AoPS Community 2023 Bangladesh Mathematical Olympiad

BdMO 2023 National Problems

www.artofproblemsolving.com/community/c3290669
by sman96, Hasin Ahmad

– Secondary

P1 Find all possible non-negative integer solution (x, y) of the following equation-
x! + 2y = (x + 1)!
Note: x! = x · (x − 1)! and 0! = 1. For example, 5! = 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 = 120.

P2 Let the points A, B, C lie on a line in this order. AB is the diameter of semicircle ω1 , AC is the
diameter of semicircle ω2 . Assume both ω1 and ω2 lie on the same side of AC. D is a point on
ω2 such that BD ⊥ AC. A circle centered at B with radius BD intersects ω1 at E. F is on AC
such that EF ⊥ AC. Prove that BC = BF .

P3 Solve the equation for the positive integers:

(x + 2y)2 + 2x + 5y + 9 = (y + z)2

P4 2023 balls are divided into several buckets such that no bucket contains more than 99 balls. We
can remove balls from any bucket or remove an entire bucket, as many times as we want. Prove
that we can remove them in such a way that each of the remaining buckets will have an equal
number of balls and the total number of remaining balls will be at least 100.
 
P5 Let m, n and p are real numbers such that (m + n + p) 1
m + 1
n + 1
p = 1.
Find all possible values of
1 1 1 1
2023
− 2023 − 2023 − 2023 .
(m + n + p) m n p

P6 Let △ABC be an acute angle triangle and ω be its circumcircle. Let N be a point on arc AC not
containing B and S be a point on line AB. The line tangent to ω at N intersects BC at T , N S
intersects ω at K. Assume that ∠N T C = ∠KSB. Prove that CK ∥ AN ∥ T S.

P7 Prove that every positive integer can be represented in the form

3m1 · 2n1 + 3m2 · 2n2 + · · · + 3mk · 2nk
where m1 > m2 > · · · > mk ≥ 0 and 0 ≤ n1 < n2 < · · · < nk are integers.

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AoPS Community 2023 Bangladesh Mathematical Olympiad

P8 We are given n intervals [l1 , r1 ], [l2 , r2 ], [l3 , r3 ], . . . , [ln , rn ] in the number line. We can divide the
intervals into two sets such that no two intervals in the same set have overlaps. Prove that there
are at most n − 1 pairs of overlapping intervals.

P9 Let A1 A2 . . . A2n be a regular 2n-gon inscribed in circle ω. Let P be any point on the circle ω. Let
H1 , H2 , . . . , Hn be orthocenters of triangles P A1 A2 , P A3 A4 , . . . , P A2n−1 A2n respectively. Prove
that H1 H2 . . . Hn is a regular n-gon.

P10 Joy has a square board of size n × n. At every step, he colours a cell of the board. He cannot
colour any cell more than once. He also counts points while colouring the cells. At first, he has
0 points. Every step, after colouring a cell c, he takes the largest possible set S that creates a
”+” sign where all cells are coloured and c lies in the centre. Then, he gets the size of set S as
points. After colouring the whole n × n board, what is the maximum possible amount of points
he can get?

– Higher Secondary

P1 Find all possible non-negative integer solution (x, y) of the following equation-

x! + 2y = z!

Note: x! = x · (x − 1)! and 0! = 1. For example, 5! = 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 = 120.

P2 Let a1 , a2 , · · · , an be a set of n real numbers whos sym equals S. It is known that each number
in the set is less than n−1 S
. Prove that for any three numbers ai , aj and ak in the set, ai + aj > ak .

P3 For any positive integer n, define f (n) to be the smallest positive integer that does not divide
n. For example, f (1) = 2, f (6) = 4. Prove that for any positive integer n, either f (f (n)) or
f (f (f (n))) must be equal to 2.

P4 Let ABCD be an isosceles trapezium inscribed in circle ω, such that AB||CD. Let P be a point
on the circle ω. Let H1 and H2 be the orthocenters of triangles P AD and P BC respectively.
Prove that the length of H1 H2 remains constant, when P varies on the circle.

P5 Consider an integrable function f : R → R such that af (a) + bf (b) = 0 when ab = 1. Find the
value of the following integration: Z ∞
f (x) dx
0

P6 Same as Secondary P8

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AoPS Community 2023 Bangladesh Mathematical Olympiad

P7 Let ∆ABC be an acute triangle and ω be its circumcircle. Perpendicular from A to BC intersects
BC at D and ω at K. Circle through A, D and tangent to BC at D intersect ω at E. AE intersects
BC at T . T K intersects ω at S. Assume, SD intersects ω at X. Prove that X is the reflection of
A with respect to the perpendicular bisector of BC.

P8 Same as Secondary P10

P9 Let ∆ABC be an acute angled triangle. D is a point on side BC such that AD bisects angle
∠BAC. A line l is tangent to the circumcircles of triangles ADB and ADC at point K and L,
respectively. Let M , N and P be its midpoints of BD, DC and KL, respectively. Prove that l is
tangent to the circumcircle of ∆M N P .

P10 Let all possible 2023-degree real polynomials: P (x) = x2023 + a1 x2022 + a2 x2021 + · · · + a2022 x +
a2023 ,
where P (0) + P (1) = 0, and the polynomial has 2023 real roots r1 , r2 , · · · r2023 [not necessarily
distinct] so that 0 ≤ r1 , r2 , · · · r2023 ≤ 1. What is the maximum value of r1 · r2 · · · r2023 ?

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