RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS XI-XII JEE | MHTCET | BOARDS

SETS
Introduction

A set is well defined class or collection of objects.

A set is often described in the following two ways.
(1) Roster method or Listing method : In this method a set is described by listing elements, separated by
commas, within braces {}. The set of vowels of English alphabet may be described as {a, e, i, o, u}.
(2) Set-builder method or Rule method : In this method, a set is described by a characterizing property
P(x) of its elements x. In such a case the set is described by {x : P(x) holds} or {x | P(x) holds}, which is read as ‘the
set of all x such that P(x) holds’. The symbol ‘|’ or ‘:’ is read as ‘such that’.
The set A  {0, 1, 4, 9, 16,....} can be written as A  {x 2 | x  Z} .
 Symbols
Symbol Meaning
 Implies
 Belongs to
AB A is a subset of B
 Implies and is implied by
 Does not belong to
s.t.(: or |) Such that
 For every
 There exists
iff If and only if
& And
a|b a is a divisor of b
N Set of natural numbers
I or Z Set of integers
R Set of real numbers
C Set of complex numbers
Q Set of rational numbers

Types of sets
(1) Null set or Empty set : The set which contains no element at all is called the null set. This set is sometimes
also called the ‘empty set’ or the ‘void set’. It is denoted by the symbol  or {}.
(2) Singleton set : A set consisting of a single element is called a singleton set. The set {5} is a singleton set.
(3) Finite set : A set is called a finite set if it is either void set or its elements can be listed (counted, labelled)
by natural number 1, 2, 3, … and the process of listing terminates at a certain natural number n (say).
Cardinal number of a finite set : The number n in the above definition is called the cardinal number or
order of a finite set A and is denoted by n(A) or O(A).
(4) Infinite set : A set whose elements cannot be listed by the natural numbers 1, 2, 3, …., n, for any natural
number n is called an infinite set.
(5) Equivalent set : Two finite sets A and B are equivalent if their cardinal numbers are same i.e. n(A) = n(B).
Example : A  {1, 3, 5, 7} ; B  {10, 12, 14, 16} are equivalent sets, [ O( A)  O(B)  4] .
(6) Equal set : Two sets A and B are said to be equal iff every element of A is an element of B and also every
element of B is an element of A. Symbolically, A = B if x  A  x  B.
Example : If A  {2, 3, 5, 6} and B  {6, 5, 3, 2} . Then A  B, because each element of A is an element of B and
vice-versa.
(7) Universal set : A set that contains all sets in a given context is called the universal set.
It should be noted that universal set is not unique. It may differ in problem to problem.

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(8) Power set : If S is any set, then the family of all the subsets of S is called the power set of S.
The power set of S is denoted by P(S). Symbolically, P(S) = {T : T  S}. Obviously  and S are both elements
of P(S).
Example : Let S = {a, b, c}, then P(S) = {  , {a}, {b}, {c}, {a, b}, {a, c}, {b, c}, {a, b, c}}.
Power set of a given set is always non-empty.
(9) Subsets (Set inclusion) : Let A and B be two sets. If every element of A is an element of B, then A is called a
subset of B.
If A is subset of B, we write A  B, which is read as “A is a subset of B” or “A is contained in B”.
Thus, A  B  a  A  a  B.

Proper and improper subsets : If A is a subset of B and A  B, then A is a proper subset of B. We write this
as A  B .
The null set  is subset of every set and every set is subset of itself, i.e.,   A and A A for every set A. They
are called improper subsets of A. Thus every non-empty set has two improper subsets. It should be noted
that  has only one subset  which is improper.

All other subsets of A are called its proper subsets. Thus, if A  B, A  B , A   , then A is said to be proper
subset of B.
Example : Let A  {1, 2} . Then A has  ; {1}, {2}, {1, 2} as its subsets out of which  and {1, 2} are improper and
{1} and {2} are proper subsets.

Venn-Euler diagrams

The combination of rectangles and circles are called Venn-Euler diagrams or simply
Venn-diagrams. U
If A and B are not equal but they have some common elements, then to represent A A
and B we draw two intersecting circles. Two disjoints sets are represented by two
non-intersecting circles.

Operations on sets

(1) Union of sets : Let A and B be two sets. The union of A and B is the set of all U
elements which are in set A or in B. We denote the union of A and B by A  B , AB
which is usually read as “A union B”.
Symbolically, A  B  {x : x  A or x  B}. A B

(2) Intersection of sets : Let A and B be two sets. The intersection of A and B is the U
set of all those elements that belong to both A and B.
AB
The intersection of A and B is denoted by A  B (read as “A intersection B”).
Thus, A  B = {x : x  A and x  B}. A B

(3) Disjoint sets : Two sets A and B are said to be disjoint, if A  B = . If A  B  , then A and B are said to
be non-intersecting or non-overlapping sets.
Example : Sets {1, 2}; {3, 4} are disjoint sets.
(4) Difference of sets : Let A and B be two sets. The difference of A and B written as A – B, is the set of all
those elements of A which do not belong to B.
U U
A–B B–A

A B A B

Thus, A – B = {x : x  A and x  B}
Similarly, the difference B  A is the set of all those elements of B that do not belong to A i.e.,
B  A  {x  B : x  A} .

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Example : Consider the sets A  {1, 2, 3} and B  {3, 4, 5} , then A  B  {1, 2}; B  A  {4, 5} .
(5) Symmetric difference of two sets : Let A and B be two sets. The symmetric difference of sets A and B is
the set ( A  B)  (B  A) and is denoted by AB . Thus, AB = (A  B)  (B  A)  {x : x  A  B} .
(6) Complement of a set : Let U be the universal set and let A be a set such that A  U. Then, the complement
of A with respect to U is denoted by A or Ac or C(A) or U – A and is defined the set of all those elements of
U which are not in A.
Thus, A = {x  U : x  A}. U
A
Clearly, x  A  x  A A
Example : Consider U  {1, 2,......, 10}
and A  {1, 3, 5, 7, 9} .
Then A  {2, 4, 6, 8, 10}

Some important results on number of elements in sets

If A, B and C are finite sets and U be the finite universal set, then (1) n(A  B) = n(A) + n(B) – n(A  B)
(2) n(A  B) = n(A) + n(B)  A, B are disjoint non-void sets.
(3) n(A – B) = n(A) – n(A  B) i.e., n(A – B) + n(A  B) = n(A)
(4) n(A  B) = Number of elements which belong to exactly one of A or B = n((A – B)  (B – A)) = n (A – B) +
n(B – A)
[ (A – B) and (B – A) are disjoint]
= n(A) – n(A  B) + n(B) – n(A  B) = n(A) + n(B) – 2n(A  B)
(5) n(A  B  C) = n(A) + n(B) + n(C) – n(A  B) – n(B  C) – n(A  C) + n(A  B  C)
(6) n (Number of elements in exactly two of the sets A, B, C) = n(A  B) + n(B  C) + n(C  A) – 3n(ABC)
(7) n(Number of elements in exactly one of the sets A, B, C) = n(A) + n(B) + n(C)
– 2n(A  B) – 2n(B  C) – 2n(A C) + 3n(A  B  C)
(8) n(A  B) = n(A  B) = n(U) – n(A  B)
(9) n(A  B) = n(A  B) = n(U) – n(A  B)

Laws of algebra of sets

(1) Idempotent laws : For any set A, we have

(i) A  A = A (ii) A  A = A
(2) Identity laws : For any set A, we have
(i) A   = A (ii) A  U = A
i.e.,  and U are identity elements for union and intersection respectively.
(3) Commutative laws : For any two sets A and B, we have
(i) A  B = B  A (ii) A  B = B  A (iii) AB  BA
i.e., union, intersection and symmetric difference of two sets are commutative.
(iv) A  B  B  A (v) A  B  B  A
i.e., difference and cartesian product of two sets are not commutative
(4) Associative laws : If A, B and C are any three sets, then
(i) (A  B)  C = A  (B  C) (ii) A  (B  C) = (A  B)  C
(iii) (AB)C  A(BC)
i.e., union, intersection and symmetric difference of two sets are associative.
(iv) ( A  B)  C  A  (B  C) (v) ( A  B)  C  A  (B  C)
i.e., difference and cartesian product of two sets are not associative.
(5) Distributive law : If A, B and C are any three sets, then
(i) A  (B  C) = (A  B)  (A  C) (ii) A  (B  C) = (A  B)  (A  C)

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i.e., union and intersection are distributive over intersection and union respectively.
(iii) A  (B  C)  (A  B)  (A  C) (iv) A  (B  C)  (A  B)  (A  C)
(v) A  (B  C)  (A  B)  (A  C)
(6) De-Morgan’s law : If A, B and C are any three sets, then
(i) (A  B) = A  B (ii) (A  B) = A  B
(iii) A – (B  C) = (A – B)  (A – C) (iv) A – (B  C) = (A – B)  (A – C)
(7) If A and B are any two sets, then
(i) A – B = A  B (ii) B – A = B  A
(iii) A – B = A  A  B =  (iv) (A – B)  B = A  B
(v) (A – B)  B =  (vi) A  B  B  A
(vii) (A – B)  (B – A) = (A  B) – (A  B)
(8) If A, B and C are any three sets, then
(i) A  (B – C) = (A  B) – (A  C) (ii) A  (B  C) = (A  B)  (A  C)

Cartesian product of sets

Cartesian product of sets : Let A and B be any two non-empty sets. The set of all ordered pairs (a, b) such
that a  A and b  B is called the cartesian product of the sets A and B and is denoted by A  B.
Thus, A × B = [(a, b) : a  A and b  B]
If A =  or B = , then we define A × B = .
Example : Let A = {a, b, c} and B = {p, q}.
Then A × B = {(a, p), (a, q), (b, p), (b, q), (c, p), (c, q)}
Also B × A = {(p, a), (p, b), (p, c), (q, a), (q, b), (q, c)}
Important theorems on cartesian product of sets :
Theorem 1 : For any three sets A, B, C
(i) A × (B  C) =(A × B)  (A × C) (ii) A × (B  C) =(A × B)  (A × C)
Theorem 2 : For any three sets A, B, C
A × (B – C) = (A × B) – (A × C)
Theorem 3 : If A and B are any two non-empty sets, then
A×B=B×AA=B
Theorem 4 : If A  B, then A × A  (A × B)  (B × A)
Theorem 5 : If A  B, then A × C  B × C for any set C.
Theorem 6 : If A  B and C  D, then A × C  B × D
Theorem 7 : For any sets A, B, C, D
(A × B)  (C  D) = (A  C) × (B  D)
Theorem 8 : For any three sets A, B, C
(i) A × (B  C) = (A × B)  (A × C) (ii) A × (B  C) = (A × B)  (A × C)

RELATIONS
Definition
Let A and B be two non-empty sets, then every subset of A × B defines a relation from A to B and every relation
from A to B is a subset of A × B.
Let R  A  B and (a, b)  R. Then we say that a is related to b by the relation R and write it as a R b . If (a, b)  R
, we write it as a R b .
(1) Total number of relations : Let A and B be two non-empty finite sets consisting of m and n elements
respectively. Then A × B consists of mn ordered pairs. So, total number of subset of A × B is 2mn. Since each
subset of A × B defines relation from A to B, so total number of relations from A to B is 2mn. Among these
2mn relations the void relation  and the universal relation A × B are trivial relations from A to B.

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(2) Domain and range of a relation : Let R be a relation from a set A to a set B. Then the set of all first
components or coordinates of the ordered pairs belonging to R is called the domain of R, while the set of
all second components or coordinates of the ordered pairs in R is called the range of R.
Thus, Dom (R) = {a : (a, b)  R} and Range (R) = {b : (a, b)  R}.

Inverse relation
Let A, B be two sets and let R be a relation from a set A to a set B. Then the inverse of R, denoted by R–1, is a
relation from B to A and is defined by R 1  {(b, a) : (a, b)  R}
Clearly (a, b)  R  (b, a)  R–1. Also, Dom (R) = Range (R 1 ) and Range (R) = Dom (R 1 )
Example : Let A = {a, b, c}, B = {1, 2, 3} and R = {(a, 1), (a, 3), (b, 3), (c, 3)}.
Then, (i) R–1 = {(1, a), (3, a), (3, b), (3, c)}
(ii) Dom (R) = {a, b, c} = Range (R 1 )
(iii) Range (R) = {1, 3} = Dom (R 1 )

Types of relations

(1) Reflexive relation : A relation R on a set A is said to be reflexive if every element of A is related to itself.
Thus, R is reflexive  (a, a)  R for all a  A.
Example : Let A = {1, 2, 3} and R = {(1, 1); (1, 3)}
Then R is not reflexive since 3  A but (3, 3)  R
A reflexive relation on A is not necessarily the identity relation on A.
The universal relation on a non-void set A is reflexive.
(2) Symmetric relation : A relation R on a set A is said to be a symmetric relation iff (a, b)  R  (b, a)  R
for all a, b  A
i.e., aRb  bRa for all a, b  A.
it should be noted that R is symmetric iff R 1  R
The identity and the universal relations on a non-void set are symmetric relations.
A reflexive relation on a set A is not necessarily symmetric.
(3) Anti-symmetric relation : Let A be any set. A relation R on set A is said to be an anti-symmetric relation
iff (a, b)  R and (b, a)  R  a = b for all a, b  A.
Thus, if a  b then a may be related to b or b may be related to a, but never both.
(4) Transitive relation : Let A be any set. A relation R on set A is said to be a transitive relation iff
(a, b)  R and (b, c)  R  (a, c)  R for all a, b, c  A i.e., aRb and bRc  aRc for all a, b, c  A.
Transitivity fails only when there exists a, b, c such that a R b, b R c but a R c .
Example : Consider the set A = {1, 2, 3} and the relations
R1  {(1, 2), (1, 3)} ; R 2 = {(1, 2)}; R 3 = {(1, 1)};
R 4 = {(1, 2), (2, 1), (1, 1)}
Then R 1 , R 2 , R 3 are transitive while R 4 is not transitive since in R4 , (2, 1)  R4 ; (1, 2)  R4 but (2, 2)  R4 .
The identity and the universal relations on a non-void sets are transitive.
(5) Identity relation : Let A be a set. Then the relation IA = {(a, a) : a  A} on A is called the identity relation
on A.
In other words, a relation IA on A is called the identity relation if every element of A is related to itself
only. Every identity relation will be reflexive, symmetric and transitive.
Example : On the set = {1, 2, 3}, R = {(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3)} is the identity relation on A .
It is interesting to note that every identity relation is reflexive but every reflexive relation need not be an
identity relation.
(6) Equivalence relation : A relation R on a set A is said to be an equivalence relation on A iff

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(i) It is reflexive i.e. (a, a)  R for all a  A

(ii) It is symmetric i.e. (a, b)  R  (b, a)  R, for all a, b  A
(iii) It is transitive i.e. (a, b)  R and (b, c)  R  (a, c)  R for all a, b, c  A.
Congruence modulo (m) : Let m be an arbitrary but fixed integer. Two integers a and b are said to be
congruence modulo m if a  b is divisible by m and we write a  b (mod m).
Thus a  b (mod m)  a  b is divisible by m. For example, 18  3 (mod 5) because 18 – 3 = 15 which is
divisible by 5. Similarly, 3  13 (mod 2) because 3 – 13 = –10 which is divisible by 2. But 25  2 (mod 4)
because 4 is not a divisor of 25 – 3 = 22.
The relation “Congruence modulo m” is an equivalence relation.

Equivalence classes of an equivalence relation

Let R be equivalence relation in A(  ) . Let a  A . Then the equivalence class of a, denoted by [a] or {a } is
defined as the set of all those points of A which are related to a under the relation R. Thus [a] = {x  A : x
R a}.
It is easy to see that
(1) b [a]  a [b]
(2) b [a]  [a]  [b]
(3) Two equivalence classes are either disjoint or identical.

Composition of relations
Let R and S be two relations from sets A to B and B to C respectively. Then we can define a relation SoR
from A to C such that (a, c)  SoR   b  B such that (a, b)  R and (b, c)  S.
This relation is called the composition of R and S.
For example, if A = {1, 2, 3}, B = {a, b, c, d}, C={p, q, r, s} be three sets such that R = {(1, a), (2, b), (1, c), (2,
d)} is a relation from A to B and S = {(a, s), (b, r), (c, r)} is a relation from B to C. Then SoR is a relation from
A to C given by SoR = {(1, s) (2, r) (1, r)}
In this case RoS does not exist.
In general RoS  SoR. Also (SoR)–1 = R–1oS–1.

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1. NUMBER SYSTEM
(i) Natural Numbers
The set of numbers {1, 2, 3, 4, ... } are called natural numbers, and is denoted by N.
i.e., N = {1, 2, 3, 4, ... }
(ii) Integers
The set of numbers {..., –3, –2, –1, 0, 1, 2, 3, ...} are called integers and the set is
denoted by I or Z.
Where we represent;
(a) Positive integers by I = {1, 2, 3, 4, ...} = Natural numbers.
(b) Negative integers by I = {..., –4, –3, –2, –1}
(c) Non-negative integers I0 (or N0 ) = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, ...} = Whole numbers
(d) Non-positive integers I0 = {..., –3, –2, –1, 0}
(iii) Rational Numbers
a
A number which can be written as , where a and b are integers, b  0 and H.C.F. of
b
a and b is 1, is called a rational number and their set is denoted by Q.
a
i.e., Q  such that a, b I and b  0 and H.C.F. of a, b is 1.
b
Note:
a
Every integer is a rational number as it could be written as Q = (where b = 1)
b
All recurring decimals are rational numbers.
1
e.g., Q  0.3333 ... 
3
Q = 0.9999... = 1

(iv) Irrational Numbers

Those values which neither terminate nor could be expressed as recurring decimals are
a
irrational numbers. (i.e., it can not be expressed as form), their set is denoted by
b
Qc ( i.e., complement of Q ).
1 3 1
e.g., 2,   2, , , 3, 1  3,  ,  ... etc.
2 2 3
(v) Real Numbers
The set which contain both rational and irrational are called real number and is denoted
by R.
i.e., R = Q  Qc
5 3 7 1 1 1
R = {... –2, –1, 0, 1, 2, 3, ..., , , , , , , ..., 2, 3,  , ... }
6 4 9 3 7 5
Note: As from above definitions;
N  I  Q  R, it could be shown that real numbers can be expressed on number line with respect to
origin as;

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–3 –2  2 –1 0 1 2 3
2
2. INTERVALS
The set of numbers between any two real numbers is called interval. The following are the types of
interval.
(i) Closed Interval:
[a, b] = {x : a  x  b}
(ii) Open Interval:
(a, b) or ]a, b[ = {x : a < x < b}
(iii) Semi open or semi closed interval:
[a, b[ or [a, b) = {x: a  x < b}
]a, b] or (a, b] = {x: a < x  b}

3. INEQUALITIES
The following are some very useful points to remember:
 a  b  either a < b or a = b
 a < b and b < c  a < c
 a < b  –a > –b i.e., inequality sign reverses if both sides are multiplied by a negative number
 a < b and c < d  a + c < b + d and a – d < b – c.  c  R
 a < b  ma < mb if m > 0 and ma > mb if m < 0
 0 < a < b  ar < br if r > 0 and ar > br if r < 0
 1
  a  a   2 for a > 0 and equality holds for a = 1
 
 1
  a  a   – 2 for a < 0 and equality holds for a = –1
 

4. THE ABSOLUTE VALUE OF A REAL NUMBER

The absolute value (or modulus) of a real number x (written |x|) is a non negative real number that
satisfies the conditions.
| x | = x if x 0
| x | = – x if x < 0
Example: | 2 | = 2, | –5 | = 5, | 0 | = 0
From the definition it follows that the relationship x  |x| holds for any x.
The properties of absolute values are
(i) the inequality | x |   means that –   x   ; if > 0
(ii) the inequality | x |   means that x   or x  –  ; if  > 0
(iii) | x  y|  |x| + |y| ;
(iv) | x  y|  | | x | – | y || ;
(v) |xy| = | x | | y | ;
x |x|
(vi) = (y  0).
y |y|
Illustration 1:
Determine the values of x satisfying the equality:
|(x2 + 4x + 9) + (2x –3)| = |x2 + 4x + 9| + |2x –3|;

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Solution :
The equality |a + b| = |a| + |b| is valid if and only if both summands have the same sign. Since
x2 + 4x + 9 = (x + 2)2 + 5 > 0 at any values of x, the equality is satisfied at those values of x at which 2x –
3  0, i.e., at x  3/2.

5. DEFINITION OF FUNCTION
Let A and B be two non-empty sets. Then a function ‘f ’ from set A to set B is a rule which associates
elements of set A to elements of set B such that
· An element of set A are associated to a unique element in set B.
· All elements of set A are associated to element in set B.
Terms such as “map” (or mapping), “correspondence” are used as synonyms for function. If f is a function
from a set A to set B, then we write f : A  B or A  f
 B. which is read as f is a function from A to B or
f maps A to B.
Example 1:
Let A = {2, 4, 6, 8} and B = {s, t, u, v, w} be two sets and let f1, f2, f3 and f4 be rules associating elements of
A to elements of B as shown in the following figures.
s f2 s
2 f1 t 2 t
4 u 4 u
6 v 6 v
8 w 8 w
f3 s f4 s
2 t 2
4 u 4 t
6 v u
w 6 v
8 8 w
Now see that f1 is not function from set A to set B, since there is an element 6  A which is not associated
to any element of B, but f2 and f3 are the function from A to B, because under f2 and f3 each elements in
A is associated to a unique element in B. But f4 is not function from A to B because an elements 8  A is
associated to two elements u and w in B.
Domain : Set A is called domain of f i.e. Set of those elements from which functions is to be defined.
Co-Domain : Here set B is called co-domain of function.
Range : Set of images of each element in A, is called range of f.
Note: Range  Co-domain
Real Valued Function :
All those functions of which domain and Co-Domain are subsets of R are called real valued
functions. In this case for a given function we have to find domain and Range.
Bounded Function :
A function is said to be bounded if | f (x) |  m , where m is a finite quantity.
Equality of two functions :
Two function f and g are said to be equal functions, if and only if
(i) domain of f = domain of g
(ii) co-domain of f = co-domain of g
(iii) f(x) = g(x)  x Î their domain
Example :
If A = {1, 2}, B = {10, 13}, f : A ® B, f(x) = x2 + 9 and g = A ® B, g(x) = 3x + 7,
then f = g because domains and co-domains of both f and g are same also
f(1) = 10 = g(1) ; f(2) = 13 = g(2)
Illustration 2:

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If f(x)
1 x
= , show that
f  x  .f x2  1
 .
1  f  x   2
2
1x
Solution :
2 1  x2 1  x2
f(x ) = 
1 x2
1  x 1  x 
1 x  1  x2 1  x2
1x  1 x 1x
   1  x 
2
f(x).f(x 2 )  1  x2 1
    
1  [f(x)]2 1  x  1  x   1  x  2  2x 2 2
2 2 2

1
1  x  1  x 
2 2

Illustration 3:
1x
If y = f(x) = , prove that x = f(y).
1 x
Solution :
1x
Given, y = f(x) = . . . (i)
1 x
1 x
1
Now, f(y) =
1y
= 1  x  1  x  1  x  2x  x
1 y 1 1 x 1 x 1 x 2
1 x

6. ALGEBRA OF FUNCTIONS
Given function f : D1  R and g : D2  R, we describe function f + g, f – g, fg and f/g as follows
f + g : D  R is a function defined by (f + g)(x) = f(x) + g(x),
f – g : D  R is a function defined by (f – g) (x) = f(x) – g(x)
fg : D  R is a function defined by (fg) (x) = f(x) g(x)
f f f x
: C  R is a function defined by ( ) (x) = , g(x)  0,
g g gx
where D = D1  D2 and C = {x  D : g (x)  0}
Illustration 4:
Find the domain of following functions
1 1
(i) f(x)  2sin x
 x 2 
log10  x  1
(ii) f(x) = sin-1 4  x2
(iii) f(x) = ln (– 2 + 3x – x2)
Solution :
(i) For f(x) to be defined – 1  x  1,
x  2  0 i.e., , x  2
x + 1 > 0 i.e., x > – 1 and
x + 1  1 i.e., x  0
so, domain of f : (– 1, 0)  (0, 1]
(ii) f(x) = sin-1 4  x2
for f(x) to be defined 0  4 – x2  1
x2 – 4  0 and x2 – 3  0

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x  [ – 2, 2] and x  (–  , - 3 ]   3, 
 
x   2,  3    3,2
   
so domain (f) : x   2,  3    3,2
   
(iii) f(x) = ln (–2 + 3x – x2)
for f(x) to be defined – 2 + 3x – x2 > 0
x2 – 3x + 2 < 0
(x – 1) (x – 2) < 0  x  (1, 2)
so domain (f) : x  (1, 2)
Illustration 5:
Find the range of the following functions:
1
(i) f(x) = (ii) f(x) = x2 - 7x + 5
8  3sin x
(iii) f(x) = log2 (log1/2 (x2 + 4x + 4))
Solution :
1
(i) f(x) = . We know that –1  sin x  1
8  3sin x
 1 1
 – 3  3 sin x  3  5  8 – 3 sin x  11  Range (f) =  , 
 11 5 
2
 7  29  29 
(ii) f(x) = x2 – 7x + 5  f(x) =  x     Range (f) =   ,  
 2 4  4 
(iii) f(x) = log2 (log1/2 (x2 + 4x + 4))
since 0 < log1/2 (x2 + 4x + 4) <   x Domain (f)
– < log2 (log1/2 (x2 + 4x + 4)) < 
Range (f) = (–  ,  )

7. COMPOSITE FUNCTION
Consider two functions
f : X  Y, g:Y  Z
one can define h : X  Z such that h(x) = g{f(x)}
Domain of gof (x) i.e. g{f(x)}
= {x : x  Dom f, f(x)  Dom g}
Domain of fog (x) i.e f g(x)
= {x : x  Dom g, g(x)  Dom f)

X f Y g Z

x
f(x)
g (f(x))
h h = gof

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Illustration 6:
1
If f(x) = x2 +1, g(x) = , then find (fog) (x) and (gof) (x).
x 1
Solution :
1
Ginve, f(x) = x2 + 1 .....(1) g(x) = .....(2)
x 1
 1  1
Now (fog) (x) = f(g(x)) = f   = f(z), where z =
 x 1  x 1
= z2 + 1 [ f(x)  x2  1]
2
 1  1
=  1  1
 x 1  (x  1)2
Note : Domain of fog(x) is
(gof) (x) = g(f(x)) = g(x2 + 1) = g(u), where u = x2 + 1
1 1 1
=  2  2
u 1 x 11 x
Note : Domain of gof(x) is x  R  {0}
Illustration 7:
2  x, if x  0
If f(x) =  , then find (fof) (x).
2  x, if x  0
Solution :
2  f (x), f (x)  0
(fof) (x) = f{f(x)} = 
2  f (x), f (x)  0
 2  2  x, 2  x  0 and x  0 4  x, x 0
2  (2  x), 2  x  0 and x  0  x, x 
 
= =
 2  2  x, 2  x  0 and x  0 4  x, x 0
2  (2  x), 2  x  0 and x  0 
 x, x 
4  x, x  0
Hence (fof) (x) = 
4  x, x  0

8. EVEN AND ODD FUNCTIONS :

If f : X  Y is a real valued function such that for all x  D  x  D (where D = domain of
f ) and if f(-x) = f(x) for every x  D then f is said to be an even function and if f(-x)= - f(x) then
f is said to be an odd function. Even functions are symmetric about the y-axis (i.e. if (x, y) lies on
the curve, then (-x, y) also lies on the curve, and odd functions are symmetric about the origin
(i.e. (x, y) lies on the curve, then (-x, -y) also lies on the curve.
Remarks
· Every function defined in symmetric interval D(i.e. x  D  x  D ) can be expressed as a
 f (x)  f (x)   f (x)  f (x) 
sum of an even and an odd function. f(x) =   .
 2   2 
 f (x)  f ( x)   f (x)  f ( x) 
Let h(x) =   and g(x) =   . It can now easily be shown that
 2   2 
h(x) is even and g(x) is odd.
 The first derivative of an even function is an odd function and vice - versa.

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 · If x  0, x  Domain of f, then for odd function f(x) which is continuous at x = 0, f(0) = 0,

i.e. if for a function f (0)  0 , then that function can not be odd. It follows that for a differentiable even
function f (0)  0 i.e. if for a differentiable function f (0)  0 then the function cannot be even.

Illustration 8:
Determine the nature of the following function for even and odd:
 ax  1 
(i) f(x) = log (x  x2  1) (ii) f(x) = x  
 a 1
x

Solution :
(i) f(x) = log (x  x2  1)  f(-x) = log ( x  x2  1)
 1 
= log   = log (x + x2  1 )–1
 x  x 1 
2

= –log (x + x2  1 ) = – f(x)
So, f(x) is an odd function
 ax  1 
(ii) We have f(x) = x  
 a 1
x

 1 
 ax  1   ax  1   1  ax   ax  1 
f(- x) = x   x    x  1    x    x  x   f x
 a 1 1a  a 1 
x
 x 1 
a 
Illustration 9:
If f is an even function defined in the interval (– 5, 5), find four real values of x satisfying the equation f(x)
 x 1
=f  .
 x 2
Solution :
Since f is an even function, f(- x) = f(x).
 x 1  x 1 x 1 x 1
Now f    f x     f  x    x or  x
 x 2  x 2 x 2 x 2
x2 + x – 1 = 0 or x2 + 3x + 1 = 0
1  5 3  5
x= or x = .
2 2

9. PERIODIC FUNCTION
Definition :
A function f(x) is said to be periodic function if, there exists a fixed positive real number T
independent of x, such that, f(x + T) = f(x)  x  Domain.
T is called one of the period of the function
In other words, a function is said to be periodic function if its each value is repeated after a
definite interval.
Here the least positive value of T is called the fundamental period of the function.
Clearly f(x) = f(x + T) = f(x + 2T) = f(x + 3T) = . . .

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For example :
(a) sin x, cos x, sec x and cosec x are periodic functions with period 2  .
(b) tan x and cot x are periodic functions with period  .
(c) |sinx|, |cosx|, |tanx|, |cotx|, |secx|, |cosecx| are periodic functions with period  .
(d) sinnx, cosnx, secnx, cosecnx are periodic functions with period 2  or  according as n is odd or
even.
(e) tannx and cotnx are periodic function with period  whether n is odd or even.
9.1 Properties of Periodic Function :
(i) If f(x) is periodic with period T, then
 a . f(x) is periodic with period T.
 f(x + c) is periodic with period T.
 f(x)  c is periodic with period T.
T
 · b f(ax + b) has period , i.e., period is affected only by coefficient of x where; a, b, c, are constants
|a|
with a, b  0.

(ii) If f(x), g(x) are periodic functions with periods T1, T2 respectively then; we have
h(x) = f(x) + g (x) has period as,
 LCM of {T1, T2}; if f(x) and g(x) can not be interchanged by adding a least positive number less than
the LCM of {T1, T2}.
 k; if f(x) and g(x) can be interchanged by adding a least positive number k (k < LCM of {T1, T2}).

(iii) A constant function is periodic but does not have a fundamental period.
(iv) If g is periodic then fog will always be a periodic function. Period of fog may or may not be
the period of g.
While taking LCM we should always remember,
 LCM of p and q always exist if p/q is a rational quantity.
 LCM of rational with rational is possible

Example :
 a c e  LCMof (a,c,e)
LCM of  , ,  
 b d f  HCFof (b,d,f )
Where a, b, c, d, e, f  I with b, d, f  0
 LCM of irrational with irrational is possible (but not always)
 But LCM of rational and irrational is not possible.

e.g., LCM of (2  , 1, 6  ) is not possible as 2  , 6  are irrational and 1 is rational.

Note : All periodic functions can be analyzed over an interval of one period within the domain as the
same pattern shall be repetitive over the entire domain.
Illustration 10:
Find the period of f(x) = |sin x| + | cos x|
Solution :
|sin x| has period , |cos x| has period
Hence, according to the rule of LCM, period of f(x) must be .
  
But |sin   x  | = |cosx| and |cos(  x)| = |sinx|
2  2

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 
Since,   , period of f(x) is
2 2
Illustration 11 :
If f(x) = sin x + cos ax is a periodic function, show that a is a rational number.
Solution :
2 2
Period of sin x = 2  = and period of cos ax =
1 a
2 2
Period of sin x + cosax = L.C.M of and
1 a
LC.M of 2 and 2 2
= = where  is the H.C.F. of 1 and a.
H.C.F. of 1 and a 
1 a
Since is the H.C.F of 1 and a, and should be both integers.
 
a
1 a n
Suppose = m and = n, then  = , where n, m  I
  1 m

n
i.e., a= .
m
Hence, a is rational number
Illustration 12 :
Let g(x) = x  | 2k |  2k  x  2(k  1) , where k  Integer , check whether g(x) is periodic
or not.
Solution :
g(x) = x  | 2k |  2k  x  2(k  1) , where k  Integer
 . .
 . .

 . .

 x2 2  x  0

 x 0x2
 g(x) = 
 x2 2x4

 x4 4x6
 . .

 . .
 .
 .
g is periodic with period = 2

10. CLASSIFICATION OF FUNCTION

The following are the kinds of function :
(i) One-One Function (Injective) :
If each element in the domain of a function has a distinct image in the co-domain the
function is said to be one-one function and is also known as Injective Function.

