माधव प्रौद्यो एवं दवव्ाा सं साा, गाद्गि (म.प.

), भाित
MADHAV INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCE, GWALIOR (M.P.),
INDIA
Deemed to be University
(Declared under Distinct Category by Ministry of Education, Government of
India) NAAC ACCREDITED WITH A++ GRADE

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

Practical File Record Of

Software Application for Solving Civil Engineering Problem

(110716) July - November (2024)

In partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of

degree of

BACHELOR OF

TECHNOLOGY IN

CIVIL ENGINEERING

Submitted by: Under the guidance of:

Ashutosh Baghel (0901CE211030) Dr. Hemant Shrivastava
Assistant Professor
Department of Civil Engineering
MITS, Gwalior
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

S. No Title of program Page Date of Date of Signature Remark

number Experiment submission
1. Design and analysis of reinforced concrete
beam using STADD software

2. Design and analysis of reinforced concrete

slab using STADD software

3. Design Python code to develop load-

response curve for different load
conditions for a beam designed of
experiment 1.

4. Application of QGIS in preparation of

vector map of major city and preparation
of land use and land cover maps.

5. Determination of critical network for a

construction project using PRIMEVERA/
MS-Project.

6. To prepare an estimation of Multistorey

building and Road using MSExcel.

7. Design water supply networks through

Hardy Cross method. (Loops, EPANET
and other software’s).

8. Design Sewer networks using Hidra

software.

9. Development of Geo-contour map by total

station

10. Estimation of axel load (msa) through IRC

37: 2015 using MS Excel.
11.
 EXPERIMENT NO. – 1
1. Aim
To design and analyze a reinforced concrete beam using STAAD.Pro software,
ensuring it meets the strength and serviceability requirements as per relevant design
codes.

2. Theory

2.1 Reinforced Concrete Beams

Reinforced concrete beams are structural elements designed to withstand bending and
shear forces. The combination of concrete (which resists compression) and steel
reinforcement (which resists tension) allows these beams to effectively carry loads.
Key design considerations include:
 Bending Moment: The internal moment that induces bending.
 Shear Force: The internal force that causes sliding.
 Deflection: The degree to which a structural element deforms under load.
 Design Codes: ACI 318 and IS 456 provide guidelines for calculating
required reinforcement and ensuring safety factors.

3. Procedure

3.1 Model Creation in STAAD.Pro

1. Open STAAD.Pro: Launch the software and create a new project.
2. Set Units: Choose units (e.g., kN, mm).
3. Define Geometry:
o Create nodes for a simply supported beam.
o Input beam dimensions: Width = 230 mm, Depth = 450 mm, Length = 6 m.
3.2 Material and Section Properties
1. Concrete Material: Define concrete properties
2. Steel Material: Define steel properties
3. Section Properties: Define the beam’s cross-section.
3.3 Load Application
1. Define Load Cases:
o Dead Load: 10 kN/m (self-weight + finishes).
o Live Load: 25 kN/m.
2. Assign Loads: Apply the loads to the beam model.
3.4 Analysis Execution
1. Run Analysis: Perform static analysis for the defined load combinations.
2. Review Results: Examine bending moments, shear forces, and deflection values.
3.5 Reinforcement Design
1. Calculate Required Reinforcement: Based on analysis results.
2. Provide Reinforcement Details: Specify bar sizes and spacing according to the design
codes.

4. Results

4.1 Analysis Outputs

 Maximum Bending Moment: 195 kNm
 Maximum Shear Force: 78.1 kN
 Deflection: 7.673 mm (compared against limits specified in design codes).
4.3 Diagrams

5. Conclusion
The analysis of the reinforced concrete beam using STAAD.Pro demonstrates that the design
meets the necessary strength and serviceability criteria as specified in the relevant design
codes. The results confirm the structural integrity and adequacy of the proposed
reinforcement.
 EXPERIMENT NO.-2

1. Aim
To design and analyze a reinforced concrete slab using STAAD.Pro software, ensuring
compliance with relevant design codes for structural integrity and serviceability.

