International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 05 Issue: 08 | Aug 2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

Simulink Implementation of Amplitude Modulation Technique using

Matlab
Mr. Ranjeet R. Suryawanshi1, Mr. Vikas D. Patil2
1,2Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering, Bharati Vidyapeeth’s College
of Engineering Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India
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Abstract – Nowadays Communication plays vital role in cannot be used for radio transmission where medium is
various aspects of human being as it provides the free space. This is because baseband signals cannot travel
information of new technology, innovations, research going over longer distance in air. After travelling certain
on around the world. Also in our personal life, most of the distance it gets suppressed. To avoid this we use
people use the entertainment media like television, radio, modulation techniques.
internet and newspaper to get ourselves updated. We
convey our messages to someone through voice, facial Modulation technique involves mixing of modulating
expressions and gestures. This is the communication method signal with carrier signal, where modulating signal is low
between human beings. But technically these messages can frequency information signal and carrier signal is high
be base-band audio, video or digital bits from computer. frequency signal. Modulation is the process in which one
Telecommunication is the core part for sending messages of the parameter of carrier wave is varied with respect to
from one place to another place. In this paper we are modulating signal. These parameters can be amplitude,
discussing on modulation which is the core mechanism for frequency & phase. The modulation process reduces the
any telecommunication device. Also in this paper we have height of antenna, avoid mixing of signals, Improve quality
implemented amplitude modulation technique with the help of reception, and increase the communication range.
of matlab-simulink.
2. AMPLITUDE MODULATION
Key Words: AM-Amplitude Modulation, m-Modulation
Index, fc-Carrier frequency, fm-modulating frequency. Amplitude modulation is the process in which amplitude
of the carrier wave will change in accordance with the
1. INTRODUCTION modulating signal wave.

There are three basic elements of electronic

communication system a Transmitter, Receiver &
Communication channel. The transmitter is a important
block in any communication system which is used to
convert the information signal into a signal suitable for
transmission over a given communication medium.
The receiver is a set of devices designed to convert the
signal which was transmitted by transmitter back to the
original information. To transmit the information signal
from one place to another place, communication channels
are used as medium. The communication channel can be of
two types: wired communication channel ,example-
Twisted pair cable, Coaxial cable Fiber optic cable and
wirless communication channel, example- RF links, Fig -1: AM Waveform
microwaves.
The waveform of AM consist of two signals, modulating
In communication system there are chain of that is baseband or low frequency signal and carrier that is
Electronic devices which are used to produces high frequency signal. These two signals are mixed
information in form of baseband signals, which can be together in modulator to obtain Amplitude Modulated
video signal, audio signal or computer data bits . To send Signal. There are three types of AM modulation :
these information from one location to another location i.e
from sender side to receiver side, we must implement a) Perfect Modulation
some communication channels like twisted pair cable, co-
axial cable, even wireless radio waves, microwaves or b)Under Modulation
infrared. But the baseband signals are low frequency
signal which are not modulated, so baseband signals c) Over Modulation

© 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 185
 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 05 Issue: 08 | Aug 2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

The modulation index m decides the type of modulation in Where, Ec- Peak amplitude of carrier signal
AM. The modulation index m is defined as the ratio of
amplitude of modulating signal to amplitude of carrier ωc =2πfc
signal. When the value of m=1, then it is perfect
modulation. When the value of m<1 ,then it is under AM wave is expressed as,
modulation. When the value of m>1, then it is over
eAM= A sin (2πfc) t --------- III
modulation.
Where, A- Instantaneous value of envelope & is given by

A= Ec + em ----------IV

Put I in IV

A= Ec + Em sin (2πfm) t --------V

Put V in III

eAM= [ Ec + Em sin (2πfmt) ] sin (2πfc t )

eAM= Ec [ 1 + Em sin (2πfmt) ] sin (2πfc t )

Ec

eAM= Ec [ 1 + m sin (2πfmt) ] sin (2πfc t )

3. IMPLEMENTATION IN MATLAB
Fig -2: Frequency Spectrum of AM
Matlab is a high-performance programming language used
The frequency spectrum of AM wave is the graph of for technical application. It supports different toolboxes for
amplitude on y-axis and frequency on x-axis. The frequency engineering computation & interfaces. Simulink is a block
spectrum gives frequency component information present diagram environment for multi domain simulation and
in AM wave & their amplitudes. It consist of two sidebands Model-Based Design. In order to implement AM in matlab
and carrier. One sideband is upper sideband USB & another we need to design the equation of AM eAM= Ec[ 1 + m sin
is lower sideband LSB. (2πfmt) ] sin (2πfc t ) practically using simulink library
blocks.
eAM= Ec sinωct + mEc/2 X cos (ωc-ωm)t – mEc/2 X cos
(ωc+ωm)t The step by step procedure to Implement AM in Matlab:

The bandwidth of AM is given by, 1)To start Simulink, you must start the MATLAB first

BW = USB – LSB 2)Now open the Simulink, by clickling on Simulink Icon

= fc + fm – ( fc – fm)

= 2fm

3. Time Domain Representation of AM wave

Let modulating signal of AM wave is represented as

em = Em sin ωmt -----------I

Where, Em- Peak amplitude of modulating signal

ωm=2πfm

Let carrier signal of AM wave is represented as

Fig -3: Simulink Icon in Matlab
ec = Ec sin ωct -----------II

© 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 186
 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 05 Issue: 08 | Aug 2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

3) It will open simulink library browser as shown below 6) To create the model, you need to drag and drop
required blocks into the model from the following
Simulink block libraries:

• Sources library (the Sine Wave block)

• Sinks library (the Scope block)

• Commonly used blocks

Fig -4: Simulink Library in Matlab

4) To create a new model , click the New Model button on

the Library Browser's toolbar.

Fig -7: Simulink block libraries

6) Sine wave block drag and drop from sources to new

model

Fig -5: New Model button in Matlab

5) Simulink opens a new model window.

Fig -7: Sine wave block

Fig -6: New model window

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 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 05 Issue: 08 | Aug 2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

7) Construct the model as shown below with blocks and 10) Set the parameters for modulation index=0.5 for under
links to connect them modulation, 1 for perfect modulation, 1.5 for over
modulation.

Fig -11: Parameters for m

Fig -8: AM equation implemented using simulink tool
11) Run the simulink by clicking on run button .
8) Set the parameters for modulating signal by clicking
on it.

Fig -12: Click on run button

12) Double click on scope block to observe waveforms.

4. RESULTS

Fig -9: Parameters for modulating signal

9) Set the parameters for carrier signal by clicking on it.

Fig -13: For m=1, Perfect Modulation

Fig -10: Parameters for carrier signal

© 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 188
 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 05 Issue: 08 | Aug 2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

Fig -14: For m=0.5, Under Modulation

Fig -15: For m=1.5, Over Modulation

5. CONCLUSIONS

In this paper, we have implemented amplitude modulation

technique with the help of equation of AM. We have used
Simulink library tool in Matlab to practically implement
the equation of AM with the help of blocks in library. We
generated three types of modulation- perfect modulation,
under modulation & over modulation and practically it is
clear that type modulation in AM depends of modulation
index.

REFERENCES

[1] www.mathworks.com

[2] Electronic Communication System by George

Kennedy, Mcgraw hill publication

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