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Development of Smart Cooking Stove: Harvesting Energy from the Heat, Gas
Leakage Detection and IoT Based Notification System

Conference Paper · January 2019

DOI: 10.1109/ICREST.2019.8644117

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 2019 International Conference on Robotics,Electrical and Signal Processing Techniques (ICREST)

Development of Smart Cooking Stove: Harvesting

Energy from the Heat, Gas Leakage Detection and
IoT Based Notification System
Shawkat Jahan Shibly Talukdar Md. Mahafuzul Islam
Electrical and Electronics Electrical and Electronics Electrical and Electronics
Engineering American International Engineering American International Engineering American International
University-Bangladesh University-Bangladesh University-Bangladesh
Dhaka, Bangladesh Dhaka, Bangladesh Dhaka, Bangladesh
[email protected] [email protected] [email protected]
Md. Minhajul Azmir Ahmed Mortuza Saleque Electrical
Electrical and Electronics and Electronics Engineering
Engineering American International American International University-
University-Bangladesh Bangladesh
Dhaka, Bangladesh Dhaka, Bangladesh
[email protected] [email protected]

Abstract— The design and implementation of smart designed to harvest energy which can supply power to the
cooking stove with safety features has been discussed in this load such as mobile, tablet charging by extracting heat from
paper. To increase the efficiency of the conventional cooking camp fire during camping in remote area like – hill tracking,
stove, an energy harvest system from cooking heat has also forest camping. The maximum output power from this
been proposed in this research work. Heat absorbing body and
device was 5W [4]. A system was made for the need of
Thermoelectric Cooler (TEC) module are used for this
purpose. Heat is absorbed to generate power by using seebeck family where the electric power is not sufficient. The stove
effect through TEC module. Generated power can be stored in was used for cooking purpose which was inefficient and no
a battery which can be delivered to the load. Sensor based more than natural convection for exhaust removal. That
safety feature has been implemented which can detect the proposed module was able to provide up to 19.1W to 20W
leakage of gas and notify the user through mobile message and was able to charge 30V rechargeable battery [5]. 3.54W
using an IoT server. 14V has been generated from the cooking was generated from thermoelectric generator through an air
heat using the TEC module from this initial prototype. conditioning condenser for 212°F temperature difference
Keywords- IoT, smart cooker, TEC module, nodeMCU and for 518°F temperature difference the output power was
19.1W [6].
I. INTRODUCTION
LPG leakage alert system was studied by many
Smart gas stove includes safety feature and improves researchers. An LPG gas leakage detection and alarm
energy efficiency by harvesting energy from heat during system was designed by using IC7805, bridge rectifier with
cooking. In an average household, approximately 3 hours are capacitor filter and MQ-6 gas sensor. MQ-6 was operated
needed for cooking purpose. The conventional cooking stove with 5V AC or DC power supply. It detected the LPG
is not energy efficient thus 60% of heat is wasted during concentration in the range of 200 to 10000 ppm [7]. A
cooking [1]. But this wasted thermal energy can be used to module was designed by using discrete component such as
produce electricity. Moreover, gas burner based cooking
LPG detector, Operational amplifier, drive circuit, buzzer
stove has a possibility of gas leakage which can lead to an
and valve which can monitor the gas leakage and send
accident. Smart gas stove can reduce the probability of
explosion due to gas leakage by alarming the user at the alarm. MQ-6 gas sensor was used to detect the gas leakage
earlier stage of leakage. [8]. But none of the above system used IoT for the user
notification by sending short messages. In case of absence
As an application of seebeck effect P-type and N-type of the user, it is not possible to take immediate action for
semiconductors has been used for making thermoelectric gas leakage. On the other hand, this paper demonstrates a
generator to convert the heat energy into electrical energy design and implementation of a smart cooker where an IoT
[1]. Harvesting energy from heat was studied by many based gas leakage monitoring system is used. Thus user can
researchers: Wasted heat from electrical oven was used as a be notified even s/he is away from home and will be able to
heat source for thermoelectric generator (TEG). The key take necessary steps to avoid accident. The main
results showed the possible generated outputs for 20°C components used for this module are MQ-2, infrared sensor,
temperature difference. The output was up to 1V and 30mW microcontroller-atmega328, Wi-Fi module (ESP 8266) and
in the open circuit condition and 0.5V and 25mW in the Arduino.
closed circuit conditions [2]. The thermoelectric generator
was placed outside the fire place. A device was extended
inside the fire or heat to collect the heat and transport to the II. THE PRESENT CONDITION AND PROBLEMS OF
generator. After building the fire, the surface absorbed the CONVENTIONAL GAS STOVE
temperature and the thermoelectric generator produced From the bellow table I, all local designs are commonly
electricity. By using this electricity, user can operate any encountered cook stove used in Bangladesh. Those stoves
electrical device which is less than 150W [3]. A system was are poorly constructed, inefficient and create unnecessary