2. Theory
2.1 Reinforced Concrete Slabs
Reinforced concrete slabs are horizontal structural elements that support loads and transfer them
to beams or columns. The combination of concrete and steel reinforcement allows slabs to
effectively handle bending moments and shear forces. Key concepts include:
 Bending Moment: The internal moment caused by applied loads that induces bending.
 Shear Force: The internal force that acts parallel to the slab, causing potential sliding.
 Deflection: The vertical displacement of the slab under load.
 Design Codes: Standards such as ACI 318 and IS 456 provide guidelines for calculating
reinforcement and ensuring safety factors.

3. Procedure
3.1 Model Creation in STAAD.Pro
1. Open STAAD.Pro: Start a new project in the software.
2. Set Units: Select appropriate units (e.g., kN, mm).
3. Define Geometry:
o Create a rectangular slab model with specified dimensions.
o For example: Length = 4 m, Width = 3 m, Thickness = 150 mm.

3.2 Material and Section Properties

1. Concrete Material: Define properties for concrete
2. Steel Material: Define properties for steel reinforcement
3. Section Properties: Define slab thickness and other relevant properties.
3.3 Load Application
1. Define Load Cases:
o Dead Load: Calculate self-weight of the slab (e.g., 10 kN/m²).
o Live Load: Specify live load (e.g., 25 kN/m²).
2. Assign Loads: Apply dead and live loads uniformly across the slab.
3.4 Analysis Execution
1. Run Analysis: Perform static analysis to evaluate the structural response to applied loads.
2. Review Results: Examine bending moments, shear forces, and deflections.

4. Results
4.1 Analysis Outputs
 Maximum Bending Moment: 48.9 kNm
 Maximum Shear Force: 5.76 kN
 Deflection: 0.029 mm (check against permissible limits).

4.3 Diagrams
5. Conclusion
The analysis of the reinforced concrete slab using STAAD.Pro indicates that the design meets the
necessary strength and serviceability criteria as specified in the relevant design codes. The results
affirm the structural adequacy of the slab for the intended loading conditions.
 EXPERIMENT NO.-3
1. Aim
To develop Python code that generates a load-response curve for a reinforced concrete beam
subjected to various load conditions, facilitating the analysis of its structural performance.

2. Theory
2.1 Load-Response Curve
A load-response curve is a graphical representation that illustrates how a structural element, such
as a beam, responds to applied loads in terms of deflection or displacement. The curve provides
insights into the behavior of the beam under different loading scenarios. Key concepts include:
 Load Conditions: Various types of loads (point loads, distributed loads) affect the beam
differently.
 Beam Deflection: The vertical displacement of the beam under load can be calculated using
beam theory, such as Euler-Bernoulli beam theory.
 Material Properties: The response of the beam is influenced by its material properties,
including elasticity and geometry.

3. Procedure
3.1 Python Code Development
1. Initialize Parameters:
o Define beam properties: length, modulus of elasticity, moment of inertia.
o Set load conditions (e.g., point loads).
2. Calculate Deflection:
o Create a function to compute deflection for each load condition using the formula.
 3. Plot Load-Response Curve:
o Utilize libraries like Matplotlib to generate and display the curve.
3.2 Sample Python Code

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# Parameters
L = 6.0 # Length of the beam in meters
E = 30e9 # Modulus of elasticity in Pa
I = 0.0001 # Moment of inertia in m^4

# Load conditions (N)

loads = np.array([0, 10000, 20000, 30000, 40000, 50000]) # Example point loads

# Initialize deflection array

deflections = np.zeros(loads.shape)

# Calculate deflection for each load

for i in range(len(loads)):
P = loads[i]
deflections[i] = (P * L**3) / (48 * E * I) # Deflection calculation

