Final Revision

Practice Sheet

Physics

Chapter-03: Force
 Analysis of Previous Years’ Board Questions from this Chapter:
2024
2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018
Board CQ M CQ M CQ M CQ M CQ M CQ M CQ M
C C C C C C C
a b c d Q a b c d Q a b c d Q a b c d Q a b c d Q a b c d Q a b c d Q
Dhaka 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 3
Rajshahi 1 2 2 1 1 4 1 2 3 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 3 2
Chattogram 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 3 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 2
Cumilla 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 3 2
Jashore 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 5 1 1 2 1 1 2
Barishal 2 1 1 1 3 1 1 2 2 1 1 3 1 1 1 4 2
Sylhet 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2
Dinajpur 1 3 1 3 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 2
Mymensingh 1 1 3 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2

MCQ Question & Solution

Which of the following is correct?

(a) i, ii (b) i, iii (c) ii, iii (d) i, ii, iii
05. How far does the strong nuclear force act? [SB’24]
01. What will be the momentum of car of mass 1500 kg
(a) 1018 m (b) 1015m (c) 10−18 m (d) 10−15 m
moving with velocity 72 kmh−1? [DB’24]
5 −1 4 −1
Answer the next two question in light of the
(a) 1.08 × 10 kgms (b) 3 × 10 kgms
following stem:
(c) 300 kgms−1 (d) 75 kgms−1
Two objects of mass P=6 kg and Q=3 kg collide in
02. Motion of rocket is an example of what? [Ctg.B’24]
the same straight line. Their velocities before
(a) Law of conservation of momentum
collision are 8ms−1 and 10ms−1 respectively.
(b) Newton's second law
(c) Law of motion (d) Newton's first law 06. What is the combined velocity of the two objects?
Observe the following [JB’24]
figure and answer the (a) 2 ms−1 (b) 6 ms−1 (c)8.76 ms−1 (d) 26 ms−1
next two questions: 07. In which direction will the combined objects be oriented?
[JB’24]
03. What type of force is action on the tire? [Ctg.B’24]
(a) Along P object (b) Along Q object
(a) Equivalent force (b) Inequivalent force
(c) Opposite to each other (d) Will come to rest
(c) Resultant force (d) Fundamental force
04. If the rope is cut, the tire will gain - [Ctg.B’24] 08. At what angle does the coefficient of friction
(i) Action-reaction increase when an object is released from an inclined
(ii) Kinetic energy (iii) Acceleration plane? [RB’24]
(a) 30° (b) 40° (c) 50° (d) 60°

Answer Sheet
01. b 02. a 03. a 04. c 05. d 06. a 07. a 08. a

1
09. In case of force- [DB’24] 17. What is the numerical value of the gravitational
(i) Gravitational force is much weaker than constant? [CB’23, Ctg.B’22]
electromagnetic force 24
(ii) Gravitational force is weaker than weak nuclear
(a) 5.98 × 10 (b) 6.37 × 106
force (c) 6.67 × 10−11 (d) 1.6 × 10−24
(iii) Electromagnetic force is stronger than strong Answer next two question according to the
nuclear force stem below:
Which of the following is correct?
(a) i, ii (b) ii, iii (c) i, iii (d) i, ii, iii
10. What will be the momentum of car of mass 1500 kg
moving with velocity 72 kmh−1? [DB’24]
5 −1 4 −1 Time taken to fall from 500 cm is 4.12 s.
(a) 1.08 × 10 kgms (b) 3 × 10 kgms
(c) 300 kgms−1 (d) 75 kgms−1 18. In case of the stem- [SB’23]
Answer the next two question in light of the (i) Weight of the object will be 0.196 N
following stem: (ii) The body was traversing in uniform velocity
(iii) The object experienced fluid friction
Which one is correct?
In figure, OC = 12 cm and AF = 4 cm (a) i, ii (b) i, iii (c) ii, iii (d) i, ii, iii
11. Action reaction force– [BB’24] 19. What type of friction is in action while rowing a
(a) equal to each other boat? [SB’23; CB’23]
(b) acts for equal amount of time
(a) Rolling friction (b) Static friction
(c) applied on same object (d) direction is same
12. Which force acts in the proton and neutron of the (c) Fluid friction (d) Sliding friction
nucleus? [MB’24] 20. Acceleration due to gravity at a height equal to
(a) Electro-magnetic force (b) Gravitational force the radius of the earth- [Din.B’23]
(c) Weak nuclear force (d) Strong nuclear force (i) One-fourth of the acceleration due to
13. What kind of friction is created when a cricket ball
gravity on earth
rolls down a slope? [DB’23]
(a) static friction (b) dynamic friction (ii) Inversely proportional to the square of the
(c) rotational friction (d) fluid friction radius of earth
14. Which one is the weakest force? (iii) Depends on the height
[RB’23, Din’B’22] Which one is correct?
(a) Gravitational force (a) i, ii (b) i, iii (c) ii, iii (d) i, ii, iii
(b) Electromagnetic force 21. What is the amount of work done if 10 N force is
(c) Strong nuclear force (d) Weak nuclear force
applied on a car to travel 44 m on a circular track
15. When we get down from a moving vehicle, we fall
22
down because- [RB’23] of radius 7 m? [π = 7
] [MB’23]
(a) Inertia of rest (b) Inertia of motion (a) 0 joule (b) 4.4 joule
(c) Balanced force (d) Unbalanced force
(c) 10 joule (d) 70 joule
16. What will be the acceleration of an object of mass
20 kg when a force of 20 N is applied on it? 22. For how long does 100 N force needs to work for
[Ctg.B’23] the change of momentum to be 10 kgms−1?
(a) 400 ms−2 (b) 40 ms−2 (a) 0.1 second (b) 1 second [MB’23]
(c) 20 ms−2 (d) 1 ms−2 (c) 10 second (d) 90 second

Answer Sheet
09. a 10. b 11. b 12. d 13. c 14. a 15. b 16. d 17. c 18. b 19. c 20. d 21. a 22. a

