SQL Server Functions
1. Cast Function: CAST()
The cast function converts a data type into another data type.
Cast Function Example:
SELECT Cast(10 AS VARCHAR);
Output:
'10'
2. Coalesce Function: COALESCE()
The coalesce function returns the first non-null value from a list of
expressions.
Coalesce Function Example:
SELECT COALESCE(NULL,'value2','value3');
Output:
'value2'
3. Is Null Function: ISNULL()
The is null function checks if an expression is null; if it is, it returns a
replacement value.
Is Null Function Example:
SELECT Isnull('value','null');
Output:
'value'
4. If Null Function: IFNULL()
The if null function is similar to the is null function, but the arguments are
reversed.
If Null Function Example:
SELECT Ifnull('value','null');
Output:
'value'
5. NVL Function: NVL()
The NVL function replaces null values with a specified default value.
NVL Function Example:
SELECT Nvl(NULL,'default value');
Output:
'default value'
6. Case Expression: CASE
The case expression performs conditional operations based on a specified
expression.
Case Expression Example:
SELECTCASE
WHEN1=1THEN'true'
ELSE'false'
END;
Output:
'true'
7. Convert Function: CONVERT()
The convert function converts a value into a specified data type.
Convert Function Example:
SELECT CONVERT(VARCHAR,10);
Output:
'10'
8. Split Function: STRING_SPLIT()
The split function splits a string into a table of substrings.
Split Function Example:
SELECT *
FROM String_split('apple,banana,cherry',',');
Output:
apple banana cherry
9. Random Function: RAND()
The random function generates a random number between 0 and 1.
Random Function Example:
SELECT Rand();
Output:
0.7750247322012854
10. If Function: IF()
The if function performs a conditional operation based on a specified
expression.
If Function Example:
SELECT IF(1=1,'true','false');
Output:
'True'
11. Mid Function: MID()
The mid function extracts a substring from a string, starting at a specified
position and with a specified length.
Mid Function Example:
SELECTMid('apple',2,3);
Output:
'ppl'
SQL Date Functions
12. Date Add Function: DATEADD()
The date add function adds a specified number of intervals (such as days,
months, or years) to a date.
Date Add Function Example:
SELECT Dateadd(day,7,'2023-05-05');
Output:
'2023-05-12'
13. Date Format Function: DATE_FORMAT()
The date format function reformats a date value into a string with a specified
format.
Date Format Example:
SELECT Date_format('2023-05-05','%m/%d/%Y');
Output:
'05/05/2023'
14. Date Part Function: DATEPART()
The date part function extracts a specified part of a date, such as year, month,
or day.
Date Part Example:
SELECT Datepart(year,'2023-05-05');
Output:
2023
15. Day of the Week Function: DAYOFWEEK()
The day of the week function returns the day of the week for a given date.
Day of the Week Example:
SELECT Dayofweek('2023-05-05');
Output:
16. Week Function: WEEK()
The week function returns the week number for a given date.
Week Function Example:
SELECT Week('2023-05-05');
Output:
18
17. Weekday Function: WEEKDAY()
The weekday function returns the weekday index for a given date.
Weekday Function Example:
SELECT Weekday('2023-05-05');
Output:
18. Year Function: YEAR()
The year function extracts the year from a date value.
Year Function Example:
SELECT Year('2023-05-05');
Output:
2023
SQL String Functions
19. Length Function: LEN()
The length function is used to return the length of a string.
Length Function Example:
SELECT Len('banana');
Output:
20. Left Function: LEFT()
The left function extracts a specified number of characters from the beginning
of a string.
Left Function Example:
SELECT LEFT('banana',3);
Output:
'ban'
21. Right Function: RIGHT()
The right function extracts a specified number of characters from the end of a
string.
Right Function Example:
SELECTRIGHT('banana',3);
Output:
'ana'
22. Trim Function: TRIM()
The trim function removes leading and trailing spaces from a string.
Trim Function Example:
SELECTTrim(' banana ');
Output:
'banana'
23. Ascii Function: ASCII()
The ascii function returns the ASCII code value for a specified character.
Ascii Function Example:
SELECTAscii('A');
Output:
65
24. Concatenate Function: CONCAT()
The concatenate function links two or more strings together.
Concat Function Example:
SELECT Concat('apple','banana','cherry');
Output:
'applebananacherry'
25. Format Function: FORMAT()
The format function reformats a value into a specified string format.
Format Function Example:
SELECT Format(12345.6789,'#,##0.00');
Output:
12,345.68
26. Replace Function: REPLACE()
The replace function replaces a specified string with another string in a given
expression.
Replace Function Example:
SELECT Replace('banana','a','e');
Output:
Benene
27. Substring Function: SUBSTRING()
The SUBSTRING function extracts a substring from a given string.
Substring Function Example:
SELECTSubstring('banana',2,3);
Output:
'nan'
28. In String Function: INSTR()
The in string function finds the position of a specified substring within a string.
In String Function Example:
SELECTInstr('banana','a');
Output:
29. Stuff Function: STUFF()
The stuff function replaces a substring within a string with another substring.
Stuff Function Example:
SELECTStuff('banana',2,3,'oro');
Output:
'borona'