# Plot Load-Response Curve

plt.figure()
plt.plot(loads, deflections, marker='o')
plt.xlabel('Applied Load (N)')
plt.ylabel('Deflection (m)')
plt.title('Load-Response Curve for Beam')
plt.grid()
plt.show()

4. Results
4.1 Load-Response Data
 Applied Loads (N): [0, 10,000, 20,000, 30,000, 40,000, 50,000]
 Corresponding Deflections (m): [0, 0.0025, 0.010, 0.022, 0.04, 0.063] (example values;
insert actual values based on calculations).
4.2 Load-Response Curve
 Attach the generated plot showing the relationship between applied load and deflection.
5. Conclusion
The Python code effectively generates a load-response curve for the reinforced concrete beam under
various load conditions. The results demonstrate how the beam deflects in response to increasing
loads, providing valuable insights into its structural behavior.
 EXPERIMENT NO.-4

1. Aim
To utilize QGIS software for the preparation of a detailed vector and to create land use and land
cover maps that illustrate the spatial distribution of various land types within the city.

2. Theory
2.1 Geographic Information System (GIS)
A Geographic Information System (GIS) is a framework for gathering, managing, and analyzing
spatial and geographic data. QGIS is an open-source GIS application that allows users to create,
edit, visualize, and analyze geospatial information.
2.2 Vector Mapping
Vector maps represent geographic features using points, lines, and polygons. This allows for
detailed representation of features such as roads, buildings, and boundaries. Vector data is often
derived from various sources, including satellite imagery, GPS data, and surveys.
2.3 Land Use and Land Cover Mapping
 Land Use: Refers to how land is utilized by humans (e.g., residential, commercial,
agricultural).
 Land Cover: Refers to the physical material present on the surface of the earth (e.g.,
forests, water bodies, urban areas).

 Land use and land cover maps are crucial for urban planning, environmental management,
and resource allocation.
3. Procedure
3.1 Data Collection
1. Identify Data Sources: Obtain relevant spatial data from sources such as government
agencies, open data portals, or satellite imagery.
2. Download Data: Acquire shapefiles or raster images for the city area, including
administrative boundaries, transportation networks, and land cover data.
3.2 Setting Up QGIS
1. Install QGIS: Ensure QGIS is installed on your computer (version [Insert Version]).
2. Load Data: Open QGIS and load the downloaded vector and raster data into the project.
3.3 Creating the Vector Map
1. Add Layers: Add layers such as administrative boundaries, roads, and points of interest.
2. Symbolization: Style the layers using appropriate symbols and colors to enhance
visualization.
3. Labeling: Add labels for important features (e.g., streets, parks).
3.4 Preparing Land Use and Land Cover Maps
1. Raster Data Analysis: If using satellite imagery, classify the land cover using supervised or
unsupervised classification methods.
2. Vectorization: Convert raster data into vector format if necessary for detailed analysis.
3. Create Land Use Map: Digitally outline different land use categories (residential,
commercial, industrial, etc.) based on the analyzed data.
4. Create Land Cover Map: Classify and represent various land cover types (e.g., forest,
water, urban) using distinct colors and patterns.
3.5 Finalizing Maps
1. Layout Preparation: Use the Print Layout feature in QGIS to arrange the maps for
preentation.
2. Export Maps: Export the final vector map and land use/land cover maps in desired formats
(e.g., PDF, PNG).
4. Results
4.1 Vector Map
 Description: The vector map of [City Name] includes administrative boundaries, major
roads, and key points of interest.
 Visual Output: Attach the vector map image.
4.2 Land Use Map
 Description: The land use map categorizes the city into different functional areas,
including residential, commercial, and green spaces.
 Visual Output: Attach the land use map image.
4.3 Land Cover Map
 Description: The land cover map illustrates the physical characteristics of the land,
showing areas of forest, water bodies, and urban development.
 Visual Output: Attach the land cover map image.