2
23. How much stronger is the electromagnetic force
than the gravitational force? [DB’22]
(a) 1036 (b) 1039 (c) 1063 (d) 1093 31. [RB’19]
24. [BB’22]
What is the applied force?
Fig: Earth
(a) 0.3N (b) 1.8N (c) 2.4N (d) 3N
If the gravitational acceleration at points M, A, B,
D are g, g1 , g2 , g3 respectively- 32. Which of the following has more inertia if they
have equal volume? [RB’19]
(i) g > g1 (ii) g1 = g2 (iii) g > g3
(a) Iron (b) Gold (c) Ice (d) Silver
Which one is correct?
33. If Sumon falls on muddy road while walking,
(a) i, ii (b) i, iii (c) ii, iii (d) i, ii, iii
then, which type of friction is originated?
25. What will be the value and direction of the
effective acceleration on the object? [BB’22] [Ctg.B’19]
(a) Sliding (b) Rolling (c) Fluid (d) Static
34. If bullet is fired from gun- [SB’19, Ctg.B’15]
(i) direction momentum of bullet and rifle
(a) 5 ms−2 on the right (b) 4 ms−2 on the left becomes same
(c) 1 ms−2 on the right (d) 9 ms−2 on the left (ii) momentum of bullet and rifle is equal
26. What will be the change in momentum of a 50gm (iii) backward velocity of rifle is less than bullet
tennis ball which was thrown with 20 ms−1 Which one is correct?
velocity gets collided with wall and returns back (a) i, ii (b) i, iii (c) ii, iii (d) i, ii, iii
on the same direction? [RB’20] Answer next two questions according to the
−1 −1 stem below:
(a) 0 kgms (b) 1 kgms
(c) 2 kgms−1 (d) 20 kgms−1 22N force was applied on an object of 10 kg
27. 1500N force acts on an object of 10kg which was which was on rest for 10 s. the value of frictional
on rest for 0.15s. What will be the change in force of the surface on which the object was
momentum? [CB’20] moving is 2N.
(a) 100 kg ms−1 (b) 225 kg ms−1 35. What will be the velocity after 10 s? [BB’19]
(c) 10000 kg ms−1 (d) 15000 kg ms−1 −1
(a) 12 ms (b) 20 ms −1

28. If the velocity of any object becomes double, then (c) 22 ms−1 (d) 24 ms−1
what will be its change in momentum? [MB’20] 36. Which one is correct on the basis of above
(a) Remains unchanged (b) Becomes half information? [BB’19]
(c) Becomes 4 times (d) Becomes double (a) Kinetic energy of object is reduced with time
Answer next two questions according to the (b) Crossed distance on first 5 seconds is equal to
stem below: 4 kg
12ms 1 4ms 1
6 kg the crossed distance on next 5 seconds
A (c) Effective force on object is 24N.
B
29. What is the combined velocity of the objects? (d) Impulse of force is equal to the final
(a) 2.4 ms−1 (b) 7.2 ms−1 [DB’19] momentum of object
−1 37. Which one will happen if a drum rolls over a
(c) 24 ms (d) 72 ms−1
30. In which direction will the objects move after sloppy surface? [BB’19]
getting combined? [DB’19] (a) Rate of change of momentum will be same
(a) In direction of A (b) No type of friction force will be present
(b) In direction of B (c) Remains static (c) Acceleration will increase with time
(d) Each other on opposite direction (d) Force will decrease with time

Answer Sheet
23. a 24. b 25. c 26. c 27. b 28. d 29. a 30. a
31. d 32. b 33. a 34. c 35. c 36. b 37. a

3
38. What will happen if the tyre of car gets old? [CB’19]
(a) Car can be stopped at desired location
(b) Required reacting force is created
(c) Frictional force is reduced 44. Which one is the unit of momentum? [JB’22]
(d) Car goes ahead (a) kg m (b) kg ms−1
39. If the applied force on any object is constant then- (c) kg m2 s−1 (d) kg ms−2
[DB’17]
If momentum of object A is
(i) if mass is less, acceleration will be more 45. 30kg ms−1 then what will be
(ii) if mass is less, acceleration will be less
(iii) if mass is more, acceleration will be less mass of object A?
Which one is correct? (a) 0.02gm (b) 2gm (c) 20gm (d) 200gm
(a) ii (b) i, ii (c) i, iii (d) ii, iii Answer next two questions according to the
Answer next two questions according to the stem below:
stem below:
From a rifle of 5kg, a 20 gm bullet was thrown
with 500ms−1 velocity within 0.1s.
40. What is the recoil velocity of the rifle? [JB’17]
(a) −0.5 (b) −2 (c) 0.5 (d) 2 A & B collides with each other
41. In the above incident - [JB’17] 46. What is their combined velocity?
(i) impulse of force of bullet is 10Ns
(a) 0.8 ms−1 (b) 1.67 ms−1
(ii) initial velocity of rifle = final velocity of bullet
(iii) acting force of rifle on bullet is 100N (c) 16.7 ms−1 (d) 8 ms−1
Which one is correct? 47. In the mentioned incident-
(a) ii (b) iii (c) i, ii (d) i, iii (i) Objects will move together along direction of A
Answer the next question according to the (ii) Objects will move together along direction of B
stem below: (iii) Momentum is conserved but kinetic energy is
Matters A B C D not conserved
volume Which one is correct?
2500 2000 1500 1000 (a) i, ii (b) i, iii (c) ii, iii (d) i, ii, iii
(cm3 )
Answer the next two question in light of the
density
7800 8900 10500 19300 following stem:
(kgm−3 )
The displacement-time graph of an object of mass
42. If equal amount of force is allied on everyone in
5kg as follows:
rest condition, then- [BB’17]
(i) B will be more dynamic than A
(ii) C will be more dynamic than B
(iii) D will be more dynamic than C
Which one is correct?
(a) i, ii (b) ii, iii (c) i, iii (d) i, ii, iii 48. How much force is given to the object at part OA?
In the following picture, path of a car is shown. (a) 0N (b) 1N (c) 10N (d) 100N
Answer the question below from the picture: 49. In the incident of the stem–
(i) Force applied on AB part = 0N
(ii) Velocity at point B is 20 ms−1
(iii) Velocity at point A is double of the velocity
43. What is the value of resisting force in BC part on at point B
the car of 600kg? [SB’17] Which of the following is correct?
(a) 0 N (b) 100 N (c) 600 N (d) 1200 N (a) i, ii (b) i, iii (c) ii, iii (d) i, ii, iii

Answer Sheet
38. c 39. c 40. d 41. d 42. a 43. c
44. b 45. c 46. b 47. b 48. c 49. a

