ASSIGNMENT-1

1) Explain the code behind a class in ASP .Net.

• In ASP.NET, the "code-behind" is a separate file where server-side code (like C# or VB.Net) is
written. It is used to handle the logic and events of a webpage.

• The code-behind file separates the presentation (HTML in the .aspx file) from the code,
ensuring a clean structure. This makes the application easier to maintain, as changes to the
design or the code can be made independently.

• The file usually has an extension such as .aspx.cs (for C#) or .aspx.vb (for VB.Net). The code-
behind is linked to the webpage using the "Page" directive in the .aspx file.

• It allows event-driven programming by handling events like button clicks, form submissions,
and page load actions.

• With code-behind, multiple developers can work on the same page simultaneously – one on
the design and another on the logic.

2) What are the different types of files in ASP .Net?

• .aspx files: These contain the HTML markup and web controls that define the layout of a
webpage. It is where the user interface is created.

• .aspx.cs or .aspx.vb files: These are the code-behind files where server-side logic is
implemented. They handle events and perform tasks when a user interacts with the
webpage.

• .config files (like web.config): Used for configuring application settings such as database
connections, session management, and security configurations.

• .css files: These contain style rules for the visual appearance of the webpages, such as colors,
fonts, and layout.

• .js files: JavaScript files used for client-side scripting to add interactivity to the webpages.

• .resx files: Resource files that store localized content, such as strings, for different languages
or regions.

3) Write a short note on debugging.

• Debugging is the process of finding and fixing errors or bugs in a program.

• In ASP.NET, developers use tools like Visual Studio to set breakpoints, step through code, and
inspect variables to identify where things go wrong.

• It helps ensure the program runs as expected by locating and fixing logical errors, syntax
errors, and runtime errors.

• Debugging can involve checking the flow of code, validating inputs, and monitoring the
values of variables during execution.

• Tools like logging and exception handling also aid in debugging by providing error messages
and stack traces.
 • Debugging is a crucial step to ensure the reliability and correctness of the software before
deploying it.

4) Explain the ASP .Net lifecycle in detail.

• Page Request: When a user requests a page, the ASP.NET framework determines whether to
create a new instance of the page or serve it from the cache.

• Start: During this stage, ASP.NET initializes the page properties such as Request and
Response.

• Initialization: Controls on the page are initialized, but not yet populated with data.

• Load: All the controls on the page are loaded with data, including data from view state and
control state.

• Postback Event Handling: If the page is being posted back (submitted), any events (like
button clicks) are handled.

• Rendering: The page's output is generated as HTML and sent to the user's browser.

• Unload: The page is fully rendered, and server resources used by the page are cleaned up.

5) Explain HTML server controls.

• HTML server controls are standard HTML elements (like <input>, <button>, <form>) that can
run on the server.

• By setting the runat="server" attribute, these controls can be accessed and manipulated
through server-side code.

• They provide an easy way to use HTML elements while benefiting from server-side
capabilities such as handling events and setting properties.

• Common examples include <input type="text" runat="server">, <button runat="server">,

and <form runat="server">.

• These controls are useful for web forms that need server-side validation or data processing.

• They automatically maintain their state across postbacks, making them suitable for dynamic
web applications.

6) Explain static members and partial classes.

• Static Members: Static members belong to the class itself rather than any instance of the
class. They can be accessed using the class name, without creating an object. Static methods,
fields, and properties are shared across all instances.

• Partial Classes: A class can be split into multiple files using the partial keyword. This allows
different members of the class to be defined in separate files, which is useful for organizing
large projects or for code generation tools.

• Static members are often used for utility functions, while partial classes are used to separate
the generated code from the custom code.

• Both concepts help improve code organization and reusability in large applications.
7) Explain the control flow statements.

• Control flow statements are used to control the order in which code executes.

• Common examples include if, else, switch, for, while, and do-while.

• If-Else Statement: Allows conditional execution of code based on whether an expression

evaluates to true or false.

• Switch Statement: A cleaner way to handle multiple conditions, choosing a block of code to
execute based on a variable's value.

• For Loop: Iterates a specified number of times, suitable for fixed iteration scenarios.

• While Loop: Repeats code while a condition remains true, useful for indefinite loops.

• These statements are crucial for building logic into programs and guiding decision-making.

8) Write a short note on ArrayList.

• An ArrayList is a collection in .NET that can hold items of different data types.

• Unlike arrays, ArrayLists can change size dynamically; they grow as elements are added.

• It supports operations like adding, removing, and inserting elements.

• Common methods include Add(), Remove(), Insert(), and Contains().

• ArrayLists are part of the System.Collections namespace and are useful for handling lists
where the number of elements can change.

9) Explain loops with an example.

• Loops allow repeating a block of code multiple times.

• For Loop Example:

csharp

for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)

Console.WriteLine("Loop iteration: " + i);

o This loop will print "Loop iteration: 0" to "Loop iteration: 4".

