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38 views3 pages

Revision Questions

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adaptive4u4527
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Revision Questions

Q1) Define what is meant by the Bounded Input Bounded Output (BIBO) stability.
Q2) For each of the transfer functions shown below, find the locations of the
poles. Asses their stability properties by Selecting these features from the list:
 Fast exponential decay
 Slow exponential decay
 Constant oscillation
 Slow exponential growth
 Slow increasing sinusoidal oscillation
 Fast decreasing sinusoidal oscillation

2 10 100
G(s)= C (s )= T (s )=
s +100 (s+20 0)(s+2) (s−0.2)(s+ 0.1)

2 9 100
M (s)= 2
L(s)= 2
F (s )= 2
(s+1 0 0) +4 s +9 (s−0.0 1) + 4

Pole of G(s) is -100. Fast exponential decay.


Poles of C(s) are -2 and -200. Slow exponential decay.
Poles of T(s) are 0.2 and -0.1. Slow exponential growth.
Poles of M(s) are −1 0 0 ±2 j . Fast decreasing sinusoidal oscillation.

Poles of L(s) are ± 3 j. Constant oscillation.

Poles of F(s) are 0 .01 ±2 j . Slow increasing sinusoidal oscillation.

Q3) Find the transfer function of a second-order system that yields a 12.3%
overshoot and a settling time of 1 second.
Q4) The reference signal for the following block diagram is r (s)and the output
signal of G3(s) is y (s). Rearrange and simplify the block diagram to find the
transfer function between r (s) and y ( s ) .

+ +
G1 (s) G2 (s) G3 (s)
- -

frequency 𝜔𝑛, the damping ratio 𝜁 and the steady state gain 𝐾. State whether
Q5) For the following transfer functions, compute the undamped natural

the system is underdamped, overdamped, critically damped or undamped.


2 10 100
G(s)= C (s )= T (s )=
s +100 (s+20 0)(s+2) (s−0.2)(s+ 0.1)

2 9 100
M (s)= 2
L(s)= 2
F (s )= 2
(s+1 0 0) +4 s +9 (s−0.01) + 4

Q6) A proportional controller, 𝐾𝑝=3, is in series with a first-order system in a


unity negative feedback loop where 𝐺(𝑠)=4𝑠+2
a) Calculate the closed-loop transfer function 𝐺𝑟𝑦(𝑠).
b) Calculate the closed loop time constant.
c) Calculate the closed loop steady state gain.
d) Will a steady state error be present? justify your answer with an appropriate
argument.

Q7) Apply a Proportional Derivative PD controller to give a closed-loop damping of

feedback loop and the system transfer function is given by 𝐺(𝑠)=25𝑠2+0.1𝑠+0.25


0.7 and a closed-loop natural frequency of 5 rad/s. Assume a unity negative
natural frequency of 2 rad/s. The system is given by 𝐺(𝑠) = 2 𝑠 + 0.5
Q8) Apply a PI control to give a closed-loop damping of 0.5 and a closed-loop

settling time 𝑇𝑠 = 0.6 second. Find the location of the second-order pair of poles.
Q9) A second-order system has a percent overshoot %𝑂𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 12% and a

Q10) Explain what is meant by a PID controller. Write down the transfer function
and explain the effect of each parameter on the transient and steady state
response.
A PID is a control loop mechanism employing feedback that is widely used in
industrial control systems requiring continuously modulated control. A PID
controller continuously calculates an error value and applies a correction based on
proportional, integral, and derivative terms.
Ki
C ( s )=K p + + sK d
s

Proportional Integral Derivative


▪ Rapid response ▪ Eliminates the ▪ Predicts system behavior and thus
speed to track the steady-state error. improves settling time/transient
error signal ▪ Prone to cause the response and stability of the system
▪ Guarantees steady- transient respone to ▪ Helps reduce overshoot, but
state error. overshoot. amplifies noise (derivative kick)
▪ Prone to be ▪ Seldom used in practice, 80% of
unstable for large Kp. the employed PID controllers have
the D part switched-off.

Q11) The following transfer functions are part of a unity negative feedback loop
where
𝐶(𝑠)=𝐾𝑝+𝐾𝑖𝑠, 𝐺(𝑠)=1𝑠+4
Calculate 𝐾𝑝 and 𝐾𝑖 using the heuristic method. Hence, calculate the steady
state error 𝑒𝑠𝑠 and the steady state output 𝑦𝑠𝑠 to a unit step input. What is the
effect of the integrator on the steady state error?

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