4
 55. If bullet is fired from a gun-
50. a =? (i) momentum of bullet and gun are opposite
(ii) momentum of bullet and gun are equal in
magnitude
(iii) backward velocity of gun is less than that
(a) 9.8 ms−2 (b) 4.9 ms−2
of bullet
(c) 1.96 ms−2 (d) 19.6 ms−2
Which one is correct?
51. Applicable for frictional force-
(a) i, ii (b) ii, iii (c) i, iii (d) i, ii, iii
(i) resists motion
56. When a bullet of mass 5 g is fired from a gun
(ii) the more the weight, the more this force
(iii) the smoother the surface, the more this of mass 1 kg, the gun acquires a recoil
force velocity of 2 ms−1 . What is the final velocity
Which one is correct? of the bullet?
(a) i, ii (b) ii, iii (c) i, iii (d) i, ii, iii (a) 0.4 ms−1 (b) 4 ms−1
52. If a bullet of 25g leaves a gun of 1 kg with a (c) 40 ms−1 (d) 400 ms−1
velocity of 200 ms−1 , then what is the 57. Indicates equilibrium of forces-
backward velocity of the gun?
(a) 0.5 ms−1 (b) 0.4 ms−1 (i) (ii) (iii)
(c) 5 ms−1 (d) 4 ms−1
53. Which of the followings is correct order of Which of the following is correct?
strength of force? (a) i, ii (b) ii, iii
(a) Weak nuclear force > gravitational force (c) i, iii (d) i, ii, iii
< strong nuclear force < electro-magnetic Answer the next two questions according to the
force stem:
(b) Gravitational force < weak nuclear force
< electro-magnetic force < strong nuclear
force
(c) Weak nuclear force < gravitational force
< electro-magnetic force < strong nuclear
force
(d) Gravitational force < weak nuclear force
< strong nuclear force < electro-magnetic u = 0 ms−1 ; F = 60 N
force 58. Acceleration of object, a =?
54. If bullet is fired from a gun- (a) 2 ms−2 (b) 1.5 ms−2 (c) 3 ms−2 (d) 4 ms−2
(i) momentum of bullet and gun are opposite 59. Mass of object, m =?
(ii) momentum of bullet and gun are equal in (a) 30 kg (b) 20 kg (c) 40 kg (d) 15 kg
magnitude 60. If the mass of a heavy object is twice than the mass
of a lighter object but their momentum is equal, then
(iii) backward velocity of gun is less than that
what’s the ratio of velocity of heavier and lighter
of bullet
object?
Which one is correct?
(a) 1: 2 (b) 2: 1 (c) 4: 1 (d) 1: 4
(a) i, ii (b) ii, iii (c) i, iii (d) i, ii, iii

Answer Sheet
50. b 51. a 52. c 53. b 54. d 55. b 56. d 57. b 58. b 59. c 60. a

5
61. Action -reaction forces- 66. A cannonball of 1.5 kg is fired with 200ms−1
(a) Act on same objects from a mass of 80 kg canon. What’s the
backward velocity of canon?
(b) follow Newton’s 2nd law
(a) 4 ms−1 (b) 3.75 ms−1
(c) Resultant is zero
(c) 0.375 ms−1 (d) 5 ms−1
(d) Act at 900 angle 67. According to Newton’s 2nd law-
62. Which friction is of maximum value? (a) Change of momentum inversely proportional
(a) static friction (b) Kinetic friction to applied force
(b) Change of momentum is directly proportional
(c) rolling friction (d) Fluid friction
to square of applied force
Answer the next two questions in light of (c) Change of momentum is in the opposite
the following stem: direction of the direction of acting force
(d) Change of momentum is in the same direction
A force of 15 N is applied to an object of mass
of the direction of acting force
8 kg in rest for 20 sec. 68. For which of the following reason, electron is
63. What’s the acceleration of the object? emitted from radioactive nucleus?
(a) 2 ms−2 (b) 1.4 ms−2 (a) Strong nuclear force
(b) Weak nuclear force
(c) 3 ms−2 (d) 1.875 ms−2
(c) Electromagnetic force
64. What’s the displacement of the object after 25 (d) Gravitational force
sec?
(a) 375 m (b) 1312.5 m 69. Electrons are released from radioactive
nuclei due to which?
(c) 562.5 m (d) 933 m
(d) Strong nuclear force (n) Weak nuclear
65. Which of the friction is of minimum value?
force
(a) Fluid friction (b) rolling friction (c) Electromagnetic force (f) Gravitational
(c) Kinetic friction (d) static friction force

Answer Sheet
61. c 62. a 63. d 64. c 65. b 66. b 67. d 68. a 69. b

Explanatory Solution to MCQ

06. Solution: (a);

01. Solution: (b);

We know, m1 u1 + m2 u2 = (m1 + m2 )V
v = 72 kmh−1 6×8+3×(−10)
⇒V= =
Momentum, = 72
km 6+3
−1
h 2 ms (along velocity of object P)
p = mv = 1500 × 20
= 72 ×
1000 m 08. Solution: (a); The value of the friction coefficient
= 3 × 104 kgms−1 3600 s
μ depends on cos θ. As the value of θ increases, the
= 20 ms−1 value of cos θ decreases. Hence, the value of μ will
be lower.

6
10. Solution: (b); 28. Solution: (d); Momentum, p = mv, p′ = mv ′
We know, v = 72 kmh −1
= m × 2v = 2mv = 2p
Momentum, = 72
km
29. Solution: (a); u1 = 12 ms−1 ; m1 = 4 kg
p = mv = 1500 × 20 h
1000 m u2 = −4 ms−1 ; m2 = 6 kg ; v =?
= 3 × 104 kgms−1 = 72 × 3600 s m1 u1 + m2 u2 = (m1 + m2 )v
= 20 ms−1 m1 u1 +m2 u2 (4×12)+6×(−4)
𝐧
11. 𝐒𝐨𝐥 : (b); Action-reaction forces are opposite to ∴v= m1 +m2
= 4+6
each other, acting on equal and different objects in =
48−24 24
= 10 = 2.4 ms −1
equal time. 10