978-1-5386-8014-8/19/$31.00 ©2019 IEEE

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 2019 International Conference on Robotics,Electrical and Signal Processing Techniques (ICREST)

amounts of smoke. In the designs with no insulation, the leakage of LPG, it will give alarm through buzzer and a send
outer wall temperature of the first local stove reaches short message to user via NodeMCU.
approximately up to 250°F.

TABLE I. COMPARISON BETWEEN DIFFERENT TYPES OF LOCAL

STOVES

Local stoves
(The pictures are captured by Design issues
authors)
1. Open non portable
2. Poorly insulated
3. Considerable heat losses to the
environment

1. Open portable
2. Good insulation
Fig. 2. Power Generation module
3. Less amount of heat loss to the
environment The module in fig. 2 is designed in such way that TEC
1. Open & portable module can cascade with each other in series connection to
2. Poorly insulated increase the efficiency of the desired output.
3. Large amount of heat loss to
the environment
4. Used for commercial purpose
TABLE II. DATA TABLE FOR VOLTAGE AND TIME

Times (sec) Voltage(V)

The second local stove is widely used in the urban area 60 4.18
which is comfortable and create promising amount of heat 120 6.56
for cooking. The third one is commonly used in local 180 7.25
restaurants. But none of them provide any extra facility 240 7.99
except cooking. The smart gas stove is proposed in this paper 300 10.04
provide safety for the kitchen. It senses the gas leakage of the 360 11.21
kitchen’s atmosphere and if the level of CH4 gas exceeds a 420 12.24
480 13.35
predetermined value then it provides an alarm to aware the
540 14.77
user about the upcoming hazard. It can also provide electrical 600 14.85
energy which can be used for home appliance. 680 14.77

III. HARVESTING ENERGY FROM HEAT

A temperature difference between two points in a
conductor or semiconductor results in a voltage difference
between this two points [10]. By using this theorem, a gas
stove module is designed from which temperature difference
is created for hot and cold side. For hot side the heat is
collected from the heat used in cooking purpose and for cold
side the heat sink is used to cool the module. Thermoelectric
cooler module is used in the middle of the temperature
difference. Voltage will be generated by the temperature
difference from both side of the TEC module.
Fig. 3. Voltage vs Time Curve.

Fig. 3 represents the voltage generation with respect to

the time according to the data of table II. The figure shows
that voltage increases proportionally with time.
Approximately, after 9 minutes the output voltage goes on
saturation mode. And the output voltage is around 14 to 15V.

IV. GAS LEAKAGE SAFETY IN KITCHEN

Gas leakage in kitchen is a common phenomenon. In
Fig. 1. Block Diagram
every year a numerous number of accidents occur due to gas
The fig. 1 represents the block diagram of smart gas stove. explosion. The module shown in fig. 4 will detect the gas
From the temperature difference of thermoelectric generator leakage of the kitchen and alert the owner via message. In
voltage is produced and stored in the battery. DC-DC buck the proposed module a microcontroller named NodeMCU is
converter is used to provide different amounts of required used to control the gas sensor MQ-8. NodeMCU is a special
power supply to the system. In safety feature gas sensor, type of microcontroller which is a pen source IoT platform,
NodeMCU and buzzer are used. Safety feature and load cost effective, low energy consumption and has integrated
receives power from stored energy. If gas sensor senses any support for the Wi-Fi network [11]. The input power for

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 2019 International Conference on Robotics,Electrical and Signal Processing Techniques (ICREST)

microcontroller and gas sensor is provided by the energy is connected with ground pin (G) of NodeMCU. In this paper
harvesting module. an IOT server named IFTTT used for messaging purpose. If
gas leakage is detected by gas sensor, the buzzer gives alarm
and IFTTT server send message to owner’s phone. This
whole process is written on the code. The code is verified by
Arduino IDE. After verifying the code, board option is being
selected in "NodeMCU 1.0(ESP-12E Module)" through tools
bar. After checking the ports connections, the code is
uploading in NodeMCU. Phone application is renamed as
IFTTT for this messaging application.