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e.g. f : R  R+ given by y = ex
g : R  R, g(x) = 3x – 7
are one - one functions.
or, f : A  B is one - one
a  b  f(a)  f(b) for all a, b  A
f(a) = f(b)  a = b for all a, b  A

(ii) Many-One Function :

If there are two or more than two elements of domain having the same image then f(x) is
called Many - One function.
e.g. f : R  R+ f(x) = x2 + 4
g: R  R+ g(x) = x8 + x4 +x2 + 4
Both functions are many one
If the graph of y = f(x) is given and the line parallel to x-axis cuts the curve at more than one point
then function is many one.
or, f : A  B is a many - one function if there exist x, y  A such that x  y but f(x) = f(y).
e.g y = sin x, y = cos x, y = tan x, y = x2, y = x4, . . . . . are many one functions.
(iii) Onto Function (Surjective) :
Let f : X  Y be a function. If each element in the co-domain Y has at least one pre-image
in the domain X i.e. Range f = Co domain, then f is called onto.
Onto function are also called surjective and if function be both one-one and onto then
function is called Bijective.
or, f : A  B is a surjection iff for each b  B  a  A such that f(a) = b .
e.g. If f : R+  R is defined by y = log2x, then f(x) is Onto function.
(iv) Into Function :
If there exist one or more than one element in the Co-domain Y which is not an image of
any element in the domain X. Then f is into.
In other words f : A  B is an into function if it is not an onto function.
e.g. Let f : R  R is defined by y = x2 + 1, then f(x) is an into function. But when
f : R  R+ is defined by y = x2 + 1, then f(x) is not into function.
Note :
dy
o > 0,  x in domain then f is One - One
If domain of f(x) is continuous and
dx
dy
o If domain of f(x) is continuous and < 0,  x in domain then f is One - One
dx

o If a continuous function f(x) which has either local minima or local maxima or both then
f(x) will be Many - One
o Every even function is Many - One
o Every periodic function is Many - One

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Number of Function :
Let X = {x1, x2, x3, .......... xn} (i.e. n elements)
and Y = {y1, y2, y3 ........... yr} (i.e. r elements)
(a) Total number of functions = rn = (Number of
elements in co-domain)number of elements in
domain
(b) Total number of one to one function =
 r Cn .n! r  n

 0 rn
r n  rCn .n! r  n
(c) Total number of many-one function = 
r
n
rn
(d) Total number of constant function = r
r n  rC1 (r  1)n  rC2(r  2)n  rC3(r  3)n  . . . r  n

(e) Total number of onto function =  r! rn
 0 rn

 r C (r  1)n  rC2(r  2)n  rC3(r  3)n  . . . r  n
(f) Total number of into function =  1
 rn rn
Illustration 13 :
If X = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} and Y = {a, b, c, d, e, f}and f : X ® Y, then find the total number of
(a) Functions (b) One to one function
(c) Many-one function (d) Constant function
(e) Onto function (f) Into function
Solution :
(a) Total number of functions = 65 = 7776
(b) Total number of one to one function = 6C5.5! = 6! = 720
(c) Total number of many-one function = 65 – 6! = 7056
(d) Total number of constant function = 6
(e) Total number of onto function = 0 (as r > n)
(f) Total number of into function = 65 = 7776
Illustration 14 :
x2  8x  18
Show that the function f(x) = is not one-one.
x2  4x  30
Solution :
A function is one-one if f(x1) = f(x2)  x1 = x2 (only)
x12  8x1  18 x22  8x2  18
Now f(x1) = f(x2) Þ 
x12  4x1  30 x22  4x2  30
Þ 12x12x2  12x1x22  12x12  12x22  8x2  18 Þ (x1 – x2){12x1 x2 + 12 (x1+ x2) – 312} = 0
26  x 2
x1 = x2 or x1 =  f(x) is not one-one.
1  x2
Illustration 15 :
Let f: N  I be a function defined as f(x) = x – 1000. Show that f is an into function.

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Solution :
Let f(x) = y = x – 1000  x = y + 1000 = g (y) (say)
here g(y) is defined for each y  I, but g(y)  N for y  – 1000.
Hence f is into.

11. INVERSE FUNCTION

If f : X  Y be a function defined by y = f(x) such that f is both one-one and onto, then there exists a
unique function g : Y  X such that for each y  Y,g(y)  x . The function g so defined is called the
inverse of f and denoted by f -1.Also f is the inverse of g and the two functions f and g are said to be
inverse of each other.
f(f 1(x))  x,  x  Y and f 1 (f (x))  x,  x  X
Note that f and f -1 are symmetric about the line y = x.

METHOD OF FINDING INVERSE OF A FUNCTION :

o If you are asked to check whether the given function y = f(x) is invertible, you need to check that y = f(x)
is one-one and onto.
o If you are asked to find the inverse of a bijective function f(x), you do the following :
if f -1 be the inverse of ‘f ’ , then f(f -1(x)) = x . Apply the formula of f on f -1(x) and use of the above
identity to solve for f -1(x).
Some standard functions given below along with their inverse functions
FUNCTION INVERSE FUNCTION
(i) f : [0,  )  [0,  ) f – 1 : [0,  )  [0,  )
defined by f(x) = x2 defined by f – 1 (x) =
     
(ii) f : ,   [–1, 1] f – 1 [–1, 1]    , 
 2 2  2 2
defined by f(x) = sinx defined by f – 1 (x) = sin–1x
(iii) f : [0,  ] [–1, 1] f – 1 : [–1, 1] [0,  ]
defined by f(x) = cosx defined by f – 1 (x) = cos–1x
Illustration 16 :
 2 
Find the inverse of the function f(x) = loga  x  (x  1)  ; a  1 and assuming it to be an onto
 
function.
Solution :


Given f(x) = log a x  x2  1 
log a e
 f (x)  0
(1  x2 )
Which is a strictly increasing functions.
Thus, f(x) is injective, given that f(x) is onto. Hence the given function f(x) is invertible.
 
Now f ( f–1(x) ) = x  log a  f 1  x    f  x 
2
1
1  = x
 
 f 1 (x)  (f 1 (x))2  1) = ax ...........(i)

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and (f 1 (x))2  1)  f 1 (x) = a– x .........(ii)

1
From (i) and (ii), we get f 1 (x)  (a x  a  x )
2
Illustration 17:
Find the inverse of the function f(x) = n(x2  3x  1); x [1, 3] and assuming it to be an onto function.
Solution :
Given f(x) = n(x2  3x  1)
2x  3
 f (x)   0  x [1, 3]
(x  3x  1)
2

Which is a strictly increasing function. Thus f(x) is injective, given that f(x) is onto. Hence the given
function f(x) is invertible.
Now f ( f–1(x)) = x  n((f 1(x))2  3(f 1(x))  1)  x
 (f 1(x))2  3(f 1(x))  1  e x  0

3  9  4.1(1  e x ) 3  (5  4e x )
 f 1(x)  
2 2
3  (5  4e x )
 f–1(x)  (as f 1(x)[1, 3] )
2

–1 3  (5  4e x )
Hence f (x) 
2
Illustration 18:
 x, x 1
 2
Find the inverse of the function f(x) =  x , 1  x  4 .

8 x , x4
 x, x 1
 2
Solution : Given f(x) =  x , 1  x  4

8 x , x4
Let f(x) = y  x = f–1(y) .......(i)

 y, y 1

x   y, 1 y 4
 y2 y2
 , 4
 64 64

 y, y 1

f–1(y) =  y, 1  y  16 [From (i)]
 y2
 , y  16
 64

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
 x, x 1

Hence f–1(x) =  x , 1  x  16
 x2
 , x  16
 64

12. SOME ELEMENTARY FUNCTIONS

12.1 General Exponential Function
If a > 0, a  1 then the function defined by f(x) = ax, x  R is called an Exponential Function with
base a.
Y
–x –x
–x y = 4 y = 10 x
y=2 y = 10x y = 4 y = 2x
Domain : R

a>1 Range : R+

Nature : one-one

0<a<1

X
O

12.2 Logarithmic Function

If a > 0, a  1, then the function y = loga x, x  R+(set of positive real numbers) is called the logarithmic
Function with base a.

12.3 Polynomial Function :

If a function is defined by f(x) = a0 xn + a1 xn - 1 + a2 xn - 2 + ..........+ an- 1 x + an , where n is a
non negative integer and a0, a1, a2, .........an are real numbers and a 0  0 , then f is called a
polynomial function of degree n.
Note :
(a) A polynomial of degree one with no constant term is called an odd linear function. i.e.
f(x) = ax, a  0 .
(b) There are two polynomial functions, satisfying the relation; f(x).f(1/x) = f(x) + f(1/x).
They are
(i) f(x) = xn + 1 (ii) f(x) = 1 - xn, where n is a positive integer
(c) f(x) = c and c  0 is a polynomial of degree zero.
(d) f(x) = 0 is a polynomial but degree not defined.
Note : Function given in (c) and (d) are also called constant function.
12.4 Algebraic Function :
y is an algebraic function of x, if it is a function that satisfies an algebraic equation of the form,
P0 (x)yn  P1 (x)yn 1  ...........  Pn 1 (x)y  Pn (x)  0 where n is a positive integer and P0 (x), P1 (x)..........

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are Polynomials in x. e.g. y = | x | is an algebraic function, since it

satisfies the equation y2 - x2 = 0.
Note that all polynomial functions are Algebraic but not the converse. A function that is not
algebraic is called Transcendental Function.
12.5 Rational Function
The function which can be written as the quotient of two polynomial function is said to be a rational
function.
If P(x) = a0 + a1x + a2x2 + . . . + anxn
Q (x) = b0 + b1x + b2x2 + . . . + bmxm
be two polynomial functions then a function f defined by
P(x)
f(x) = is a rational function of x
Q(x)
Example:
7x 4  x2  2
f(x) = is a rational function which is defined for all real values of x except 1 and 3.
x2  4x  3

12.6 Identity Function

A map f : R R is said to be an identity function, iff
f(x) = x,  x  R.
The identity function is sometimes also called the function x
Domain of the identity function = R
Range of the identity function = R
12.7 Modulus Function
x,x  0 y = –x, x < 0 y y = x, x > 0
f(x) = |x| = 
 x,x  0
x
Domain : R, Range : [0,  ) x O

It is an even continuous and many one function

Graph is symmetrical with respect to y-axis. y
12.8 Signum Function y
 1, x  0
 y = 1, x > 0
f(x) = 0, x  0 x
 1, x  0 x O
 y = –1, x > 0
Domain ; R, Range; {–1, 0, 1}. It is a many one and discontinuous function y
12.9 Greatest Integer Function
If f(x) = k  x [k, k  1) , where k is any integer, then f is called greatest integer function usually
denoted by f(x) = [x]
Examples: [3.7] = 3, [–32] = – 4, [5] = 5 etc.
Properties of Greatest Integer Function
· x – 1 < [x]  x
· [x + n] = [x] + n, where n  I
 0;x I
· [x] + [– x] = 
1;x I
· [x] = n  n  x  n  1
[x]  n  x n, n  I
[x]  n  x < n + 1, n  I

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12.10 Fractional Part of X

x  1,x [1,0)
 x, x [0,1)

f(x) = x – [x], x R i.e., f(x) = {x} = 
 x  1,x [1,2)
 0, x Z
Domain : R, Range : [0, 1), Nature : Many one
This is a periodic function with period 1. It is discontinuous for all integers.
Properties Of Fractional Part Of x
· x = [x] + {x} where [.] and {.} denotes the integral and fractional part of x respectively.
0;x I
· {x} + {– x} = 
1;x I

Illustration 19 :
Solve the equation, x2 – 4x + [x] + 3 = 0.
Solution :
We are given that, x2 – 4x + [x] + 3 = 0
 x2 – 4x + x – {x} + 3 = 0
 x2 – 3x + 3 = {x}
 0  x2 – 3x + 3 < 1
2
9 9  3 3
Now x2 – 3x + 3 = x2 – 3x + +3– = x   + >0
4 4  2 4
 x2 – 3x + 3 > 0  x  R
 x2 – 3x + 3 < 1
 x2 – 3x + 2 < 0
 1 < x < 2, [x] = 1
Now from the original equation we have x2 – 4x + 4 = 0
 (x – 2)2 = 0  x = 2, which does not satisfy 1 < x < 2
Thus the given equation does not have any solution.

13. ELEMENTRY TRANSFORMATIONS OF GRAPHS

(i) Drawing the graph of y = |f(x)| from the known graph of y = f(x)
|f(x)| = f(x) if f(x)  0 and |f(x)| = – f(x) if f(x) < 0. It means that the graph of f(x) and |f(x)|
would coincide if f(x)  0 and the portions where f(x) < 0 would get inverted in the upward
direction.
The above figure would make the procedure clear.
(ii) Drawing the graph of y = f(|x|) from the known graph of y = f(x)
It is clear that, f(|x|) = f(x),  x  0 and f(|x|) = f(–x),  x < 0. Thus f(|x|) would be an even
function. Graphs of f(|x|) and f(x) would be identical in the first and the fourth quadrants (as x 
0) and as such the graph of f(|x|) would be symmetrical about the
y–axis (as (|x|) is even).

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The figure would make the procedure clear.

(iii) Drawing the graph of |y| = f(x) from the known graph of y = f(x)
Clearly |y| 0. If f(x) < 0, graph of |y| = f(x) would not exist. And if f(x)  0, |y| = f(x)
would give y = f(x). Hence graph of |y| = f(x) would exist only in the regions where
f(x)  0 and will be reflected about x–axis only in those regions. Regions where f(x) < 0
will be neglected.
Full lines show the graph of |y| = f(x) and dotted lines depict the corresponding graph
of y = f(x).
(iv) Drawing the graph of y = f(x + a), a  R from the known graph of y = f(x)
y = f(x)

y = f(x + a), a > 0 y = f(x + a), a < 0

x0 - |a| x0 x0 + |a|

Let us take any point x0  domain of f(x), and set x + a = x0 or x = x0 – a. a > 0

 x < x0, and a < 0  x > x0. That mean x0 and x0 – a would give us same abscissa for
f(x) and f(x + a) respectively. As such for a > 0, graph of f(x + a) can be obtained
simply by translating the graph of f(x) in the negative x–direction through a distance ‘a’ units. If a <
0, graph of f(x + a) can be obtained by translating the graph of f(x) in the positive x–direction
through a distance a units.
Accordingly the graph of f(x) + b can be obtained by translating the graph of f(x) either in the
positive y–axis direction (if b > 0) or in the negative y–axis direction (if b < 0), through a distance |b|
units.

(vi) Drawing the graph of y = a f(x) from the known graph of y = f(x)
y = a f(x), a > 1 y = f(x)

y = af(x), 0 < a < 1

x

It is clear that the corresponding points (points with same x coordinates) would have their
ordinates in the ratio of 1 : a.
(vii) Drawing the graph of y = f(ax) from the known graph of y = f(x)

x0
Let us take any point x0  domain of f(x). Let ax = x0 or x =
a

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Clearly if 0 < a < 1 then x > x0 and f(x) will stretch by 1/a units against y–axis, and
if a > 1, x < x0, then f(x) will compress by ‘a’ units against y–axis.
(viii) Drawing the graph of y = f–1 (x) from the known graph of y = f(x)
Y

(1,  / 2)
(0, /2)
y=x

(/2, 1)
(0, 1)
(– /2, 0)
X
O(1, 0) (/2, 0)
 / 2, 1) (0, –1)

For drawing the graph of y = f–1(x) we have to first of all find the interval in which the
function is bijective (invertible). Then take the reflection of y = f(x) (within the invertible
region) about the line y = x.
The reflected part would give us the graph of y = f–1 (x). e.g. let us draw the graph of
  
y = sin–1 x. We know that y = f(x) = sin x is invertible If f :   ,    1,1 the inverse
 2 2
  
mapping would be f–1 : [–1, 1]    , 
 2 2
Illustration 20 :
Draw the graphs of the following functions:
(i) y = |sin x|, x [0, 2  ] (ii) y = sin |x|, x  [– 2  , 2  ]
(iii) y = x2 sin x (iv) |y| = sinx, x  [– 2  , 2  ]
Solution :
(i)
(ii)
1
 2 -1
O 2

(iii) (iv)

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CLASSWORK PROBLEMS

Single Correct Answer Type

1. The equivalent definition of 𝑓(𝑥) = ||𝑥| − 1|, is
−𝑥 − 1, 𝑥 ≤ −1
𝑥 + 1, −1 < 𝑥 ≤ 0
a) 𝑓(𝑥) = {
1 − 𝑥, 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1
𝑥 − 1, 𝑥 ≥ 1
𝑥 − 1, 𝑥 ≤ −1
𝑥 + 1, −1 < 𝑥 ≤ 0
b) 𝑓(𝑥) = {
𝑥 − 1, 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1
𝑥 + 1, 𝑥 ≥ 1
𝑥 + 1, 𝑥 ≥ 0
c) 𝑓(𝑥) = {
𝑥 + 1, 𝑥 ≤ 0
d) None of these
2. 2 log10 𝑥+1
The domain of definition of 𝑓(𝑥) = log100 𝑥 ( ), is
−𝑥
a) (0,10−2 ) ∪ (10−2 , 10−1/2 )
b) (0, 10−1/2 )
c) (0,10−1 )
d) None of these
3. The domain of the function
sin−1 (𝑥−3)
𝑓(𝑥) = is
√9−𝑥 2
a) [2, 3] b) [2, 3) c) [1, 2] d) [1, 2)
4. If 𝑅 denotes the set of all real numbers, then the function 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = |𝑥| is
a) One-one only b) Onto only
c) Both one-one and onto d) Neither one-one nor onto
1
5. If 𝑓(𝑥) = , then domain of 𝑓𝑜𝑓 is
√−𝑥
a) (0, ∞) b) (−∞, 0) c) {0} d) {}
6. Let 𝑓 be a real valued function with domain 𝑅 such that
𝑓(𝑥 + 1) + 𝑓(𝑥 − 1) = √2𝑓(𝑥) for all 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅, then,
a) 𝑓(𝑥) is a periodic function with period 8
b) 𝑓(𝑥) is a periodic function with period 12
c) 𝑓(𝑥) is a non-periodic function
d) 𝑓(𝑥) is a periodic function with indeterminate period
30
7. If 𝐷30 is the set of the divisors of 30, 𝑥, 𝑦 ∈ 𝐷30 , we define 𝑥 + 𝑦 = LCM(𝑥, 𝑦), 𝑥. 𝑦 = GCD(𝑥, 𝑦), 𝑥 ′ = and
𝑥
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = (𝑥 + 𝑦). (𝑦 ′ + 𝑧), then 𝑓(2, 5, 15) is equal to
a) 2 b) 5 c) 10 d) 15
8. The domain of definition of the function
5𝑥−𝑥 2
𝑓(𝑥) = √log10 ( ) is
4
a) [1, 4] b) [1, 0] c) [0, 5] d) [5, 0]
9. Let 𝐴 = {1, 2, 3} and 𝐵 = {2, 3, 4}, then which of the following relations is a function from 𝐴 to 𝐵?
a) {(1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 4), (2, 2)} b) {(1, 2), (2, 3), (1, 3)}
c) {(1, 3), (2, 3), (3, 3)} d) {(1, 1), (2, 3), (3, 4)}
10. Let 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅, 𝑔: 𝑅 → 𝑅 be two functions given by 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 3, 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 5. Then, (𝑓𝑜𝑔)−1 𝑥 is equal to
𝑥 − 7 1/3 𝑥 + 7 1/3 7 1/3 𝑥 − 2 1/3
a) ( ) b) ( ) c) (𝑥 − ) d) ( )
2 2 2 7
11. Let 𝑓 ∶ [𝜋, 3 𝜋/2] → 𝑅 be a function given by
𝑓(𝑥) = [sin 𝑥] + [1 + sin 𝑥] + [2 + sin 𝑥]
Then, the range of 𝑓(𝑥) is
a) {0, 3} b) {1} c) {0, 2} d) {3}
12. 𝑥−2
If the functions 𝑓(𝑥) = log(𝑥 − 2) − log(𝑥 − 3) and 𝑔(𝑥) = log ( ) are identical, then
𝑥−3
a) 𝑥 ∈ [2, 3] b) 𝑥 ∈ [2, ∞) c) 𝑥 ∈ (3, ∞) d) 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅
1
13. If 𝐷 is the set of all real 𝑥 such that 1 − 𝑒 𝑥
−1
is positive, then 𝐷 is equal to

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a) (−∞, 1] b) (−∞, 0) c) (1, ∞) d) (−∞, 0) ∪ (1, ∞)

14. ∝𝑥 2
Let 𝑓(𝑥) = , 𝑥 ≠ −1. The value of ∝ for which 𝑓(𝑎) = 𝑎, (𝑎 ≠ 0) is
𝑥+1
1 1 1 1
a) 1 − b) c) 1 + d) − 1
𝑎 𝑎 𝑎 𝑎
15. Let 𝑓(𝑥) be defined on [−2,2] and is given by
−1, −2 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 0
𝑓(𝑥) = {
𝑥 − 1, 0 < 𝑥 ≤ 2
and 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑓(|𝑥|) + |𝑓(𝑥)|. Then, 𝑔(𝑥) is equal to
−𝑥, −2 ≤ 𝑥 < 0
a) { 0, 0≤𝑥<1
𝑥 − 1, 1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2
−𝑥, −2 ≤ 𝑥 < 0
b) { 0, 0≤𝑥<1
2(𝑥 − 1), 1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2
−𝑥, −2 ≤ 𝑥 < 0
c) {
𝑥 − 1, 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2
d) None of these
16. If 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 and 𝑔: 𝑅 → 𝑅 are defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 3 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 1, then the values of 𝑥 for which 𝑔{𝑓(𝑥)} =
10 are
a) 0, −6 b) 2, −2 c) 1, −1 d) 0, 6
17. If 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 and 𝑔: 𝑅 → 𝑅 are defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 3 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 7, then the values of 𝑥 such that 𝑔(𝑓(𝑥)) = 8
are
a) 1, 2 b) −1, 2 c) −1, −2 d) 1, −2
1
18. The domain of the real function 𝑓(𝑥) = is
√4−𝑥 2

a) The set of all real numbers b) The set of all positive real numbers
c) (-2, 2) d) [-2, 2]
19. If 𝑓(0) = 1, 𝑓(1) = 5, 𝑓(2) = 11, then the equation of polynomial of degree two is
a) 𝑥 2 + 1 = 0 b) 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 1 = 0 c) 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 1 = 0 d) None of these
20. 2000 {𝑥+𝑟}
If [𝑥] and {𝑥} represent integral and fractional parts of 𝑥, then the expression [𝑥] + ∑𝑟=1 is equal to
2000
2001 2001
a) 𝑥 b) 𝑥 + 2001 c) 𝑥 d) [𝑥] +
2 2
21. Suppose 𝑓 ∶ [−2, 2] → 𝑅 is defined by
−1 for − 2 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 0
𝑓(𝑥) = {
𝑥 − 1 for 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2
then {𝑥 ∈ [−2, 2] ∶ 𝑥 ≤ 0 and 𝑓(|𝑥|) = 𝑥} =
a) {−1} b) {0} c) {−1/2} d) ϕ
22. The function 𝑓(𝑥) = cos{log10 (𝑥 + √𝑥 2 + 1)}, is
a) Even b) Odd c) Constant d) None of these
23. The period of the function 𝑓(θ) = 4 + 4 sin3 θ − 3 sin θ is
2𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
a) b) c) d) 𝜋
3 3 2
𝑥
24. If 𝑓(2𝑥 + 3) = sin 𝑥 + 2 , then 𝑓(4𝑚 − 2𝑛 + 3) is equal to
a) sin(𝑚 − 2𝑚) + 22𝑚−𝑛 b) sin(2𝑚 − 𝑛) + 2(𝑚−𝑛)2
c) sin(𝑚 − 2𝑛) + 2 (𝑚+𝑛)2 d) sin(2𝑚 − 𝑛) + 22𝑚−𝑛
𝑥+2
25. The range of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 2 , is
𝑥 −8𝑥−4
−1 −1
a) (−∞, ] ∪ [ , ∞)
4 20
1 1
b) (−∞, − ) ∪ (− , ∞)
4 20
1 1
c) (−∞, − ] ∪ (− , ∞)
4 20
d) None of these
26. Let 𝑓 ∶ 𝑅 → 𝑅 be a function defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = cos(5 𝑥 + 2). Then, 𝑓 is
a) Injective b) Surjective c) Bijective d) None of these
27. Which one is not periodic?
a) |sin 3𝑥| + sin2 𝑥 b) cos √𝑥 + cos 2 𝑥 c) cos 4𝑥 + tan2 𝑥 d) cos 2 𝑥 + sin 𝑥
28. If 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 is defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = [2𝑥] − 2[𝑥] for all 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅, where [𝑥] is the greatest integer not exceeding 𝑥, then the
range of 𝑓 is

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a) {𝑥 ∈ 𝑅: 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1} b) {0, 1} c) {𝑥 ∈ 𝑅: 𝑥 > 0} d) {𝑥 ∈ 𝑅: 𝑥 ≤ 0}
29. If 𝑓(𝑥) = sin2 𝑥 and the composite function 𝑔(𝑓(𝑥)) = | sin 𝑥 |, then the function 𝑔(𝑥) is equal to
a) √𝑥 − 1 b) √𝑥 c) √𝑥 + 1 d) −√𝑥
30. If a function 𝑓: [2, ∞) → 𝐵 defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 4 𝑥 + 5 is a bijection, then 𝐵 =
a) 𝑅 b) [1, ∞) c) [4, ∞) d) [5, ∞)
31. The domain of definition of the function
𝑓(𝑥) = log 2 [−(log 2 𝑥)2 + 5 log 2 𝑥 − 6], is
a) (4, 8) b) [4, 8] c) (0, 4) ∪ (8, ∞) d) 𝑅 − [4, 8]
32. 𝑥
The period of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = sin (sin ) is
5
a) 2𝜋 b) 2𝜋/5 c) 10𝜋 d) 5𝜋
33. The domain of definition of the function
5𝑥 − 𝑥 2
𝑓(𝑥) = √log10 ( ) , is
4
a) [1, 4] b) (1, 4) c) (0, 5) d) [0, 5]
1
34. If 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 and is defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = for each 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅, then the range f 𝑓 is
2−cos 3𝑥
a) (1/3, 1) b) [1/3, 1] c) (1, 2) d) [1, 2]
35. If 𝑓(𝑥) is defined on [0, 1] by the rule
𝑥, if 𝑥 is rational
𝑓(𝑥) = {
1 − 𝑥, if 𝑥 is irrational
Then, for all 𝑥 ∈ [0, 1], 𝑓(𝑓(𝑥)) is
a) Constant b) 1 + 𝑥 c) 𝑥 d) None of these
𝑥
36. Range of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = is
1+𝑥 2
b) [-1, 1] 1 1
a) (−∞, ∞) c) [− , ] d) [−√2, √2]
2 2
𝑥 2
37. If the function 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝐴 given by 𝑓(𝑥) = 2 is a surjection, then 𝐴 =
𝑥 +1
a) 𝑅 b) [0, 1] c) (0, 1] d) [0, 1)
38. If 𝑅 is an equivalence relation on a set 𝐴, then 𝑅−1 is
a) Reflexive only b) Symmetric but not transitive
c) Equivalence d) None of the above
39. 𝑥2
If the function 𝑓 ∶ 𝑅 → 𝐴 given by 𝑓(𝑥) = 2 is a surjection, then 𝐴 =
𝑥 +1
a) 𝑅 b) [0, 1] c) (0, 1] d) [0, 1)
40. The domain of the real valued function
𝑓(𝑥) = √5 − 4𝑥 − 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 2 log(𝑥 + 4) is
a) −5 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1 b) −5 ≤ 𝑥 and 𝑥 ≥ 1 c) −4 < 𝑥 ≤ 1 d) ϕ
41.
The period of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎{tan(𝜋𝑥)+𝑥−[𝑥]} , where 𝑎 > 0, denotes the greatest integer function and 𝑥 is a
real number, is
𝜋 𝜋
a) 𝜋 b) c) d) 1
2 4
42. The domain of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = log 2𝑥−1 (𝑥 − 1) is
1 d) None of these
a) (1, ∞) b) ( , ∞) c) (0, ∞)
2
43. The composite mapping fog of the maps 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅, 𝑓(𝑥) = sin 𝑥 and g: 𝑅 → 𝑅, g(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 , is
sin 𝑥
a) 𝑥 2 sin 𝑥 b) (sin 𝑥)2 c) sin 𝑥 2 d)
𝑥2
44. If 𝑓(𝑥) = cos(log 𝑥), then
1 𝑥
𝑓(𝑥)𝑓(𝑦) − [𝑓 ( ) + 𝑓(𝑥𝑦)] has the value
2 𝑦
a) -1 b) 1/2 c) -2 d) 0
45. The domain of the function 𝑓(𝑥) given by
− log 0.3 (𝑥 − 1)
𝑓(𝑥) = √ , is
−𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 18
a) [2, 6] b) (2, 6) c) [2, 6) d) None of these
46. If the function 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = [𝑥] where [𝑥] is the greatest integer not exceeding 𝑥, for 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅, then 𝑓 is
a) Even b) Odd c) Neither even nor odd d) Strictly increasing
47. The domain of definition of the function

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6𝑥 − 4
𝑓(𝑥) = log 3 {− log 4 ( )} , is
6𝑥 + 5
a) (2/3, ∞)
b) (−∞, −5/6) ∪ (2/3, ∞)
c) [2/3, ∞)
d) (−5/6, 2/3)
48. Which of the following statements is not correct for the relation 𝑅 defined by 𝑎𝑅𝑏, if and only, if 𝑏 lives within on
kilometre from 𝑎?
a) 𝑅 is reflexive b) 𝑅 is symmetric c) 𝑅 is anti-symmetric d) None of these
49. Let 𝑛(𝐴) = 4 and 𝑛(𝐵) = 6. The number of one to one functions from 𝐴 to 𝐵 is
a) 24 b) 60 c) 120 d) 360
1 2
50. If 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 − , 𝑥 ≠ 0, then 𝑓(𝑥 ) equals
𝑥
a) 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑓(−𝑥) b) 𝑓(𝑥)𝑓(−𝑥) c) 𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑓(−𝑥) d) None of these
51. Let 𝑓(𝑥) = |𝑥 − 1| Then,
a) 𝑓(𝑥 2 ) = [𝑓(𝑥)]2
b) 𝑓(|𝑥|) = |𝑓(𝑥)|
c) 𝑓(𝑥 + 𝑦) = 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑓(𝑦)
d) None of these
52. If 𝑓 is a real valued function such that 𝑓(𝑥 + 𝑦) = 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑓(𝑦) and 𝑓(1) = 5, then the value of 𝑓(100) is
a) 200 b) 300 c) 350 d) 500
53. If 𝑅 be a relation defined as 𝑎𝑅𝑏 iff |𝑎 − 𝑏| > 0, then the relation is
a) Reflexive b) Symmetric
c) Transitive d) Symmetric and transitive
54. Which of the following functions is inverse of itself?
1−𝑥 d) None of these
a) 𝑓(𝑥) = b) 𝑓(𝑥) = 3log 𝑥 c) 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥(𝑥+1)
1+𝑥
55. The function 𝑓(𝑥) = log(𝑥 + √𝑥 2 + 1) is
a) An even function b) An odd function
c) A periodic function d) Neither an even nor an odd function
56. If 𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐 = 0 and 𝑎 > 0, then domian of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = log{(𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐)(𝑥 + 1)} is
𝑏
a) 𝑅 − (− ) b) 𝑅 − (−∞, −1)
2𝑎
𝑏 𝑏
c) (−1, ∞) − {− } d) 𝑅 − ({− } ∩ (−∞, −1))
2𝑎 2𝑎
57. The function 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 given by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 𝑥, is
a) One-one and onto b) One-one and into c) Many-one and onto d) Many one and into
58. If 𝑇1 is the period of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑒 3(𝑥−[𝑥]) and 𝑇2 is the period of the function 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑒 3𝑥−[3𝑥] ([∙] denotes the
greatest integer function), then
𝑇 d) None of these
a) 𝑇1 = 𝑇2 b) 𝑇1 = 2 c) 𝑇1 = 3 𝑇2
3
59. If 𝑓(𝑥 + 𝑦, 𝑥 − 𝑦) = 𝑥𝑦, then the arithemetic mean of 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) and 𝑓(𝑦, 𝑥) is
a) 𝑥 b) 𝑦 c) 0 d) None of these
1
60. If 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 is defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 − [𝑥] − for 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅, where [𝑥] is the greatest integer not exceeding 𝑥, then
2
1
{𝑥 ∈ 𝑅: 𝑓(𝑥) = } is equal to
2
a) 𝑍, the set of all integers b) 𝑁, the set of all natural numbers
c) ϕ, the empty set d) 𝑅
61. The period of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = |sin 3𝑥| + |cos 3𝑥|, is
𝜋 𝜋 3𝜋
a) b) c) d) 𝜋
2 6 2
−1
62. Let 𝑓: (2, 3) → (0, 1) be defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 − [𝑥], then 𝑓 (𝑥) equals
a) 𝑥 − 2 b) 𝑥 + 1 c) 𝑥 − 1 d) 𝑥 + 2
63. 1 sin 𝑥
The function 𝑓(𝑥) = ( ) , is
2
a) Periodic with period 2𝜋
b) An odd function
c) Not expressible as the sum of an even function an odd function
d) None of these