15. Solution: (b); Like a moving vehicle, we are also 30. Solution: (a); As the combined velocity is
in motion and we fall down because of our positive, it will move in the direction of A
tendency to maintain that state of motion. 31. Solution: (d); Acceleration,
v−u 20−0
16. Solution: (d); Acceleration, a =
F
=
20
= 1 ms−2 a= t
= 10
= 2ms−1
m 20
18. Solution: (b); (i) W = mg = 20 × 10 −3
× 9.8 effective force, Fe = ma = (1.2 × 2) N = 2.4N,
= 0.196 N (ii) 5 = 0 × t +
1 2
at applied force, Fa = Fe + Ff
2
2×5 = (2.4 + 0.6) N = 3N
⇒ a = (4.12)2 = 0.59 ∴< a < g −mv
34. Solution: (c); mv + mV = 0 ⇒ V = M
19. Solution: (c); While swimming or rowing a boat, 35. Solution: (b); Applied force, F = 22N, frictional
work is done against fluid friction. Another
force, f = 2N, Mass, m = 10kg; Now, F − f =
example of fluid friction is coming down with the 22−2
help of parachute [RB’19, JB’15], passing of ma ∴ a = 10
ms −2 = 2ms−2; Initial velocity,
−1
marble through glycerin [Din.B’22], flying birds u = 0 ms ; Time; t = 10s; Final velocity, v =
[Din.B’19] etc. u + at = 0 + 2 × 10ms −1 = 20ms −1
21. Solution: (a); circumference of circular path = 2πr 39. Solution: (c); F = ma = constant or, a ∝
1
22 m
= (2 × 7
× 7) m = 44 m 40. Solution: (d); 5 × V + 20 × 10−3 × 500 = 0
∴ acceleration of the car, s = 0 m V = −2, ∴ recoil velocity 2ms−1
Amount of work done, W = Fs = (10 × 0) J = 0 J 41. Solution: (d); Impulse of force = change in
22. Solution: (a); Change in momentum = impulse momentum = 500 × 20 × 10−3
10
of force ⇒ 10 = 100 × t ⇒ 100 s = 0.1 s initial velocity of rifle = 0 ≠ final velocity of
24. Solution: (b); Gravitational acceleration on 20×10−3
bullet. F = 500 × 0.1
= 100 N
Earth's surface is greater than both outside and
42. Solution: (a); ma = 2500 × 10−6 × 7800 = 19.5kg
inside of Earth. Again, the gravitational
acceleration is greatest at the polar regions on mb = 2000 × 10−6 × 8900 = 17.8kg
Earth's surface. mc = 1500 × 10−6 × 10500 = 15.75kg
100−80 md = 1000 × 10−6 × 19300 = 19.3kg
25. Solution: (c); Acceleration = 20
= 1 ms−2
ma > md > mb > mc So, aa < ad < ab < ac
and on the right. 5−10
26. Solution: (c); Δp = mv − m(−v) = 2mv 43. Solution: (c); a = 30−25 = −1ms−1

=2×
50
× 20 = 2 kg ms−1 Resisting force = 600 × 1 = 600
1000
F 1500
27. Solution: (b); Acceleration a = m = 10
= 150 ms−2 ; Final velocity,
v = u + at = 0 + 150 × 0.15 = 22.5 ms−1 44. Solution: (b); Unit of momentum = kg ms−1
change of Momentum
= m(v − u) = 10(22.5 − 0) = 225 kgms−1
45. Solution: (c); p = mv
Alternative: Change of momentum = force × p 30
⇒ m = v = 1.5×103 = 0.02kg = 20gm
time of action = 1500 × 0.15 = 225 kgms−1

7
46. Solution: (b); 5 × 25 + 10 × (−10) 57. Solution: (b); (i) Not in equilibrium. Although
25 5 −1
= (5 + 10) × v ⇒ v = = = 1.67 ms the F forces on two sides neutralizes each other,
15 3
47. Solution: (b) (i) 5 × 25 + 10 × (−10) but the weight w=mg of mass M acting
= (10 + 5)v downwards and there is no equal force opposite
⇒ v = 1.67 ms −1 [v is positive to it.
∴ it will move towards A ]
(ii) Kinetic energy before collision (ii) ; In this case the resultants are zero
1 1
= × 5 × 252 + × 10 × (−10)2 = 2062.5J
2 2 and in opposite direction, that’s why it is in
Kinetic energy after collision
1
equilibrium.
= × (10 + 5) × (1.67)2 = 20.833J
2
Kinetic energy is not conserved (iii) ; The resultant of two forces
1 1
48. Solution: (c); S = at ⇒ 100 = × a × 10
2 2
2 2
⇒ a = 2 ms −2 neutralizes the third force. This system indicates
F = ma = 5 × 2 = 10N equilibrium.
49. Solution: (a); Moves with uniform velocity at 1
58. Solution: (b); s = ut + 2 at 2
part AB,
1
∴ At part AB a = 0 ∴ F = m × 0 = 0N ⇒ 75 = 0 + 2 × a × 102 ⇒ a = 1.5 ms−2
Velocity at point A = Velocity at point B 59.
F 60
Solution: (c); m = a = 1.5 = 40 kg
∴ Velocity at point B = 0 + a × t = 0 + 2 × 10
= 20 ms−1 60. Solution: (a); M = 2m; Ph = Pl ⇒ Mvh = mvl
vh 1
50. Solution: (b); ⇒ 2mvh = m vl ⇒ = 2 ∴ vh : vl = 1: 2
vl
6×g−T = 6×a
61. Solution: (c); Action - reaction forces act on
T−2×g=2×a
different objects, follow Newton’s 3rd law,
g(6 − 2) = a(6 + 2)
6−2 act at 1800 angle
∴ a = 6+2 × 9.8 = 4.9 ms−2 F 15
−3
63. Solution: (d); a = m = = 1.875 ms −2
52. Solution: (c); Here, m = 25 × 10 kg, v = 8
1 2 1
200 ms−1 , M = 1 kg, V =? 64. Solution: (c) s1 = ut + 2
at = 0 + 2 × 1.875 ×
mv 25×10−3 ×200 202 = 375 m; v = u + at = 0 + 1.875 × 20 =
MV + mv = 0 ⇒ V = − M
=− 1
= −5 ms−1 ; Backward velocity = 5ms−1 37.5 ms −1 ; s2 = vt = 37.5 × 5 ∴ s2 = 187.5 m
56. Solution: (d); MV + mv = 0 ∴ s = s1 + s2 = 562.5 m
mv 1.5×200
−MV −{1×(−2)} 66. Solution: (b) v ′ = = = 3.75 ms −1
⇒v= m
= 5×10−3
= 400 ms−1 M 80

Knowledge Based Creative Questions & Sample Answers

02. What is called fundamental force? [Ctg.B’24]

Answer: Forces which are original or independent
that is, forces which are not derived from other
01. What is called non-contact force? [DB’24] forces or forms of other forces but are manifestations
Answer: A force acting between two objects of some form of these other forces are called
without any contact is called a non-contact force. fundamental forces.