5. Conclusion
The application of QGIS enabled the successful creation of a detailed vector map of [City Name]
as well as comprehensive land use and land cover maps. These maps are essential tools for urban
planning, resource management, and environmental monitoring, providing valuable insights into
the spatial characteristics of the city.
 EXPERIMENT NO.-5

1. Aim
To determine the critical network for a construction project using MS Project, identifying key
tasks and their dependencies to optimize project scheduling and resource allocation.

2. Theory
2.1 Project Management and Scheduling
Project management involves planning, executing, and closing projects effectively. Scheduling is
a crucial aspect, helping project managers allocate resources, track progress, and meet deadlines.
Key concepts include:
 Critical Path Method (CPM): A project management technique used to identify the longest
sequence of dependent tasks (the critical path) that determine the project duration.
 Activity Nodes: Represents individual tasks or milestones within the project.
 Dependencies: Relationships between tasks that dictate the order of execution (e.g., finish-
to-start, start-to-start).
2.2 Importance of Critical Path
Identifying the critical path is essential for effective project management as it helps in:
 Prioritizing tasks that directly impact project completion.
 Allocating resources efficiently to avoid delays.
 Identifying potential risks and implementing mitigation strategies.

3. Procedure
3.1 Project Setup in MS Project
1. Open MS Project: Launch MS Project and create a new project file.
2. Set Project Information: Enter project start date and other relevant details.
3.2 Define Project Activities
 1. List Activities: Identify and list all activities involved in the construction project.
2. Input Activities: Enter the activities into MS Project, including names, durations, and
resources required.
3.3 Establish Task Dependencies
1. Link Tasks: Define dependencies between tasks by using the predecessor column.
o Use different dependency types (finish-to-start, start-to-start, etc.) as appropriate.
2. Set Milestones: Identify and mark key milestones within the project timeline.
3.4 Analyze the Critical Path
1. View Gantt Chart: Switch to the Gantt Chart view to visualize the project schedule.
2. Identify Critical Path: Use the "Critical Path" option to highlight tasks that are critical to
project completion.
o Critical tasks will be displayed in a different color (usually red).
3.5 Review and Adjust
1. Review the Schedule: Examine the critical path and ensure that all dependencies and
durations are correctly entered.
2. Adjust Resources: Reallocate resources as necessary to ensure critical tasks are adequately
supported.

4. Results
4.1 Critical Network Analysis
 Critical Path: The identified critical path consists of the following tasks: [List of critical
tasks].
 Total Project Duration: The overall duration of the project based on the critical path is
[Insert Duration] days/weeks.
4.2 Gantt Chart
 Visual Output: Attach the Gantt Chart showing the critical path and task dependencies.
4.3 Insights
  Resource Allocation: Identify any potential bottlenecks or resource constraints along the
critical path.
 Risk Management: Discuss risks associated with critical tasks and possible mitigation
strategies.

5. Conclusion
The determination of the critical network for the construction project using MS Project has
successfully highlighted the critical path and dependencies among tasks. This analysis provides
valuable insights into project scheduling, resource allocation, and risk management, ensuring that
the project remains on track for timely completion.
 EXPERIMENT-06
1. Aim
To estimate the costs, materials, and time required for the construction of a multistorey building
and a road using Microsoft Excel.

2. Theory
Estimating construction projects involves calculating quantities and costs based on project
specifications. For multistorey buildings, this includes structural components, finishes, and MEP
(mechanical, electrical, plumbing) systems. For roads, estimations typically encompass
earthworks, pavement, drainage, and ancillary features.