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64. 𝑓(25)
If the function 𝑓: 𝑁 → 𝑁 is defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = √𝑥, then is equal to
𝑓(16)+𝑓(1)
5 5 5 d) 1
a) b) c)
6 7 3
65. Let 𝑓: 𝐴 → 𝐵 and g: 𝐵 → 𝐶 be two functions such that g𝑜𝑓: 𝐴 → 𝐶 is onto. Then,
a) 𝑓 is onto b) g is onto c) 𝑓 and g both are onto d) None of these
66. Let the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 5 log(1 + |𝑥|) be defined on the interval [0,1]. The even extension of 𝑓(𝑥) to the
interval [−1,1] is
a) 3𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 8 log(1 + |𝑥|)
b) 3𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 8 log(1 + |𝑥|)
c) 3𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 8 log(1 + |𝑥|)
d) None of these
67. 𝑥 2 +𝑥+2
Range of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 2 ; 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅 is
𝑥 +𝑥+1
a) (1, ∞) b) (1, 11/7) c) [1, 7/3] d) (1, 7/5)
68. 𝜋𝑥 𝜋𝑥
The period of the function sin ( ) + cos ( ) is
2 2
a) 4 b) 6 c) 12 d) 24
69. The period of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = sin4 𝑥 + cos 4 𝑥 is
a) 𝜋 b) 𝜋/2 c) 2 𝜋 d) None of these
70. Let a relation 𝑅 on the set 𝑁 of natural numbers be defined as (𝑥, 𝑦) ⟺ 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥𝑦 + 3𝑦 2 = 0∀ 𝑥, 𝑦 ∈ 𝑁. The relation
𝑅 is
a) Reflexive b) Symmetric
c) Transitive d) An equivalence relation
71. The function 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 − 3), is
a) One-one but not onto
b) Onto but not one-one
c) Both one and onto
d) Neither one-one nor onto
72. The function 𝑓: 𝑋 → 𝑌 defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = sin 𝑥 is one-one but not onto, if 𝑋 and 𝑌 are respectively equal to
𝜋 −𝜋 𝜋
a) 𝑅 and 𝑅 b) [0, 𝜋] and [0, 1] c) [0, ] and [−1, 1] d) [ , ] and [−1, 1]
2 2 2
−𝑥
73. The function 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 is defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 3 . Observe the following statements
I. 𝑓 is one-one II. 𝑓 is onto
III. 𝑓 is a decreasing function
Out of these, true statement are
a) Only I, II b) Only II, III c) Only I, III d) I, II, III
74. The function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥[𝑥], is
a) Periodic with period 1
b) Periodic with period 2
c) Periodic with indeterminate period
d) Not-periodic
3 𝑥+2
75. If 𝑓(𝑥) = , then
5 𝑥−3
1
a) 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) b) 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) = −𝑓(𝑥) c) (𝑓𝑜𝑓)(𝑥) = −𝑥 d) 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) = − 𝑓(𝑥)
19
76. √4−𝑥 2
The domain of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = is
sin−1 (2−𝑥)
a) [0, 2] b) [0, 2) c) [1, 2) d) [1, 2]
77. The domain of definition of 𝑓(𝑥) = sin−1 (|𝑥 − 1| − 2) is
a) [−2, 0] ∪ [2, 4] b) (−2, 0) ∪ (2, 4) c) [−2, 0] ∪ [1, 3] d) [−2, 0] ∪ [1, 3]
78. The domain of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = cos −1 [sec 𝑥], where [𝑥] denotes the greatest integer less than or equal to 𝑥, is
𝜋
a) {𝑥 ∶ 𝑥 = (2𝑛 + 1) 𝜋, 𝑛 ∈ 𝑍} ∪ {𝑥 ∶ 2𝑚 𝜋 ≤ 𝑥 < 2𝑚 𝜋 + , 𝑚 ∈ 𝑍}
3
𝜋
b) {𝑥 ∶ 𝑥 = 2𝑛 𝜋, 𝑛 ∈ 𝑍} ∪ {𝑥 ∶ 2𝑚 𝜋 < 𝑥 < 2𝑚 𝜋 + , 𝑚 ∈ 𝑍}
3
𝜋
c) {𝑥 ∶ (2𝑛 + 1) 𝜋, 𝑛 ∈ 𝑍} ∪ {𝑥 ∶ 2𝑚 𝜋 < 𝑥 < 2𝑚 𝜋 + , 𝑚 ∈ 𝑍}
3
d) None of these
79. The domain of sin−1 (log 3 𝑥) is
a) [-1, 1] b) [0, 1] 1
c) [0, ∞] d) [ , 3]
3

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80. 1 1
Let 𝑓 (𝑥 + ) = 𝑥 2 + 2 , (𝑥 ≠ 0) then 𝑓(𝑥) equals
𝑥 𝑥
a) 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 for all 𝑥 b) 𝑥 2 − 2 for all |𝑥| ≥ 2 c) 𝑥 2 − 2 for all |𝑥| < 2 d) None of these
81. 𝜋 𝜋 5
If 𝑓(𝑥) = sin2 𝑥 + sin2 (𝑥 + ) + cos 𝑥 cos (𝑥 + ) and 𝑔 ( ) = 1, then 𝑔𝑜𝑓(𝑥) is equal to
3 3 4
a) 1 b) -1 c) 2 d) -2
82. 𝜋 2
The range of 𝑓(𝑥) = sec ( cos 𝑥) , −∞ < 𝑥 < ∞, is
4
a) [1, √2] b) [1, ∞) c) [−√2, −1] ∪ [1, √2] d) (−∞, −1] ∪ [1, ∞)
83. 𝑒 |𝑥| −𝑒 −𝑥
Let 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 be a function defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 −𝑥 . Then,
𝑒 +𝑒
a) 𝑓 is a bijection
b) 𝑓 is an injection only
c) 𝑓 is surjection on only
d) 𝑓 is neither an injection nor a surjection
84. The function 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 defined by
𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 − 3) is
a) One-one but not onto b) Onto but not one-one
c) Both one-one and onto d) Neither one-one nor onto
85. Q function 𝑓 from the set of natural numbers to integers
𝑛−1
, where 𝑛 is odd
defined by 𝑓(𝑛) = { 2𝑛 is
− , when 𝑛 is even
2
a) One-one but not onto b) Onto but not one-one
c) One-one and onto both d) Neither one-one nor onto
86. 1+𝑥 2
The function 𝑓(𝑥) = √cos(sin 𝑥) + sin−1 ( ) is defined for
2𝑥
a) 𝑥 ∈ {−1, 1} b) 𝑥 ∈ [−, 1, 1] c) 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅 d) 𝑥 ∈ (−1, 1)
87. 10+𝑥 200𝑥
If 𝑒 𝑓(𝑥) = , 𝑥 ∈ (−10, 10) and 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑘𝑓 ( ), then 𝑘 is equal to
10−𝑥 100+𝑥 2
a) 0.5 b) 0.6 c) 0.7 d) 0.8
88. A mapping 𝑓: 𝑁 → 𝑁, where 𝑁 is the set of natural numbers is defined as
𝑛2 , for 𝑛 odd
𝑓(𝑛) = {
2𝑛 + 1, for 𝑛 even
For 𝑛 ∈ 𝑁. Then, 𝑓 is
a) Surjective but not injective b) Injective but not surjective
c) Bijective d) Neither injective nor surjective
𝑥+2
89. If 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) = , then
𝑥−1
a) 𝑥 = 𝑓(𝑦) b) 𝑓(1) = 3
c) 𝑦 increase with 𝑥 for 𝑥 < 1 d) 𝑓 is a rational function of 𝑥
90. Let 𝑓 be a function with domain [−3, 5] and let 𝑔(𝑥) = |3𝑥 + 4|. Then the domain of (𝑓𝑜𝑔)(𝑥) is
1 1 1 1
a) (−3, ) b) [−3, ] c) [−3, ] d) [−3, − ]
3 3 3 3
91. Let 𝑓: 𝐴 → 𝐵 and g: 𝐵 → 𝐶 be two functions such that g𝑜𝑓: 𝐴 → 𝐶 is one-one and 𝑓: 𝐴 → 𝐵 is onto. Then, g: 𝐵 → 𝐶 is
a) One-one b) Onto c) One-one and onto d) None of these
92. −1, 𝑥<0
Let 𝑔(𝑥) = 1 + 𝑥 − [𝑥] and 𝑓(𝑥) = { 0, 𝑥 = 0, then for for 𝑥, 𝑓[𝑔(𝑥)] is equal to
1 𝑥>0
a) 𝑥 b) 1 c) 𝑓(𝑥) d) 𝑔(𝑥)
93. If the function 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 be such that 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 − [𝑥], where [𝑥] denotes the greatest integer less than or equal to 𝑥,
then 𝑓 −1 (𝑥), is
1 c) Not defined d) None of these
a) b) [𝑥] − 𝑥
𝑥 − [𝑥]
94. Let 𝑎 and 𝑏 be two integers such that 10𝑎 + 𝑏 = 5 and 𝑃(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏. The integer 𝑛 such that 𝑃(10). 𝑃(11) =
𝑃(𝑛) is
a) 15 b) 65 c) 115 d) 165
95. The unction 𝑓: [−1/2, 1/2] → [−𝜋/2, 𝜋/2] defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = sin−1 (3𝑥 − 4𝑥 3 ) is
a) Bijection
b) Injection but not a surjection
c) Surjection but not an injection
d) Neither an injection nor a surjection

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96. Let 𝑓: (−∞, 2] → (−∞, 4] be a function defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑥 − 𝑥 2 . Then, 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) is

a) 2 − √4 − 𝑥 b) 2 + √4 − 𝑥 c) 2 ± √4 − 𝑥 d) Not defined
𝑛 1/𝑛
97. If 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑎 − 𝑥 ) , where 𝑎 > 0 and 𝑛 ∈ 𝑁, then 𝑓𝑜𝑓(𝑥) is equal to
a) 𝑎 b) 𝑥 c) 𝑥 𝑛 d) 𝑎𝑛
98. The domain of definition of 𝑓(𝑥) = log 3 |log 𝑒 𝑥|, is
a) (1, ∞) b) (0, ∞) c) (𝑒, ∞) d) None of these
99. Let 𝑓: 𝑅 →, 𝑔: 𝑅 → 𝑅 be two functions given by 𝑓(𝑥) = 2 𝑥 − 3, 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 5. Then, (𝑓𝑜𝑔)−1 (𝑥) is equal to
𝑥 + 7 1/3 7 1/3 𝑥 − 2 1/3 𝑥−7 1
a) ( ) b) (𝑥 − ) c) ( ) d) ( )
2 2 7 2
100. If 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 is defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = |𝑥|, then
1
a) 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) = −𝑥 b) 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) =
|𝑥|
1
c) The function 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) does not exist d) 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) =
𝑥

PRACTISE PROBLEMS
Which of the following functions from 𝐴 = {𝑥 ∶ −1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1} to itself are bijections?
101.
𝑥 𝜋𝑥
a) 𝑓(𝑥) = b) 𝑔(𝑥) = sin ( ) c) ℎ(𝑥) = |𝑥| d) 𝑘(𝑥) = 𝑥 2
2 2
102. Domain of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = √2 − 2𝑥 − 𝑥 2 is
a) −√3 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ +√3 b) −1 − √3 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ −1 + √3
c) −2 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2 d) −2 + √3 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ −2 − √3
1 1
103. Let [𝑥] denote the greatest integer less than or equal to 𝑥. If 𝑓(𝑥) = sin−1 𝑥, g(𝑥) = [𝑥 2 ] and ℎ(𝑥) = 2𝑥, ≤ 𝑥 ≤ ,
2 √2
then
a) 𝑓𝑜g𝑜ℎ (𝑥) = 𝜋/2 b) 𝑓𝑜g𝑜ℎ(𝑥) = 𝜋 c) ℎ𝑜𝑓𝑜g = ℎ𝑜g𝑜𝑓 d) ℎ𝑜𝑓𝑜g ≠ ℎ𝑜g𝑜𝑓
104. Let 𝑓 ∶ 𝑁 → 𝑁 be defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1, then 𝑓 is
a) One-one onto b) Many one onto c) One-one but not onto d) None of these
105. 0, 𝑥 = 0
Let 𝑓(𝑥) = {𝑥 2 sin 𝜋/2𝑥, |𝑥| < 1. Then, 𝑓(𝑥) is
𝑥|𝑥|, |𝑥| ≥ 1
a) An even function
b) An odd function
c) Neither an even function nor an odd function
d) 𝑓′(𝑥) is an even function

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𝑥−1
106. The interval in which the function 𝑦 = 2 transforms the real line is
𝑥 −3 𝑥+3
a) (0, ∞) b) (−∞, ∞) c) [0, 1] d) [−1/3,1]
107. The equivalent definition of
𝑓(𝑥) = max.{𝑥 2 , (1 − 𝑥)2 , 2𝑥(1 − 𝑥)}, where 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1,
𝑥 2 ; 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1/3
a) 𝑓(𝑥) = {2𝑥(1 − 𝑥); 1/3 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2/3
(1 − 𝑥)2 ; 2/3 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1
(1 − 𝑥)2 ; 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1/3
b) 𝑓(𝑥) = {2𝑥(1 − 𝑥); 1/3 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2/3
𝑥 2 ; 2/3 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1
𝑥 2 ; 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1/2
c) 𝑓(𝑥) = {
(1 − 𝑥)2 ; 1/2 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1
d) None of these
108. Which of the following functions from 𝑍 to itself are bijections?
a) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 b) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 2 c) 𝑓(𝑥) = 2 𝑥 + 1 d) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 𝑥
109. The domain of definition of the function
1
𝑓(𝑥) = , is
√|cos 𝑥| + cos 𝑥
a) [−2𝑛 𝜋, 2𝑛 𝜋], 𝑛 ∈ 𝑁
b) (2𝑛 𝜋, (2𝑛 + 1)𝜋), 𝑛 ∈ 𝑍
𝜋 𝜋
c) ((4𝑛 + 1) , (4𝑛 + 3) ) , 𝑛 ∈ 𝑍
2 2
𝜋 𝜋
d) ((4𝑛 − 1) , (4𝑛 + 1) ) , 𝑛 ∈ 𝑍
2 2
110. 1
If 𝑓(𝑥) = (25 − 𝑥 4 )1/4 for 0 < 𝑥 < √5, then (𝑓 ( )) =
2
a) 2−4 b) 2−3 c) 2−2 d) 2−1
111. 2
The function 𝑓(𝑥) = sec[log(𝑥 + √1 + 𝑥 )] is
a) Odd b) Even c) Neither odd nor even d) Constant
112. If 𝑓(𝑥) = sin(log 𝑥), then the value of 𝑓(𝑥𝑦) + 𝑓(𝑥/𝑦) − 2𝑓(𝑥) cos(log 𝑦), is
a) −1 b) 0 c) 1 d) None of these
113. The equivalent definition of
7
𝑓(𝑥) = max. {−|1 − 𝑥 2 |, 2|𝑥| − 2,1 − |𝑥|} , is
2
−2𝑥 + 2 , 𝑥 − 1
𝑥2 − 1 , −1 ≤ 𝑥 < 1/2
1 + 7𝑥/2 , −1/2 ≤ 𝑥 < 0
a)
1 − 7𝑥/2 , 0 ≤ 𝑥 < 1/2
𝑥2 − 1 , 1/2 ≤ 𝑥 < 1
{ 2𝑥 − 2 , 𝑥≥1
−2𝑥 − 2 , 𝑥 < −1
1
−𝑥 2 − 1 , −1 ≤ 𝑥 <
2
b) 1 + 7𝑥/2, −1/2 ≤ 𝑥 < 0
1 − 7𝑥/2, 0 ≤ 𝑥 < 1/2
𝑥 2 − 1 , 1/2 ≤ 𝑥 < 1
{ 2𝑥 − 2 , 𝑥 ≥ 1
−2𝑥 + 2 , 𝑥 ≤ −1
𝑥 2 − 1 , −1 ≤ 𝑥 < 0
c) {
1 + 7𝑥 , 0 ≤ 𝑥 < 1
2𝑥 − 2 , 𝑥 ≥ 1
d) None of these

114. The number of bijective functions from set 𝐴 to itself when A contains 106 elements is
a) 106 b) (106)2 c) 106 ! d) 2106
115. The domain of definition of
3𝑥 − 1
𝑓(𝑥) = log 0.5 {− log 2 ( )} , is
3𝑥 + 2

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a) (−∞, −1/3) b) (−1/3, ∞) c) (1/3, ∞) d) [1/3, ∞)

116. If 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 𝑥 and ϕ(𝑥) = sin 2𝑥, then

3
a) ϕ(𝑓(2)) = sin 2 b) ϕ(𝑓(1)) = 1 c) 𝑓(ϕ(𝜋/12)) = − d) 𝑓(𝑓(1)) = 2
8
117. 𝑓(𝑥) = | sin 𝑥 | has an inverse if its domain is
a) [0, 𝜋] b) [0, 𝜋/2] c) [−𝜋/4, 𝜋/4] d) None of these
118. 2
The function 𝑓(𝑥) = log10 (𝑥 + √𝑥 + 1) is
a) An even function b) An odd function c) Periodic function d) None of these
119. Let 𝑅 be a relation on the set of integers given by 𝑎𝑅𝑏 ⇔ 𝑎 = 2𝑘 . 𝑏 for some integer 𝑘. Then, 𝑅 is
a) An equivalence relation b) reflexive but not symmetric
c) Reflexive and transitive but not symmetric d) Reflexive and symmetric but not transitive
120. A polynomial function 𝑓(𝑥) satisfies the condition
1 1
𝑓(𝑥)𝑓 ( ) = 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑓 ( )
𝑥 𝑥
If 𝑓(10) = 1001, then 𝑓(20) =
a) 2002 b) 8008 c) 8001 d) None of these
121. sin4 𝑥+ cos4 𝑥
The function 𝑓(𝑥) = 3 4 is
𝑥 +𝑥 tan 𝑥
a) Even
b) Odd
c) Periodic with period 𝜋
d) Periodic with period 2 𝜋
122. The value of 𝑏 and 𝑐 for which the identify 𝑓(𝑥 + 1) − 𝑓(𝑥) = 8𝑥 + 3 is satisfied, where 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑏𝑥 2 + 𝑐𝑥 + 𝑑, are
a) 𝑏 = 2, 𝑐 = 1 b) 𝑏 = 4, 𝑐 = −1 c) 𝑏 = −1, 𝑐 = 4 d) 𝑏 = −1, 𝑐 = 1
123. The second degree polynomial 𝑓(𝑥), satisfying 𝑓(0) = 0, 𝑓(1) = 1, 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) > 0 for all 𝑥 ∈ (0, 1)
a) 𝑓(𝑥) = ϕ b) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 + (1 − 𝑎)𝑥 2 ; ∀𝑎 ∈ (0, ∞)
2
c) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 + (1 − 𝑎)𝑥 , 𝑎 ∈ (0, 2) d) No such polynomial
124. 1
If 2𝑓(𝑥 + 1) + 𝑓 ( ) = 2𝑥 and 𝑥 ≠ −1, then 𝑓(2) is equal to
𝑥+1
a) -1 b) 2 c) 5/3 d) 5/2
125. 𝑥, if 𝑥 is rational
𝑓(𝑥) = { and
0, if 𝑥 is irrational
0, if 𝑥 is rational
𝑓(𝑥) = { . Then, 𝑓 − 𝑔 is
𝑥, if 𝑥 is irrational
a) One-one and into b) Neither one-one nor onto
c) Many one and onto d) One-one and onto
126. 1
The value of 𝑥 for which 𝑦 = log 2 {− log1/2 (1 + ) − 1} is a real number are
𝑥 1/4
a) [0, 1] b) (0, 1) c) [1, ∞) d) None of these
127. 2−|𝑥|
If 𝑓(𝑥) = cos −1 ( ) + [log10 (3 − 𝑥)]−1 , then its domain is
4
a) [−2, 6] b) [−6, 2) ∪ (2, 3) c) [−6, 2] d) [−2, 2) ∪ (2,3]
128. The range of the function
𝑓(𝑥) = 1 + sin 𝑥 + sin3 𝑥 + sin5 𝑥 + ⋯ when 𝑥 ∈ (−𝜋/2, 𝜋/2), is
a) (0, 1) b) 𝑅 c) (−2, 2) d) None of these
129. The number of onto mappings from the set 𝐴 = {1, 2, … , 100} to set 𝐵 = {1, 2} is
a) 2100 − 2 b) 2100 c) 299 − 2 d) 299
1
130. If a function 𝑓 satisfies 𝑓{𝑓(𝑥)} = 𝑥 + 1 for all real values of 𝑥 and if 𝑓(0) = , then 𝑓(1) is equal to
2
1 b) 1 3 d) 2
a) c)
2 2
131. The function 𝑓(𝑥) given by
sin 8𝑥 cos 𝑥 − sin 6𝑥 cos 3𝑥
𝑓(𝑥) = , is
cos 𝑥 cos 2𝑥 − sin 3𝑥 sin 4𝑥
a) Periodic with period 𝜋
b) Periodic with period 2𝜋
c) Periodic with period 𝜋/2
d) Not periodic
132. 2𝑥
If 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅, then 𝑓(𝑥) = sin−1 ( ) is equal to
1+𝑥 2

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a) 2 tan−1 𝑥
−𝜋 − 2 tan−1 𝑥, −∞ < 𝑥 < −1
b) { 2 tan−1 𝑥 , −1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1
𝜋 − 2 tan−1 𝑥 , 1 < 𝑥 < ∞
−𝜋 − 2 tan−1 𝑥 , −∞ < 𝑥 < −1
c) { 2 tan−1 𝑥 , −1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1
𝜋 − 2 tan−1 𝑥 , 1 < 𝑥 < ∞
−𝜋 + 2 tan−1 𝑥 , −∞ < 𝑥 ≤ −1
d) { 2 tan−1 𝑥 , −1 < 𝑥 < 1
𝜋 − 2 tan−1 𝑥 , 1 ≤ 𝑥 < ∞
133. If 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 6 + 3𝑥 4 + 4𝑥 2 , then 𝑓′(𝑥) is
a) An even function b) An odd function c) Neither even nor odd d) None of the above
134. The mapping 𝑓: 𝑁 → 𝑁 given 𝑓(𝑛) = 1 + 𝑛2 , 𝑛 ∈ 𝑁 where 𝑁 is the set of natural number, is
a) One-to-one and onto b) Onto but not one-to-one
c) One-to-one but not onto d) Neither one-to-one nor onto
135. Let 𝑓: 𝐴 → 𝐵 and g: 𝐵 → 𝐴 be two functions such that g𝑜𝑓 = 𝐼𝐴 . Then,
a) 𝑓 is an injection and g is a surection
b) 𝑓 is a surjection and g is an injection
c) 𝑓 and g both are injections
d) 𝑓 and g both are surjections
136. If 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑎 − 𝑥 𝑛 )1/𝑛 , where 𝑎 > 0 and 𝑛 ∈ 𝑁, then 𝑓𝑜𝑓(𝑥) is equal to
a) 𝑎 b) 𝑥 c) 𝑥 𝑛 d) 𝑎𝑛
137. Let 𝑟 be a relation from 𝑅 (set of real numbers) to 𝑅 defined by 𝑟 = {(𝑎, 𝑏)|𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ 𝑅 and 𝑎 − 𝑏 + √3 is an irrational
number}. The relation 𝑟 is
a) An equivalent relation b) Reflexive only
c) Symmetric only d) Transitive only
138. 𝑅 is a relation from {11, 12, 13} to {8, 10, 12} defined by 𝑦 = 𝑥 − 3. Then, 𝑅−1 is
a) {(8, 11), (10, 13)} b) {(11, 18), (13, 10)} c) {(10, 13), (8, 11)} d) None of these
139. If 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 is defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 − 14, then 𝑓 −1 (2) equals to
a) {2, 8} b) {-2, 8} c) {-2, -8} d) {ϕ}
The domain of definition of the function
3 2𝑥 + 1
140. 𝑓(𝑥) = √ , is
𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 − 11
a) (0, ∞) b) (−∞, 0) c) 𝑅 − {−1, 11} d) 𝑅
141. 2𝑥 3𝑥
The period of the function sin ( ) + sin ( ) is
3 2
a) 2𝜋 b) 10𝜋 c) 6𝜋 d) 12𝜋
142. 𝑓 ′(𝑥)
The function 𝑓(𝑥) which satisfies 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(−𝑥) = , is given by
𝑥
1 2 1 2 2 /2 2 /2
a) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑒 𝑥 b) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑒 −𝑥 c) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 𝑒 𝑥 d) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑒 𝑥
2 2 𝑛
143. , 𝑛 is even
On the set of integers 𝑍, define 𝑓: 𝑍 → 𝑍 as 𝑓(𝑛) = { 2 }, then ′𝑓 ′ is
0, 𝑛 is odd
a) Injective but not surjective b) Neither injective nor surjective
c) Surjective but not injective d) Bijective
144. The maximum possible domain 𝐷 and the corresponding range 𝐸, for the real function 𝑓(𝑥) = (−1)𝑥 to exist is
a) 𝐷 = 𝑅, 𝐸 = [−1, 1]
b) 𝐷 = 𝐼 (the set of integers), 𝐸 = [−1,1]
c) 𝐷 = 𝑅, 𝐸 = (−1, 1)
+1 when 𝑥 = 0 or even
d) 𝐷 = 𝐼, 𝐸 = {
−1, when 𝑥 is odd
145. If 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅, defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 1, then the values of 𝑓 −1 (17) and 𝑓 −1 (−3) respectively are
a) ϕ, {4, −4} b) {3, −3}, ϕ c) {4, −4}, ϕ d) {4, −4}, {2, −2}
146. Let 𝑓: 𝐴 → 𝐵 and g: 𝐵 → 𝐶 be two functions such that g𝑜𝑓: 𝐴 → 𝐶 is one-one. Then,
a) 𝑓 is one-one b) 𝑓 is one-one c) 𝑓 is both are one-one d) None of these
147. |𝑥|
Let 𝐴 = {𝑥 ∈ 𝑅: 𝑥 ≠ 0, −4 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 4} and 𝑓: 𝐴 ∈ 𝑅 be defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = for 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴. Then, the range of 𝑓 is
𝑥
a) {1, −1} b) {𝑥: 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 4} c) {1} d) {𝑥: −4 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 0}

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148. 𝑥 2 +2𝑥−3
If 𝑓(𝑥) = (9𝑥 + 0.5) log (0.5+𝑥) ( 2 ) is a real number, then 𝑥 belongs to
4𝑥 −4𝑥−3
a) (−1/2, 1)
b) (−1/2, 1/2) ∪ (1/2, 1) ∪ (3/2, ∞)
c) (−1/2 − 1)
d) None of these
149. Let the function 𝑓, 𝑔, ℎ are defined from the set of real numbers 𝑅 to 𝑅 such that 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 1, 𝑔(𝑥) = √(𝑥 2 + 1)
0, if 𝑥 < 0
and ℎ(𝑥) = { , then ℎ𝑜(𝑓𝑜𝑔)(𝑥) is defined by
𝑥, if 𝑥 ≥ 0
a) 𝑥 b) 𝑥 2 c) 0 d) None of these
150. The number of reflexive relations of a set with four elements is equal to
a) 216 b) 212 c) 28 d) 24
151. Let 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏)3 , then the function 𝑔 satisfying 𝑓(g(𝑥)) = g(𝑓(𝑥)) is given by
1/2 1/2
𝑏 − 𝑥 1/3 1 2 1/3 𝑥 1/3 − 𝑏
a) g(𝑥) = ( ) b) g(𝑥) = c) g(𝑥) = (𝑎 𝑥 + 𝑏) d) g(𝑥) = ( )
𝑎 (𝑎 𝑥 2 + 𝑏)3 𝑎
152. If 𝑓(𝑥) = ||𝑥| − 1|, then 𝑓𝑜𝑓(𝑥) equals
|𝑥| − 2, |𝑥| ≥ 2
a) 𝑓(𝑥) = {2 − |𝑥|, 1 < |𝑥| < 2
|𝑥|, |𝑥| ≤ 1
|𝑥| + 2, |𝑥| ≥ 2
b) 𝑓(𝑥) = {|𝑥| − 2, 1 ≤ |𝑥| ≤ 2
|𝑥|, |𝑥| ≤ 2
|𝑥| − 2, |𝑥| ≥ 2
c) 𝑓(𝑥) = {2 + |𝑥|, 1 ≤ |𝑥| ≤ 2
|𝑥|, |𝑥| ≤ 1
d) None of these
153. 𝜋
The domain of definition of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = tan ([𝑥+2]) , is
a) [−2, 1] b) (−2, −1) c) 𝑅 − [−2, −1) d) None of these
154. A function 𝑓: 𝐴 → 𝐵, where 𝐴 = {𝑥: −1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1} and 𝐵 = {𝑦: 1 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 2}, is defined by the rule 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) = 1 + 𝑥 2 .
Which of the following statement is true?
a) 𝑓 is injective but not surjective b) 𝑓 is surjective but not injective
c) 𝑓 is both injective and surjective d) 𝑓 is neither injective nor surjective
155. The function 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅, defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = [𝑥], where [𝑥] denotes the greatest integer less than or equal to 𝑥, is
a) One-one
b) Onto
c) One-one and onto
d) Neither one-one nor onto
156. Let 𝑓: 𝐴 → 𝐵 and 𝑔 ∶ 𝐵 → 𝐶 be bijections, then (𝑓𝑜𝑔)−1 =
a) 𝑓 −1 𝑜𝑔−1 b) fog c) 𝑔−1 𝑜𝑓 −1 d) gof
157. 1 1
Let 𝑓 (𝑥 + ) = 𝑥 2 + 2 , 𝑥 ≠ 0, then 𝑓(𝑥) is equal to
𝑥 𝑥
a) 𝑥 2 b) 𝑥 2 − 1 c) 𝑥 2 − 2 d) 𝑥 2 + 1
158. The relation 𝑅 = {(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3)} on the set {1, 2, 3} is
a) Symmetric only b) Reflexive only
c) An equivalence relation d) Transitive only
159. If 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎 𝑥 + 𝑏 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑐 𝑥 + 𝑑, then 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)) = 𝑔(𝑓(𝑥)) ⇔
a) 𝑓(𝑎) = 𝑔(𝑐) b) 𝑓(𝑏) = 𝑔(𝑏) c) 𝑓(𝑑) = 𝑔(𝑏) d) 𝑓(𝑐) = 𝑔(𝑎)
160. If 𝑓 ∶ 𝑅 → 𝑅 is defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 2[𝑥] for all 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅, where [𝑥] denotes the greatest integer less than or equal to
𝑥, then range of 𝑓, is
a) [0, 1] b) {0, 1} c) (0, ∞) d) (−∞, 0]
161. The domain of definition of
𝑓(𝑥) = log10 {log10 (1 + 𝑥 3 )} , is
a) (−1, ∞) b) (0, ∞) c) [0, ∞) d) (−1,0)
162. Let 𝑅 ={(3, 3), (6, 6), (9, 9), (12, 12), (6, 12), (3, 9), (3, 12), (3, 6)} be a relation on the set 𝐴 = {3, 6, 9, 12}. The
relation is
a) Reflexive and symmetric only b) An equivalence relation
c) Reflexive only d) Reflexive and transitive only

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163. If 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎 𝑥 , which of the following equalities hold?

a) 𝑓(𝑥 + 2) − 2𝑓(𝑥 + 1) + 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑎 − 1)2 𝑓(𝑥)
b) 𝑓(−𝑥)𝑓(𝑥) + 1 = 0
c) 𝑓(𝑥 + 𝑦) = 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑓(𝑦)
d) 𝑓(𝑥 + 3) − 2𝑓(𝑥 + 2) + 𝑓(𝑥 + 1) = (𝑎 − 2)2 𝑓(𝑥 + 1)
164. 10𝑥 −10−𝑥
The inverse of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 −𝑥 + 1 is given by
10 +10
1 𝑥 𝑥 1 𝑥 d) None of these
a) log10 ( ) b) log 10 ( ) c) log10 ( )
2 2−𝑥 2−𝑥 2 1−𝑥
165. If 𝑓(𝑥) = √|3𝑥 − 31−𝑥 | − 2 and 𝑔(𝑥) = tan 𝜋 𝑥, then domain of 𝑓𝑜𝑔 (𝑥) is
1 1 1
a) [𝑛 + , 𝑛 + ] ∪ [𝑛 + , 𝑛 + 1] , 𝑛 ∈ 𝑍
3 2 2
1 1 1
b) (𝑛𝑥 + , 𝑛 + ) ∪ (𝑛 + , 𝑛 + 1) , 𝑛 ∈ 𝑍
4 2 2
1 1 1
c) (𝑛 + , 𝑛 + ) ∪ [𝑛 − , 𝑛 + 1] , 𝑛 ∈ 𝑍
4 2 2
1 1 1
d) [𝑛 + , 𝑥 + ) ∪ (𝑛 + , 𝑛 + 2) , 𝑛 ∈ 𝑍
4 2 2
166. If the functions 𝑓 and 𝑔 are defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 − 4, 𝑔(𝑥) = 3𝑥 + 2 for 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅, respectively then 𝑔−1 (𝑓 −1 (5)) =
a) 1 b) 1/2 c) 1/3 d) 1/4
167. If 𝑓(𝑥) and 𝑔(𝑥) are two real functions such that 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑒 and 𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑒 −𝑥 , then
𝑥

a) 𝑓(𝑥) is an odd function

b) 𝑔(𝑥) is an even function
c) 𝑓(𝑥) and 𝑔(𝑥) are periodic functions
d) None of these
168. 1 𝜋𝑥
Let 𝑓(𝑥) = − tan ( ), −1 < 𝑥 < 1 and 𝑔(𝑥) = √3 + 4𝑥 − 4𝑥 2 , then dom (𝑓 + 𝑔) is given by
2 2

1 1
a) [ , 1] b) c) d) [− , −1]
2 2
169. If 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 6 + 3𝑥 4 + 4𝑥 2 , then 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) is
a) Even function b) An odd function c) Neither even nor odd d) None of these
170. 1−|𝑥|
The domain of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = √cos −1 ( ) is
2
a) (-3, 3) b) [-3, 3] c) (−∞, −3) ∪ (3, ∞) d) (−∞, −3] ∪ [3, ∞)
171. Which of the following functions is one-to -one?
3𝜋 𝜋
a) 𝑓(𝑥) = sin 𝑥, 𝑥 ∈ [−𝜋, 𝜋] b) 𝑓(𝑥) = sin 𝑥, 𝑥 ∈ [−
,− ]
2 4
𝜋 𝜋 3𝜋
c) 𝑓(𝑥) = cos 𝑥, 𝑥 ∈ [− , ] d) 𝑓(𝑥) = cos 𝑥, 𝑥 ∈ [𝜋, ]
2 2 2
1+𝑥 3 𝑥+𝑥 3
172. Given 𝑓(𝑥) = log ( ) and 𝑔(𝑥) = , then 𝑓𝑜𝑔(𝑥) equals
1−𝑥 1+3 𝑥 2
a) −𝑓(𝑥) b) 3 𝑓(𝑥) c) [𝑓(𝑥)]3 d) None of these
173. 1
The largest possible set of real numbers which can be the domain of 𝑓(𝑥) = √1 − is
𝑥
a) (0, 1) ∪ (0, ∞) b) (−1, 0) ∪ (1, ∞) c) (−∞, −1) ∪ (0, ∞) d) (−∞, 0) ∪ [1, ∞)
174. 𝑥2
The set of values of 𝑎 for which the function 𝑓(𝑥) = sin 𝑥 + [ ] defined on [−2,2] is an odd function, is
𝑎
a) (4, ∞) b) [−4, 4] c) (−∞, 4) d) None of these
175. On the set 𝑁 of all natural numbers define the relation 𝑅 by 𝑎𝑅𝑏if and only if the GCD of 𝑎 and 𝑏 is 2, then 𝑅 is
a) Reflexive, but not symmetric b) Symmetric only
c) Reflexive, and transitive d) Reflexive, symmetric and transitive
176. Let 𝑓(𝑥) be a real valued function defined by
𝑓(𝑥 + 𝜆) = 1 + [2 − 5𝑓(𝑥) + 10{𝑓(𝑥)}2 − 10{𝑓(𝑥)}3 + 5{𝑓(𝑥)}4 − {𝑓(𝑥)}5 ]1/5 for all real 𝑥 and some positive
constant 𝜆, then 𝑓(𝑥) is
a) A periodic function with period 𝜆
b) A periodic function with period 2 𝜆
c) Not a periodic function
d) A periodic function with indeterminate period
177. 1
The domain of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = √log10 (|sin ), is
𝑥|