8
03. What is called force? [Ctg.B’24; MB’23] 09. What is static inertia? [RB’22]
Answer: The thing which acts on a stationary object Answer: The property by which the object wants
to change it to motion or tries to do so or acts on a to maintain its state, that is, the stationery object
moving object to change its motion or attempts to do is at rest forever and the moving object wants to
so, is called force. remain in motion forever, that property is called
04. What is called momentum? [JB’24,22; CB’20] inertia.
Answer: The product of mass and velocity is called
momentum.
05. What is unbalanced force? [Ctg.B’23, JB’ 20]
10. Which property of the matter is the measure
Answer: If the resultant of forces is not 0 when
of inertia?
multiple forces are acting on a body, that is, the
Answer: The mass of the matter is the measure
body gains acceleration, then those forces that are
of inertia.
responsible for creating the acceleration are
11. Write Newton's first law of motion.
called unbalanced forces. Answer: A stationary object will remain at rest if
06. Write the law of conservation of momentum. no force is applied and an object in motion will
[Din.B’23, CB’22, JB’17] continue to move with uniform velocity.
Answer: If the resultant of external forces 12. What is fundamental force?
applied to a system is zero, the total momentum Answer: Forces that do not originate from any other
of the system is conserved. This is the law of force, but other forces are some forms of this force,
conservation of momentum. are called fundamental forces.
07. What is rolling friction? 13. Define frictional force.
Answer: When an object tries to move over another
[DB, Ctg.B’22; Din.B’20]
object or surface, the opposing force created by the
Answer: Friction acting when another object rolls or
contact surface of the two objects is called the
rotates on a surface is called rolling friction. frictional force.
08. Define equivalent force. [MB’24; JB’15] 14. What is the gravitational force?
Answer: If more than one force acts on an object, if Answer: The attraction of the earth on an object is
their magnitude is zero, then the acting forces are called force of gravity.
called equivalent forces.

Comprehension Based Creative Questions & Sample Answers

02. Why does the bowler take run up to ball in the game
of cricket? explain [Ctg.B’24]
01. Why is there are groves on the bottle cap? Answer: According to Newton's first law of
[DB’24] motion, static inertia acts on stationary objects and
Answer: As the bottle cap has groves, fingers and
kinetic inertia on moving objects. A bowler runs a
the groved part of the cap get stuck together while
short distance before bowling to gain momentum.
opening the cap. Because of that, the motion is
inhibited and friction force is created in the direction The bowler transfers this inertia to the ball while
opposite to the rotation of the pulley. But because of throwing the ball. As a result, the velocity of the ball
this frictional force, the opening of the cap becomes increases. Basically, the bowler take run up for
easier. So groves are kept on the bottle cap. balling to increase the speed of the ball.

9
03. Why do we slip on the muddy road? Explain and 07. Driving on asphalt roads is more convenient than
write. [SB’24; Ctg.B’20; CB’19] broken roads – explain. [Din.B’24]
Answer: While walking, the feet push the ground. Answer: If a vehicle's wheels get stuck on a broken
That is, the force is applied and according to Newton's road, the movement of the vehicle may be disrupted.
third law, our body is accelerated by an equal and Besides, water accumulation on broken roads or
small pebbles or crabs reduce road friction. So
opposite force. As a result we can walk. But, on muddy
driving is difficult. But on an asphalt road, the
roads the force cannot be applied as the friction is less.
friction with the tires is more and the rainwater
In this, no force is available to us as a reaction. Hence,
cannot seep into the road, making the road more
walking on muddy roads is inconvenient.
durable. Besides, due to greater frictional force,
04. Why does a cricket ball hit by a bat often become a
driving and braking is convenient.
six? [Din.B’24]
08. Why is the electromagnetic force stronger than the
Answer: When the cricket ball is hit by the bat,
weak nuclear force? [CB’24]
sometimes the direction of the ball's velocity is
Answer: The electromagnetic force is the force that
completely reversed so that the change in binds electrons to atoms and molecules and is
momentum is twice the original momentum. In this responsible for all the chemical reactions that occur
case, the bat and the ball are in contact for a very in the universe. It is much stronger than the force of
short time, so a lot of impact is generated. Due to gravity. The range of this force extends to infinity
which the ball is able to travel a greater distance. and due to this force the electrons bind to the
So it can be said that because the cricket bat nucleus to form atoms. The weak nucleus on the
produces a lot of hits, the ball often turns into a six. other hand is responsible for the radioactive decay
05. Explain the law of conservation of momentum. and fusion of hydrogen nuclei to form the helium
[DB’24] nucleus of the star. The range of action of this force
Answer: The sum of momentum of all moving is very short and due to this force many nuclei break
objects in a system remains unchanged when no up. The relative strengths of the electromagnetic
external force is applied. This is called the law of force and the weak nuclear force with respect to the
conservation of momentum. gravitational force are 1039 and 1030. Therefore, the
If more than one object is in motion and they are electromagnetic force is stronger than the weak
moving at different velocities, the objects may nuclear force.
collide and their velocities may change. However, if 09. Explain whether weight and mass of an object
no external force is applied, there is no change in can be equal. [RB’23]
the combined momentum. Answer: If acceleration due to gravity is 1 ms−2
06. Why does the wheel of a moving car slip when then weight and mass will be equal.
braking on a smooth road? [Din.B’24] Mass of an object is the total amount of materials
Answer: Frictional force is less on smooth roads. present which we express with kg. And the force
As a result, the vehicle's wheels may not be properly with which earth attracts an object is called
connected to the road. So the wheels of the car slip. acceleration due to gravity. Therefore, weight,
When braking, the inner disc of the car wheel is W = mg.
pressed by the 'pad'. As a result the rotation of the Here g is acceleration due to gravity. We know,
car wheel stops. But because of the low coefficient acceleration due to gravity decreases as we go up
of friction on smooth roads, the frictional force from and down the earth surface. So, if g decreases to
the road is less, so the car moves slightly forward 1 ms −2 then W = m. Otherwise, mass and weight
due to its inertia. That is, the wheel of the car slips. cannot be equal.

