Practical 05 Unit III: Eigen values, Eigen vectors and Diagonalisation

Course Code: SIUMTMNP211 Class: SYBSc Subject: Mathematics – Minor (wef 2024-25)

PRE-REQUISITES:

Definitions:

1. Linear operator 2. Eigen vector of a linear operator

3. Eigen value of a linear operator 4. Eigen vector of a matrix
5. Eigen value of a matrix 6. Eigen space of an eigen value
7. Characteristic polynomial 8. Characteristic equation

Propositions:
1. Eigen vectors corresponding to distinct eigen values are linearly independent.
(noncollinear in case of 2 × 2, noncoplanar in case of 3 × 3).
2. 𝜆 is an eigen value of a square matrix 𝐴 iff |𝐴 − 𝜆𝐼|=0
(or 𝜆 is an eigen value of a linear operator 𝑇 iff |[𝑇] − 𝜆𝐼|=0).
3. The roots of a characteristic polynomial are eigen values.
4. (Cayley-Hamilton Theorem) Every square matrix satisfies its own characteristic equation
(i.e., if 𝑐(𝜆) = 0 is a characteristic equation of a matrix 𝐴 then 𝑐(𝐴) = 0).

Objective questions:
(Choose the correct and best alternative)
1 If A is a 3 × 3 matrix and 𝑐(𝜆) is its characteristic polynomial then deg(𝑐(𝜆)) is
(a) 0 (b) 1
(c) 2 (d) 3
2 The matrix of the linear transformation 𝑇(𝑥, 𝑦) = (0,0) is
0 0 1 0
(a) [ ] (b) [ ]
0 0 0 1
1 0 0 1
(c) [ ] (d) [ ]
0 0 0 0
3 If det(A)=0 then
(a) A has no eigen value (b) 0 is an eigen value of A
(c) A has only nozero eigen values (d) 0 is the only eigen value of A
4 Which among these is an eigen value of [
1 8
]?
2 1
(a) 1 (b) 4
(c) 2 (d) -3
1 0 0
5 Which among these is not an eigen value of [0 2 0]?
0 0 3
(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 3 (d) 4
1 7 89
6 Which among these is not an eigen value of [0 2 48]?
0 0 3
(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 3 (d) 4
7 Which among these is an eigen vector of the eigen value 𝜆 = −2 for [
3 5
]?
3 1
(a) (−1, −1) (b) (−1, 1)

1 -Anoop S V, Department of Mathematics | SIES College of ASC, Sion(W)

 Practical 05 Unit III: Eigen values, Eigen vectors and Diagonalisation
Course Code: SIUMTMNP211 Class: SYBSc Subject: Mathematics – Minor (wef 2024-25)
(c) (0, −1) (d) (0,0)
8 Which among these is a characteristic polynomial of [
1 −1
]?
0 3
(a) 𝜆2 + 3𝜆 + 1 (b) 𝜆2 − 3𝜆 + 2
(c) 𝜆 − 4𝜆 + 4
2
(d) 𝜆2 − 4𝜆 + 3
1 17 9
9 Which among these is a characteristic polynomial of [0 −1 8]?
0 0 1
(a) (𝜆 − 1)2 (𝜆 + 1) (b) (𝜆 + 1)2 (𝜆 − 1)
(c) (𝜆 − 1)3 (d) (𝜆 − 1) (𝜆 + 1)
9
8 −4 2
10 If (− 2 , −4, 1) is an eigen vector of [4 0 2 ], the corresponding eigen value is
0 −2 −4
(a) 1 (b) 4
(c) − 2
9
(d) 6
11 If sum of a diagonal entries of a 2 × 2 matrix A is 4 and |A|=3 then its eigen values
are
(a) 3,4 (b) 1,3
(c) -3,-4 (d) -1, -3
12 If the eigen values of 3 × 3 matrix 𝐴 are -1,2,3 then |𝐴| is
(a) cannot say (b) 4
(c) -6 (d) 6

2 -Anoop S V, Department of Mathematics | SIES College of ASC, Sion(W)

 Practical 05 Unit III: Eigen values, Eigen vectors and Diagonalisation
Course Code: SIUMTMNP211 Class: SYBSc Subject: Mathematics – Minor (wef 2024-25)
Descriptive questions:

Type I: Eigen vectors and eigen values

Q1 Find the eigen values, eigen vectors and eigen spaces of each eigen value for the
following matrices using Geogebra (https://www.geogebra.org/m/YCZa8TAH):
(a) [
0 −1
] (b) [
2 1
] (c) [
2 1
]
1 0 0 2 0 3
(d) [
2 0
] (e) [
1 0
] (f) [
0 1
]
0 2 0 −1 −1 0
(g) [
1 1
] (h) [
0 0
] [
5 4
]
1 1 0 0 1 2
Q2 Find the eigen values, eigen vectors and eigen vectors of each eigen value for the
following matrices without using Geogebra:
(a) [
0 −1
] (b) [
2 1
] (c) [
2 3
]
1 0 0 2 0 1
(d) [
2 0
] (e) [
1 0
] (f) [
0 1
]
0 2 0 −1 −1 0
(g) [
1 1
] (h) [
0 0
] (i) 1 1 0
1 1 0 0 [0 2 2]
0 0 3
(j) 3 1 6 (k) 0 1 2
[2 1 0] [1 0 −1]
−1 0 −3 2 −1 0

Type II: Cayley Hamilton(C-H) Theorem

Q3 Verify C-H Theorem for the following matrices:
(a) [
0 −1
] (b) [
2 1
] (c) [
2 3
]
1 0 0 2 0 1
(d) [
2 0
] (e) [
1 0
] (f) [
0 1
]
0 2 0 −1 −1 0
(g) [
1 1
] (h) [
0 0
] (i) 1 1 0
1 1 0 0 [0 2 2]
0 0 3
(j) 3 1 6 (k) 0 1 2
[2 1 0] [1 0 −1]
−1 0 −3 2 −1 0
Q4 Find 𝐴−1 (if it exists) for the following matrices using C-H Theorem:
(a) 1 1 −1 (b) 2 −1 1 (c) 1 1 2
[0 2 1 ] [3 −2 1] [9 2 0]
0 0 3 0 0 1 5 0 3
(d) [
1 2
] (e) [
1 −1
] (f) [
2 6
]
4 3 1 3 2 1
Q5 Using C-H Theorem, evaluate
1 2
(i) 𝐴10 + 6𝐴9 − 5𝐴3 + 𝐼 where 𝐴 = [ ].
0 −1
1 3
(ii) 𝐴100 + 𝐴50 + 𝐼 where 𝐴 = [ ]
0 −1
8 0
(iii) 𝐴3 where 𝐴 = [ ].
5 1

3 -Anoop S V, Department of Mathematics | SIES College of ASC, Sion(W)