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a) 𝑅 − {−𝜋, 𝜋} b) 𝑅 − {𝑛 𝜋|𝑛 ∈ 𝑍} c) 𝑅 − {2𝑛 𝜋|𝑛 ∈ 𝑧} d) (−∞, ∞)

178. 1+𝑥
The function 𝑓(𝑥) = log ( ) satisfies the equation
1−𝑥
a) 𝑓(𝑥 + 2) − 2𝑓(𝑥 + 1) + 𝑓(𝑥) = 0 b) 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑓(𝑥 + 1) = 𝑓{𝑥(𝑥 + 1)}
𝑥+𝑦
c) 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑓(𝑦) = 𝑓 ( ) d) 𝑓(𝑥 + 𝑦) = 𝑓(𝑥)𝑓(𝑦)
1 + 𝑥𝑦
179. If 𝑓(𝑥) is defined on [0, 1], then the domain of definition of 𝑓(tan 𝑥) is
a) [𝑛 𝜋, 𝑛 𝜋 + 𝜋/4], 𝑛 ∈ 𝑍
b) [2 𝑛 𝜋, 2𝑛𝜋 + 𝜋/4], 𝑛 ∈ 𝑍
c) [𝑛𝜋 − 𝜋/4, 𝑛𝜋 + 𝜋/4], 𝑛 ∈ 𝑍]
d) None of these
180. If a function 𝐹 is such that 𝐹(0) = 2, 𝐹(1) = 3, 𝐹(𝑛 + 2) = 2𝐹(𝑛) − 𝐹(𝑛 + 1) for 𝑛 ≠ 0, then 𝐹(5) is equal to
a) -7 b) -3 c) 7 d) 13
181. −1
𝑓(𝑥) = √sin (log 2 𝑥) exists for
a) 𝑥 ∈ (1, 2) b) 𝑥 ∈ [1, 2] c) 𝑥 ∈ [2, ∞) d) 𝑥 ∈ (0, ∞)
182. 1, 𝑥 ∈ 𝑄
The function 𝑓(𝑥) = { is
0, 𝑥 ∉ 𝑄
a) Periodic with period 1
b) Periodic with period 2
c) Not periodic
d) Periodic with indeterminate period
183. sec4 𝑥+cosec4 𝑥
The function 𝑓(𝑥) = is
𝑥 3 +𝑥 4 cot 𝑥
a) Even
b) Odd
c) Neither even nor odd
d) Periodic with period 𝜋
184. The function 𝑓(𝑥) = | cos 𝑥 | is periodic with period
𝜋 𝜋
a) 2 𝜋 b) 𝜋 c) d)
2 4
185. If 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 𝑛 , 𝑛 ∈ 𝑁 and g𝑜𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑛 g (𝑥), then g(𝑥) can be
a) 𝑛|𝑥| b) 3𝑥 1/3 c) 𝑒 𝑥 d) log |𝑥|
186. If 𝑓(𝑥) is an odd function, then the curve 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) is symmetric
a) About 𝑥-axis
b) About 𝑦-axis
c) About both the axes
d) In opposite quadrants
187. If the function 𝑓: [1, ∞) → [1, ∞) is defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥(𝑥−1) , then 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) is
1 𝑥(𝑥−1) 1
a) ( ) b) (1 + √1 + 4 log 2 𝑦)
2 2
1
c) (1 − √1 + 4 log 2 𝑦) d) ∞
2
188. 8 8
If 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 and 𝑔: 𝑅 → 𝑅 are defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = |𝑥| and 𝑔(𝑥) = [𝑥 − 3] for 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅, then {𝑔(𝑓(𝑥)): − < 𝑥 < } is
5 5
equal to
a) {0, 1} b) {1, 2} c) {-3, -2} d) {2, 3}
189. The domain of definition of
𝑓(𝑥) = log10 {1 − log10 (𝑥 5 − 5𝑥 + 16)}, is
a) (1, 3) b) (2, 3) c) [2, 3] d) None of these
190. The period of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = sin2 𝑥 + cos 4 𝑥 is
𝜋 d) None of these
a) 𝜋 b) c) 2𝜋
2
191. If 𝑓(𝑥) = sin 𝑥 + cos 𝑥, 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 1, then 𝑔(𝑓(𝑥)) is invertible in the domain
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
a) [0, ] b) [− , ] c) [− , ] d) [0, 𝜋]
2 4 4 2 2
192. 𝜋
Domain of definition of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = √sin− (2𝑥) + for real valued 𝑥, is
6
1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 [− , ]
a) [− , ] b) [− , ] c) (− , ) d) 4 4
4 2 2 2 2 9

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193. 1+𝑥 2𝑥
If 𝑓(𝑥) = log ( ), then 𝑓 ( 2 ) will be equal to
1−𝑥 1+𝑥
a) 2𝑓(𝑥 2 ) b) 𝑓(𝑥 2 ) c) 2𝑓(2𝑥) d) 2𝑓(𝑥)
194. The domain of 𝑓(𝑥) = log | log 𝑒 𝑥 |, is
a) (0, ∞) b) (1, ∞) c) (0,1) ∪ (1, ∞) d) (−∞, 1)
195. If 𝑓(𝑥) is an even function, then the curve 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) is symmetric about
a) 𝑥-axis b) 𝑦-axis c) Both the axes d) None of these
196. 𝑥 1/2002
If 𝑓(𝑥) = ( ) , then 𝐷𝑓 is
1−|𝑥|
a) 𝑅 − [−1, 1] b) (−∞, 1) c) (−∞, −1) ∪ (0, 1) d) None of these
197. [𝑥], if − 3 < 𝑥 ≤ −1
If 𝑓(𝑥) = { |𝑥|, if − 1 < 𝑥 < 1 }, then the set (𝑥: 𝑓(𝑥) ≥ 0)to
|[𝑥]|, if 1 ≤ 𝑥 < 3
a) (-1, 3) b) [-1, 3) c) (-1, 3] d) [-1, 3]
𝑥
198. If 𝑓(𝑥) = , 𝑥 ≠ 1 then
𝑥−1

is equal to
𝑥 𝑥 19𝑥
a) b) ( ) 19 c) d) 𝑥
𝑥−1 𝑥−1 𝑥−1
199. The domain of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = log10 (√𝑥 − 4 + √6 − 𝑥), is
a) [4, 6] b) (−∞, 6) c) (2, 3) d) None of these
200. If 𝑓 ∶ 𝑁 → 𝑁 is defined by 𝑓(𝑛) = the sum of positive divisors of 𝑛, then 𝑓(2𝑘 × 3), where 𝑘 is a positive integer, is
a) 2𝑘+1 − 1 b) 2(2𝑘+1 − 1) c) 3(2𝑘+1 − 1) d) 4(2𝑘+1 − 1)
201. Let 𝐴 = {𝑥 ∶ −1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1} and 𝑓 ∶ 𝐴 → 𝐴 such that 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥|𝑥|, then 𝑓 is
a) A bijection
b) Injective but not surjective
c) Surjective but not injective
d) Neither injective nor surjective
202. 𝑥2
The domain of the function sin− (log 2 ) is
2
a) [-1, 2]-{0} b) [-2, 2]-(-1, 1) c) [-2, 2]-{0} d) [1, 2]
203. If 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑐𝑥 + 𝑑, then 𝑓{𝑔(𝑥)} = 𝑔{𝑓(𝑥)} is equivalent to
a) 𝑓(𝑎) = 𝑓(𝑐) b) 𝑓(𝑏) = 𝑔(𝑏) c) 𝑓(𝑑) = 𝑔(𝑏) d) 𝑓(𝑐) = 𝑔(𝑎)
204. The period of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = sin4 3𝑥 + cos 4 3𝑥 is
a) 𝜋/2 b) 𝜋/3 c) 𝜋/6 d) None of these
205. 1+𝑥 3 𝑥+𝑥 3
Given 𝑓(𝑥) = log10 ( ) and 𝑔(𝑥) =
, then 𝑓𝑜𝑔 (𝑥) equals
1−𝑥 1+3 𝑥 2
a) −𝑓(𝑥) b) 3 𝑓(𝑥) c) [𝑓(𝑥)]3 d) None of these
206. Which of the following functions is not an are not an injective map(s)?
a) 𝑓(𝑥) = |𝑥 + 1|, 𝑥 ∈ [−1, ∞)
1
b) 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 + , 𝑥 ∈ (0, ∞)
𝑥
c) ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 5, 𝑥 ∈ (0, ∞)
d) ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑒 −𝑥 , 𝑥 ∈ [0, ∞)
207. If 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 and 𝑔: 𝑅 → 𝑅 are defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 − [𝑥] and 𝑔(𝑥) = [𝑥] for 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅, where [𝑥] is the greatest integer
not exceeding 𝑥, then for every 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅, 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)) is equal to
a) 𝑥 b) 0 c) 𝑓(𝑥) d) 𝑔(𝑥)
208. log0.3 |𝑥−2|
The domain of definition of 𝑓(𝑥) = √ , is
|𝑥|
a) [1, 2) ∪ (2, 3] b) [1, 3] c) 𝑅 − (1, 3] d) None of these
209. 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 given by 𝑓(𝑥) = 5 − 3 sin 𝑥, is
a) One-one b) Onto c) One-one and onto d) None of these
210. If 𝑓(𝑥 + 2𝑦, 𝑥 − 2𝑦) = 𝑥𝑦, then 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) equals
𝑥 2 − 𝑦2 𝑥 2 − 𝑦2 𝑥 2 + 𝑦2 𝑥 2 − 𝑦2
a) b) c) d)
8 4 4 2
211. If 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 is defined as 𝑓(𝑥) = (1 − 𝑥)1/3 , then 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) is
1 − 𝑥 1/3
a) (1 − 𝑥)−1/3 b) (1 − 𝑥)3 c) 1 − 𝑥 3 d)

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212. If 𝑓(𝑥 + 2𝑦, 𝑥, 𝑥 − 2𝑦) = 𝑥𝑦, then 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) equals

𝑥 2 − 𝑦2 𝑥 2 − 𝑦2 𝑥 2 + 𝑦2 𝑥 2 − 𝑦2
a) b) c) d)
8 4 4 2
213. Let 𝑓: [4, ∞[→ [4, ∞[ be defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 5𝑥(𝑥−4) then 𝑓 −1 (𝑥)
1 𝑥(𝑥−4) d) Not defined
a) 2 − √4 + log 5 𝑥 b) 2 + √4 + log 5 𝑥 c) ( )
5
214. If 𝑓: [2, 3] → 𝑅 is defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 − 2, then the range 𝑓(𝑥) is contained in the interval
a) [1, 12] b) [12, 34] c) [35, 50] d) [-12, 12]
215. The period of sin2 𝜃, is
a) 𝜋 2 b) 𝜋 c) 2 𝜋 d) 𝜋/2
cos 𝑛𝑥
216. If 𝑛 ∈ 𝑁, and the period of 𝑥 is 4𝜋, then 𝑛 is equal to
sin( )
𝑛
a) 4 b) 3 c) 2 d) 1
217. Foe real 𝑥, let 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 5𝑥 + 1, then
a) 𝑓 is one-one but not onto 𝑅 b) 𝑓 is onto 𝑅 but not one-one
c) 𝑓 is one-one and onto 𝑅 d) 𝑓 is neither one-one nor onto 𝑅
1
218. The range of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = , is
2−cos 3 𝑥
a) [−1/3, 0] b) 𝑅 c) [1/3, 1] d) None of these
219. Let 𝐴 = {2, 3, 4, 5, … , 16, 17, 18}. Let be the equivalence relation on 𝐴 × 𝐴, cartesian product of 𝐴 and 𝐴, defined by
(𝑎, 𝑏) ≈ (𝑐, 𝑑) if 𝑎𝑑 = 𝑏𝑐, then the number of ordered pairs of the equivalence class of (3, 2) is
a) 4 b) 5 c) 6 d) 7
220. Let 𝑛 be the natural number. Then, the range of the function 𝑓(𝑛) = 8 − 𝑛𝑃𝑛−4 , 4 ≤ 𝑛 ≤ 6, is
a) {1, 2, 3, 4} b) {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} c) {1, 2, 3} d) {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
221. Let 𝑋 and 𝑌 be subsets of 𝑅, the set of all real numbers. The function 𝑓: 𝑋 → 𝑌 defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 for 𝑥 ∈ 𝑋 is one-
one but not onto, if (Here, 𝑅+ is the set of all positive real numbers)
a) 𝑋 = 𝑌 = 𝑅 + b) 𝑋 = 𝑅, 𝑌 = 𝑅+ c) 𝑋 = 𝑅 + , 𝑌 = 𝑅 d) 𝑋 = 𝑌 = 𝑅
222. If 𝑓(𝑥). 𝑓(1/𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑓(1/𝑥) and 𝑓(4) = 65, then 𝑓(6) is
a) 65 b) 217 c) 215 d) 64
223. The graph of the function of 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) is symmetrical about the line 𝑥 = 2, then
a) 𝑓(𝑥 + 2) = 𝑓(𝑥 − 2) b) 𝑓(2 + 𝑥) = 𝑓(2 − 𝑥) c) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(−𝑥) d) 𝑓(𝑥) = −𝑓(−𝑥)
224. −1; 𝑥 < 0
If 𝑓(𝑥) = { 0; 𝑥 = 0 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥(1 − 𝑥 2 ), then
1; 𝑥 > 0
−1; −1 < 𝑥 < 0 or 𝑥 > 1
a) 𝑓𝑜𝑔 (𝑥) = { 0; 𝑥 = 0, 1, −1
1; 0<𝑥<1
−1; −1 < 𝑥 < 0
b) 𝑓𝑜𝑔 (𝑥) = { 0; 𝑥 = 0,1, −1
1; 0 < 𝑥 < 1
−1; −1 < 𝑥 < 0 or 𝑥 > 1
c) 𝑓𝑜𝑔 (𝑥) = { 0; 𝑥 = 0, 1, −1
1; 0 < 𝑥 < 1 or 𝑥 < −1
1; −1 < 𝑥 < 0 or 𝑥 > 1
d) 𝑓𝑜𝑔 (𝑥) = { 0; 𝑥 = 0,1, −1
1; 0 < 𝑥 < 1 or 𝑥 < −1
225. 𝑥2 = 𝑥𝑦 is a relation which is
a) Symmetric b) Reflexive and transitive
c) Transitive d) None of these
226. The period of
𝜋𝑥 𝜋𝑥
𝑓(𝑥) = sin ( ) + cos ( ) , 𝑛 ∈ 𝑍, 𝑛 > 2, is
𝑛−1 𝑛
a) 2𝑛 𝜋(𝑛 − 1) b) 4(𝑛 − 1) 𝜋 c) 2𝑛 (𝑛 − 1) d) None of these
227. 𝑓 ∶ [−4,0] → 𝑅 is given by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑒 𝑥 + sin 𝑥, its even extension to [−4,4], is
a) −𝑒 |𝑥 − sin |𝑥| b) 𝑒 −|𝑥| − sin |𝑥| c) 𝑒 −|𝑥| + sin |𝑥| d) −𝑒 −|𝑥|+sin|𝑥|
228. |𝑥|3 +|𝑥|
Let 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 be a function defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = − , then the graph of 𝑓(𝑥) lies in the
1+𝑥 2
a) I and II quadrants b) I and III quadrants c) II and III quadrants d) III and IV quadrants
229. 3𝑥−1
The domain of the real valued function 𝑓(𝑥) = √1 − 2𝑥 + 2 sin−1 ( ) is
2
1 1 1 1 1 1
a) [− , 1] b) [ , 1] c) [− , ] d) [− , ]
3 2 2 3 3 2

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230. The domain of function 𝑓(𝑥) = log (𝑥+3) (𝑥 2 − 1) is

a) (−3, −1) ∪ (1, ∞)
b) [−3, −1) ∪ [1, ∞)
c) (−3, −2) ∪ (−2, −1) ∪ (1, ∞)
d) [−3, −2) ∪ (−2, −1) ∪ [1, ∞)
231. The range of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 7 is
a) (−∞, 0) b) [−2, ∞) c) (−∞, ∞) d) (−∞, −2)
232. 𝑒 𝑥 −𝑒 −𝑥
The inverse of the function 𝑓: 𝑅 → (−1,3) is given by 𝑓(𝑥) = +2
𝑒 𝑥 +𝑒 −𝑥
−2 1/2
𝑥−1 𝑥−2 𝑥 1/2 𝑥 − 1 1/2
a) log ( ) b) log ( ) c) log ( ) d) log ( )
𝑥+1 𝑥−1 2−𝑥 3−𝑥
4 𝑥 1 2 96
233. If 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 , then 𝑓 ( ) + 𝑓 ( ) +. … + 𝑓 ( ) is equal to
4 +2 97 97 97
a) 1 b) 48 c) -48 d) -1
234. The period of the function
sin 8x cosx−sin 6x cos3x
𝑓(𝑥) = is
cos 2x cos x−sin 3x sin 4x
𝜋 d) None of these
a) 𝜋 b) 2𝜋 c)
2
235. Let 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅: 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 and 𝑔: 𝑅 → 𝑅: 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 5, then 𝑔𝑜𝑓 is
a) (𝑥 + 5) b) (𝑥 + 52 ) c) (𝑥 2 + 52 ) d) (𝑥 2 + 5)
2
236. The function 𝑓(𝑥) = log 2𝑥−5 (𝑥 − 3𝑥 − 10) is defined for all 𝑥 belonging to
a) [5, ∞) b) (5, ∞) c) (−∞, +5) d) None of these
237. 𝑥2
Range of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 2 is
𝑥 +1
a) (-1, 0) b) (-1, 1) c) [0, 1) d) (1, 1)
238. Let 𝑓(𝑥) = |𝑥 − 1|. Then,
a) 𝑓(𝑥 2 ) = [𝑓(𝑥)]2
b) 𝑓(|𝑥|) = |𝑓(𝑥)|
c) 𝑓(𝑥 + 𝑦) = 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑓(𝑦)
d) None of these
239. If 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎 𝑥 , which of the following equalities do not hold?
a) 𝑓(𝑥 + 2) − 2𝑓(𝑥 + 1) + 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑎 − 1)2 𝑓(𝑥)
b) 𝑓(−𝑥)𝑓(𝑥) − 1 = 0
c) 𝑓(𝑥 + 𝑦) = 𝑓(𝑥)𝑓(𝑦)
d) 𝑓(𝑥 + 3) − 2 𝑓(𝑥 + 2) + 𝑓 (𝑥 + 1) = (𝑎 − 2)2 𝑓 (𝑥 + 1)
240. Let 𝐴 = {𝑥 ∈ 𝑅: 𝑥 ≤ 1} and 𝑓: 𝐴 → 𝐴 be defined as 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥(2 − 𝑥). Then, 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) is
a) 1 + √1 − 𝑥 b) 1 − √1 − 𝑥 c) √1 − 𝑥 d) 1 ± √1 − 𝑥
𝜋𝑥 𝜋𝑥 𝜋𝑥
241. The function 𝑓(𝑥) = sin + 2 cos − tan is periodic with period
2 3 4
a) 6 b) 3 c) 4 d) 12
242. The equivalent definition of the function
𝑥 𝑛 − 𝑥 −𝑛
𝑓(𝑥) = lim 𝑛 , 𝑥 > 0, is
𝑛→∞ 𝑥 + 𝑥 −𝑛
−1, 0 < 𝑥 ≤ 1
a) 𝑓(𝑥) = {
1, 𝑥>1
−1, 0 < 𝑥 < 1
b) 𝑓(𝑥) = {
1, 𝑥≥1
−1, 0 < 𝑥 < 1
c) 𝑓(𝑥) = { 0, 𝑥=1
1, 𝑥>1
d) None of these
243. Let 𝑅 = {(1, 3), (4, 2), (2, 4), (2, 3), (3, 1)} be a relation on the set 𝐴 = {1, 2, 3, 4}. The relation 𝑅 is
a) A function b) Transitive c) Not symmetric d) Reflexive
244. The domain of the function
𝑓(𝑥) = 16−𝑥 𝐶2𝑥−1 + 20−3𝑥 𝑃4𝑥−5 , where the symbols have their usual meanings, is the set
a) {2, 3} b) {2, 3, 4} c) {1, 2, 3, 4} d) {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
245. If 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝐶 is defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑒 2𝑖𝑥 for 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅, then 𝑓 is (where 𝐶 denotes the set of all complex numbers)
a) One-one b) Onto
c) One-one and onto d) Neither one-one nor onto

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246. The domain of the function

𝑓(𝑥) = log10 (√𝑥 − 4 + √6 − 𝑥) is
a) [4, 6] b) (−∞, 6) c) [2, 3) d) None of these
2 −1
247. If 𝑓(𝑥) = sin 𝑥, 𝑔(𝑥) = √𝑥 and ℎ(𝑥) = cos 𝑥, 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1, then
a) ℎ𝑜𝑔𝑜𝑓 = 𝑓𝑜𝑔𝑜ℎ b) 𝑔𝑜𝑓𝑜ℎ = 𝑓𝑜ℎ𝑜𝑔 c) 𝑓𝑜ℎ𝑜𝑔 = ℎ𝑜𝑔𝑜𝑓 d) None of these
248. 2𝑥 +2−𝑥
If 𝑓(𝑥) = , then 𝑓(𝑥 + 𝑦)𝑓(𝑥 − 𝑦) is equal to
2
1 1 1 1
a) {𝑓(2𝑥) + 𝑓(2𝑦)} b) {𝑓(2𝑥) − 𝑓(2𝑦)} c) {𝑓(2𝑥) + 𝑓(2𝑦)} d) {𝑓(2𝑥) − 𝑓(2𝑦)}
2 2 4 4
249. The relation 𝑅 defined on the set of natural numbers as {(𝑎, 𝑏): 𝑎 differs from 𝑏 by 3} is given by
a) {(1, 4), (2, 5), (3, 6), ...} b) {(4, 1), (5, 2), (6, 3), ...}
c) {(1, 3), (2, 6), (3, 9), ...} d) None of the above
250. The domain of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = sin−1 (log 3 (𝑥/3)) is
a) [1, 9] b) [−1, 9] c) [−9, 1] d) [−9, −1]
251. √4−𝑥 2
The range of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = sin {log10 ( )} , is
1−𝑥
a) [0, 1] b) (−1, 0) c) [−1, 1] d) (−1,1)
𝑎𝑥+𝑏
252. Let 𝑓(𝑥) = . Then, 𝑓𝑜𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 provided that
𝑐𝑥+𝑑
a) 𝑑 = −𝑎 b) 𝑑 = 𝑎 c) 𝑎 = 𝑏 = 𝑐 = 𝑑 = 1 d) 𝑎 = 𝑏 = 1
𝑎𝑥+𝑏
253. Let 𝐶 denote the set of all complex numbers. The function 𝑓 ∶ 𝐶 → 𝐶 defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = for 𝑥 ∈ 𝐶, where 𝑏𝑑 ≠ 0
𝑐𝑥+𝑑
reduces to a constant function if:
a) 𝑎 = 𝑐 b) 𝑏 = 𝑑 c) 𝑎𝑑 = 𝑏𝑐 d) 𝑎𝑏 = 𝑐𝑑
254. If sin 𝜆 𝑥 + cos 𝜆 𝑥 and |sin 𝑥| + |cos 𝑥| are periodic function with the same period, then 𝜆 =
a) 0 b) 1 c) 2 d) 4
255. 2
The domain of definition of the real function 𝑓(𝑥) = √log12 𝑥 of the real variable 𝑥, is
a) 𝑥 > 0 b) |𝑥| ≥ 1 c) |𝑥| ≥ 4 d) 𝑥 ≥ 4
256. If 𝑓(𝑥) is an even function and 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) exists, then 𝑓 ′ (𝑒) + 𝑓 ′ (−𝑒) is
a) >0 b) = 0 c) ≥ 0 d) <0
257. 1+𝑥 2𝑥
If 𝑓(𝑥) = log ( ) , then 𝑓 ( 2) is equal to
1−𝑥 1+𝑥
a) {𝑓(𝑥)}2 b) {𝑓(𝑥)}3 c) 2𝑓(𝑥) d) 3𝑓 (𝑥)
258. If the function 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 is defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = cos 2 𝑥 + sin4 𝑥 then 𝑓(𝑅) =
a) [3/4,1) b) (3/4,1] c) [3/4,1] d) (3/4,1)
259. −1 𝑥
The domain of sin [log 2 ( )] is
12
a) [2, 12] b) [-1, 1] 1
c) [ , 24] d) [6, 24]
3
260. 𝜋 𝜋 2 𝑥
The largest interval lying in (− , ) for which the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 4−𝑥 + cos −1 ( − 1) + log(cos 𝑥) is defined, is
2 2 2
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
a) [0, 𝜋] b) (− , ) c) d) [0, ]
2 2 2
261. Let 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 be define by 𝑓(𝑥) = 3 𝑥 − 4. Then, 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) is
𝑥+4 𝑥 d) None of these
a) b) − 4 c) 3 𝑥 + 4
3 3
𝑥−1
262. The interval in which the function 𝑦 = 2 transforms the real line is
𝑥 −3 𝑥+3
a) (0, ∞) b) (−∞, ∞) c) [0, 1] d) [−1/3, 1] − {0}
1
263.
The domain of definition of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 , is
log10 𝑥

a) (0, 1) ∪ (1, ∞) b) (0, ∞) c) [0, ∞) d) [0, 1) ∪ (1, ∞)

264. Let 𝑊denotes the words in the English dictionary. Define the relation 𝑅 by
𝑅 = {(𝑥, 𝑦) ∈ 𝑊 × 𝑊: the world 𝑥 and 𝑦 have at least one letter in common}. Then, 𝑅 is
a) Reflexive, symmetric and not transitive b) Reflexive, symmetric and transitive
c) Reflexive, not symmetric and transitive d) Not reflexive, symmetric and transitive
𝑎𝑥+𝑏
265. The function 𝑓: 𝐶 → 𝐶 defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = for 𝑥 ∈ 𝐶 where 𝑏𝑑 ≠ 0 reduces to a constant function, if
𝑐𝑥+𝑑
a) 𝑎 = 𝑐 b) 𝑏 = 𝑑 c) 𝑎𝑑 = 𝑏𝑐 d) 𝑎𝑏 = 𝑐𝑑
266. Let 𝐴 = {𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧}, 𝐵 = {𝑢, 𝑣, 𝜔} and 𝑓: 𝐴 → 𝐵 be defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑢, 𝑓(𝑦) = 𝑣, 𝑓(𝑧) = 𝜔. Then, 𝑓 is
a) Surjective but not injective
b) Injective but not surjective
c) Bijective

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d) None of these
267. Consider the following relations 𝑅 ={(x,y)│x, y are real numbers and x=wy for some rational number w};𝑆 =
𝑚 𝑝
{( , ) |𝑚, 𝑛, 𝑝 and 𝑞 are integers such that 𝑛, 𝑞 ≠ 0 and 𝑞𝑚 = 𝑝𝑛}. Then
𝑛 𝑞
𝑅 is an equivalence relation but 𝑆 is not an equivalence
a) b) Neither 𝑅 nor 𝑆 is an equivalence relation
relation
𝑆 is an equivalence relation but 𝑅 is not an equivalence
c) d) 𝑅 and 𝑆 both are equivalence relations
relation
268. Which of the following functions has period 𝜋 ?
a) |− tan 𝑥| + cos 2 𝑥
𝜋𝑥 2𝜋𝑥
b) 2 sin + 3 cos
3 3
𝜋 3𝜋
c) 6 cos (2 𝜋 𝑥 + ) + 5 sin (𝜋 𝑥 + )
4 4
d) |tan 2𝑥| + |sin 4𝑥|
269. The range of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = √(𝑥 − 1)(3 − 𝑥) is
a) [0, 1] b) (-1, 1) c) (-3, 3) d) (-3, 1)
270. Let 𝐴 = {𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧} and 𝐵 = {𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐, 𝑑}. Which one of the following is not a relation from 𝐴 to 𝐵?
a) {(𝑥, 𝑎), (𝑥, 𝑐)} b) {(𝑦, 𝑐), (𝑦, 𝑑)} c) {(𝑧, 𝑎), (𝑧, 𝑑)} d) {(𝑧, 𝑏), (𝑦, 𝑏), (𝑎, 𝑑)}
271. If 𝑓(𝑥) defined on [0, 1] by the rule
𝑥, if 𝑥 is rational
𝑓(𝑥) = {
1 − 𝑥, if 𝑥 is irrational
Then, for all 𝑥 ∈ [0, 1], 𝑓(𝑓(𝑥)) is
a) Constant b) 1 + 𝑥 c) 𝑥 d) None of these
272. Let 𝑓(𝑥) = min{𝑥, 𝑥 2 }, for every 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅. Then,
𝑥, 𝑥 ≥ 1
a) 𝑓(𝑥) = {𝑥 2 , 0 ≤ 𝑥 < 1
𝑥, 𝑥 < 0
𝑥 2, 𝑥 ≥ 1
b) 𝑓(𝑥) = {
𝑥, 𝑥 < 1
𝑥, 𝑥 ≥ 1
c) 𝑓(𝑥) = { 2
𝑥 , 𝑥<1
𝑥 2, 𝑥 ≥ 1
d) 𝑓(𝑥) = {𝑥, 0 ≤ 𝑥 < 1
𝑥 2, 𝑥 < 0
273. If X = {1,2,3,4}, then one-one onto mappings 𝑓: X → X such that 𝑓(1) = 1, 𝑓(2) ≠ 2, 𝑓(4) ≠ 4 are given by
a) 𝑓 = {(1,1), (2,3), (3,4), (4,2)}
b) 𝑓 = {(1, 2), (2, 4), (3, 3), (4, 2)}
c) 𝑓 = {(1, 2), (2, 4), (3, 2), (4, 3)}
d) None of these
274. The domain of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = exp(√5𝑥 − 3 − 2𝑥 2 ) is
a) [3/2, ∞) b) [1, 3/2] c) (−∞, 1) d) (1, 3/2)
275. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + √𝑥 2 is a function from 𝑅 to𝑅, then 𝑓(𝑥) is
a) Injective b) Surjective c) Bijective d) None of these
276. sin4 𝑥+cos2 𝑥
If 𝑓(𝑥) = 2 for 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅, then 𝑓(2010) =
sin 𝑥 +cos4 𝑥
a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4
277. If 𝑏 2 − 4 𝑎𝑐 = 0, 𝑎 > 0, then the domain of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = log{𝑎𝑥 3 + (𝑎 + 𝑏)𝑥 2 + (𝑏 + 𝑐)𝑥 + 𝑐)} is
𝑏
a) 𝑅 − {− }
2𝑎
𝑏
b) 𝑅 − {{− } ∪ {𝑥|𝑥 ≥ −1}}
2𝑎
𝑏
c) 𝑅 − {{− } ∩ (−∞, −1]}
2𝑎
d) None of these
278. 10𝑥 −10−𝑥
The inverse of the function 𝑦 = 𝑥 −𝑥 is
10 +10
1 1+𝑥 1 2+𝑥 1 1−𝑥 d) None of these
a) log10 ( ) b) log10 ( ) c) log ( )
2 1−𝑥 2 2−𝑥 2 10 1 + 𝑥

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279. If 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 is given by
−1, when 𝑥 is rational
𝑓(𝑥) = { ,
1, when 𝑥 is irrational
Then (𝑓𝑜𝑓)(1 − √3) is equal to
a) 1 b) -1 c) √3 d) 0
280. The function 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 6𝑥 + 6|𝑥| , is
a) One-one and onto b) Many one and onto c) One-one and into d) Many one and into
281. Let 𝑓: 𝑁 → 𝑌 be a function defined as 𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑥 + 3 where 𝑌 = {𝑦 ∈ 𝑁: 𝑦 = 4𝑥 + 3 for some 𝑥 ∈ 𝑁}. Show that 𝑓 is
invertible and its inverse is
𝑦−3 3𝑦 + 4 𝑦+3 𝑦+3
a) 𝑔(𝑦) = b) 𝑔(𝑦) = c) 𝑔(𝑦) = 4 + d) 𝑔(𝑦) =
4 3 4 4
282. If 𝑓(𝑥) = √cos(sin 𝑥) + √sin(cos 𝑥), then range of 𝑓(𝑥) is
a) [√cos 1 , √sin 1] b) [√cos 1 , 1 + √sin 1] c) [1 − √cos 1 , √sin 1] d) None of these
283. Let 𝑓: 𝐴 → 𝐵 and g: 𝐵 → 𝐶 be two functions such that g𝑜𝑓: 𝐴 → 𝐶 is onto and g is one-one. Then,
a) 𝑓 is one-one
b) 𝑓 is onto
c) 𝑓 is both one-one and onto
d) None of these
284. Let 𝑓: (𝑒, ∞) → 𝑅 be defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = log[log(log 𝑥)], then
a) 𝑓 is one-one but not onto
b) 𝑓 is onto but not one-one
c) 𝑓 is both one-one and onto
d) 𝑓 is neither one-one nor onto
285. If 𝑓: [−6, 6] → 𝑅 is defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 3 for 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅, then (𝑓𝑜𝑓𝑜𝑓)(−1) + (𝑓𝑜𝑓𝑜𝑓)(0) + (𝑓𝑜𝑓𝑜𝑓)(1) is equal to
a) 𝑓(4√2) b) 𝑓(3√2) c) 𝑓(2√2) d) 𝑓(√2)
𝑥−𝑚
286. Let 𝑓 ∶ 𝑅 = {𝑛} → 𝑅 be a function defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = , where 𝑚 ≠ 𝑛. Then,
𝑥−𝑛
a) 𝑓 is one-one onto b) 𝑓 is one-one into c) 𝑓 is many one onto d) 𝑓 is may one into
287. Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥, 𝑔(𝑥) = 1/𝑥 and ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥)𝑔(𝑥). Then, ℎ(𝑥) = 1, if
a) 𝑥 is any rational number
b) 𝑥 is a non-zero real number
c) 𝑥 is a real number
d) 𝑥 is a rational number
288. Which of the following is not periodic?
a) |sin 3𝑥| + sin2 𝑥 b) cos √𝑥 + cos 2 𝑥 c) cos 4𝑥 + tan2 𝑥 d) cos 2𝑥 + sin 𝑥
289. If 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 , then 𝑓(0), 𝑓(1), 𝑓(2), … are in
a) AP b) GP c) HP d) Arbitrary
290. If 𝑓(sin 𝑥) − 𝑓(− sin 𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 1 is defined for all 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅, then the value of 𝑥 2 − 2 can be
a) 0 b) 1 c) 2 d) −1
291. 1−𝑥 2
If 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅, then 𝑓(𝑥) = cos −1 ( 2 ) is equal to
1+𝑥
a) 2 tan−1 𝑥
2 tan−1 𝑥, 𝑥 ≥ 0
b) {
−2 tan−1 𝑥, 𝑥 ≤ 0
𝜋 + 2 tan−1 𝑥, 𝑥 ≥ 0
c) {
−𝜋 + 2 tan−1 𝑥, 𝑥 ≤ 0
d) None of these
292. Domain of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = sin−1 (log 2 𝑥) in the set of real numbers is
1
a) {𝑥: 1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2} b) {𝑥: 1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 3} c) {𝑥: −1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2} d) {𝑥: ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2}
2
293. If 𝑓 ∶ 𝑅 → 𝑅 and 𝑔 ∶ 𝑅 → 𝑅 are given by 𝑓(𝑥) = |𝑥| and 𝑔(𝑥) = [𝑥] for each 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅, then
{𝑥 ∈ 𝑅 ∶ 𝑔(𝑓(𝑥)) ≤ 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥))} =
a) 𝑍 ∪ (−∞, 0) b) (−∞, 0) c) 𝑍 d) 𝑅
294. 1+𝑥
If 𝑓(𝑥) = log ( ), −1 < 𝑥 < 1, then
1−𝑥
3𝑥+𝑥 3 2𝑥
𝑓( ) − 𝑓 ( 2 ) is
1+3𝑥 2 1+𝑥
a) [𝑓(𝑥)]3 b) [𝑓(𝑥)]2 c) −𝑓(𝑥) d) 𝑓(𝑥)
295. The domain of definition of
𝑓(𝑥) = log10 log10 log10 … log10 𝑥 , is
⟶𝑛 times ⟵