10
10. Why do cars move a bit forward before 14. Action and reaction forces always act on
stopping even after breaking? Explain. different objects – explain. [BB’19]
[Ctg.B’23] Answer: According to Newton's third law of
Answer: The reason due to which a car in motion motion, when one object exerts a force on another
moves forward before stopping even after
object, that object also exerts a force on the first
breaking is inertia of motion. The tendency to
object.
maintain a moving object’s motion is called
inertia of motion. Now, even after breaking If both the action and reaction forces act on an
inertia wants to keep that moving car in motion. object simultaneously, then the net force on the
That’s why it moves a forward before stopping. object would be zero. Consequently, no force
11. Why is the weight of an object zero at the could be applied to an object because the reaction
center of the earth? Explain. [MB’23] force would always cancel the force. If action and
Answer: The force with which earth is attracting reaction act on different objects, the forces do not
any object towards its center is called its weight. cancel out each other. So, action and reaction
Weight of an object at any place is proportional
forces always act on different objects.
to the acceleration due to gravity of that place.
The lower we go from the surface of the earth that
is towards the center, the less its acceleration due
to gravity becomes and at the center of the earth
it becomes zero. That’s why, weight of an object 15. Why does the glass of a window shatter in pieces when
at the center of the earth is zero. we throw stone into it?
12. Mass is a measure of inertia-Explain. [DB’22] Answer: The glass of a window shatters when a stone
Answer: Inertia is the tendency of stationary is thrown as the momentum of the stone spreads
objects to remain at rest and of moving objects to through the glass.
remain in motion. The equation derived from In general, when an object with high momentum is
Newton's second law, F=ma, shows that for a thrown into a solid surface, only the area hit with
given applied force, the acceleration of the should be broken. But it does not occur in the case of
heavier object will be less, as a result, the change stone being thrown into glass. Because momentum of
in velocity will be less. That is, there is a greater the stone spreads through the whole area of glass in
tendency to want to maintain one's original state. this case. That is, since the duration of collision is
Conversely, with the same force applied, the more and momentum of stone is less, glass of window
change in velocity of the lighter object will be shatters in pieces.
greater, i.e., the tendency to maintain the original 16. Explain what is inertia and its types.
state will be less. That is why mass is the Answer: The tendency or property of an object to
measurement of inertia. remain in its own state forever is called inertia.
13. Why do astronauts fly in space? Explain. Inertia is of two types. Namely- (i) Inertia of rest:
[RB’22] The tendency or property of static objects to remain
Answer: The spaceship in space orbits the Earth
stationary forever. (ii) Inertia of motion: The
in a circular orbit at a certain altitude. For this
tendency or property of a moving object to remain
circular motion, the spaceship experiences a
in motion forever.
centripetal acceleration at that altitude towards
17. Explain the types of fundamental forces.
the center of the Earth, whose value is equal to g
at that altitude. Again, acceleration g in opposite Answer: A force which is not derived from any
direction exists due to centripetal force. As a other force is called a fundamental force.
result, resultant acceleration = 𝑔 − 𝑔 = 0. For Fundamental force are of 4 types. Namely-
this reason, astronauts do not apply any force on (i) Gravitational Force, (ii) Electromagnetic Force,
the spacecraft and feel weightless. (ii) Weak Nuclear Force, (iv) Strong Nuclear Force.

11
18. The momentum of an object is 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝐤𝐠𝐦𝐬−𝟏 , 20. Friction is a necessary evil- explain.
what do you mean by it?
Answer: When one object tries to move over
Answer: The product of mass and velocity of an
object is called momentum. another object, the resistance to motion created by
the contact surface of the two objects is called
Momentum, p = mv Here,
m = mass of object friction.
v =velocity of object
The momentum of object is 100 kgms −1 means Friction creates unnecessary heat, wasting energy
that, an object of mass 1 kg is moving at 100 ms −1. and consuming extra fuel. Again, due to friction,
19. Acceleration due to gravity is 𝟗. 𝟖 𝐦𝐬−𝟐, what we can walk, drive a car on the road, descend safely
do you mean by it? with a parachute, write with a pencil on paper, etc.
Answer: Acceleration due to gravity is the rate of So even though friction is considered an evil, we
increase in velocity of a freely falling body due to have to accept that it is a very necessary evil for our
the force of gravity.
lives.
Acceleration due to gravity of 9.8 ms −2 refers to
the acceleration of a freely falling object by
9.8 ms−2 per second due to the force of gravity.

Application & Higher Ability Based CQ Question

01. Two parallel cars are moving 200 m apart with velocities of 15 ms−1 and 20 ms−1 and collide after a certain time.
[Din.B’24]
(c) After what time did they collide?
02. A person applies a force of 10 N for 10 s to drop an object of mass 2 kg from a fixed position into a box 584 m
away. The frictional force on the path is 3N. [CB’24]
(c) Determine the coefficient of friction of the path on the object.
(d) Whether the purpose of that person will be successful – mathematically analyze and give an opinion.

03. [RB’23]

[After collision the objects travel with same velocity]

(c) Calculate the combined velocity of the object. 3
(d) Which of the momentum and kinetic energy is conserved in the aforementioned scenario?
Analyze mathematically. 4

12
04. Observe the figure and answer the following question: [CB’24]

frictional force is 5 N, measurement error is 2%

d. If the applied force is removed after it has traveled 40 m, after what total time will the object come to
rest? Analyze mathematically.

05. [SB’23]

(c) Calculate the friction force on object 𝐏. 3

(d) Compare the acceleration of object P while falling to the ground and the gravitational
acceleration.
06. When force was applied on a toy car of weight 3.92 N on a surface with friction it started traveling
with 𝟎. 𝟓 𝐦𝐬 −𝟐 acceleration. Magnitude of frictional force is 0.5 N. [MB’23]
(c) Determine the applied force on the car.
(d) What will change in acceleration in case of frictional surface and frictionless surface? Analyze
mathematically.

07. [Din.B’20]
m 5 kg

M
P
7 kg
(d) Describe the effect of force applied by P on M in fig-1.

08. A bullet of mass 15 g is fired from a gun of mass 3 kg with a velocity of 250 ms −1 and comes to rest after entering 10
cm an iron plate.
(c) Find the recoil velocity of the gun.
(d) Determine the force exerted by the iron bar and the time required for the bullet to travel that distance.
09. Two balls of equal mass are 100 m apart from each other with velocities of 10 ms −1 and 15 ms −1 .
After a certain time, the two balls collided. After the collision, the two balls move together.
(c) After how much time did they collide?
(d) What is the combined velocity of the two balls?
10. A paratrooper jumps from a height of 500 m from the ground. After descending to 100 m the parachute opened to
exploit the wind resistance. He came to rest within 3s of landing on the ground. [Air resistance is 2.8 N and
gravitational acceleration is 9.8 ms −2, mass of paratrooper is 60 kg]
(c) How long did it take him to land?
(d) How much push did he experience to come to rest after landing?