3. Procedure
1. Data Collection:
o Gather specifications for the multistorey building (dimensions, materials, labor
rates, etc.).
o Collect road specifications (length, width, materials, traffic considerations).
2. Excel Setup:
o Open Excel and create separate sheets for the building and the road.
o Label columns for item description, quantity, unit cost, total cost, and any other
relevant parameters.
3. Multistorey Building Estimation:
o Input Dimensions: Enter height, number of floors, floor area, and volume of
concrete.
o List Components: Include foundations, beams, columns, slabs, walls, roofing,
finishes, and MEP systems.
o Calculate Quantities: Use formulas to compute quantities (e.g., total concrete
volume = floor area x height x number of floors).
o Cost Calculation: Multiply quantities by unit costs and sum total costs.
4. Road Estimation:
o Input Dimensions: Enter length, width, and thickness of layers.
o List Components: Include earthworks, subgrade preparation, base layers, surface
layer, drainage, and signage.
o Calculate Quantities: Determine the volume of materials needed for each layer.
o Cost Calculation: Similar to the building estimation, calculate total costs based on
quantities and unit prices.
5. Final Summary:
o Create a summary sheet that consolidates total estimated costs for both projects.
o Include charts or graphs for visual representation of the data if needed.
6. Review and Adjust:
o Check for accuracy in formulas and assumptions.
o Adjust quantities or costs based on any new information or revised specifications.
4. Results
 Present the total estimated cost for both the multistorey building and the road.
 Include detailed breakdowns for each component.
 Use visual aids (graphs, charts) to compare costs and quantities if necessary.

5. Conclusion
Estimating the costs for construction projects like a multistorey building and a road in MS Excel
allows for detailed analysis and adjustments. This approach provides a clear overview of potential
expenses, helping stakeholders make informed decisions. The use of Excel facilitates easy
updates and scenario analysis, essential for effective project management.
 EXPERIMENT-07
1. Aim
To design and analyze an efficient water supply network using the Hardy Cross method and
EPANET software to ensure optimal flow distribution and minimize energy losses.

2. Theory
The Hardy Cross method is an iterative technique used for analyzing flow in pipe networks. It is
particularly effective in balancing flow and calculating head loss in water distribution systems.
The method involves the following key principles:
1. Flow Continuity: The sum of inflows and outflows at any junction must be equal.
2. Energy Loss: The energy loss in pipes is typically calculated using the Darcy-Weisbach
equation, which considers pipe length, diameter, flow velocity, and friction factor.

3. Procedure
1. Network Layout:
o Design the initial layout of the water supply network, including pipes, junctions,
reservoirs, and demand points.
2. Initial Input:
o Gather necessary data: pipe diameters, lengths, roughness coefficients, demand at
junctions, and initial flow estimates.
3. Using EPANET:
o Open EPANET and create a new project.
o Input the network layout: Add nodes (junctions, reservoirs, tanks) and links
(pipes).
o Assign the characteristics to each element, including diameter, length, and
roughness.
4. Hardy Cross Method Application:
o Start with an initial flow distribution based on estimated demands.
o Calculate head losses in each pipe using the Darcy-Weisbach equation.
o Identify loops in the network and apply the Hardy Cross method to adjust flow
rates iteratively:
 For each loop, calculate the flow corrections needed to balance the
network.
 Update flow rates and recalculate head losses.
 Repeat until convergence (when flow corrections are minimal).
5. EPANET Simulation:
o Run a hydraulic analysis in EPANET using the corrected flow values from the
Hardy Cross method.
o Check for results on pressures, flow rates, and head losses.
6. Optimization:
o Analyze the simulation results for efficiency and identify any issues (e.g.,
insufficient pressure or excessive head loss).
 o Modify pipe diameters or network layout as necessary and re-run the analysis to
find the optimal configuration.

4. Results
 Present the final network configuration with flow rates, pressures, and head losses.
 Include graphical outputs from EPANET, such as pressure distribution maps and flow
profiles.
 Summarize key performance indicators, such as total head loss and system reliability.

5. Conclusion
The integration of the Hardy Cross method and EPANET software provides a robust framework
for designing water supply networks. The Hardy Cross method ensures flow balance and
minimizes losses, while EPANET offers powerful simulation capabilities to validate and optimize
the design. This combined approach results in an efficient and reliable water supply system that
meets demand while adhering to engineering standards.