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a) (10𝑛 , ∞) b) (10𝑛−1 , ∞) c) (10𝑛−2 , ∞) d) None of these

296. −1 𝑥
The domain of sin [log 3 ( )] is
3
a) [1, 9] b) [-1, 9] c) [-9, 1] d) [-9, -1]
3 3
297. Domain of definition of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = + log 10 (𝑥 − 𝑥), is
4−𝑥 2
a) (1, 2) b) (−1, 0) ∪ (1, 2)
c) (1, 2) ∪ (2, ∞) d) (−1, 0) ∪ (1, 2) ∪ (2, ∞)
298. If 𝑋 and 𝑌 are two non-empty sets where 𝑓: 𝑋 → 𝑌 is function is defined such that
𝑓(𝐶) = {𝑓(𝑥): 𝑥 ∈ 𝐶}for 𝐶 ⊆ 𝑋
And 𝑓 −1 (𝐷) = {𝑥: 𝑓(𝑥) ∈ 𝐷}𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐷 ⊆ 𝑌,
For any 𝐴 ⊆ 𝑋 and 𝐵 ⊆ 𝑌, then
a) 𝑓 −1 (𝑓(𝐴)) = 𝐴 b) 𝑓 −1 (𝑓(𝐴)) = 𝐴 only if 𝑓(𝑋) = 𝑌
−1 (𝐵))
c) 𝑓(𝑓 = 𝐵 only if 𝐵 ⊆ 𝑓(𝑥) d) 𝑓(𝑓 −1 (𝐵)) = 𝐵
299. If 𝑓(−𝑥) = −𝑓(𝑥), then 𝑓(𝑥) is
a) An even function b) An odd function c) Neither odd nor even d) Periodic function
300. If 𝑓: [−2, 2] → 𝑅 is defined by
−1, for − 2 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 0
𝑓(𝑥) = {
𝑥 − 1, for 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2
Then {𝑥 ∈ [−2,2]: 𝑥 ≤ 0 and 𝑓(|𝑥|) = 𝑥} =
a) {−1} b) {0} c) {−1/2} d) ϕ
301. 2) 1 2 4
If 2𝑓(𝑥 + 3𝑓 ( 2) = 𝑥 − 1 for all 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅 − {0}, then 𝑓(𝑥 ) is
𝑥
(1 − 𝑥 4 )(2𝑥 4 + 3) (1 + 𝑥 4 )(2𝑥 4 − 3) (1 − 𝑥 4 )(2𝑥 4 − 3) d) None of these
a) b) c)
5𝑥 4 5𝑥 4 5𝑥 4
302. The domain of definition of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 7−𝑥 𝑃𝑥−3 , is
a) [3, 7] b) {3, 4, 5, 6, 7} c) {3, 4, 5} d) None of these
303. Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 and g(𝑥) = |𝑥| for all 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅. Then, the function ϕ(𝑥) satisfying {ϕ(𝑥) − 𝑓(𝑥)}2 + {ϕ(𝑥) − g(𝑥)}2 = 0, is
a) ϕ(𝑥) = 𝑥, 𝑥 ∈ [0, ∞)
b) ϕ(𝑥) = 𝑥, 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅
c) ϕ(𝑥) = −𝑥, 𝑥 ∈ (−∞, 0]
d) ϕ(𝑥) = 𝑥 + |𝑥|, 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅
304. 𝜋2
The value of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 3 sin (√ − 𝑥 2 ) lies in the interval
16

a) [−𝜋/4, 𝜋/4] b) [0, 3/√2] c) (−3, 3) d) None of these

305. The period of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = |sin 𝑥| + | cos 𝑥 | is
a) 𝜋 b) 𝜋/2 c) 2𝜋 d) None of these
306. If 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏)3 , then the function 𝑔 such that 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)) = 𝑔(𝑓(𝑥)) is given by
1/2 1/2
𝑏 − 𝑥 1/3 1 2 1/3 𝑥 1/3 − 𝑏
a) 𝑔(𝑥) = ( ) b) 𝑔(𝑥) = c) 𝑔(𝑥) = (𝑎 𝑥 + 𝑏) d) 𝑔(𝑥) = ( )
𝑎 (𝑎 𝑥 2 + 𝑏)3 𝑎
307. Let 𝑅 be the real line. Consider the following subsets of the plane 𝑅 × 𝑅
𝑆 = {(𝑥, 𝑦): 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 1 and 𝑜 < 𝑥 < 2}
𝑇 = {(𝑥, 𝑦): 𝑥 − 𝑦 is an integer}
Which of the following is true?
a) 𝑇 is an equivalent relation on 𝑅 but 𝑆 is not b) Neither 𝑆 nor 𝑇 is an equivalence relation on 𝑅
c) Both 𝑆 and 𝑇 are equivalence relations on 𝑅 d) 𝑆 is an equivalence relations on 𝑅 and 𝑇 is not
308. Let 𝐴 = [−1, 1] and 𝑓: 𝐴 → 𝐴 be defined as 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥|𝑥| for all 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴, then 𝑓(𝑥) is
a) Many-one into function b) One-one into function
c) Many-one onto function d) One-one onto function
309. 1−𝑥 1
If 𝑓(𝑥) = , 𝑥 ≠ 0, −1 and 𝛼 = 𝑓(𝑓(𝑥)) + 𝑓 (𝑓 ( )), then
1+𝑥 𝑥
a) 𝛼 > 2 b) 𝛼 < −2 c) |𝛼| > 2 d) 𝛼 = 2
310. Let 𝑅 and 𝑆 be two non-void relations on a set𝐴. Which of the following statements is false?
a) 𝑅 and 𝑆 are transitive implies 𝑅 ∩ 𝑆 is transitive.
b) 𝑅 and 𝑆 are transitive implies 𝑅 ∪ 𝑆 is transitive.
c) 𝑅 and 𝑆 are symmetric implies 𝑅 ∪ 𝑆 is symmetric.
d) 𝑅 and 𝑆 are reflexive implies 𝑅 ∩ 𝑆 is reflexive.
311. 𝐴 = {1, 2, 3, 4}, 𝐵{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}are two sets, and function 𝑓: 𝐴 → 𝐵 is defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 2 ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝐴, then the
function 𝑓 is

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a) Bijective b) Onto c) One-one d) Many-one

312. Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 1 and ϕ(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 2. Then the values of 𝑥 satisfying |𝑓(𝑥) + ϕ(𝑥)| = |𝑓(𝑥)| + |ϕ(𝑥)| are :
a) (−∞, 1] b) [2, ∞) c) (−∞, −2] d) [1, ∞)
313. sin−1 (3−𝑥)
The domain of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = , is
log𝑒 (|𝑥|−2)
a) [2, 4] b) (2, 3) ∪ (3, 4] c) [2, 3) d) (−∞, −3) ∪ [2, ∞)
1
314. If 𝑓(𝑥) = then, domain of 𝑓(𝑥) is
√|𝑥|−𝑥
a) (−∞, 0) b) (−∞, 2) c) (−∞, ∞) d) None of the above
315. The domain of definition of
𝑓(𝑥) = log10 {(log10 𝑥)2 − 5 log10 𝑥 + 6}, is
a) (0, 102 ) b) (103 , ∞) c) (102 , 103 ) d) (0, 102 ) ∪ (103 , ∞)
316. If a function 𝑓(𝑥) satisfies the condition
1 1
𝑓 (𝑥 + ) = 𝑥 2 + 2 , 𝑥 ≠ 0, then 𝑓(𝑥) equals
𝑥 𝑥
a) 𝑥 2 − 2 for all 𝑥 ≠ 0
b) 𝑥 2 − 2 for all 𝑥 satisfying |𝑥| ≥ 2
c) 𝑥 2 − 2 for all 𝑥 satisfying |𝑥| < 2
d) None of these
317. 2𝑥+3
The period of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = sin ( ) , is
6𝜋
a) 2 𝜋 b) 6 𝜋 c) 6 𝜋 2 d) None of these
−1
318. 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 is a function defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 10 𝑥 − 7. If 𝑔 = 𝑓 , then 𝑔(𝑥) =
1 1 𝑥+7 𝑥−7
a) b) c) d)
10 𝑥 − 7 10 𝑥 + 7 10 10
319. If 𝑓(𝑥) = [𝑥 − 2], where [𝑥] denotes the greatest integer less than or equal to 𝑥, then 𝑓(2, 5) is equal to
1 b) 0 c) 1 d) Does not exist
a)
2
320. The domain of definition of
𝑓(𝑥) = √log10 (log10 𝑥) − log10 (4 − log10 𝑥) − log10 3, is
a) (103 , 104 ) b) [103 , 104 ] c) [103 , 104 ) d) (103 , 104 ]
321. sin 𝑛 𝑥
The value of 𝑛 ∈ 𝑍 (the set of integers) for which the function 𝑓(𝑥) = sin 𝑥 has 4 𝜋 as its period is
sin( )
𝑛
a) 2 b) 3 c) 5 d) 4
322. The inverse of the function 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 given by 𝑓(𝑥) = log 𝑎 (𝑥 + √𝑥 2 + 1) (𝑎 > 0, 𝑎 ≠ 1), is
1 1 1 𝑎 𝑥 + 𝑎 −𝑥 d) Not defined
a) (𝑎 𝑥 + 𝑎−𝑥 ) b) (𝑎 𝑥 − 𝑎−𝑥 ) c) ( 𝑥 )
2 2 2 𝑎 − 𝑎 −𝑥
323. The domain of definition of the function
1 + 2(𝑥 + 4)−0.5
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 ∙ + (𝑥 + 4)0.5 + 4(𝑥 + 4)0.5 is
2 − (𝑥 + 4)0.5
a) 𝑅 b) (−4, 4) c) 𝑅 + d) (−4, 0) ∪ (0, ∞)
𝛼𝑥
324. If 𝑓(𝑥) = , 𝑥 ≠ −1, for what value of 𝛼 is 𝑓[𝑓(𝑥)] = 𝑥?
𝑥+1
a) √2 b) −√2 c) 1 d) -1
325. The period of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = cosec 2 3𝑥 + cot 4𝑥 is
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
a) b) c) d) 𝜋
3 4 6
326. The domain of the definition of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = √1 + log 𝑒 (1 − 𝑥) is
𝑒−1
a) −∞ < 𝑥 ≤ 0 b) −∞ < 𝑥 ≤ c) −∞ < 𝑥 ≤ 1 d) 𝑥 ≥ 1−𝑒
𝑒
327. The range of the function sin(sin−1 𝑥 + cos −1 𝑥), |𝑥| ≤ 1 is
a) [-1, 1] b) [1, -1] c) {0} d) {1}
328. The range of 𝑓(𝑥) = cos 𝑥 − sin 𝑥 is
a) [-1, 1] b) (-1, 2) 𝜋 𝜋
c) [− , ] d) [−√2, √2]
2 2
1
329. The range of function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 2
𝑥 +1
d) None of these
a) [1, ∞) b) [2, ∞) c)

330. If 𝑛 is an integer, the domain of the function √sin 2𝑥 is

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𝜋 𝜋
a) [𝑛𝜋 − , 𝑛𝜋] b) [𝑛𝜋, 𝑛𝜋 + ] c) [(2𝑛 − 1)𝜋, 2𝑛𝜋] d) [2𝑛𝜋, (2𝑛 + 1)𝜋]
2 4
1
331. If 𝑓 ∶ 𝑅 → 𝑅 is defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 − [𝑥] − for all 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅, where [𝑥] denotes the greatest integer function, then
2
1
{𝑥 ∈ 𝑅 ∶ 𝑓(𝑥) = } is equal to
2
a) 𝑍 b) 𝑁 c) ϕ d) 𝑅
332. Suppose 𝑓: [−2, 2] → 𝑅 is defined by
−1, for − 2 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 0
𝑓(𝑥) = { , then {𝑥 ∈ [−2, 2]: 𝑥 ≤ 0 and 𝑓(|𝑥|) = 𝑥} is equal to
𝑥 − 1 for 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2
b) {0} 1
a) {−1} c) {− } d) ϕ
2
333. If 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 is defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = sin 𝑥 and 𝑔: (1, ∞) → 𝑅 is defined by 𝑔(𝑥) = √𝑥 2 − 1, then 𝑔𝑜𝑓(𝑥) is
a) √sin(𝑥 2 − 1) b) sin √𝑥 2 − 1 c) cos 𝑥 d) Not defined
334. Let 𝑅 and 𝐶 denote the set of real numbers and complex numbers respectively. The function 𝑓: 𝐶 → 𝑅 defined by
𝑓(𝑧) = |𝑧| is
a) One to one b) Onto
c) Bijective d) Neither one to one nor onto
𝑥−1
335. If 𝑓(𝑥) = , then 𝑓(2 𝑥) is
𝑥+1
𝑓(𝑥) + 1 3𝑓(𝑥) + 1 𝑓(𝑥) + 3 𝑓(𝑥) + 3
a) b) c) d)
𝑓(𝑥) + 3 𝑓(𝑥) + 3 𝑓(𝑥) + 1 3𝑓(𝑥) + 1
336. 𝜋2
The range of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = tan √ − 𝑥 2 is
9
a) [0, 3] b) [0, √3] c) (−∞, ∞) d) None of these
337. The domain of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = cosec −1 [sin 𝑥] in [0, 2 𝜋], where [∙] denotes the greatest integer function, is
a) [0, 𝜋/2) ∪ (𝜋, 3𝜋/2] b) (𝜋, 2 𝜋) ∪ {𝜋/2} c) (0, 𝜋] ∪ {3 𝜋/2} d) (𝜋/2, 𝜋) ∪ (3𝜋/2,2𝜋)
338. Let 𝑅 be the relation on the set 𝑅 of all real numbers defined by 𝑎𝑅𝑏 if |𝑎 − 𝑏| ≤ 1, then 𝑅 is
a) Reflexive and symmetric b) Symmetric only
c) Transitive only d) Anti-symmetric only
339. The domain of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = log 𝑒 (𝑥 − [𝑥]) is
a) 𝑅 b) 𝑅 − 𝑍 c) (0, +∞) d) 𝑍
𝑥
340. [0,
If 𝑓: ∞] → [0, ∞] and 𝑓(𝑥) = , then 𝑓 is
1+𝑥
a) One-one and onto b) One-one but not onto
c) Onto but not one-one d) Neither one-one nor onto
341. The function 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 given by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 1 is
a) A one-one function b) An onto function
c) A bijection d) Neither one-one nor onto
342. 8 8
Let [𝑥] denote the greatest integer ≤ 𝑥. If 𝑓(𝑥) = [𝑥] and 𝑔(𝑥) = |𝑥|, then the value of 𝑓 (𝑔 ( )) − 𝑔 (𝑓 (− )) is
5 5
a) 2 b) -2 c) 1 d) -1
343. cos−1 𝑥
The domain of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = is
[𝑥]
a) [−1, 0) ∪ {1} b) [-1, 1] c) [-1, 1) d) None of these
1 −1 1
344. The set of values of 𝑥 for which of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = + 2sin 𝑥 + exists is
𝑥 √𝑥−2
a) 𝑅 b) 𝑅 − {0} c) ϕ d) None of these
345. If 𝑓(𝑥) satisfies the relation 2𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑓(1 − 𝑥) = 𝑥 2 for all real 𝑥, then 𝑓(𝑥) is
𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 1 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 1 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 1 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 1
a) b) c) d)
6 3 3 6
346. If the function 𝑓(𝑥) is defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑥 and 𝑓 𝑟 = 𝑓𝑓𝑓.... (repeated 𝑟 times), then 𝑓 𝑟 (𝑥) is equal to
𝑏𝑟 − 1
a) 𝑎 + 𝑏 𝑟 𝑥 b) 𝑎𝑟 + 𝑏 𝑟 𝑥 c) 𝑎𝑟 + 𝑏𝑥 𝑟 d) 𝑎 ( ) + 𝑏𝑟 𝑥
𝑏−1
𝑥−1
347. If 𝑓(𝑥) = , then 𝑓(2 𝑥) is
𝑥+1
𝑓(𝑥) + 1 3 𝑓(𝑥) + 1 𝑓(𝑥) + 3 𝑓(𝑥) + 3
a) b) c) d)
𝑓(𝑥) + 3 𝑓(𝑥) + 3 𝑓(𝑥) + 1 3 𝑓(𝑥) + 1
348. If 𝑓(𝑥) is an odd periodic function with period 2, then 𝑓(4) equals
a) 0 b) 2 c) 4 d) -4
349. The domain of definition of

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𝑥−1 1
𝑓(𝑥) = √log 0.4 ( )× 2 , is
𝑥+5 𝑥 − 36
a) (−∞, 0) − {−6} b) (0, ∞) − {1, 6} c) (1, ∞) − {6} d) [1, ∞) − {6}
350. The domain of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = log 2 (log 3 (log 4 𝑥))is
a) (−∞, 4) b) (4, ∞) c) (0, 4) d) (1, ∞)
351. Let 𝑓(𝑥) = |𝑥 − 2| + |𝑥 − 3| + |𝑥 − 4| and 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 1. Then,
a) 𝑔(𝑥) is an even function
b) 𝑔(𝑥) is an odd function
c) 𝑔(𝑥) is neither even nor odd
d) 𝑔(𝑥) is periodic
352. If a function 𝑓 ∶ [2, ∞) → 𝐵 defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 4 𝑥 + 5 is a bijection, then 𝐵 =
a) 𝑅 b) [1, ∞) c) [4, ∞) d) [5, ∞)
353. 𝑅 is relation on 𝑁 given by 𝑅 = {(𝑥, 𝑦): 4𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 20}. Which of the following belongs to 𝑅?
a) (-4, 12) b) (5, 0) c) (3, 4) d) (2, 4)
354. If 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 be a mapping defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 5, then 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) is equal to
a) (𝑥 + 5)1/3 b) (𝑥 − 5)1/3 c) (5 − 𝑥)1/3 d) 5 − 𝑥
355. Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 and 𝑔(𝑥) = |𝑥| for all 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅. Then, the function ϕ(𝑥) satisfying [ϕ(𝑥) − 𝑓(𝑥)]2 + [ϕ(𝑥) − 𝑔(𝑥)]2 = 0
a) ϕ(𝑥) = 𝑥, 𝑥 ∈ [0, ∞)
b) ϕ(𝑥) = 𝑥, 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅
c) ϕ(𝑥) = −𝑥, 𝑥 ∈ (−∞, 0]
d) ϕ(𝑥) = 𝑥 + |𝑥|, 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅
356. In a function 𝑓(𝑥) is defined for 𝑥 ∈ [0, 1], then the function 𝑓(2 𝑥 + 3) is defined for
a) 𝑥 ∈ [0, 1] b) 𝑥 ∈ [−3/2, −1] c) 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅 d) 𝑥 ∈ [−3/2, 1]
357. If 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 2|𝑥| and
Min{𝑓(𝑡) ∶ −2 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 𝑥} , −2 ≤ 𝑥 < 0
𝑔(𝑥) = { , then 𝑔(𝑥) equlas
Max{𝑓(𝑡) ∶ 0 ≤≤ 𝑥} , 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 3
2
𝑥 − 2𝑥, −2 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ −1
−1, −1 ≤ 𝑥 < 0
a) {
0, 0 ≤ 𝑥 < 2
𝑥 2 + 2𝑥, 2 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 3
𝑥 2 + 2𝑥, −2 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ −1
−1, −1 ≤ 𝑥 < 0
b) {
0, 0≤𝑥<1
𝑥 2 − 2𝑥, 1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 3
𝑥 2 + 2𝑥, −2 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ −0
c) { 2
𝑥 − 2𝑥, 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 3
𝑥 2 + 2𝑥, −2 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 0
d) { 0, 0 ≤ 𝑥 < 2
𝑥 2 − 2𝑥, 2 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 3
358. Let 𝑅 be the set of real numbers and the mapping 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 and 𝑔: 𝑅 → 𝑅 be defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 5 − 𝑥 2 and 𝑔(𝑥) =
3𝑥 − 4, then the value of (𝑓𝑜𝑔)(−1) is
a) -44 b) -54 c) -32 d) -64
2 2
359. 𝑒 𝑥 −𝑒 −𝑥
𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 is defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 2 2 , is
𝑒 𝑥 +𝑒 −𝑥
a) One-one but not onto
b) Many-one but onto
c) One-one and onto
d) Neither one-one nor onto
360. Let 𝑓: 𝑁 → 𝑁 defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1, 𝑥 ∈ 𝑁, then 𝑓 is
a) One-one onto b) Many-one onto c) One -one but not onto d) None of these
361. Which of the following functions have period 2𝜋?
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
a) 𝑦 = sin (2𝜋𝑡 + ) + 2 sin (3𝜋𝑡 + ) + 3 sin 5𝜋𝑡 b) 𝑦 = sin 𝑡 + sin 𝑡
3 4 3 4
c) 𝑦 = sin 𝑡 + cos 2𝑡 d) None of the above
362. Let 𝑓: 𝐴 → 𝐵 be a function defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = √3 sin 𝑥 + cos 𝑥 + 4. If 𝑓 is invertible, then
a) 𝐴 = [−2𝜋/3, 𝜋/3], 𝐵 = [2, 6]
b) 𝐴 = [𝜋/6, 5𝜋/6], 𝐵 = [−2, 2]
c) 𝐴 = [−𝜋/2, 𝜋/2], 𝐵 = [2, 6]

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d) 𝐴 = [−𝜋/3, 𝜋/3], 𝐵 = [2, 6]

363. If 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 and 𝑔 ∶ 𝑅 → 𝑅 are defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 3 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 7, then the values of 𝑥 such that 𝑔(𝑓(𝑥)) =
8 are
a) 1, 2 b) −1, 2 c) −1, −2 d) 1, −2
364. The domain of definition of the function
𝑥−3
𝑓(𝑥) = sin−1 ( ) − log10 (4 − 𝑥), is
2
a) 1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 5 b) 1 < 𝑥 < 4 c) 1 ≤ 𝑥 < 4 d) 1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 4
1−𝑥 −1
365. If 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 ≠ −1), then 𝑓 (𝑥) equals to
1+𝑥
1 1
a) 𝑓(𝑥) b) c) −𝑓(𝑥) d) −
𝑓(𝑥) 𝑓(𝑥)
366. 𝑥+59
The function 𝑓 satisfies the functional equation 3𝑓(𝑥) + 2𝑓 ( ) = 10𝑥 + 30 for all real 𝑥 ≠ 1. The value of 𝑓(7) is
𝑥−1
a) 8 b) 4 c) -8 d) 11
367. If [𝑥] denotes the greatest integer ≤ 𝑥, then
2 2 1 2 2 2 98
[ ] + [ + ] + [ + ] +. . . + [ + ] is equal to
3 3 99 3 99 3 99
a) 99 b) 98 c) 66 d) 65
368. If 𝑓(𝑥) is defined on [0, 1], then the domain of 𝑓(3𝑥 2 ), is
a) [0, 1/√3] b) [−1/√3, 1/√3] c) [−√3, √3] d) None of these
369. If 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑆, defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = sin 𝑥 − √3 cos 𝑥 − 1, is onto, then the intervel of 𝑠 is
a) [0, 3] b) [-1, 1] c) [0, 1] d) [-1, 3]
370. If 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑒 𝑥 and 𝑔(𝑥) = log 𝑒 𝑥, then which of the following is true?
a) 𝑓{𝑔(𝑥)} ≠ 𝑔{𝑓(𝑥)} b) 𝑓{𝑔(𝑥)} = 𝑔{𝑓(𝑥)}
c) 𝑓{𝑔(𝑥)} + 𝑔{𝑓(𝑥)} = 0 d) 𝑓{𝑔(𝑥)} − 𝑔{𝑓(𝑥)} = 1
371. The range of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 7−𝑥 𝑃𝑥−3 , is
a) {1, 2, 3} b) {1, 2, 3, 4, 5,6} c) {1, 2, 3, 4} d) {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
1/2
372. 2−ϕ′ (𝑥) 𝑥3 3 3
The domain of definition of 𝑓(𝑥) = log1.7 ( ) , where ϕ(𝑥) = − 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + , is
𝑥+1 3 2 2
a) (−∞, −4) b) (−4, ∞) c) (−∞, −1) ∪ (−1, 4) d) (−∞, −1) ∪ (−1, 4]
373. The domain of definition of the function
4
𝑓(𝑥) = sin−1 ( ) , is
3 + 2 cos 𝑥
𝜋 𝜋
a) [2𝑛𝜋 − , 2𝑛𝜋 + ] , 𝑛 ∈ 𝑍
6 6
𝜋
b) [0,2𝑛𝜋 + ] , 𝑛 ∈ 𝑍
6
𝜋
c) [2𝑛𝜋 − , 0] , 𝑛 ∈ 𝑍
6
𝜋 𝜋
d) (2𝑛 𝜋 − , 2𝑛 𝜋 + ) , 𝑛 ∈ 𝑍
6 6
374. Which of the following functions has period 2 𝜋?
𝜋 𝜋
a) 𝑓(𝑥) = sin (2 𝜋 𝑥 + ) + 2 sin (3 𝜋 𝑥 + ) + 3 sin 5 𝜋 𝑥
3 4
𝜋𝑥 𝜋𝑥
b) 𝑓(𝑥) = sin + sin
3 4
c) 𝑓(𝑥) = sin 𝑥 + cos 2 𝑥
d) None of these
375. Let 𝑆 be the set of all real numbers. Then, the relation 𝑅 = {(𝑎, 𝑏): 1 + 𝑎𝑏 > 0} on 𝑆 is
a) Reflexive and symmetric but not transitive b) Reflexive and transitive but not symmetric
c) Symmetric and transitive but not reflexive d) Reflexive, transitive and symmetric
376. Which of the following functions is periodic?
a) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + sin 𝑥 b) 𝑓(𝑥) = cos √𝑥 c) 𝑓(𝑥) = cos 𝑥 2 d) 𝑓(𝑥) = cos 2 𝑥
377. The function 𝑓(𝑥) = max{(1 − 𝑥), (1 + 𝑥), 2}, 𝑥 ∈ (−∞, ∞) is equivalent to
1 − 𝑥, 𝑥 ≤ −1
a) 𝑓(𝑥) = {2, −1 < 𝑥 < 1
1 + 𝑥, 𝑥≥1
1 + 𝑥, 𝑥 ≤ −1
b) 𝑓(𝑥) = {2, −1 < 𝑥 < 1
1 − 𝑥, 𝑥 ≥ 1

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1 − 𝑥, 𝑥 ≤ −1
c) 𝑓(𝑥) = {1, −1 < 𝑥 < 1
1 + 𝑥, 𝑥 ≥ 1
d) None of these
378. θ θ
The period of the function 𝑓(θ) = sin + cos is
3 2
a) 3𝜋 b) 6𝜋 c) 9𝜋 d) 12𝜋
379. Let the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + sin 𝑥 − cos 𝑥 + log(1 + |𝑥|) be defined on the interval [0, 1]. The odd extension of
𝑓(𝑥) to the interval [−1, 1] is
a) 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + sin 𝑥 + cos 𝑥 − log(1 + |𝑥|)
b) −𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + sin 𝑥 + cos 𝑥 − log(1 + |𝑥|)
c) −𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + sin 𝑥 − cos 𝑥 + log(1 + |𝑥|)
d) None of these
380. If 𝑔(𝑥) = 1 + √𝑥 and 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)) = 3 + 2√𝑥 + 𝑥 then, 𝑓(𝑥) is equal to
a) 1 + 2𝑥 2 b) 2 + 𝑥 2 c) 1 + 𝑥 d) 2 + 𝑥
381. −1 2𝑥
Let 𝑓: (−1, 1) → 𝐵, be a function defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = tan , then 𝑓 is both one-one and onto when 𝐵 is the
1−𝑥 2
interval
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
a) (− , ) b) [− , ] c) [0, ) d) (0, )
2 2 2 2 2 2
382. If 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 , then 𝑓 −1 (8) is equal to
a) {2} b) {2, 𝜔, 2𝜔2 } c) {2, −2} d) {2, 2}
383. The set of all 𝑥 for which there are no functions
1
𝑓(𝑥) = log (𝑥−2)/(𝑥+3) 2 and 𝑔(𝑥) = , is
√𝑥 2 − 9
a) [−3, 2] b) [−3, 2) c) (−3, 2] d) (−3, −2)
384. Which of the following functions is (are) not an injective map(s)?
a) 𝑓(𝑥) = |𝑥 + 1|, 𝑥 ∈ [−1, ∞)
1
b) g(𝑥) = 𝑥 + , 𝑥 ∈ (0, ∞)
𝑥
c) ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 4 𝑥 − 5, 𝑥 ∈ (0, ∞)
d) 𝑘(𝑥) = 𝑒 −𝑥 , 𝑥 ∈ [0, ∞)
385. If 𝑓: 𝑁 → 𝑍 is defined by
2 if 𝑛 = 3𝑘, 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍
𝑓(𝑛) = {10 if 𝑛 = 3𝑘 + 1, 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍,
0 if 𝑛 = 3𝑘 + 2, 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍
Then {𝑛 ∈ 𝑁: 𝑓(𝑛) > 2} is equal to
a) {3, 6, 4} b) {1, 4, 7} c) {4, 7} d) {7}
2𝑥−1 −1
386. If 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 ≠ −5), then 𝑓 (𝑥) is equal to
𝑥+5
𝑥+5 1 5𝑥 + 1 𝑥−5 1 5𝑥 − 1
a) ,𝑥 ≠ b) ,𝑥 ≠ 2 c) ,𝑥 ≠ d) ,𝑥 ≠ 2
2𝑥 − 1 2 2−𝑥 2𝑥 + 1 2 2−𝑥
387. If 𝑎, 𝑏 are two fixed positive integers such that
𝑓(𝑎 + 𝑥) = 𝑏 + [𝑏 3 + 1 − 3𝑏 2 𝑓(𝑥) + 3𝑏 {𝑓(𝑥)}2 − {𝑓(𝑥)}3 ]1/3
For all 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅, then 𝑓(𝑥) is a periodic function with period
a) 𝑎 b) 2𝑎 c) 𝑏 d) 2𝑏
388. Let 𝐴 be a set containing 10 distinct elements, then the total number of distinct function from 𝐴 to 𝐴 is
a) 1010 b) 101 c) 210 d) 210 − 1
389. 𝑝 𝑝
If 𝒬 denotes the set of all rational numbers and 𝑓 ( ) = √𝑝2 − 𝑞 2 for any ∈ 𝒬, then observe the following
𝑞 𝑞
statements.
𝑝 𝑝
I. 𝑓 ( ) is real for each ∈ 𝒬.
𝑞 𝑞
𝑝 𝑝
II. 𝑓 ( ) is a complex number for each ∈ 𝒬.
𝑞 𝑞
Which of the following is correct?
a) Both I and II are true b) I is true, II is false
c) I is false, II is true d) Both I and II are false
390. The domain of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = log 3+𝑥 (𝑥 2 − 1) is
a) (−3, −1) ∪ (1, ∞) b) [−3, −1] ∪ [1, ∞]
c) (−3, −2) ∪ (−2, −1) ∪ (1, ∞) d) [−3, −2) ∪ (−2, −1) ∪ (1, ∞)
𝑥−2
391. Let 𝐴 = 𝑅 − {3}, 𝐵 = 𝑅 − {1}. Let 𝑓: 𝐴 → 𝐵be defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = .Then,
𝑥−3