13
11. A fixed object of mass 50 kg is moved along a road with a force of 50 N for 1 min. The frictional force on the
road is 10N.
(c) Determine the acceleration of the object.
(d) If the friction force on the road is one-fourth, what will be the change in the distance traveled by the object
compared to before? Give mathematical explanation.

12. A force of 49 N is applied to a toy car, causing it to move on a frictional floor with an acceleration of 0.5 ms −2.
The frictional force is 1N.
(c) What will be the applied force?
(d) What is the change in acceleration on the frictional floor and on the frictionless floor?

Solution of Application & Higher Ability Based CQ Question

01. c.

Let, the two cars collide after t time. At time t the acceleration of the car moving at 15 ms −1 is 15 t and at
20 ms −1 the acceleration of the car is 20 t. As they collide, so, the total distance covered by the two cars is
200 m.
200
∴ 15 t + 20 t = 200 ⇒ t = = 5.714 s
35
∴ The two cars collides after 5.714 s time.

02. c. Given that,

Frictional force, Ff = 3 N; mass of object, m = 2 kg
If coefficient of kinetic friction of the path is μk , Ff = μk mg
3
⇒ 3 = μk × 2 × 9.8 ⇒ μk = 19.6 ∴ μk = 0.153
Therefore, the coefficient of kinetic friction of the path over the object is 0.153
d. Given that, applied force, Fa = 10 N ; frictional force of the path, Ff = 3 N; mass of object, m = 2 kg
In 1st 10 s time,
Effective force, Fe = Fa − Ff = (10 − 3) N = 7 N
Fe 7
Acceleration, a = = = 3.5 ms−2
m 2
1 1
Displacement, s = ut + 2 at 2 = 0 × 10 + 2 × 3.5 × (10)2 = 175 m [∵ u = 0]
After 10 s,
Effective force, Fe′ = −Ff = −3 N
F′e 3
acceleration, a′ = m
= − 2 ms −2 = −1.5 ms −2
initial velocity, u′ = at = (3.5 × 10) ms −1 = 35 ms−1
If the object stops after traveling a distance s ′ then final velocity, v ′ = 0 ms −1;
v′2 −u′2 02 −352
Displacement, s ′ = 2a′
= 2×(−1.5) m = 408.33 m
Total displacement, st = s + s ′ = (175 + 408.33) m = 583.33 m < 584 m
So, that person's purpose will not succeed.

14
03. c. Given, Initial velocities before collision, u1 = 50 kmh−1
And u2 = −65 kmh−1 [considering the velocity towards right as positive]
Masses are respectively, m1 = 950 kg and m2 = 700 kg
let, combined velocity = v
from law of conservation of momentum, m1 u1 + m2 u2 = m1 v + m2 v
950×50−700×65
⇒ v(m1 + m2 ) = m1 u1 + m2 u2 ⇒ v = 950+700
∴ v = 1.212 kmh−1 (Towards right)
−1
d. From ‘c’ we get, Combined velocity, v = 1.212 kmh
Momentum before collision,
p1 = m1 u1 + m2 u2 = 950 × 50 − 700 × 65 = 2000 kgms −1 (Towards right)
Momentum after collision,
p2 = (m1 + m2 )v = (950 + 700) × 1.212 = 2000 kgms−1 (Towards right)
∴ p1 = p2 ∴ So, momentum was conserved.
1 1 50×103
Kinetic energy before collision, K1 = 2 m1 u12 + 2 m2 u22 u1 = 50 kmh−1 = = 13.89 ms−1
3600
1 1 65×103
= × 950 × (13.89)2 + × 700 × (18.06)2 u2 = 65 kmh−1 = = 18.06 ms−1
2 2 3600
= 205800.0075 J v = 1.212 kmh−1
1
Kinetic energy after collision, K 2 = (m1 + m2 ) v 2 1.212×103
2 =
1 3600
= 2 (950 + 700) × (0.337)2 = 93.694 J = 0.337 ms−1
[∴ K1 ≠ K 2 ] ∴ Kinetic energy was not conserved.

04. d. In case of covering 40 m distance, initial velocity, u = 0 ms −1; final velocity, v = 10 ms −1;
displacement, s = 40 m; time, t1 =?
u+v s×2 40×2
We know, s = ( 2
) t1 ⇒ t1 = u+v = 0+10 = 8 s
After the applied force is removed, only the frictional force will act on the object, that is F = 5 N
F 5
∴ For this, deceleration, a = = = 2.5 ms −2; In this case, initial velocity, u = 10 ms −1;
m 2
final velocity will be, v = 0 ms −1
u−v 10−0
We know, v = u − at 2 ⇒ t 2 = a
= 2.5
= 4 s ∴ Total time, t = t1 + t 2 = (8 + 4) s = 12 s (Ans.)

05. c. Given, Coefficient of friction, μ = 0.2; Mass of the object, m = 2 kg

Friction force on object P = μmg = (0.2 × 2 × 9.8) N = 3.92 N
∴ Friction force on object P is 3.92 N.

d. From ‘c’ we get, Frictional force, f = μmg = 3.92 N

For object A, 66g − T1 = 66a … … … (i)
For object B, T2 − 30g = 30a … … … (ii)
Again,
For object P, T1 − T2 − f = 2a … … … (iii)
(i) + (ii) + (iii) ⇒
⇒ 36g − 3.92 = 98a
36×9.8−3.92
⇒ 98
⇒ a = 3.56 ms−2
∴ While falling to the ground, acceleration of P will be less than the acceleration due to gravity.