• Loops like for, while, and do-while help automate repetitive tasks, such as iterating over
arrays or performing actions until a condition is met.
 ASSIGNMENT-2
1. What is the difference between a .aspx file and a .cs file? Explain with an example.

o .aspx File: Contains the HTML markup, design layout, and web controls used in the
webpage. It defines the user interface that users see in the browser.

o .cs File: Also known as the code-behind file, contains server-side code written in C#.
It handles events like button clicks and performs business logic.

o Example: In an ASP.NET web application, the .aspx file may have a button:

<asp:Button ID="Button1" runat="server" Text="Click Me" OnClick="Button1_Click"

/>

csharp

protected void Button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

Response.Write("Button clicked!");

o The .aspx defines what the button looks like, while the .cs file defines what happens
when the button is clicked.

2. What is a View State? Give the advantages and disadvantages of View State.

o View State: A technique used by ASP.NET to preserve the state of web controls
between page requests. It stores data in a hidden field on the page.

o Advantages:

▪ Simple to implement; does not require additional code to manage state.

▪ Automatically maintained by ASP.NET for each control.

▪ Good for storing small amounts of data on a single page.

o Disadvantages:

▪ Increases page size, as data is stored in the HTML of the page.

▪ Not suitable for storing large amounts of data.

▪ Data is stored in plain text and can be tampered with, although it is base64-
encoded.

▪ Slows down page load times if too much data is stored.

3. How can we use table tags? Explain with an example.

o The <table> tag in HTML is used to create tables for displaying data in a grid format.

o It consists of rows (<tr>), columns (<td> for data cells), and headers (<th>).

o Example:
 <table border="1">

<tr>

<th>Name</th>

<th>Age</th>

</tr>

<tr>

<td>John</td>

<td>25</td>

</tr>

<tr> <td>Jane</td>

<td>30</td>

</tr>

</table>

o This creates a table with two columns (Name and Age) and two data rows (John and
Jane).

4. Explain the web.config file.

o The web.config file is an XML file used for configuring ASP.NET web applications.

o It contains settings related to security, database connections, error handling, session

management, and custom configurations.

o It allows developers to change application settings without modifying the code.

o The file is hierarchical, meaning settings can be inherited from higher-level

configuration files.

o Example Settings:

<configuration>

<connectionStrings>

<add name="MyDB" connectionString="Data Source=.;Initial

Catalog=MyDatabase;Integrated Security=True" />

</connectionStrings>

<appSettings>

<add key="SiteName" value="MyWebsite" />

</appSettings>

</configuration>
5. Explain the global.asax file.

o The global.asax file, also known as the application file, contains code that responds
to application-level events.

o Events like Application_Start, Session_Start, Application_End, and Session_End can

be handled in this file.

o It allows developers to manage application-wide settings and behaviors.

o For example, logging errors, tracking sessions, or initializing application-wide

variables can be done in global.asax.

o It is not meant to contain UI elements; it only contains event-handling code.

6. Explain the TextBox web server control.

o The TextBox control in ASP.NET allows users to input text in web forms.

o It can be set to accept single-line, multi-line, or password-style input.

o Properties:

▪ Text: Gets or sets the content of the TextBox.

▪ TextMode: Specifies whether the text box is single-line, multi-line, or a

password field.

▪ MaxLength: Limits the number of characters a user can enter.

o Example:

html

Copy code

<asp:TextBox ID="txtName" runat="server" TextMode="SingleLine"></asp:TextBox>

7. Explain the CheckBoxList and RadioButtonList web server controls in ASP.NET.

o CheckBoxList:

▪ Displays a list of checkboxes where multiple options can be selected.

▪ Useful for scenarios where users can choose multiple answers.

▪ Items can be added statically in the markup or dynamically through code.

o RadioButtonList:

▪ Displays a list of radio buttons where only one option can be selected at a
time.

▪ Suitable for single-choice questions, like gender selection.

▪ Similar to CheckBoxList but allows only one selection at a time.

o Example:

html
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<asp:CheckBoxList ID="chkList" runat="server">

<asp:ListItem>Option 1</asp:ListItem>

<asp:ListItem>Option 2</asp:ListItem>

</asp:CheckBoxList>

<asp:RadioButtonList ID="rblList" runat="server">

<asp:ListItem>Male</asp:ListItem>

<asp:ListItem>Female</asp:ListItem>

</asp:RadioButtonList>

8. What is the use of AutoPostBack and Runat properties?

o AutoPostBack:

▪ When set to true, a web control causes the page to automatically post back
to the server when its value changes.

▪ It is used for immediate event handling, like updating other controls based
on a selection change.

o Runat="server":

▪ Indicates that the control should be processed on the server.

▪ Makes standard HTML elements into server controls that can interact with
server-side code.

o Together, they enable dynamic web page behaviors and server-side processing.