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a) 𝑓 is bijective b) 𝑓 is one-one but not onto

c) 𝑓 is onto but not one-one d) None of the above
392. √sin 𝑥
Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 3 . If 𝐷 is the domain of 𝑓, then 𝐷 contains
1+ √sin 𝑥
a) (0, 𝜋) b) (−2 𝜋, −𝜋) c) (3 𝜋, 4 𝜋) d) (4 𝜋, 6 𝜋)
393. Let 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 and 𝑔: 𝑅 → 𝑅 be given by 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 2 + 2 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 3𝑥 − 1 for all 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅. Then,
a) 𝑓𝑜𝑔(𝑥) = 27𝑥 2 − 18𝑥 + 5
b) 𝑓𝑜𝑔(𝑥) = 27𝑥 2 + 18𝑥 − 5
c) 𝑔𝑜𝑓 (𝑥) = 9𝑥 2 − 5
d) 𝑔𝑜𝑓 (𝑥) = 9𝑥 2 + 15
394. The domain of definition of the function
1
𝑓(𝑥) = , is
√|𝑥| − 𝑥
a) 𝑅 b) (0, ∞) c) (−∞, 0) d) None of these
395. Let 𝑓: 𝐴 → 𝐵 and g: 𝐵 → 𝐴 be two functions such that 𝑓𝑜g = 𝐼𝐵 . Then,
a) 𝑓 and g both are injections
b) 𝑓 and g both are surjections
c) 𝑓 is an injection and g is a surjection
d) 𝑓 is a surjection and g is an injection
396. If 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 1 and 𝑔(𝑥) = (𝑥 + 1)2 , then (𝑔𝑜𝑓)(𝑥) is
a) (𝑥 + 1)4 − 1 b) 𝑥 4 − 1 c) 𝑥 4 d) (𝑥 + 1)4
𝑛
397. If 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 satisfies 𝑓(𝑥 + 𝑦) = 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑓(𝑦), for all 𝑥, 𝑦 ∈ 𝑅 and 𝑓(1) = 7, then ∑𝑟=1 𝑓(𝑟) is
7𝑛 7(𝑛 + 1) 7𝑛(𝑛 + 1)
a) b) c) 7𝑛(𝑛 + 1) d)
2 2 2
398. If 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 4 − 13𝑥 2 + 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 is divisible by 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 2, then (𝑎, 𝑏) is equal to
a) (−9, −2) b) (6, 4) c) (9, 2) d) (2, 9)
399. 𝑥 2 −8
Let 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 be a function defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 2 Then, 𝑓 is
𝑥 +2
a) One-one but not onto
b) One-one and onto
c) Onto but not one-one
d) Neither one-one nor onto
400. sin−1 (𝑥−3)
The domain of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = , is
√9−𝑥 2
a) [1, 2) b) [2, 3) c) [1, 2] d) [2, 3]

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RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS XI-XII JEE | MHTCET | BOARDS

: ANSWER KEY :
1) a 2) a 3) b 4) d 205) b 206) b 207) b 208) a
5) d 6) a 7) c 8) a 209) d 210) a 211) c 212) a
9) c 10) a 11) a 12) c 213) d 214) b 215) b 216) c
13) d 14) c 15) b 16) d 217) c 218) c 219) c 220) c
17) c 18) c 19) b 20) c 221) c 222) b 223) b 224) c
21) c 22) a 23) a 24) d 225) b 226) c 227) b 228) d
25) b 26) d 27) b 28) b 229) d 230) c 231) b 232) d
29) b 30) b 31) a 32) c 233) b 234) c 235) d 236) b
33) a 34) b 35) c 36) c 237) c 238) d 239) d 240) b
37) d 38) c 39) d 40) c 241) d 242) c 243) c 244) a
41) d 42) a 43) c 44) d 245) d 246) a 247) d 248) a
45) b 46) c 47) a 48) c 249) b 250) a 251) c 252) a
49) d 50) d 51) d 52) d 253) c 254) d 255) b 256) b
53) d 54) a 55) b 56) c 257) c 258) c 259) d 260) d
57) d 58) c 59) c 60) c 261) a 262) d 263) a 264) a
61) b 62) d 63) a 64) d 265) c 266) c 267) c 268) a
65) b 66) a 67) c 68) a 269) a 270) d 271) c 272) a
69) b 70) a 71) b 72) c 273) a 274) b 275) d 276) a
73) c 74) d 75) a 76) c 277) c 278) a 279) b 280) c
77) a 78) a 79) d 80) b 281) a 282) b 283) b 284) c
81) a 82) a 83) d 84) b 285) a 286) b 287) b 288) b
85) c 86) a 87) a 88) d 289) b 290) d 291) b 292) d
89) a 90) c 91) a 92) b 293) a 294) d 295) d 296) a
93) c 94) a 95) a 96) a 297) d 298) c 299) b 300) c
97) b 98) d 99) d 100) c 301) a 302) c 303) a 304) b
101) b 102) b 103) c 104) c 305) b 306) d 307) a 308) d
105) b 106) d 107) b 108) b 309) c 310) b 311) c 312) b
109) d 110) d 111) b 112) b 313) b 314) a 315) d 316) b
113) a 114) c 115) c 116) c 317) c 318) c 319) b 320) c
117) b 118) b 119) a 120) c 321) a 322) b 323) d 324) d
121) b 122) b 123) c 124) c 325) d 326) b 327) d 328) d
125) d 126) b 127) b 128) b 329) a 330) b 331) c 332) c
129) a 130) c 131) c 132) b 333) d 334) d 335) b 336) b
133) b 134) c 135) a 136) b 337) b 338) a 339) b 340) b
137) b 138) a 139) d 140) c 341) c 342) d 343) a 344) c
141) d 142) d 143) c 144) d 345) b 346) d 347) b 348) a
145) c 146) a 147) a 148) b 349) c 350) b 351) c 352) b
149) b 150) b 151) d 152) a 353) d 354) b 355) a 356) b
153) d 154) b 155) d 156) c 357) b 358) a 359) a 360) c
157) c 158) c 159) c 160) b 361) c 362) a 363) c 364) c
161) b 162) d 163) a 164) a 365) a 366) b 367) c 368) b
165) b 166) c 167) d 168) c 369) d 370) b 371) a 372) c
169) b 170) b 171) d 172) b 373) a 374) c 375) a 376) d
173) d 174) c 175) b 176) b 377) a 378) d 379) b 380) b
177) b 178) c 179) a 180) d 381) a 382) a 383) d 384) b
181) b 182) d 183) b 184) b 385) b 386) b 387) b 388) a
185) d 186) d 187) b 188) c 389) c 390) c 391) a 392) a
189) b 190) b 191) b 192) a 393) a 394) c 395) d 396) c
193) d 194) c 195) b 196) c 397) d 398) c 399) d 400) b
197) a 198) a 199) a 200) c
201) a 202) b 203) c 204) c

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RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS XI-XII JEE | MHTCET | BOARDS

RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

: HINTS AND SOLUTIONS :

1 (a) 𝑓(𝑥 + 2) + 𝑓(𝑥 − 2) + 2𝑓(𝑥)
We have, = √2{𝑓(𝑥 + 1) + 𝑓(𝑥 − 1)}
𝑓(𝑥) = ||𝑥| − 1| 𝑓(𝑥 + 2) + 𝑓(𝑥 − 2) + 2𝑓(𝑥) = √2{√2𝑓(𝑥)} [Using
1 − |𝑥|, if |𝑥| < 1 (i)]
⇒ 𝑓(𝑥) = {
|𝑥| − 1, if |𝑥| ≥ 1 𝑓(𝑥 + 2) + 𝑓(𝑥 − 2) + 2𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑓(𝑥)
1 − |𝑥|, if − 1 < 𝑥 < 1 ⇒ 𝑓(𝑥 + 2) + 𝑓(𝑥 − 2) = 0 for all 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅
⇒ 𝑓(𝑥) = {
|𝑥| − 1, if 𝑥 ≤ −1 or , 𝑥 ≥ 1 Replacing 𝑥 by 𝑥 + 2, we get
1 + 𝑥, if − 1 < 𝑥 < 0 𝑓(𝑥 + 4) + 𝑓(𝑥) = 0 ⇒ 𝑓(𝑥 + 4) = −𝑓(𝑥) …(iv)
1 − 𝑥, if 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1 Replacing 𝑥 by 𝑥 + 4, we get
⇒ 𝑓(𝑥) = {
−𝑥 − 1, if 𝑥 ≤ −1 𝑓(𝑥 + 8) = −𝑓(𝑥 + 4) …(v)
𝑥 − 1, if 𝑥 ≥ 1 From (iv) and (v), we get
2 (a) 𝑓(𝑥 + 8) = 𝑓(𝑥) for all 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅
We have, Hence, 𝑓(𝑥) is periodic with period 8
2 log10 𝑥 + 1
𝑓(𝑥) = log100 𝑥 ( ) 7 (c)
−𝑥 𝐷30 = {1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 10, 15, 30}
𝑓(𝑥) is defined if
𝑓(2, 5, 15) = (2 + 5). (5′ + 15)
2 log10 𝑥 + 1
𝑥 > 0, 100𝑥 ≠ 1 and >0 30
−𝑥 = 10. ( + 15)
⇒ 𝑥 > 0, 𝑥 ≠ 10−2 and 2 log10 𝑥 + 1 < 0 5
30
⇒ 𝑥 < 0, 𝑥 ≠ 10−2 and log10 𝑥 < −
1 (∵ 2 + 5 = LCM of (2, 5) = 10 and 5′ = )
2 5
⇒ 𝑥 > 0, 𝑥 ≠ 10−2 and 𝑥 < 10−1/2 = 10(6 + 15) = 10.30 = 10
⇒ 𝑥 ∈ (0, 10−2 ) ∪ (10−2 ∪> 10−1/2 ) 8 (a)
3 (b) For 𝑓(𝑥) to be defined
The function 𝑓(𝑥) will be defined, if 5𝑥 − 𝑥 2
≥ 1 ⇒ 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 4 ≤ 0
−1 ≤ (𝑥 − 3) ≤ 1 ⇒ 2 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 4 4
And 9 − 𝑥 2 > 0 ⇒ −3 < 𝑥 < 3 ⇒ (𝑥 − 4)(𝑥 − 1) ≤ 0 ∴ 𝑥 ∈ [1, 4]
∴ 2≤𝑥<3 9 (c)
4 (d) In the given options only option (c) satisfies the
The given function is condition of a function.
𝑥, 𝑥 ≥ 0 Hence, option (c) is a function.
𝑓(𝑥) = |𝑥| = {
𝑥, 𝑥 < 0 10 (a)
And 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅, then it is clear that function is neither We have,
one-one nor onto. 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 3 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 5
5 (d) Clearly, 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 and 𝑔: 𝑅 → 𝑅 are bijections.
1
Given, 𝑓(𝑥) = Therefore, 𝑓𝑜𝑔 ∶ 𝑅 → 𝑅 is also a bijection and hence
√−𝑥
1 invertible
∴ 𝑓𝑜𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑓(𝑥)) = 𝑓 ( ) Now,
√−𝑥 𝑓𝑜𝑔 (𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)) = 𝑓(𝑥 3 + 5) = 2(𝑥 3 + 5) − 3
1
⇒ 𝑓𝑜𝑓(𝑥) = = 2𝑥 3 + 7
1 Let ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑓𝑜𝑔 (𝑥). Then, ℎ(𝑥) = 2𝑥 3 + 7
√−
√ −𝑥 Now,
ℎ𝑜ℎ−1 (𝑥) = 𝑥
1
Since, √− is an imaginary. ⇒ ℎ(ℎ−1 (𝑥)) = 𝑥
√−𝑥
Hence, no domain of 𝑓𝑜𝑓(𝑥) exist. 𝑥 − 7 1/3
⇒ 2{ℎ−1 (𝑥)}3 + 7 = 𝑥 ⇒ ℎ−1 (𝑥) = ( )
Thus, the domain of 𝑓𝑜𝑓(𝑥) is an empty set. 2
6 (a) 11 (a)
We have For 𝑥 ∈ (𝜋, 3 𝜋/2), we have
𝑓(𝑥 + 1) + 𝑓(𝑥 − 1) = √2 𝑓(𝑥) for all 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅 …(i) −1 < sin 𝑥 < 0
Replacing 𝑥 by 𝑥 + 1 and 𝑥 − 1 respectively, we get ⇒ 0 < 1 + sin 𝑥 < 1 and 1 < (2 + sin 𝑥) < 2
∴ [sin 𝑥] = −1, [1 + sin 𝑥] = 0 and [2 + sin 𝑥] = 1
𝑓(𝑥 + 2) + 𝑓(𝑥) = √2 𝑓(𝑥 + 1) …(ii)
⇒ 𝑓(𝑥) = [sin 𝑥] + [1 + sin 𝑥] + [2 + sin 𝑥]
And,
= −1 + 0 + 1 = 0
𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑓(𝑥 − 2) = √2 𝑓(𝑥 − 1) …(iii) For 𝑥 = 𝜋, we have
Adding (ii) and (iii) we get [sin 𝑥] = 0, [1 + sin 𝑥] = 1 and [2 + sin 𝑥] = 2

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∴ 𝑓(𝑥) = 0 + 1 + 2 = 3 For domain of 𝑓(𝑥),
3𝜋
For 𝑥 = , we have ⇒ 4 − 𝑥2 > 0
2
[sin 𝑥] = −1, [1 + sin 𝑥] = 0 and [2 + sin 𝑥] = 1 ⇒ 𝑥2 < 4
∴ 𝑓(𝑥) = −1 + 0 + 1 = 0 ⇒ −2 < 𝑥 < 2
Hence, range of 𝑓(𝑥) = {0, 3} ∴ Domain= (−2, 2)
19 (b)
12 (c)
We know that two functions 𝑓(𝑥) and 𝑔(𝑥) are Given, 𝑓(0) = 1, 𝑓(1) = 5, 𝑓(2) = 11
identical, if their domains are same and 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑔(𝑥) Let the second degree equation be
Clearly, 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑔(𝑥) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐
Now, 𝐷1 = Domain (𝑓) = (3, ∞) ∴ 𝑓(0) = 0 + 0 + 𝑐 ⇒ 𝑐 = 1 … (i)
And, 𝐷2 = Domain (𝑔) = (−∞, 2) ∪ (3, ∞) 𝑓(1) = 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 ⇒ 5 = 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 1
∴ 𝐷1 ∩ 𝐷2 = (3, ∞) ⇒ 𝑎+𝑏 = 4 … (ii)
Hence, 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑔(𝑥) for all 𝑥 ∈ (3, ∞) 𝑓(2) = 4𝑎 + 2𝑏 + 𝑐 ⇒ 4𝑎 + 2𝑏 + 1 = 11
⇒ 2𝑎 + 𝑏 = 5 … (iii)
13 (d)
On solving Eqs. (ii) and (iii), we get
We have,
1 𝑎 = 1, 𝑏 = 3
1 − 𝑒 𝑥−1 > 0 ∴ The required equation is
1 1 1 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 1
⇒ 𝑒 𝑥−1 < 1 ⇒ −1<0⇒ <1⇒𝑥
𝑥 𝑥 20 (c)
∈ (−∞, 0) ∪ (1, ∞) We have,
14 (c) 2000 2000
{𝑥 + 𝑟} 1
𝑓(𝑎) = 𝑎 [𝑥] + ∑ = [𝑥] + ∑ ((𝑥 + 𝑟) − [𝑥 + 𝑟])
𝛼𝑎2 2000 2000
𝑟=1 𝑟=1
⇒ =𝑎 2000 2000
𝛼+1 [𝑥 + 𝑟] 1
⇒ 𝛼𝑎 = 𝑎2 + 𝑎
2 ⇒ [𝑥] + ∑ = [𝑥] + ∑ (𝑥 − [𝑥])
1 2000 2000
𝑟=1 𝑟=1
⇒ 𝛼 =1+ (∵ 𝑎 ≠ 0) [∵ [𝑥 + 𝑟] = [𝑥] + 𝑟]
𝑎 2000
15 (b) {𝑥 + 𝑟} 2000[𝑥]
We have, ⇒ [𝑥] + ∑ = [𝑥] + = [𝑥] + {𝑥} = 𝑥
2000 2000
−1, −2 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 0 𝑟=1
𝑓(𝑥) = {
𝑥 − 1, 0 < 𝑥 ≤ 2 21 (c)
Since 𝑥 ∈ [−2, 2], therefore |𝑥| ∈ [0, 2]. Consequently We have,
𝑓(|𝑥|) = |𝑥| − 1 for all 𝑥 ∈ [−2, 2] 𝑥 ∈ [−2, 2] ⇒ |𝑥| ∈ [0, 2]
−𝑥 − 1, for all 𝑥 ∈ [−2, 0] ∴ 𝑓(|𝑥|) = |𝑥| − 1
⇒ 𝑓(|𝑥|) = { … (i)
𝑥 − 1, for all 𝑥 ∈ [0, 2] Now,
−1, −2 ≤ 𝑥 < 0 𝑓(|𝑥|) = 𝑥
Now, 𝑓(|𝑥|) = {
𝑥 − 1, 0≤𝑥≤2 ⇒ |𝑥| − 1 = 𝑥 ⇒ −𝑥 − 1 = 𝑥 for 𝑥 ≤ 0 ⇒ 𝑥 = −
1
1, −2 ≤ 𝑥 < 0 2
1
⇒ |𝑓(𝑥)| = {1 − 𝑥, 0≤𝑥<1 … (ii) Hence, {𝑥 ∈ [−2, 2]: 𝑥 ≤ 0 and 𝑓(|𝑥|) = 𝑥} = {− }
𝑥 − 1, 1≤𝑥≤2 2
From (i) and (ii), we get 22 (a)
𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑓(|𝑥|) + |𝑓(𝑥)| Since the function 𝑔(𝑥) = cos 𝑥 is an even function and
−𝑥 − 1 + 1, −2 ≤ 𝑥 < 0 ℎ(𝑥) = log(𝑥 + √𝑥 2 + 1) is an odd function
⇒ 𝑔(𝑥) = {𝑥 − 1 + 1 − 𝑥, 0≤𝑥<1 Therefore, the function 𝑔𝑜ℎ (𝑥) = cos(log(𝑥 +
𝑥 − 1 + 𝑥 − 1, 1≤𝑥≤2
−𝑥, −2 ≤ 𝑥 < 0 √𝑥 2 + 1)) is an even function
⇒ 𝑔(𝑥) = { 0, 0≤𝑥<1 23 (a)
2(𝑥 − 1), 1≤𝑥≤2 Given
16 (d) 𝑓(θ) = 4 + 4 sin3 θ − 3 sin θ
Given, 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 3, 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 1 = 4 − (3 sin θ − 4 sin3 θ) = 4 − sin 3θ
2𝜋
∴ 𝑔{𝑓(𝑥)} = 𝑔(𝑥 − 3) ∴ Period of 𝑓(θ) =
3
⇒ 10 = (𝑥 − 3)2 + 1 24 (d)
⇒ 10 = 𝑥 2 + 10 − 6𝑥 Given, 𝑓(2𝑥 + 3) = sin 𝑥 + 2𝑥
⇒ 𝑥(𝑥 − 6) = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 = 0, 6 Put 𝑥 = 2𝑚 − 𝑛
17 (c) ∴ 𝑓[2(2𝑚 − 𝑛) + 3] = sin(2𝑚 − 𝑛) + 22𝑚−𝑛
We have, ⇒ 𝑓(4𝑚 − 2𝑛 + 3) = sin(2𝑚 − 𝑛) + 22𝑚−𝑛
𝑔(𝑓(𝑥)) = 8 25 (b)
⇒ 𝑔(2𝑥 + 3) = 8 𝑥+2
We have, 𝑓(𝑥) = 2
⇒ (2𝑥 + 3)2 + 7 = 8 ⇒ 2𝑥 + 3 = ±1 ⇒ 𝑥 = −1, −2 𝑥 − 8𝑥 − 4
18 (c) For 𝑓(𝑥) to be defined, we must have
1
Given, 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 − 4 ≠ 0, i. e. , 𝑥 ≠ 4 ± 2 √5
√4−𝑥2

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RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS XI-XII JEE | MHTCET | BOARDS
∴ Domain (𝑓) = 𝑅 − {4 − 2√5, 4 + 2√5} 5𝑥−𝑥 2
The function 𝑓(𝑥) = √log10 ( ) is defined, if
Let 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥). Then, 4
2
𝑥+2 5𝑥−𝑥
𝑦= 2 ≥ 1 ⇒ 5 𝑥 − 𝑥 2 − 4 ≥ 0 ⇒ 𝑥 ∈ [1, 4]
𝑥 − 8𝑥 − 4 4
⇒ 𝑥 2 𝑦 − (8𝑦 + 1)𝑥 − (4𝑦 + 2) = 0 ∴ Domain (f) = [1, 4]
(8𝑦 + 1) ± √(8𝑦 + 1)2 + 4𝑦(4𝑦 + 2) 34 (b)
⇒𝑥= Since, −1 ≤ cos 3𝑥 ≤ 1
2𝑦
⇒ 1 ≤ − cos 3𝑥 ≤ −1
(8𝑦 + 1) ± √80𝑦 2 + 24𝑦 + 1
⇒𝑥= ⇒ 3 ≤ 2 − cos 3𝑥 ≤ 1
2𝑦 1 1
For 𝑥 to be real, we must have ⇒ ≤ ≤1
3 2 − cos 3𝑥
80𝑦 2 + 24𝑦 + 1 ≥ 0 and 𝑦 ≠ 0 1
∴ Range of 𝑓 is [ , 1].
⇒ (20𝑦 + 1)(4𝑦 + 1) ≥ 0 and 𝑦 ≠ 0 3
1 1 35 (c)
⇒ 𝑦 ≤ − or, 𝑦 ≥ − , 𝑦 ≠ 0 We have,
4 20
⇒ 𝑦 ∈ (−∞, −1/4] ∪ [−1/20, ∞) and 𝑦 ≠ 0 𝑥, if 𝑥 is rational
𝑓(𝑥) = {
For 𝑥 = −2, we have 𝑦 = 0 and −2 ∈ Domain (𝑓) 1 − 𝑥, if 𝑥 is irrational
Hence, range (𝑓) = (−∞, −1/4] ∪ [−1/20, ∞) If 𝑥 is rational, then 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥
26 (d) ∴ 𝑓(𝑓(𝑥)) = 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥
Since 𝑓(𝑥) is a periodic function with period 2 𝜋/5. If 𝑥 is irrational, then 𝑓(𝑥) = 1 − 𝑥
Therefore, 𝑓 is not injective. The function 𝑓 is not ∴ 𝑓(𝑓(𝑥)) = 𝑓(1 − 𝑥) = 1 − (1 − 𝑥) = 𝑥
surjective also as its range [−1,1] is a proper subset of Thus, 𝑓(𝑓(𝑥)) = 𝑥 for all 𝑥 ∈ [0, 1]
its co-domain 𝑅 36 (c)
𝑥
27 (b) Let 𝑦 =
1+𝑥 2
It is clear from the given options that cos √𝑥 + cos 2 𝑥 is ⇒ 𝑥 2𝑦 − 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 0
not periodic. For 𝑥 to be real
28 (b) 1 − 4𝑦 2 ≥ 0
Given, 𝑓(𝑥) = [2𝑥] − 2[𝑥], ∀ 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅 ⇒ (1 − 2𝑦)(1 + 2𝑦) ≥ 0
If 𝑥 is an integer, then 1 1
𝑓(𝑥) = 0 ⇒ ( − 𝑦) ( + 𝑦) ≥ 0
2 2
And if 𝑥 is an integer, then 1 1
𝑓(𝑥) is either 1 or 0. ⇒ − ≤𝑦≤
2 2
∴ Range of 𝑓(𝑥) = {0, 1} 1 1
29 (b) ∴ 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) ∈ [− , ]
2 2
Since, 𝑔(𝑓(𝑥)) = |sin 𝑥| 37 (d)
⇒ 𝑔(sin2 𝑥) = |sin 𝑥| The domain of 𝑓(𝑥) is the complete set of real
⇒ 𝑔(sin2 𝑥) = √sin2 𝑥 ∴ 𝑔(𝑥) = √𝑥 numbers. Since 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝐴 is a surjection. Therefore, 𝐴 is
30 (b) the range of 𝑓(𝑥)
We have, Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑦. Then, 𝑦 ≥ 0
𝑓: [2, ∞) → 𝐵 such that 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 4 𝑥 + 5 Now,
Since 𝑓 is a bijection. Therefore, 𝐵 = range of 𝑓. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑦
Also, 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 4 𝑥 + 5 = (𝑥 − 2)2 + 1 for all 𝑥 ∈ 𝑥2
⇒ 2 =𝑦
[2, ∞) 𝑥 +1
Therefore, 𝑓(𝑥) ≥ 1 for all 𝑥 ∈ [2, ∞). Hence, 𝐵 = 𝑥2 + 1 1
⇒ = for 𝑦 > 0
[1, ∞) 𝑥2 𝑦
31 (a) 1 1−𝑦 𝑦
𝑓(𝑥) is defined, if ⇒ 2
= ⇒𝑥=√
𝑥 𝑦 1−𝑦
−(log 2 𝑥)2 + 5(log 2 𝑥) − 6 > 0 and 𝑥 > 0
⇒ (log 2 𝑥)2 − 5(log 2 𝑥) + 6 < 0 and 𝑥 > 0 Now,
⇒ (log 2 𝑥 − 2)(log 2 𝑥 − 3) < 0 and 𝑥 > 0 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅, ⇒ √
𝑦
is real ⇒
𝑦
≥0⇒0≤𝑦<1
⇒ 2 < log 2 𝑥 < 3 and 𝑥 > 0 1−𝑦 1−𝑦

⇒ 22 < 𝑥 < 23 and 𝑥 > 0 ⇒ 𝑥 ∈ (4, 8) Therefore, range of 𝑓(𝑥) is [0,1). Hence, 𝐴 = [0, 1)
32 (c) 38 (c)
𝑥 + 10𝜋 Since, inverse of an equivalent relation is also an
𝑓(𝑥 + 10𝜋) = sin {sin ( )} equivalent relation.
5
𝑥 ∴ 𝑅−1 is an equivalent relation.
⇒ 𝑓(𝑥 + 10𝜋) = sin {sin ( + 2𝜋)}
5 39 (d)
𝑥
⇒ 𝑓(𝑥 + 10𝜋) = sin {sin ( )} = 𝑓(𝑥) The domain of 𝑓(𝑥) is the complete set of real
5 numbers. Since 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝐴 is a surjection. Therefore, 𝐴 is
Therefore, period of 𝑓(𝑥) is 10𝜋.
the range of 𝑓(𝑥)
33 (a)

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Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑦. Then, 𝑦 ≥ 0 and, 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑦 46 (c)
𝑥2 For even 𝑓(−𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) and for odd, 𝑓(−𝑥) = −𝑓(𝑥)
∴ 2 =𝑦 And 𝑓(𝑥) is increasing, if 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) > 0.
𝑥 +1
2
𝑥 +1 1 Here, 𝑓(𝑥) is not differentiable at 𝑥 ∈ 𝐼 and above two
⇒ = for 𝑦 > 0 cases are also not satisfied by 𝑓(𝑥).
𝑥2 𝑦
∴ 𝑓(𝑥) = [𝑥] is neither even nor odd.
1 1−𝑦 𝑦
⇒ = ⇒𝑥=√ 47 (a)
𝑥 2 𝑦 1−𝑦 For 𝑓(𝑥) to be real, we must have
Now, 6𝑥 − 4 6𝑥 − 4
− log 4 ( ) > 0, > 0 and 6𝑥 + 5 ≠ 0
6𝑥 + 5 6𝑥 + 5
𝑦 𝑦 6𝑥 − 4 6𝑥 − 4
√ is real ⇒ ≥0⇒0≤𝑦<1 ⇒ log 4 ( ) < 0, > 0 and 6𝑥 + 5 ≠ 0
1−𝑦 1−𝑦 6𝑥 + 5 6𝑥 + 5
6𝑥 − 4 6𝑥 − 4 −5
So, Range of 𝑓(𝑥) is [0, 1). Hence, 𝐴 = [0,1) ⇒ > 40 , > 0 and 𝑥 ≠
40 (c) 6𝑥 + 5 6𝑥 + 5 6
−9 6𝑥 − 4 −5
For 𝑓(𝑥) to be defined, 5 − 4𝑥 − 𝑥 2 ≥ 0 and 𝑥 + 4 > 0 ⇒ < 0, > 0 and 𝑥 ≠
⇒ −5 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1 6𝑥 + 5 6𝑥 + 5 6
6𝑥 − 4 −5
And 𝑥 > −4 ⇒ 6𝑥 + 5 > 0, > 0 and 𝑥 ≠
⇒ −4 < 𝑥 ≤ 1 6𝑥 + 5 6
−5
41 (d) ⇒ 6𝑥 − 4 > 0 and 𝑥 ≠
6
∵ 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎 {tan(𝜋𝑥)+𝑥−[𝑥]} 2 −5
= 𝑎{tan(𝜋𝑥)+(𝑥)} ⇒ 𝑥 > and 𝑥 ≠
3 6
= 𝑎 tan 𝜋𝑥 𝑎 {𝑥} ⇒ 𝑥 ∈ (2/3, ∞)
Hence, period of 𝑓(𝑥) is 1. 48 (c)
42 (a) 𝑅 is not anti-symmetric.
For 𝑓(𝑥) to be defined 49 (d)
𝑥 − 1 > 0 and 2𝑥 − 1 > 0 and 2𝑥 − 1 ≠ 1 Given, 𝑛(𝐴) = 4 and 𝑛(𝐵) = 6
1
⇒ 𝑥 > 1, 𝑥 > and 𝑥 ≠ 1 Here, 𝑛(𝐵) > 𝑛(𝐴)
2
⇒𝑥>1 Since, the function 𝑓 is one-one and onto.
Hence, domain is (1, ∞). ∴ Required number of ways
43 (c) 6!
= 6 𝑃4 = = 360
We have, 2!
𝑓(𝑥) = sin 𝑥 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 50 (d)
∴ 𝑓𝑜g(𝑥) = 𝑓(g(𝑥)) = 𝑓(𝑥 2 ) = sin 𝑥 2 We have,
1 1 1 1
44 (d) 𝑓(𝑥 2 ) = 𝑥 2 − 2 = (𝑥 − ) (𝑥 + ) = (𝑥 + ) 𝑓(𝑥)
1 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑦) − [𝑓 ( )] + 𝑓(𝑥 𝑦) 51 (d)
2 𝑦 We have,
= cos (log 𝑥). cos (log 𝑦) 𝑓(𝑥 2 ) = |𝑥 2 − 1| ≠ |𝑥 − 1|2 = [𝑓(𝑥)]2
1 𝑥
− [cos (log ( )) + cos (log 𝑥𝑦)] 𝑓(|𝑥|) = ||𝑥| − 1 ≠ |𝑥 − 1| = |𝑓(𝑥)|
2 𝑦 and,
1 𝑓(𝑥 + 𝑦) = |𝑥 + 𝑦 − 1| ≠ |𝑥 − 1| + |𝑦 − 1|
= cos (log 𝑥) cos (log 𝑦) −
2 ≠ 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑓(𝑦)
× 2 cos (log 𝑥) cos (log 𝑦) Hence, none of the given option is true
= cos (log 𝑥) cos (log 𝑦) − cos (log 𝑥) cos (log 𝑦) 52 (d)
=0 Given,
45 (b) 𝑓(𝑥 + 𝑦) = 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑓(𝑦)
We have, For 𝑥 = 1, 𝑦 = 1 we get
− log 0.3 (𝑥 − 1) log 0.3 (𝑥 − 1) 𝑓(2) = 𝑓(1) + 𝑓(1)
𝑓(𝑥) = √ =√ 2 = 2. 𝑓(1) = 10
−𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 18 𝑥 − 3𝑥 − 18
Also
𝑓(𝑥) is defined, if 𝑓(3) = 𝑓(2) + 𝑓(1) = 15
log 0.3 (𝑥 − 1) ⇒ 𝑓(𝑛) = 5𝑛
≥0
𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 18 ∴ 𝑓(100) = 500
log 0.3 (𝑥 − 1) ≥ 0 and 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 53 (d)
⇒{ OR − 18 > 0 Since, 𝑅 is defined as 𝑎𝑅𝑏 iff |𝑎 − 𝑏| > 0.
log 0.3 (𝑥 − 1) < 0 and 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 18 < 0 Reflexive : 𝑎𝑅𝑎 iff |𝑎 − 𝑎| > 0
1 < 𝑥 ≤ 2 and 𝑥 < −3 or 𝑥 > 6 Which is not true. So, 𝑅 is not reflexive.
⇒{ OR Symmetric : 𝑎𝑅𝑏 iff |𝑎 − 𝑏| > 0
𝑥 > 2 and − 3 < 𝑥 < Now, 𝑏𝑅𝑎 iff |𝑏 − 𝑎| > 0
⇒ 2 < 𝑥 < 6 ⇒ 𝑥 ∈ (2,6) ⇒ |𝑎 − 𝑏| > 0 ⇒ 𝑎𝑅𝑏
Hence domain of 𝑓(𝑥) = (2, 6)