15
06. c. Given, Weight of the toy car, W = 3.92 N and acceleration, a = 0.5 ms−2
W 3.92
∴ Mass of the toy car, m = g
= 9.8
= 0.4 kg
∴ Effective force, Fe = ma = (0.4 × 0.5) N = 0.2 N
Frictional force, Ff = 0.5 N
∴ Applied force on the car, Fa = Fe + Ff = (0.2 + 0.5) N = 0.7 N (Ans.)
Since applied force and frictional force act opposite to each other, effective force, Fe = Fa − Ff

d. According to the stem, acceleration on a frictional surface, af = 0.5 ms−2

From ‘c’ we get, Applied force on the car, Fa = 0.7 N
and mass of the car, m = 0.4 kg
m 0.7
acceleration of a frictionless surface will be, afl = F = 0.4 ms−2 = 1.75 ms −2 > af
a

∴ Increase of acceleration on a frictionless surface = afl − af = (1.75 − 0.5) ms −2 = 1.25 ms −2

07. d. In the figure, the gravitational force (mg) on P is acting downwards and the tension of string (T) is
acting upwards. If the acceleration of the whole system occurs downwards,
∴ In case of P, mg − T = ma ⇒ 7g − T = 7a … … … (i) Here, mass of P, m = 7 kg
∴ In case of M, T = Ma ⇒ T = 5a … … … (ii) and mass of M, M = 5 kg
7g
From (i) and (ii), we get, 7g − 5a = 7a ⇒ a = 12 = 5.72 ms −2
∴ P gets an acceleration of 5.72 ms −2.

08. c. Given, Mass of the gun, M = 3 kg; mass of the bullet, m = 15 g = 0.015 kg
velocity of the bullet, v = 250 ms −1 ; Backward velocity of the gun, V′ =?
mv (0.015×250)
We know, MV ′ = mv ⇒ V ′ = = = 1.25 ms −1 (Ans. )
M 3
−1
d. Given, velocity of the bullet, u = 250 ms ; Distance crossed within the iron plate, s = 10 cm = 0.1 m
According to the question, final velocity of the bullet, v = 0 ms −1 ;
In case of retardation, v2 = u2 − 2as ⇒ 0 = 2502 − 2 × a × 0.1 ⇒ a = 3.125 × 105 ms−2 ; Here, mass of the
bullet, m = 15 g = 0.015 kg
We know, F = ma = 0.015 × 3.125 × 105 ∴ Resisting force, F = 4687.5 N
(u−v) (u−v)
Now, a = ⇒t= = 8 × 10−4 s
t a
∴ Resisting force is 4687.5 N and the bullet will take 8 × 10−4 s time to cover that distance.
u+v 250+0
Or, we know, s = t ⇒ 0.1 = t ⇒ t = 8 × 10−4 s ; the bullet will take 8 × 10−4 s time to cover that
2 2
distance.
(u−v) (250−0)
Now, a = = = 312500 ms −2 ; We know, F = ma = 0.015 × 3.125 × 105
t 8×10−4
∴ Resisting force, F = 4687.5 N

200
09. c. S1 + S2 = 100 ⇒ t(15 + 20) = 100 ∴ t = 35
s = 5.71 s
m(10−15)
d. According to law of conservation of energy, m1 u1 + m2 u2 = (m1 + m2 )v ⇒ v = 2m
−1 −1
∴ v = −2.5 ms (at 15 ms velocity towards the moving object)

16
 2h1 2×100
10. c. t1 = √ g
=√ 9.8
= 4.517 s; v1 = gt = 9.8 × 4.514 = 44.271 ms −1
Later on, due to wind resistance,
2.8
Fnet = Fg − Fair ⇒ anet = 9.8 − = 9.753 ms−2
60
1 9.753 2
h2 = v1 t 2 + 2 anet t 22 ⇒ 400 = 44.271 t 2 + 2
t2 ⇒ 4.8765 t 22 + 44.271 t 2 − 400 = 0
∴ t 2 = 5.591 s; T = t1 + t 2 = 4.517 + 5.591 = 10.108 s
c. Velocity when landing on the ground, v2 = anet × t 2 = 9.753 × 5.591 = 54.529 ms −1
Restoring force by the ground, Fres = m ⋅ a = Here,
v −0 t = 3s
60 × 2
t
54.529
= 60 ×
3
= 20 × 54.529
∴ Fres = 1090.58 N
11. c. We know,
F − fk = ma ⇒ a =
F−fk Here, applied force, F = 50 N ; frictional
m
50−10 force, fk = 10 N; mass of object,
⇒a= ⇒ a = 0.8 ms−2 (Ans.)
50 m = 50kg acceleration, a =?
d. From ‘c’ we get, effective acceleration of the object, a = 0.8 ms −2
If displacement is s in 1 min,
We know,
1
s = ut + 2 at 2 Here, initial velocity, u = 0 ms −1 ;
1 acceleration, a = 0.8 ms−2 ; time, t = 1 min =
⇒ s = 0 × 60 + × 0.8 × 602 = 1440 m
2 60s ; displacement, s =?
1 1
Now, if the friction force is one-fourth the new friction force, fk′ = fk × 4 = 10 × 4 N = 2.5 N [here, fk = 10N]
∴ New effective acceleration,
F−f′k 50−2.5 Here, applied force, F = 50N ; frictional force,
a′ = ⇒ a′ = = 0.95 ms−2
m 50
fk = 2.5N;
mass, m = 50 kg ; acceleration, a =?
∴ Covered distance by the object,
1
S ′ = ut + a′ t 2 Here, initial velocity, u = 0 ms −1
2
1 acceleration, a′ = 0.95 ms−2
⇒ s ′ = 0 × 60 + 2 × 0.95 × 602 = 1710 m
time, t = 60s ; displacement, s′ =?
′
Change of displacement = s − s = (1710 − 1440)m = 270m
That is, the frictional force being one-fourth, the object will travel a distance of 270 m more than before.
12. c. We know,
W 49 Here, frictional force, Fk = 1 N ; mass of car, W = 49 N;
W = mg ⇒ m = g = 9.8 = 5 kg
Acceleration of car, a = 0.5 ms −2 ;
Again, F − Fk = ma
acceleration due to gravity, g = 9.8 ms−2
⇒ F = ma + Fk = 5 × 0.5 + 1 = 3.5 N
Applied force on car, F =?

d. Let, acceleration under frictionless From ‘c’ we get,

conditions = a′ Mass of car, m = 5kg ;
In frictionless condition, applied force on car, F = 3.5 N; frictional force, Fk = 1N;
F 3.5
′ ′
F = ma ⇒ a = = = 0.7 ms −2 Acceleration with friction, a = 0.5ms−2
m 5
Therefore, the acceleration of the car on the floor under
frictionless conditions will increase by 0.2ms−2.
∴ Variation of acceleration on the floor with and without friction = (0.7 − 0.5) = 0.2 ms−2

17