Fig. 4. Gas Sensor Circuit

The Fig. 5 represents the working flow of IoT system.

The microcontroller NodeMCU has a built-in Wi-Fi module
system. The gas sensor MQ-8 and buzzer both are connected
with microcontroller. If there is gas leakage, the buzzer will
alarm to notify the user and the data of the leakage will go to
the internet and then send to the server. Finally the server
sends the gas leakage message to android device through
internet (Fig. 6).
NodeMCU is a one type of microcontroller which is
mounted with ESP8266 Wi-Fi module. This Wi-Fi module
helps to connect NodeMCU with local server. To operate
NodeMCU it is compiled with Arduino IDE. In this
compilation process an IoT server is defined in the code.

Fig. 7. Flowchart of Gas Leakage Detection System

Fig. 5. Working Principle of NodeMCU

The above flowchart in fig. 7 represents the algorithm of
the security system.

TABLE III. DEVELOPMENT COST

Component List Price Per Unit Quantity Total

($) (PCS) Cost ($)
Thermoelectric 2.10 12 25.2
Cooler(TEC)
NodeMCU V-3 5.35 1 5.35
LM2596 DC-DC 0.83 1 0.83
MQ8 Gas Sensor Module 1.78 1 1.78
Buzzer 0.05 1 0.05
Aluminum Body 11.8 1 11.8
Structure
Fig. 6. Gas Leakage Detection and Notification Heat Sink & Fan 2.38 3 7.14
Miscellaneous - - 3.57
NodeMCU contains nine digital pins and one analog pin. Total Cost 55.72
Gas sensor MQ8 consist four pins. Analog pin of gas sensor
is connected with analog pin (A0) of NodeMCU. Buzzer is The total development cost for this system is only $56
used for safety purpose. Positive pin of the buzzer is and can be made by using the locally available materials.
connected with NodeMCU digital pin (D6) and negative pin

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 2019 International Conference on Robotics,Electrical and Signal Processing Techniques (ICREST)

TABLE IV. COST COMPARISON [9] Anandhakrishnan S, Deepesh Nair, Rakesh K, Sampath K,Gayathri S
Nair,” IOT Based Smart Gas Monitoring System”, IOSR Journal of
Types Cost($) Remarks Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IOSR-JEEE) e-ISSN: 2278-
Proposed smart cooker 55.72 Energy efficient, ensure 1676,p-ISSN: 2320-3331, PP 82-87.
safety of the kitchen [10] Jose A. Flores- Livas,”THERMOELECTRICITY: AN
Gas stove 36.08 No extra facility except INTRODUCTION” Laboratoire de Physique de la Matiere
cooking Condensee et Nanostructures Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1.
Electrical stove 48.11 Use electricity, no extra [11] S. Tonage, S. Yemul, R. Jare3, V. Patki4, “IoT based home
facility. automation system using NodeMCU ESP8266 module”, International
Conventional cooker by 3 Low price but not Journal of Advance Research and Development.
burning woods environment friendly.

Though the cost of the proposed smart cooker is

comparable with the electric stove, it provides way more
additional features. Moreover, as the energy will be
harvested from the heat, the efficiency of the cooking
process will also increase.

V. CONCLUSION
Implementing such a device which can convert heat
energy into electric energy from a gas burner and also gives
gas leakage safety is a new concept in Bangladesh. Many
home appliances have multifunction facilities while
conventional gas stove has only one application, which is
cooking food. Carry out something which will gear up
electricity from heat was challenging and ambitious. As
there were some over-heating issues, it was hard to design.
Afterwards, the problems were managed carefully and the
predicted design was implemented successfully. The data
was collected carefully and analyzed and the goal was
established successfully to complete the paper. In future the
proposed design can be improved by using thermoelectric
generator instead of thermoelectric cooler to generate more
voltages. Similarly, the misuse of gas can also be detected
by using object detection system. Additionally, an automatic
gas valve can be designed so that the gas connection can be
switched off from the main supply once the leakage is
detected.

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