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Thus, 𝑅 is symmetric. ⇒ {𝑥} = 1 [∵ 𝑥 = [𝑥] + {𝑥}]
Transitive : 𝑎𝑅𝑏 iff |𝑎 − 𝑏| > 0 Which is not possible.
𝑏𝑅𝑐 iff |𝑏 − 𝑐| > 0 1
∴ {𝑥 ∈ 𝑅: 𝑓(𝑥) = } is an empty set.
|𝑎 − 𝑏 + 𝑏 − 𝑐| > 0 2
⇒
61 (b)
⇒ |𝑎 − 𝑐| > 0
|𝑐 − 𝑎| > 0 ⇒ 𝑎𝑅𝑐 We know that |sin 𝑥| + | cos 𝑥 | is periodic with period
⇒ 𝜋
Thus, 𝑅 is also transitive. 2
𝜋
54 (a) ∴ 𝑓(𝑥) = |sin 3𝑥| + |cos 3𝑥| I periodic with period
6
1−𝑥 62 (d)
1 − 𝑓(𝑥) 1 − 1 + 𝑥
𝑓𝑜𝑓 = = Given,
1 + 𝑓(𝑥) 1 + 1 − 𝑥
1+𝑥 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 − [𝑥]
⇒ 𝑓[𝑓(𝑥)] = 𝑥 For 2 < 𝑥 < 3, then value of [𝑥] is 2
⇒ 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) Let 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 2, 2 < 𝑥 < 3
55 (b) ⇒ 𝑥 =2+𝑦
Given, 𝑓(𝑥) = log(𝑥 + √𝑥 2 + 1) ∴ 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) = 2 + 𝑥
63 (a)
∴ 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑓(−𝑥) = log(𝑥 + √𝑥 2 + 1 We have,
+ log(−𝑥 + √𝑥 2 + 1) 1 sin 𝑥
= log(1) = 0 𝑓(𝑥) = ( )
2
Hence, 𝑓(𝑥) is an odd function. Since, sin 𝑥 is a periodic function with period 2 𝜋.
56 (c) Therefore, 𝑓(𝑥) is periodic with period 2 𝜋. We also
Given, know that every function can be uniquely expressed as
𝑓(𝑥) = log{(𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐)(𝑥 + 1)} the sum of an even function and an odd function
= log(𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐) + log(𝑥 + 1) Hence, option (a) is true.
For 𝑓(𝑥) to be defined 64 (d)
𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 > 0 and 𝑥 + 1 > 0 Given, 𝑓(𝑥) = √𝑥
⇒ 𝑥 > −1
𝑓(25) √25
Hence, option (c) is correct. ∴ =
57 (d) 𝑓(16) + 𝑓(1) √16 + √1
5
We have, 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 = =1
Clearly, 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 is a parabola opening upward 4+1
1 1 66 (a)
having its vertex at (− , − ). So, 𝑓 is a many-one into The even extension of 𝑓(𝑥) on the interval [−1, 1] is
2 4
function given by
ALITER We have, 𝑓(0) = 𝑓(−1) = 0 𝑓(𝑥) for 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1
So, 𝑓 is many-one 𝑔(𝑥) = {
𝑓(−𝑥) for − 1 ≤ 𝑥 < 0
1 2 1 1 ⇒ 𝑔(𝑥)
Also, 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 = (𝑥 + ) − ≥ − for all 𝑥
2 4 4 3𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 8 log(1 + |𝑥|) for 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1
∴ Range (𝑓) = [−1/4, ∞] ≠ Co-domain (𝑓) ={ 2
3𝑥 + 4𝑥 + 8 + log(1 + |𝑥|) for − 1 ≤ 𝑥 < 0
So, 𝑓 is into
67 (c)
58 (c)
𝑥 2 +𝑥+2
We have, Let 𝑦 = 2
𝑥 +𝑥+1
1 ⇒ 𝑥 2 (𝑦 − 1) + 𝑥(𝑦 − 1) + (𝑦 − 2) = 0, ∀ 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅
𝑇1 = 1 and 𝑇2 =
3 Now, 𝐷 ≥ 0 ⇒ (𝑦 − 1)2 − 4(𝑦 − 1)(𝑦 − 2) ≥ 0
Clearly, 𝑇1 = 3 𝑇2 ⇒ (𝑦 − 1){(𝑦 − 1) − 4(𝑦 − 2)} ≥ 0
59 (c) ⇒ (𝑦 − 1)(−3𝑦 + 7) ≥ 0
Let 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 𝑢 and 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 𝑣
𝑢+𝑣 𝑢−𝑣
⇒ 𝑥= and 𝑦 =
2 2
𝑢+𝑣 𝑢−𝑣
∴ 𝑓(𝑢, 𝑣) = ( )( )
2 2 7
The arithmetic mean of 𝑓(𝑢, 𝑣) and 𝑓(𝑣, 𝑢) ⇒ 1≤𝑦≤
𝑓(𝑢, 𝑣) + 𝑓(𝑣, 𝑢) 3
= 68 (a)
2 We observe that
𝑢+𝑣 𝑢−𝑣 𝑢+𝑣 𝑣−𝑢
( 2 )+( 2 )( 2 )
= 2
=0 𝜋𝑥 2𝜋 𝜋𝑥 2𝜋
2 Period of sin ( ) is = 4, Period of cos is = 4,
2 𝜋/2 2 𝜋/2
60 (c) 𝜋𝑥 𝜋𝑥
1 So, period of sin + cos is LCM of (4, 4) = 4
2 2
Since, 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 − [𝑥] −
2 69 (b)
1
Also, 𝑓(𝑥) = We have,
2
1 1 𝑓(𝑥) = sin4 𝑥 + cos 4 𝑥
∴ = 𝑥 − [𝑥] − ⇒ 𝑓(𝑥) = (sin2 𝑥 + cos 2 𝑥) − 2 sin2 𝑥 cos 2 𝑥
2 2
⇒ 𝑥 − [𝑥] = 1

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1 1 1 − cos 4 𝑥 For 𝑓(𝑥) to be defined 4 − 𝑥 2 ≥ 0; −1 ≤ 2 − 𝑥 ≤ and
⇒ 𝑓(𝑥) = 1 − (sin 2 𝑥)2 = 1 − { }
2 2 2 2−𝑥 ≠ 0
3 1 ⇒ −2 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2; 1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 3 and 𝑥 ≠ 2
= + cos 4 𝑥
4 4 ∴ Domian of 𝑓(𝑥) is [1, 2).
Since cos 𝑥 is periodic with period 2 𝜋. Therefore, 77 (a)
cos 4 𝑥 is periodic with period 𝜋/2 and hence 𝑓(𝑥) is Clearly, 𝑓(𝑥) is defined for all 𝑥 satisfying
periodic with period 𝜋/2 −1 ≤ |𝑥 − 1| − 2 ≤ 1
70 (a) ⇒ 1 ≤ |𝑥 − 1| ≤ 3
Given, (𝑥, 𝑦) ⇔ 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥𝑦 + 3𝑦 2 = 0 ⇒ 1 ≤ (𝑥 − 1) ≤ 3 or, −3 ≤ 𝑥 − 1 ≤ −1
Or (𝑥, 𝑦) ⇔ (𝑥 − 𝑦)(𝑥 − 3𝑦) = 0 ⇒ 2 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 4 or, −2 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 0 ⇒ 𝑥 ∈ [2, 4] ∪ [−2, 0]
(i) Reflexive 78 (a)
𝑥𝑅𝑥 ⇒ (𝑥 − 𝑥)(𝑥 − 3𝑥) = 0 For 𝑓(𝑥) to be defined, we must have
∴ It is reflexive. −1 ≤ [sec 𝑥] ≤ 1
(ii) Symmetric ⇒ −1 ≤ sec 𝑥 < 2
Now, 𝑥𝑅𝑦 ⇔ (𝑥 − 𝑦)(𝑥 − 3𝑦) = 0 𝜋
⇒ 2𝑚 𝜋 ≤ 𝑥 < 2𝑚𝜋 + , 𝑚 ∈ 𝑍 or, 𝑥 = (2𝑛 + 1)𝜋, 𝑛
And, 𝑦𝑅𝑥 ⇔ (𝑦 − 𝑥)(𝑦 − 3𝑥) = 0 ⇒ 𝑥𝑅𝑦 ≠ 𝑦𝑅𝑥 3
∴ It is not symmetric. ∈𝑍
Similarly, it is not transitive. ⇒ 𝑥 ∈ {𝑥 ∶ 𝑥 = (2𝑛 + 1)𝜋, 𝑛 ∈ 𝑍}
71 (b) ∪ {𝑥 ∶ 2𝑚 𝜋 ≤ 𝑥 < 2𝑚 𝜋 + 𝜋/3, 𝑚 ∈ 𝑍}
We have, 79 (d)
𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 − 3) For domain of sin−1 (log 3 𝑥)
⇒ 𝑓(1) = 𝑓(2) = 𝑓(3) = 0 −1 ≤ log 3 𝑥 ≤ 1
⇒ 𝑓(𝑥) is not one-one ⇒ 3−1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 3
1
For each 𝑦 ∈ 𝑅, there exists 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅 such that 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑦. ∴ Domain of sin−1 (log 3 𝑥) is [ , 3].
3
Therefore, 𝑓 is onto
80 (b)
Hence, 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 is onto but not one-one
We have,
72 (c) 1 1
Since, 𝑓: 𝑋 → 𝑌 and 𝑓(𝑥) = sin 𝑥 𝑓 (𝑥 + ) = 𝑥 2 + 2
𝑥 𝑥
Now, take option (c).
𝜋 1 1 2
Domain = [0, ], Range = [−1, 1] ⇒ 𝑓 (𝑥 + ) = (𝑥 + ) − 2
2 𝑥 𝑥
1
For every value of 𝑥, we get unique value of 𝑦. But the ⇒ 𝑓(𝑦) = 𝑦 2 − 2, where 𝑦 = 𝑥 +
𝑥
value of 𝑦 in [−1, 0) does not have any preimage.
Now,
∴ Function is one-one but not onto. 1
73 (c) 𝑦 = 𝑥 + ,𝑥 ≠ 0
𝑥
Since, 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 such that 𝑓(𝑥) = 3−𝑥 ⇒ 𝑦 ≥ 2 or, 𝑦 ≤ −2 ⇒ |𝑦| ≥ 2
Let 𝑦1 and 𝑦2 be two elements of 𝑓(𝑥) such that 𝑦1 = Thus, 𝑓(𝑦) = 𝑦 2 − 2 for all |𝑦| ≥ 2
𝑦2 81 (a)
⇒ 3−𝑥1 = 3−𝑥2 ⇒ 𝑥1 = 𝑥2 𝜋
Since, if two images are equal, then their elements are Given, 𝑓(𝑥) = sin2 𝑥 + sin2 (𝑥 + ) + cos 𝑥 cos (𝑥 +
3
𝜋
equal, therefore it is one-one function. )
3
Since, 𝑓(𝑥) is positive for every value of 𝑥, therefore 𝜋 𝜋2
𝑓(𝑥) in into. = sin2 𝑥 + [sin 𝑥 cos + cos 𝑥 sin ]
𝑑𝑦 3 3
On differentiating w.r.t. 𝑥, we get = −3−𝑥 log 3 < 0 𝜋 𝜋
𝑑𝑥 + cos 𝑥 [cos 𝑥 cos − sin 𝑥 sin ]
for every value of 𝑥. 3 3
∴ It is decreasing function. sin 𝑥 √3
= sin2 𝑥 + [ + cos 𝑥. ]
∴ Statement I and II are true. 2 2
74 (d) cos 𝑥 √3
We have, + cos 𝑥 [ − sin 𝑥. ]
2 2
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥[𝑥] = 𝑘𝑥, when 𝑘 ≤ 𝑥 < 𝑘 + 1 and 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍 2 2
sin 𝑥 3 cos 𝑥 √3
Clearly, it is not a periodic function = sin2 𝑥 + + + sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥.
75 (a) 4 4 2
Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑦. Then, cos 2 𝑥 √3
+ − sin 𝑥 cos
3𝑥+2 3𝑦+2 2 2
=𝑦⇒𝑥= 2
5 sin 𝑥 2
cos 𝑥 5
5𝑥−3 5𝑦−3 = +5 =
−1 (𝑦)
3𝑦+2 3𝑥+2 4 4 4
∴𝑓 = or, 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) = ∴ 𝑔𝑜𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑔[𝑓(𝑥)] = 𝑔 ( ) = 1
5
(given)
5𝑦−3 5𝑥−3 4
= 𝑓(𝑥) for all 𝑥 82 (a)
76 (c) We have,
√4−𝑥 2 𝜋
Given, 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) = sec ( cos 2 𝑥) , 𝑥 ∈ (−∞, ∞)
sin−1 (2−𝑥) 4

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Clearly, 89 (a)
𝜋 𝜋 𝑥+2
0 ≤ cos 2 𝑥 ≤ for all 𝑥 ∈ (−∞, ∞) ⇒ 𝑓(𝑥) ∈ [1, √2] 𝑥+2 +2
4 4 ∵ 𝑓(𝑦) = 𝑓 ( )=𝑥−1
83 (d) 𝑥−1 𝑥+2
−1
We have, 𝑥−1
𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑒 −𝑥 ∴ 𝑓(𝑦) = 𝑥
𝑒 |𝑥| − 𝑒 −𝑥
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 = {𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑒 −𝑥 , 𝑥≥0 90 (c)
𝑒 + 𝑒 −𝑥 (𝑓𝑜𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓[𝑔(𝑥)] = 𝑓(|3𝑥 + 4|)
0, 𝑥<0
⇒ 𝑓(𝑥) is many-one into as range (𝑓) = [0, ∞) Since, the domain of 𝑓 is [−3, 5]
84 (b) ∴ −3 ≤ |3𝑥 + 4| ≤ 5
Given, 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 − 3) ⇒ |3𝑥 + 4| ≤ 5
⇒ 𝑓(1) = 𝑓(2) = 𝑓(3) = 0 ⇒ −5 ≤ 3𝑥 + 4 ≤ 5
⇒ 𝑓(𝑥) is not one-one. ⇒ −9 ≤ 3𝑥 ≤ 1
For each 𝑦 ∈ 𝑅, there exists 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅 such that 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑦. 1
⇒ −3 ≤ 𝑥 ≤
Therefore, 𝑓 is onto. 3
1
85 (c) ∴ Domian of 𝑓𝑜𝑔 is [−3, ].
3
𝑛−1
, when 𝑛 is odd 92 (b)
Given, 𝑓(𝑛) = { 2𝑛 𝑔(𝑥) = 1 + 𝑥 − [𝑥] is greater than 1 since 𝑥 − [𝑥] > 0,
− , when 𝑛 is even
2 𝑓{𝑔(𝑥)} = 1
93 (c)
And 𝑓: 𝑁 → 𝐼, where 𝑁 is the set of natural numbers We have,
and 𝐼 is the set of integers. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 − [𝑥]
Let 𝑥, 𝑦 ∈ 𝑁 and both are even. 𝑥 − 𝑛, if 𝑛 < 𝑥 < 𝑛 + 1
Then, 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑦) ⇒ 𝑓(𝑥) = { , where 𝑛 ∈ 𝑍
𝑛 − 𝑛 = 0, if 𝑥 = 𝑛
𝑥 𝑦
⇒− =− ⇒𝑥=𝑦 Thus, 𝑓(𝑥) is a many-one function
2 2 Consequently, 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) is not defined
Again, 𝑥, 𝑦 ∈ 𝑁 and both are odd. 94 (a)
Then, 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑦)
Given, 𝑃(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏
𝑥−1 𝑦−1
⇒ = ∴ 𝑃(10) = 10 + 10𝑎 + 𝑏 = 10 + 5 = 15
2 2 And 𝑃(11) = 11 + 11𝑎 + 𝑏
⇒ 𝑥=𝑦
= 11 + 5 + 𝑎 = 16 + 𝑎
So, mapping is one-one.
∵ 𝑃(10)𝑃(11) = 𝑃(𝑛)
Since, each negative integer is an image of even natural
⇒ 15(16 + 𝑎) = 𝑛 + 𝑛𝑎 + 𝑏
number and positive integer is an image of odd natural
⇒ 240 + 15𝑎 = 𝑛 + 𝑛𝑎 + 5 − 10𝑎
number. So, mapping is onto.
⇒ 𝑛 + 𝑛𝑎 − 25𝑎 − 235 = 0
86 (a)
1+𝑥 2
(a) When 𝑛 = 15
Since √cos(sin 𝑥) exists for all 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅 and sin−1 ( ) 15 + 15𝑎 − 25𝑎 − 235 = 0
2𝑥
exists for 𝑥 = ±1. Therefore, ⇒ 𝑎 = −22 and 𝑏 = 225
1+𝑥 2 (b) When 𝑛 = 64
𝑓(𝑥) = √cos(sin 𝑥) + sin−1 ( ) is defined for 𝑥 ∈
2𝑥 65 + 65𝑎 − 25𝑎 − 235 = 0
[−1, 1] 17
⇒ 𝑎 = − which is not integer.
87 (a) 4
10+𝑥 (c) When 𝑛 = 115
Here, 𝑓(𝑥) = log
10−𝑥 115 + 115𝑎 − 25𝑎 − 235 = 0
200𝑥 4
Given that, 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑘 𝑓 ( ) ⇒ 𝑎 = which is not integer.
100+𝑥 2 3
200𝑥
10+x 10+
100+𝑥2 (d) When 𝑛 = 165
⇒ log = 𝑘. log { }
10−x 10−
200𝑥
100+𝑥2
165 + 165𝑎 − 25𝑎 − 235 = 0
1
10 + 𝑥 2 ⇒ 𝑎 = which is not integer.
2
= 𝑘 log ( )
10 − 𝑥 96 (a)
10 + 𝑥 10 + 𝑥 We have,
⇒ log = 2𝑘 log
10 − 𝑥 10 − 𝑥 𝑓𝑜𝑓 −1 (𝑥) = 𝑥 for all 𝑥 ∈ (−∞, 2]
⇒ 𝑘 = 0.5 ⇒ 𝑓(𝑓 −1 (𝑥)) = 𝑥
88 (d) ⇒ 4𝑓 −1 (𝑥) − {𝑓 −1 (𝑥)}2 = 𝑥
𝑛2 , if 𝑛 odd ⇒ {𝑓 −1 (𝑥)}2 − 4𝑓 −1 (𝑥) + 𝑥 = 0
Since, 𝑓(𝑛) = {
2𝑛 + 1, if 𝑛 is even
4 ± √16 − 4𝑥
𝑓(1) = 12 = 1 𝑓(2) = 2(2) + 1 = 5 ⇒ 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) = = 2 ± √4 − 𝑥
𝑓(3) = 32 = 9 𝑓(4) = 2(4) + 1 = 9 2
−1 (𝑥)
∴ 𝑓(3) = 𝑓(4) ⇒𝑓 = 2 − √4 − 𝑥 [∵ −∞ < 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) ≤ 2]
∴ 𝑓 is not injective. 97 (b)
Also, 𝑓 is not surjective as every element of 𝑁 is not the We have,
image of any element of 𝑁 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑎 − 𝑥 𝑛 )1/𝑛 , 𝑛 ∈ 𝑁

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⇒ 𝑓𝑜𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑓(𝑥)) 1 1
𝑓(1), if ≤𝑥<
⇒ 𝑓𝑜𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓((𝑎−𝑥 𝑛 )1/𝑛 ) 2 √2
⇒ 𝑓𝑜𝑔𝑜ℎ (𝑥) =
𝑛 )1/𝑛 𝑛 1/𝑛 1
⇒ 𝑓𝑜𝑓(𝑐) = [𝑎 − {(𝑎 − 𝑥 } ] 𝑓(2), if 𝑥 =
{ √2
⇒ 𝑓𝑜𝑓(𝑥) = {𝑎 − (𝑎 − 𝑥 𝑛 )}1/𝑛 = (𝑥 𝑛 )1/𝑛 = 𝑥 1 1
−1
98 (d) sin (1), if ≤ 𝑥 <
We have, 𝑓(𝑥) = log 3 |log 𝑒 𝑥| 2 √2
⇒ 𝑓𝑜𝑔𝑜ℎ (𝑥) =
Clearly, 𝑓(𝑥) is defined, if 1
sin−1 (2), if 𝑥 =
log 𝑒 𝑥 ≠ 0 and 𝑥 > 0 ⇒ 𝑥 ≠ 1 and 𝑥 > 0 ⇒ 𝑥 ∈ { √2
(0, 1) ∪ (1, ∞) 𝜋 1 1
, if ≤ 𝑥 <
99 (d) 2 2 √2
⇒ 𝑓𝑜𝑔𝑜ℎ (𝑥) =
Since 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 and 𝑔: 𝑅 → 𝑅, given by 𝑓(𝑥) = 2 𝑥 − 3 1
and 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 5 respectively, are bijections. Does not exist, if 𝑥 =
{ √2
Therefore, 𝑓 −1 and 𝑔−1 exist Thus, option (a) and (b) are not correct
We have, Now,
𝑓(𝑥) = 2 𝑥 − 3 ℎ𝑜𝑓𝑜𝑔 (𝑥) = 2 sin−1 [𝑥 2 ] and , ℎ𝑜𝑔𝑜𝑓 (𝑥) =
∴ 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑦 2[{sin−1 𝑥}2 ]
𝑦+3 ⇒ ℎ𝑜𝑓𝑜𝑔 (𝑥) = 2 sin−1 0
⇒2𝑥−3=𝑦⇒𝑥 =
2 and
−1 (𝑦)
𝑦+3 1
⇒𝑓 = ∵ ≤ 𝑥 2 ≤ 1/2 ⇒ [𝑥 2 ] = 0
2 4
𝑥+3
Thus, 𝑓 −1 is given by 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) = for all 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅 and
3
Similarly, 𝑔−1 (𝑥) = (𝑥 − 5)1/3 for all 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅 ℎ𝑜𝑔𝑜𝑓 (𝑥) = 2 × 0 1 1
−1 −1 −1 −1 −1
≤𝑥≤
Now, (𝑓𝑜𝑔) (𝑥) = (𝑔 𝑜𝑓 )(𝑥) = 𝑔 (𝑓 (𝑥)) 2 √2
1/3 −1
𝑥 + 3 𝑥 + 3 ⇒ 𝜋/6 ≤ sin 𝑥 ≤ 𝜋/4
⇒ (𝑓𝑜𝑔)−1 (𝑥) = 𝑔−1 ( )=( − 5) −1 2]
2 2 [ ⇒ [{sin 𝑥} = ]
𝑥 − 7 1/3 ⇒ ℎ𝑜𝑓𝑜𝑔 (𝑥) = ℎ𝑜𝑔𝑜𝑓 (𝑥) for all 𝑥 ∈ [1/2,1/√2]
=( )
2 104 (c)
100 (c) Let 𝑥, 𝑦 ∈ 𝑁 be such that
Since, 𝑓(𝑥) is a many-one function. so its inverse does 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑦)
not exist. ⇒ 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1 = 𝑦2 + 𝑦 + 1
101 (b) ⇒ (𝑥 − 𝑦)(𝑥 + 𝑦 + 1) = 0
𝑥 [∵ 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 1 ≠ 0]
Clearly, 𝑓(𝑥) = is one-one but not onto as range of 𝑓 ⇒𝑥=𝑦
2
is [1/2, 1/2] ≠ 𝐴 ∴ 𝑓: 𝑁 → 𝑁 is one-one
𝜋𝑥 𝑓 is not onto, because 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1 ≥ 3 for all 𝑥 ∈ 𝑁
The graph of 𝑔(𝑥) = sin ( ) is as shown in Fig.S.1 So, 1, 2 do not have their pre-image
2
Evidently, it is a bijection 105 (b)
ℎ(𝑥) = |𝑥| is many one as ℎ(−1/2) = ℎ(1/2) We have,
and 𝑘(𝑥) is also many-one as 𝑘(−1/2) = 𝑘(1/2) 0, 𝑥 = 0
2
𝜋
𝑓(𝑥) = {𝑥 sin ( ) , |𝑥| < 1
2𝑥
𝑥|𝑥|, |𝑥| ≥ 1
−𝑥 2 , 𝑥 ≤ −1
2
𝜋
𝑥 sin ( ) , −1 < 𝑥 < 0
2𝑥
⇒ 𝑓(𝑥) = 0, 𝑥=0
2
𝜋
𝑥 sin ( ) , 0 < 𝑥 < 1
2𝑥
{ 𝑥 2, 𝑥≤1
−(−𝑥)2 , − 𝑥 ≤ −1
102 (b) 𝜋
2 (−𝑥)2 sin ( ) , −1 < −𝑥 < 0
For domain of 𝑓(𝑥), 2 − 2𝑥 − 𝑥 ≥ 0 −2𝑥
⇒ 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 2 ≤ 0 ⇒ 𝑓(−𝑥) = 0, 𝑥 = 0
⇒ −1 − √3 ≤ 𝑥 < −1 + √3 2
𝜋
(−𝑥) sin ( ), 0 < −𝑥 < 1
103 (c) −2𝑥
{ (−𝑥) ,2
𝑓𝑜𝑔𝑜ℎ (𝑥) = (𝑓𝑜𝑔)(ℎ(𝑥)) = (𝑓𝑜𝑔)(2𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑔(2𝑥)) −𝑥 ≥ 1
2 ])
= 𝑓([4𝑥

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−𝑥 2 , 𝑥 ≥ 1 114 (c)
𝜋 The total number of bijections from a set containing n
−𝑥 2 sin ( ) , 0 < 𝑥 < 1
2𝑥 elements to itself is 𝑛 !. Hence, required number =
⇒ 𝑓(−𝑥) = 0, 𝑥 = 0 (106) !
𝜋
−𝑥 2 sin ( ) , −1 < 𝑥 < 0 115 (c)
2𝑥 We have,
{ 𝑥 2, 𝑥 ≤ −1 3𝑥 − 1
⇒ 𝑓(−𝑥) = −𝑓(𝑥) for all 𝑥 𝑓(𝑥) = log 0.5 {− log 2 ( )}
3𝑥 + 2
Hence, 𝑓(𝑥) is an odd function Clearly, 𝑓(𝑥) id defined if
106 (d) 3𝑥 − 1 3𝑥 − 1
Here, we have to find the range of the function which − log 2 ( ) > 0 and >0
3𝑥 + 2 3𝑥 + 2
[−1/3 ,1] 3𝑥 − 1 2 1
108 (b) ⇒ log 2 ( ) < 0 and 𝑥 < − or 𝑥 >
3𝑥 + 2 3 3
The function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 is not a surjective map from 𝑍 3𝑥 − 1
to itself, because 2 ∈ 𝑍 does not have any pre-image in ⇒ < 20 and 𝑥 ∈ (−∞, −2/3) ∪ (1/3, ∞)
3𝑥 + 2
𝑍. The function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 2 is a bijection from 𝑍 to −3
⇒ > 0 and 𝑥 ∈ (−∞, −2/3) ∪ (1/3, ∞)
itself. The function 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 1 is not a surjection 3𝑥 + 2
from 𝑍 to itself and 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 is not an injection 2
⇒ 𝑥 > − and 𝑥 ∈ (−∞, −2/3) ∪ (1/3 − ∞)
map from 𝑍 to self 3
109 (d) ⇒ 𝑥 ∈ (1/3, ∞)
For 𝑓(𝑥) to be real, we must have 117 (b)
|cos 𝑥| + cos 𝑥 > 0 𝑓(𝑥) = | sin 𝑥 | has its inverse if it is a bijection. Clearly
⇒ 2 cos 𝑥 > 0 [∵ cos 𝑥 < 0 ⇒ |cos 𝑥| + cos 𝑥 = 0] 𝑓(𝑥) = | sin 𝑥 | is injective if its domain is [0, 𝜋/2]. Also,
⇒ cos 𝑥 > 0 𝑓(𝑥) is surjective if its co-domain is [0, 1]
𝜋 𝜋 Hence, 𝑓(𝑥) = | sin 𝑥 | is invertible if it is a function
⇒ 2𝑛𝜋 − < 𝑥 < 2𝑛 𝜋 + ⇒ 𝑥
2 2 from [0, 𝜋/2] to [0, 1]
𝜋 𝜋 118 (b)
∈ ((4𝑛 − 1) , (4𝑛 + 1) )
2 2 We have,
𝜋 𝜋 𝑓(𝑥) = log (𝑥 + √𝑥 2 + 1)
Hence, domain (𝑓) = ((4𝑛 − 1) , (4𝑛 + 1) )
2 2
∴ 𝑓(−𝑥) + 𝑓(𝑥) = log(𝑥 + √𝑥 2 + 1)
110 (d)
We have, + lg(−𝑥 + √𝑥 2 + 1)
⇒ 𝑓(−𝑥) + 𝑓(𝑥) = log(−𝑥 2 + 𝑥 2 + 1) = log 1 = 0 for
𝑓(𝑥) = (25 − 𝑥 4 )1/4
all 𝑥
∴ 𝑓𝑜𝑓 (𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑓(𝑥)) = 𝑓((25 − 𝑥 4 )1/4 )
⇒ 𝑓(−𝑥) = −𝑓(𝑥) for all 𝑥
4 1/4
⇒ 𝑓𝑜𝑓 (𝑥) = [25 − {(25 − 𝑥 4 )1/4 } ] ⇒ 𝑓(𝑥) is an odd function
4
= {25 − (25 − 𝑥 )} 1/4 119 (a)
⇒ 𝑓𝑜𝑓 (𝑥) = 𝑥 for all 𝑥 𝑎𝑅𝑏 ⇔ 𝑎 = 2𝑘 . 𝑏 for some integer.
1 1 Reflexive ∴ 𝑎𝑅𝑏 for 𝑘 = 0
∴ 𝑓𝑜𝑓 ( ) = Symmetric 𝑎𝑅𝑏 ⇔ 𝑎 = 2𝑘 𝑏
2 2
ALITER We have, ⇒ 𝑏 = 2−𝑘 𝑎 ⇔ 𝑏𝑅𝑎
1 Transitive 𝑎𝑅𝑏 ⇔ 𝑎 = 2𝑘1 𝑏
1 1 4 𝑏𝑅𝑐 ⇔ 𝑏 = 2𝑘2 𝑐
𝑓 (𝑓 ( )) = 𝑓 ((25 − ) )
2 16 ⇒ 𝑎 = 2𝑘1 . 2𝑘2 𝑐
1 1 ⇒ 𝑎 = 2𝑘1+𝑘2 𝑐 ⇔ 𝑎𝑅𝑐
1 399 4 399 4 1 ⇒ 𝑎𝑅𝑏, 𝑏𝑅𝑐 ⇒ 𝑎𝑅𝑐
⇒ 𝑓 (𝑓 ( )) = 𝑓 (( ) ) = (25 − ) =
2 16 16 2 ∴ 𝑅 is an equivalent relation.
120 (c)
111 (b) We have,
𝑓(𝑥) = sec (In (𝑥 + √1 + 𝑥 2 )) = sec(odd 1 1
𝑓(𝑥)𝑓 ( ) = 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑓 ( ) ⇒ 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 𝑛 + 1
function)=even function 𝑥 𝑥
∵ sec is an even function Now,
112 (b) 𝑓(10) = 1001 ⇒ 10𝑛 + 1 = 1001 ⇒ 𝑛 = 3
We have, 𝑓(𝑥) = sin(log 𝑥) ∴ 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 1 ⇒ 𝑓(20) = 203 + 1 = 8001
𝑥 121 (b)
∴ 𝑓(𝑥𝑦) + 𝑓 ( ) − 2𝑓(𝑥) cos(log 𝑦) We have,
𝑦
𝑥 sin4 𝑥 + cos 4 𝑥
= sin{log(𝑥𝑦)} + sin {log ( )} − 2 sin(log 𝑥) cos(log 𝑦) 𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑦 𝑥 + 𝑥 2 tan 𝑥
= sin(log 𝑥 + log 𝑦) + sin(log 𝑥 − log 𝑦) sin4 𝑥 + cos 4 𝑥 sin4 𝑥 + cos 4 𝑥
⇒ 𝑓(−𝑥) = = −
− 2 sin(log 𝑥) cos(log 𝑦) −𝑥 + 𝑥 2 tan(−𝑥) 𝑥 + 𝑥 2 tan 𝑥
= 2 sin(log 𝑥) cos(log 𝑦) − 2 sin(log 𝑥) cos(log 𝑦) = 0 = −𝑓(𝑥)

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So, 𝑓(𝑥) is an odd function Thus, the domain o cos −1 (
2−|𝑥|
) is 𝐷1 = [−6, 6]
4
Obviously, 𝑓(𝑥) is not a periodic function due to the 1
presence of 𝑥 in the denominator The domain of is the set of all real numbers
log10 (3−𝑥)
122 (b) for which 3 − 𝑥 > 0 and 3 − 𝑥 ≠ 1, i.e., 𝑥 > 3 and 𝑥 ≠ 2
Since, [𝑏(𝑥 + 1)2 + 𝑐(𝑥 + 1) + 𝑑] − [𝑏𝑥 2 + 𝑐𝑥 + 𝑑] − Hence, the domain of the given function is
8𝑥 + 3 {𝑥: −6 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 6} ∩ {𝑥 ∶ 𝑥 ≠ 2, 𝑥 < 3} = [−6, 2) ∪ (2, 3)
⇒ (2𝑏)𝑥 + (𝑏 + 𝑐) = 8𝑥 + 3 128 (b)
⇒ 2𝑏 = 8, 𝑏 + 𝑐 = 3 ⇒ 𝑏 = 4, 𝑐 = −1 We have,
123 (c) sin 𝑥 sin 𝑥
𝑓(𝑥) = 1 + = 1+ = 1 + tan 𝑥 sec 𝑥
Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑏𝑥 2 + 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑐 2
1 − sin 𝑥 cos 2 𝑥
′ (𝑥) 3 2
Since, 𝑓(0) = 0 ⇒ 𝑐 = 0 ∴𝑓 = sec 𝑥 + sec 𝑥 tan 𝑥 > 0 for all 𝑥 ∈
And 𝑓(1) = 0 ⇒ 𝑎 + 𝑏 = 1 (−𝜋/2, 𝜋/2)
∴ 𝑓(𝑥) == 𝑎𝑥 + (1 − 𝑎)𝑥 2 ⇒ 𝑓(𝑥) is an increasing function on (−𝜋/2, 𝜋/2)
Also, 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) > 0 for 𝑥 ∈ (0, 1) Now,
⇒ 𝑎 + 2(1 − 𝑎)𝑥 > 0 ⇒ 𝑎(1 − 2𝑥) + 2𝑥 > 0 sin 𝑥
2𝑥 lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim (1 + )=∞
𝑥→𝜋/2 𝑥→𝜋/2 1 − sin2 𝑥
⇒ 𝑎> ⇒ 0<𝑎<2 and,
2𝑥 − 1
Since, 𝑥 ∈ (0, 1) sin 𝑥
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim (1 + ) = −∞
∴ 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 + (1 − 𝑎)𝑥 2 ; 0 < 𝑎 < 2 𝑥→−𝜋/2 𝑥→−𝜋/2 1 − sin2 𝑥
124 (c) Hence, range (𝑓) = (𝑓(−𝜋/2), 𝑓(𝜋/2)) = (−∞, ∞) = 𝑅
1
Put, 𝑥 = 1, − in given function respectively, we get 129 (a)
2
1 If 𝐴 and 𝐵 are two sets having 𝑚 and 𝑛 elements
2𝑓(2) + 𝑓 ( ) = 2 … (i) respectively such that 1 ≤ 𝑛 ≤ 𝑚, then number of onto
2
1 mapping from 𝐴 to 𝐵
And 2𝑓 ( ) + 𝑓(2) = −1 … (ii) 𝑛
2
5
On solving Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get 𝑓(2) = = ∑(−1)𝑛−1 𝑛𝐶𝑟 𝑟 𝑚
3
125 (d) 𝑟=1
Here, 𝑚 = 100, 𝑛 = 2
Let ϕ(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑔(𝑥)
𝑥, 𝑥 ∈ 𝒬 ∴ The number of onto mappings from 𝐴 to 𝐵
={ 2
−𝑥, 𝑥 ∉ 𝒬
For one-one = ∑(−1)2−𝑟 2 𝐶𝑟 𝑟100
Take any straight line parallel to x-axis which will 𝑟=1
= (−1)2−1.2 𝐶1 × 1100 + (−1)2−2.2 𝐶2 . 2100
intersect ϕ(𝑥) only at one point.
= 2100 − 2
⇒ ϕ(𝑥) is one-one.
130 (c)
Foe onto
𝑥, 𝑥 ∈ 𝒬 Given, 𝑓{𝑓(𝑥)} = 𝑥 + 1 … (i)
As, ϕ(𝑥) = { , which shows ∴ 𝑓{𝑓(0)} = 𝑥 + 1
−𝑥, 𝑥 ∉ 𝒬
1 1
𝑦 = 𝑥 and 𝑦 = −𝑥 for irrational values ⇒ 𝑦 ∉ real ⇒ 𝑓( )= 1 [∵ 𝑓(0) = ]
2 2
numbers. 1
Now, put 𝑥 = in Eq. (i), we get
∴ Range=Codomain 2
1 1
⇒ ϕ(𝑥) is onto. 𝑓 {𝑓 ( )} = + 1
Thus, 𝑓 − 𝑔 is one-one and onto. 2 2
3
126 (b) ⇒ 𝑓(1) =
We have, 2
1 131 (c)
𝑦 = log 2 {− log1/2 (1 + 1/4 ) − 1} We have,
𝑥 sin 8𝑥 cos 𝑥 − sin 6𝑥 cos 3𝑥
Clearly, 𝑦 will take real values, if 𝑓(𝑥) =
1 cos 𝑥 cos 2𝑥 − sin 3𝑥 sin 4𝑥
− log1/2 (1 + 1/4 ) − 1 > 0 and 𝑥 > 0 (sin 9𝑥 + sin 7𝑥) − (sin 9𝑥 + sin 3𝑥)
𝑥 ⇒ 𝑓(𝑥) =
(cos 3𝑥 + cos 𝑥) − (cos 𝑥 − cos 7𝑥)
1
⇒ log 2 (1 + 1 ) − 1 > 0 and 𝑥 > 0 sin 7𝑥 − sin 3𝑥
⇒ 𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑥4 cos 3𝑥 + cos 7𝑥
1 2 sin 2𝑥 cos 5𝑥
⇒ 1 + 1/4 > 2 and 𝑥 > 0 ⇒ 𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑥 2 cos 5𝑥 cos 2𝑥
1 ⇒ 𝑓(𝑥) = tan 2𝑥
⇒ 1/4 > 1 and 𝑥 > 0 ⇒ 𝑥 ∈ (0, 1)
𝑥 Since tan 𝑥 is period with period 𝜋. Therefore, 𝑓(𝑥) =
127 (b) 𝜋
tan 2𝑥 is periodic with period
2−|𝑥| 2
We observe that cos −1 ( ) is defined, for 133 (b)
4
2 − |𝑥| Since 𝑓(𝑥) is an even function. So 𝑓′(𝑥) is an odd
−1 ≤ ≤1 function
4
⇔ −6 ≤ −|𝑥| ≤ 2 ⇔ −2 ≤ |𝑥| ≤ 6 ⇔ |𝑥| ≤ 6 134 (c)