9. Write a short note on type conversion.

o Type conversion, or type casting, is the process of converting a value from one data
type to another.

o In .NET, there are two main types of conversions: implicit (automatically done by the
compiler) and explicit (requires casting).

o Implicit Conversion: Happens automatically, like from an int to a float because there
is no data loss.

o Explicit Conversion: Needs to be manually specified using casting, like from a float to
an int, which may result in data loss.

o Methods like Convert.ToInt32() or (int) can be used for explicit conversion.

10. Explain any two types of operators.

• Arithmetic Operators:
 o Used for basic mathematical operations like addition (+), subtraction (-),
multiplication (*), and division (/).

o Example: int result = 5 + 3; results in 8.

• Comparison Operators:

o Used to compare two values and return a Boolean (true or false).

o Examples include equal to (==), not equal to (!=), greater than (>), and less than (<).

o Useful for decision-making in control flow statements.

ASSIGNMENT-3
1) What are the advantages of ADO.NET?

• Disconnected Data Access: ADO.NET allows working with data without being constantly
connected to the database. Data can be fetched, modified, and updated later.

• Scalability: Since data is accessed in a disconnected manner, ADO.NET applications can

handle more users simultaneously.

• Interoperability: Works with different data sources, including SQL Server, Oracle, and XML.

• XML Integration: Supports working with XML data for data sharing and web services.

• Performance: Uses optimized data structures like DataSet and DataReader for efficient data
retrieval and manipulation.

• Security: Provides features like parameterized queries to protect against SQL injection
attacks.

2) Explain DataSet and DataReader.

• DataSet:

o Represents an in-memory database with multiple tables, rows, and columns.

o Can be used to work with data from different sources.

o Supports data manipulation, such as adding, editing, and deleting records.

o Allows disconnected data access and can store data for offline processing.

• DataReader:

o Provides a fast, forward-only, read-only way to retrieve data from the database.

o Requires an open database connection to fetch records.

o Suitable for quickly accessing data when you don't need to make changes.

• Key Difference: DataSet is suitable for disconnected scenarios, while DataReader is ideal for
high-performance data retrieval when the connection is kept open.
3) What is the difference between ADO.NET and ADO?

• ADO.NET:

o Uses a disconnected data architecture, meaning the data connection is closed after
data retrieval.

o Works with XML data easily and supports data sharing.

o Is specifically designed for .NET applications, making use of .NET languages like C#
and VB.NET.

• ADO (ActiveX Data Objects):

o Uses a connected data model, where a live connection to the database is

maintained.

o Does not have built-in support for XML and web services.

o Primarily used in older applications and based on COM (Component Object Model).

• Summary: ADO.NET is optimized for .NET environments, offers better performance with
disconnected data access, and supports modern data formats like XML.

4) Why is a stored procedure used in ADO.NET?

• Improved Performance: Stored procedures execute faster because they are precompiled and
optimized by the database.

• Security: They help protect against SQL injection attacks since parameters are used for data
input.

• Code Reusability: Stored procedures can be used across different applications, avoiding
repeated code.

• Ease of Maintenance: Changes to the procedure can be made in one place without
modifying the code in the application.

• Transaction Management: Easier to manage database transactions, such as commit and

rollback.

• Network Efficiency: Reduces the amount of data transferred between the application and
the database by running complex operations on the server.

5) What are the features of ADO.NET?

• Disconnected Architecture: Allows data to be fetched and worked on without maintaining a

constant connection to the database.

• Data Providers: Includes built-in data providers for different databases like SQL Server,
Oracle, OLE DB, and ODBC.

• Data Binding: Supports easy data binding to controls such as grids, dropdowns, and forms.

• Support for XML: Seamlessly integrates with XML for data manipulation and transfer.

• Scalability and Performance: Designed to be lightweight and efficient for handling large
datasets.
 • Integrated Security: Offers features for securing data access, like parameterized queries and
connection encryption.

6) Explain the steps to connect to a database from ASP.NET.

• Step 1: Create a Connection String: Define a connection string that includes the database
source, user credentials, and other parameters.

string connectionString = "Data Source=ServerName;Initial

Catalog=DatabaseName;Integrated Security=True;";

• Step 2: Establish the Connection: Use a SqlConnection object to open a connection to the
database.

SqlConnection connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString);

connection.Open();

• Step 3: Create a Command: Use a SqlCommand object to define a SQL query or stored
procedure.

SqlCommand command = new SqlCommand("SELECT * FROM Employees", connection);

• Step 4: Execute the Command: Execute the command using methods like ExecuteReader() or
ExecuteNonQuery().

SqlDataReader reader = command.ExecuteReader();

• Step 5: Process the Results: Use the data retrieved, for example, by looping through the
SqlDataReader object.

while (reader.Read())

Console.WriteLine(reader["EmployeeName"].ToString());

• Step 6: Close the Connection: Close the connection to release resources.

reader.Close();

connection.Close();