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Since, 𝑓(𝑛) = 1 + 𝑛2 𝑓 ′ (𝑥)
=
For one-to-one, 1 + 𝑛12 = 1 + 𝑛22 𝑥
⇒ 𝑛12 − 𝑛22 = 0 143 (c)
𝑛
⇒ 𝑛1 = 𝑛2 (∵ 𝑛1 + 𝑛2 ≠ 0) , 𝑛 is even
∴ 𝑓(𝑛) is one-to-one. Given, 𝑓(𝑛) = { 2
0, 𝑛 is odd
But 𝑓(𝑛)is not onto as every element of codomain is Here, we see that for every odd values of 𝑧, it will give
not the image of any element of domains. zero. It means that it is a many one function.
Hence, 𝑓(𝑛) is one-to-one but not onto. For every even values of 𝑧, we will get a set of integers
136 (b) (−∞, ∞). So, it is onto. Hence, it is surjective but not
Given, 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑎 − 𝑥 𝑛 )1/𝑛 = 𝑔(𝑥) injective.
∴ 𝑓𝑜𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑓(𝑥)) 145 (c)
1 𝑛 1/𝑛 Let 𝑓 −1 (17) = 𝑥. Then,
= [𝑎 − {(𝑎 − 𝑥 𝑛 )𝑛 } ] = [𝑎 − (𝑎 − 𝑥 𝑛 )]1/𝑛 = 𝑥 𝑓(𝑥) = 17 ⇒ 𝑥 2 + 1 = 17 ⇒ 𝑥 ± 4
137 (b) Let 𝑓 −1 (−3) = 𝑥
Given, 𝑟 = {(𝑎, 𝑏)|𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ 𝑅 and 𝑎 − 𝑏 + √3 is an Then, 𝑓(𝑥) = −3 ⇒ 𝑥 2 + 1 = −3 ⇒ 𝑥 2 = −4 which is
irrational number} not possible for any real number 𝑥
(i) Reflexive 147 (a)
𝑎𝑟𝑎 = 𝑎 − 𝑎 + √3 = √3 which is irrational number. We have,
(ii) Symmetric |𝑥| 1, 0 < 𝑥 ≤ 4
𝑓(𝑥) = ={
Now, 2𝑟√3 = 2 − √3 + √3 = 2 𝑥 −1, −4 ≤ 𝑥 < 0
∴ Range (𝑓) = {−1, 1}
Which is not an irrational.
148 (b)
Also, √3𝑟2 = √3 − 2 + √3 = 2√3 − 2 which is an
We have,
irrational.
𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 3
2𝑟√3 ≠ √3𝑟2 𝑓(𝑥) = (9𝑥 + 0.5) log (0.5+𝑥) { 2 }
4𝑥 − 4𝑥 − 3
Which is not symmetric.
(iii) Transitive Clearly, 𝑓(𝑥) will assume real values, if
𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 3
Now, √3𝑟2 and 2𝑟4√5, 𝑖𝑒, 0.5 + 𝑥 > 0,0.5 + 𝑥 ≠ 1 and 2 >0
4𝑥 − 4𝑥 − 3
√3 − 2 + √3 + 2 − 4√5 + √3 Clearly, 𝑓(𝑥) will assume real values, if
= 2√3 − 4√5 + √3 ≠ √3𝑟4√5 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 3
∴ It is not transitive. 0.5 + 𝑥 > 0,0.5 + 𝑥 ≠ 1 and 2 >0
4𝑥 − 4𝑥 − 3
138 (a) 1 1 (𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 − 1)
Given, 𝑦 = 𝑥 − 3 ⇒ 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 3 ⇒ 𝑥 > − , 𝑥 ≠ and >0
2 2 (2𝑥 − 3)(2𝑥 + 1)
∴ 𝑅 = {(11, 8), (13, 10)} 1 1 1
⇒ 𝑅 −1 = {(8, 11), (10, 13)} ⇒ 𝑥 > − ,𝑥 ≠ ,𝑥 ≠
2 2 2
139 (d) and, 𝑥 ∈ (−∞, −3) ∪ (−1/2,1) ∪ (3/2, ∞)
Let 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 − 14 ⇒ 𝑦 = (𝑥 − 3)2 − 23 ⇒ 𝑥 ∈ (−1/2,1/2) ∪ (1/2,1) ∪ (3/2, ∞)
⇒ 𝑥 = ±√𝑦 + 23 + 3 149 (b)
⇒ 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) = ±√𝑥 + 23 + 3 ℎ𝑜(𝑓𝑜𝑔)(𝑥) = ℎ𝑜𝑓{𝑔(𝑥)}
∴ 𝑓 −1 (2) = ±√25 + 3 = −2, 8 = ℎ𝑜𝑓{√(𝑥 2 + 1)}
2
It means we do not define a inverse function = ℎ{(√𝑥 2 + 1) − 1}
∴ 𝑓 −1 (2) = ϕ
140 (c) = ℎ{𝑥 2 + 1 − 1}
= ℎ{𝑥 2 } = 𝑥 2
3 2𝑥+1
Clearly, 𝑓(𝑥) = √ is defined for all 𝑥 except 150 (b)
𝑥 2 −10𝑥−11
Number of reflexive relations of a set of 4 elements=
𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 − 11 = 0 i. e. 𝑥 = 11, −1 2
∴ Domain (𝑓) = 𝑅 − {−1,11} 24 −4
141 (d) =
3𝑥 2𝜋 4𝜋 212
Period of sin ( ) = =
2 3/2 3 151 (d)
2𝑥 2𝜋
And period of sin ( ) = = 3𝜋 Clearly, g(𝑥) is the inverse of 𝑓(𝑥) and is given by
3 2/3 1/2
2𝑥 3𝑥 LCM (3𝜋,4𝜋) 𝑥 1/3 − 𝑏
∴ Period of sin ( ) + sin ( ) = g(𝑥) = ( )
3 2 HCF (1,3) 𝑎
= 12𝜋 153 (d)
142 (d) 𝜋
2 We have, 𝑓(𝑥) = tan ([𝑥+2])
Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑒 𝑥 /2
2
∴ 𝑓(−𝑥) = 𝑒 (−𝑥) = 𝑒 𝑥 2/2 Clearly, 𝑓(𝑥) is defined, if
𝑓 ′(𝑥) 1 𝑥 2 /2 2𝑥 𝑥 2 /2
[𝑥 + 2] ≠ 0 and [𝑥 + 2] ≠ 2
And = (𝑒 . )=𝑒 ⇒ 𝑥 + 2 ∉ [0, 1) and 𝑥 + 2 ∈ [2, 3)
𝑥 𝑥 2
⇒ 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(−𝑥) ⇒ 𝑥 ∈ (−2, −1) and 𝑥 ∉ [0, 1)

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⇒ 𝑥 ∈ (−∞, −2) ∪ [−1, 0) ∪ [1, ∞) 164 (a)
Hence, domain of 𝑓 = (−∞, −2) ∪ [−1, 0) ∪ [1, ∞) We have,
154 (b) 10𝑥 − 10−𝑥
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 +1
Since, 𝐴 = {𝑥: −1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1} 10 + 10−𝑥
And 𝐵 = {𝑦: 1 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 2} ∴ 𝑓𝑜𝑓 −1 (𝑥) = 𝑥
Also, 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) = 1 + 𝑥 2 ⇒ 𝑓(𝑓 −1 (𝑥)) = 𝑥
For 𝑥 = −1, 𝑦 = 1 + (−1)2 = 2 ⇒ 𝑓(𝑦) = 𝑥, where 𝑦 = 𝑓 −1 (𝑥)
And for 𝑥 = 1, 𝑦 = 1 + 12 = 2 10𝑦 − 10−𝑦
∴ 𝑓 is not injective. (one-one) ⇒ 𝑦 +1 =𝑥
10 + 10−𝑦
Here, ∀𝐵 their is a preimage. 102𝑦 − 1
Hence, 𝑓 is surjective. ⇒ 2𝑦 +1=𝑥
10 + 1
155 (d) 102𝑦 − 1 2 × 102𝑦 𝑥
We have, ⇒ 2𝑦 =𝑥−1 ⇒ = ⇒ 102𝑦
10 + 1 −2 𝑥−2
𝑓(𝑥) = [𝑥] = 𝑘 for 𝑘 ≤ 𝑥 < 𝑘 + 1, where 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍 𝑥
=
So, 𝑓 is many-one into 2−𝑥
157 (c) 𝑥 1 𝑥
⇒ 2𝑦 = log10 ( ) ⇒ 𝑦 = log10 ( )
1 1 1 2 2−𝑥 2 2−𝑥
𝑓 (𝑥 + ) = 𝑥 2 + 2 = (𝑥 + ) − 2 1 𝑥
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 ⇒ 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) = log10 ( )
∴ 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 2 2 2−𝑥
158 (c) 165 (b)
The relation 𝑅 = {(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3)} on the set We have,
{1, 2, 3} is an equivalent relation. 𝑓𝑜𝑔 (𝑥) = √|3tan 𝜋 𝑥 − 31−tan tan 𝜋 | − 2
159 (c) For 𝑓𝑜𝑔 (𝑥) to be defined, we must have
We have, |3tan 𝜋 𝑥 − 31−tan 𝜋 𝑥 | − 2 ≥ 0
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏, 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑐 𝑥 + 𝑑 3
⇒ |3tan 𝜋 𝑥 − tan 𝜋 𝑥 | ≥ 2
∴ 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)) = 𝑔(𝑓(𝑥)) for all 𝑥 3
3
⇔ 𝑓(𝑐 𝑥 + 𝑑) = 𝑔(𝑎 𝑥 + 𝑏) for all 𝑥 ⇒ |𝑡 − | ≥ 2, where 𝑡 = 3tan 𝜋 𝑥 > 0
⇔ 𝑎(𝑐 𝑥 + 𝑑) + 𝑏 = 𝑐(𝑎 𝑥 + 𝑏) + 𝑑 for all 𝑥 𝑡
3 3
⇔ 𝑎𝑑 + 𝑏 = 𝑐 𝑏 + 𝑑 [Putting 𝑥 = 0 on both sides] ⇒ 𝑡 − ≥ 2 or 𝑡 − ≤ −2
⇔ 𝑓(𝑑) = 𝑔(𝑏) 𝑡 𝑡
⇒ 𝑡 2 − 2𝑡 − 3 ≥ 0 or 𝑡 2 + 2𝑡 − 3 ≤ 0
160 (b)
⇒ (𝑡 − 3)(𝑡 + 1) ≥ 0 or (𝑡 + 3)(𝑡 − 1) ≤ 0
Let 𝑥 be any real number. Then, there exists an integer ⇒ 𝑡 ≥ 3 or 0 < 𝑡 ≤ 1 [∵ 𝑡 > 0]
𝑘 such that 𝑘 ≤ 𝑥 < 𝑘 + 1 ⇒ 3tan 𝜋 𝑥 ≥ 3 or, 3tan 𝜋 𝑥 ≤ 1
1
If 𝑘 ≤ 𝑥 < 𝑘 + , then ⇒ tan 𝜋 𝑥 ≥ 1 or, tan 𝜋 𝑥 ≤ 0
2
⇒ 2𝑘 ≤ 2𝑥 < 2𝑘 + 1 ⇒ [2𝑥] = 2𝑘 and [𝑥] = 𝑘 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
⇒ 𝑛 𝜋 + ≤ 𝜋 𝑥 < 𝑛𝜋 + or 𝑛 𝜋 − < 𝜋 𝑥 < 𝜋 𝑥
∴ 𝑓(𝑥) = [2𝑥] − 2[𝑥] = 2𝑘 − 2𝑘 = 0 4 2 2
1 < 𝑛 𝜋, 𝑛 ∈ 𝑍
If 𝑘 + ≤ 𝑥 < 𝑘 + 1, then 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
2 ⇒ 𝑛 𝜋 + ≤ 𝜋 𝑥 < 𝑛 𝜋 + or, 𝑛 𝜋 + ≤ 𝜋 𝑥
2𝑘 + 1 ≤ 2𝑥 < 2𝑘 + 2 4 2 2
< (𝑛 + 1) 𝜋, 𝑛 ∈ 𝑍
⇒ [2𝑥] = 2𝑘 + 1 and [𝑥] = 𝑘
1 1 1
∴ 𝑓(𝑥) = [2𝑥] − 2[𝑥] = 2𝑘 + 1 − 2𝑘 = 1 ⇒ 𝑥 ∈ (𝑛 + , 𝑛 + ) ∪ (𝑛 + , 𝑛 + 1)
Hence, Range (𝑓) = {𝑓(𝑥) ∶ 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅} = {0, 1} 4 2 2
166 (c)
161 (b)
Let 𝑓 −1 (5) = 𝑥. Then,
𝑓(𝑥) is defined, if
𝑓(𝑥) = 5 ⇒ 3𝑥 − 4 = 5 ⇒ 𝑥 = 3 ⇒ 𝑓 −1 (5) = 3
log10 (1 + 𝑥 3 ) > 0 ⇒ 1 + 𝑥 3 > 100 ⇒ 𝑥 3 > 0 ⇒ 𝑥 > 0
∴ 𝑔−1 (𝑓 −1 (5)) = 𝑔−1 (3)
⇒ 𝑥 ∈ (0, ∞) 1
Hence, domain of 𝑓 = (0, ∞) Let 𝑔−1 (3) = 𝑦. Then, 𝑔(𝑦) = 3 ⇒ 3𝑦 + 2 = 3 ⇒ 𝑦 =
3
162 (d) −1 −1 (5))
1
∴ 𝑔 (𝑓 =
Since, (3, 3), (6, 6), (9, 9), (12, 12) ∈ 𝑅 ⇒ 𝑅 is reflexive. 3
Now, (6, 12) ∈ 𝑅 but (12, 6) ∉ 𝑅 ⇒ 𝑅 is not symmetric. 167 (d)
Also, (3, 6), (6, 12) ∈ 𝑅 ⇒ (3, 12) ∈ 𝑅 We have,
⇒ 𝑅 is transitive. 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑒 𝑥 and 𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑒 −𝑥
163 (a) 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑒 −𝑥
⇒ 𝑓(𝑥) = and 𝑔(𝑥) =
We have, 2 2
𝑓(𝑥 + 2) − 2𝑓(𝑥 + 1) + 𝑓(𝑥) Clearly, 𝑓(−𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) and 𝑔(−𝑥) = −𝑔(𝑥) for all 𝑥 ∈
= 𝑎 𝑥+2 − 2 𝑎 𝑥+1 + 𝑎 𝑥 = 𝑎 𝑥 (𝑎2 − 2 𝑎 + 1) 𝑅
= 𝑎 𝑥 (𝑎 − 1)2 = (𝑎 − 1)2 𝑓(𝑥) Hence, 𝑓(𝑥) is an even function and 𝑔(𝑥) is an odd
So, option (a) holds function
It can be easily checked that all other options are not 168 (c)
1 𝜋𝑥
true Given, 𝑓(𝑥) = − tan ( ) , −1 < 𝑥 < 1
2 2

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Given, domain of 𝑓(𝑥) is 𝑑1 = (−1, 1) 174 (c)
For domain of 𝑔(𝑥), 3 + 4𝑥 − 4𝑥 2 ≥ 0 𝑥2
If 𝑓(𝑥) = sin 𝑥 + [ ] is an odd function, then
⇒ (2𝑥 − 3)(2𝑥 + 1) ≤ 0 𝑎
1 3 𝑓(−𝑥) = −𝑓(𝑥) for all 𝑥 ∈ [−2, 2]
∴ Domain of 𝑔(𝑥) is 𝑑2 = [− , ] 𝑥2 𝑥2
2 2
1 ⇒ − sin 𝑥 + [ ] = − sin 𝑥 − [ ] for all 𝑥 ∈ [−2, 2]
Hence, domain of (𝑓 + 𝑔) = 𝑑1 ∩ 𝑑2 = [− , 1] 𝑎 𝑎
2
169 (b) 𝑥2
⇒ [ ] = 0 for all 𝑥 ∈ [−2, 2]
Given, 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 6 + 3𝑥 4 + 4𝑥 2 𝑎
Now, 𝑓(−𝑥) = 2(−𝑥)6 + 3(−𝑥)4 + 4(−𝑥)2 𝑥2
= 2𝑥 6 + 3𝑥 4 + 4𝑥 2 = 𝑓(𝑥) ∴ 𝑓(−𝑥) ⇒0≤ < 1 for all 𝑥 ∈ [−2, 2]
𝑎
= 𝑓(𝑥) ⇒ 𝑎 > 0 and 𝑎 > 𝑥 2 for all 𝑥 ∈ [−2, 2]
⇒ 𝑓(𝑥) is an even function. ⇒ 𝑎 > 0 and 𝑎 > 4 ⇒ 𝑎 ∈ (4, ∞)
⇒ 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) is an odd function. 175 (b)
170 (b) (i) 𝑎𝑅𝑎, then GCD of 𝑎 and 𝑎 is 𝑎.
1 − |𝑥| ∴ 𝑅 is not reflexive.
𝑓(𝑥) = √cos −1 ( ) (ii) 𝑎𝑅𝑏 ⇒ 𝑏𝑅𝑎
2
If GCD of 𝑎 and 𝑏 is 2, then GCD of 𝑏 and 𝑎 is 2.
1 − |𝑥| ∴ 𝑅 is symmetric.
−1 ≤ ≤ 1 ⇒ −2 − 1 ≤ −|𝑥| ≤ 2 − 1
2 (iii) 𝑎𝑅𝑎, 𝑏𝑅𝑐 ⇏ 𝑐𝑅𝑎
⇒ −3 ≤ −|𝑥| ≤ 1 ⇒ −1 ≤ |𝑥| ≤ 3 ⇒ 𝑥 ∈ [−3, 3] If GCD of 𝑎 and 𝑏 is 2 and GCD of 𝑏 and 𝑐 is 2, then it is
171 (d) need not to be GCD of 𝑐 and 𝑎 is 2.
∴ 𝑅 is not transitive.
176 (b)
We have,
𝑓(𝑥 + 𝜆) = 1 + [1 + {1 − 𝑓(𝑥)}5 ]1/5
⇒ 𝑓(𝑥 + 𝜆) − 1 = [1 + {1 − 𝑓(𝑥)}5 ]1/5
⇒ 𝑔(𝑥 + 𝜆) = [1 − {𝑔(𝑥)}5 ]1/5 , where 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) − 1
⇒ 𝑔(𝑥 + 2 𝜆) = [1 − {𝑔(𝑥 + 𝜆)}5 ]1/5
⇒ 𝑔(𝑥 + 2 𝜆) = [1 − [1 − {𝑔(𝑥)}5 ]1/5
⇒ 𝑔(𝑥 + 2 𝜆) = 𝑔(𝑥)
⇒ 𝑓(𝑥 + 2 𝜆) − 1 = 𝑓(𝑥) − 1 for all 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅
⇒ 𝑓(𝑥 + 2 𝜆) = 𝑓(𝑥) for all 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅
Hence, 𝑓(𝑥) is periodic with period 2 𝜆
177 (b)
We observe that 𝑓(𝑥) is defined for
1
log ( )≥0
|sin 𝑥|
1
⇒ ≥ 1 and | sin 𝑥 | ≠ 0
| sin 𝑥 |
In the given options (a), (b), (c), (e) the curves are 1
decreasing and increasing in the given intervals, so it is ⇒ |sin 𝑥| ≠ 0 [∵ ≥ 1 for all 𝑥]
|sin 𝑥|
not one-to-one function. But in option (d), the curve is ⇒ 𝑥 ≠ 𝑛 𝜋, 𝑛 ∈ 𝑍
only increasing in the given intervals, so it is one-to- Hence, domain of 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑅 − {𝑛 𝜋 ∶ 𝑛 ∈ 𝑍}
one function. 178 (c)
172 (b) 𝑥+𝑦
We have, 𝑥+𝑦 1+
1 + 𝑥𝑦
1+𝑥 3𝑥 + 𝑥 3 𝑓( ) = log ( 𝑥+𝑦 )
𝑓(𝑥) = log ( ) and 𝑔(𝑥) = 1 + 𝑥𝑦 1−
1−𝑥 1 + 3 𝑥2 1 + 𝑥𝑦
3 𝑥 + 𝑥3 1 + 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑥 + 𝑦
∴ 𝑓𝑜𝑔 (𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)) = 𝑓 ( ) = log ( )
1 + 3 𝑥2 1 + 𝑥𝑦 − 𝑥 − 𝑦
3 𝑥 + 𝑥3 (1 + 𝑥)(1 + 𝑦)
1+ 3 = log ( )
⇒ 𝑓𝑜𝑔 (𝑥) = log ( 1 + 3 𝑥 2 ) = log (1 + 𝑥) (1 − 𝑥)(1 − 𝑦)
3 𝑥 + 𝑥3 (1 − 𝑥)3 1+𝑥 1+𝑦
1− = log ( ) + log ( )
1 + 3 𝑥2
1−𝑥 1−𝑦
1+𝑥 2 1+𝑥
⇒ 𝑓𝑜𝑔 (𝑥) = log ( ) = 3 log ( ) = 3𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑓(𝑦)
1−𝑥 1−𝑥 179 (a)
173 (d) It is given that 𝑓(𝑥) is defined on [0, 1]. Therefore,
𝑥−1
For 𝑓(𝑥) to be defined ≥0 𝑓(tan 𝑥) exists, if
𝑥
⇒ 𝑥 ≥ 1 and 𝑥 < 0 0 ≤ tan 𝑥 ≤ 1
∴ Required interval is (−∞, 0) ∪ [1, ∞).

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𝜋 𝜋 Clearly, 𝑓(𝑥) is defined if
⇒ 𝑛𝜋 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 𝑛𝜋 + , 𝑛 ∈ 𝑍 ⇒ 𝑥 ∈ [𝑛 𝜋, 𝑛𝜋 + ] , 𝑛 ∈ 𝑍
4 4 1 − log10 (𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 16) > 0 and 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 16 > 0
180 (d) ⇒ log10 (𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 16) < 1 [∵ 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 16
Given, 𝐹(0) = 2, 𝐹(1) = 3, > 0 for all 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅]
Since, 𝐹(𝑛 + 2) = 2𝐹(𝑛) − 𝐹(𝑛 + 1) ⇒ 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 16 < 10
At 𝑛 = 0, 𝐹(0 + 2) = 2𝐹(0) − 𝐹(1) ⇒ 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 6 < 0 ⇒ (𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 − 3) < 0 ⇒ 𝑥 ∈ (2, 3)
⇒ 𝐹(2) = 2(2) − 3 = 1 190 (b)
At 𝑛 = 1, 𝐹(1 + 2) = 2𝐹(1) − 𝐹(2) 𝑓(𝑥) = sin4 𝑥 + cos 4 𝑥
⇒ 𝐹(3) = 2(3) − 1 = 5 = (sin2 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥) 2 − 2 sin2 𝑥 cos 2 𝑥
At 𝑛 = 2, 𝐹(2 + 2) = 2𝐹(2) − 𝐹(3) ⇒ 𝐹(4) = 2(1) − 1
5 = −3 = 1 − (sin 2𝑥)2
2
At 𝑛 = 3, 𝐹(3 + 2) = 2𝐹(3) − 𝐹(4) = 2(5) − (−3) 3 1
⇒ 𝐹(5) = 13 = + cos 4𝑥
4 4
181 (b) 2𝜋 𝜋
∴ The period of 𝑓(𝑥) = =
4 2
We observe that √sin−1 (log 2 𝑥) exists for 191 (b)
sin−1 (log 2 𝑥) ≥ 0 i.e. for 0 ≤ log 2 𝑥 ≤ 1 ⇒ 20 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ ∵ 𝑔(𝑓(𝑥)) = (sin 𝑥 + cos 𝑥)2 − 1, is invertible (𝑖𝑒,
2⇒1≤𝑥≤2
bijective)
182 (d)
⇒ 𝑔(𝑓(𝑥)) = sin 2𝑥, is bijective
We have, 𝜋 𝜋
1, 𝑥 ∈ 𝑄 We know sin 𝑥 is bijective only when 𝑥 ∈ [− , ]
𝑓(𝑥) = { 2 2
0, 𝑥 ∉ 𝑄 𝜋
Thus, 𝑔(𝑓(𝑥)) is bijective if, − ≤ 2𝑥 ≤
𝜋
We observe that for every rational number 𝑇 𝜋 𝜋
2 2
1, 𝑥 ∈ 𝑄 ⇒ − ≤𝑥≤
𝑓(𝑥 + 𝑇) = { 4 4
0, 𝑥 ∉ 𝑄 192 (a)
But, there is no least position rational number
𝜋
Hence, 𝑓(𝑥) is periodic with indeterminate period Here, 𝑓(𝑥) = √sin−1 (2𝑥) + , to find domain we must
6
184 (b)
have,
We have, 𝜋
sin−1 (2𝑥) + ≥ 0
1 + cos 2 𝑥 6
𝑓(𝑥) = |cos 𝑥| = √ 𝜋 𝜋
2 (but − ≤ sin−1 θ ≤ )
2 2
Since cos 𝑥 is periodic with period 2 𝜋. Therefore, 𝑓(𝑥) 𝜋 𝜋
∴ − ≤ sin−1 (2𝑥) ≤
is periodic with period (2 𝜋/2) = 𝜋 6 2
𝜋 𝜋
185 (d) ⇒ sin (− ) ≤ 2𝑥 ≤ sin ( )
We have, 6 2
1 1 1
g𝑜𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑛 g (𝑥) ⇒ − ≤ 2𝑥 ≤ 1 ⇒ 𝑥 ∈ [− , ]
2 4 2
⇒ g(𝑓(𝑥)) = 𝑛 g (𝑥) ⇒ g(𝑥 𝑛 ) = 𝑛 g (𝑥) …(i) 193 (d)
Also, log 𝑥 𝑛 = 𝑛 log |𝑥| …(ii) 2𝑥
2𝑥 1+ 2
From (i) and (ii), we get g(𝑥) = log |𝑥|
𝑓( ) = log [ 1 + 𝑥 2 ] = log (1 + 𝑥 )
187 (b) 1 + 𝑥2 2𝑥 1−𝑥
1−
Let 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) = 2 𝑥(𝑥−1) 1 + 𝑥2
2𝑥
⇒ log 2 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 ⇒ 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − log 2 𝑦 = 0 ∴ 𝑓( ) = 2𝑓(𝑥)
1 ± √1 + 4 log 2 𝑦 1 + √1 + 4 log 2 𝑦 1 + 𝑥2
⇒ 𝑥= = 194 (c)
2 2 We have, 𝑓(𝑥) = log 𝑒 |log 𝑒 𝑥|
1 − √1 + 4(𝑥 2 − 𝑥) 1 − (2𝑥 − 1) Clearly, 𝑓(𝑥) is defined for all 𝑥 satisfying
[∵ 𝑥 = 2
=
2 ] |log 𝑒 𝑥| > 0 ⇒ 𝑥 ∈ (0, ∞) and 𝑥 ≠ 1 ⇒ 𝑥 ∈ (0, 1) ∪
< 0 domain is not defined (1, ∞)
188 (c) 196 (c)
Given that, 𝑓(𝑥) = |𝑥| and 𝑔(𝑥) = [𝑥 − 3] For 𝑓(𝑥) to be defined,
𝑥
>0
8 8 8 1−|𝑥|
For − < 𝑥 < , 0 ≤ 𝑓(𝑥) <
3 5 5 𝑖𝑒, 𝑥 > 0, 1 − |𝑥| > 0 or 𝑥 < 0, 1 − |𝑥| < 0
Now, for 0 ≤ 𝑓(𝑥) < 1, ⇒ 𝑥 ∈ (0, 1) or 𝑥 ∈ (−∞, −1)
𝑔(𝑓(𝑥)) = [𝑓(𝑥) − 3] = −3 ∴ 𝑥 ∈ (−∞, −1) ∪ (0, 1)
[∵ −3 ≤ 𝑓(𝑥) − 3 < −2] 197 (a)
Again, for 1 ≤ 𝑓(𝑥) < 16 Given,
𝑔(𝑓(𝑥)) = −2 [𝑥] if − 3 < 𝑥 ≤ −1
[∵ −2 ≤ 𝑓(𝑥) − 3 < −14] 𝑓(𝑥) = { |𝑥| if − 1 < 𝑥 < 1
Hence, required set is {−3, −2}. |[𝑥]| if 1 ≤ 𝑥 < 3
189 (b) When −3 < 𝑥 ≤ −1, 𝑓(𝑥) = [𝑥] ⇒ 𝑓(𝑥) < 0
We have, When −1 < 𝑥 < 1, 𝑓(𝑥) = |𝑥| ⇒ 𝑓(𝑥) > 0
𝑓(𝑥) = log10 {1 − log10 (𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 16)}

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When 1 ≤ 𝑥 < 3, 𝑓(𝑥) = |[𝑥]| ⇒ 𝑓(𝑥) > 0 ∴ 𝑓(𝑥) = sin4 3𝑥 + cos 4 3𝑥 is periodic with period
∴ The set (𝑥 ∶ 𝑓(𝑥) ≥ 0) = (−1, 3). 1 𝜋
( )=
𝜋
3 2 6
198 (a)
𝑥 205 (b)
(𝑓𝑜𝑓)𝑥 = 𝑓 ( ) We have,
𝑥−1
𝑥 1+𝑥 3𝑥 + 𝑥 3
𝑥−1 𝑓(𝑥) = log ( ) and 𝑔(𝑥) =
= 𝑥 =𝑥 1−𝑥 1 + 3 𝑥2
(
𝑥−1
)−1 ∴ 𝑓𝑜𝑔 (𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥))
𝑥 3 𝑥 + 𝑥3
⇒ (𝑓𝑜𝑓𝑜𝑓)𝑥 = 𝑓(𝑓𝑜𝑓)𝑥 = 𝑓(𝑥) = ⇒ 𝑓𝑜𝑔 (𝑥) = 𝑓 ( )
𝑥−1 1 + 3 𝑥2
𝑥
∴ (𝑓𝑜𝑓𝑜𝑓 … 19 times)(𝑥) = 3 𝑥 + 𝑥3
𝑥−1 1+
199 (a) = log ( 1 + 3 𝑥2)
3 𝑥 + 𝑥3
For the given function to be defined, we must have 1−
1 + 3 𝑥2
𝑥 − 4 ≥ 0 and 6 − 𝑥 ≥ 0 (1 + 𝑥)3
⇒ 𝑥 ≥ 4 and 𝑥 ≤ 6 ⇒ 𝑥 ∈ [4, 6] = log { }
∴ The domain of 𝑓(𝑥) is [4, 6] (1 − 𝑥)3
200 (c) 1+𝑥 3 1+𝑥
⇒ 𝑓𝑜𝑔 (𝑥) = log ( ) = 3 log ( ) = 3𝑓(𝑥)
We have, 1−𝑥 1−𝑥
𝑓(𝑛) = Sum of positive divisors of 𝑛 206 (b)
∴ 𝑓(2𝑘 × 3) = Sum of positive divisors of 2𝑘 × 3 For choice (a), we have
𝑘 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑦); 𝑥, 𝑦 ∈ [−1, ∞)
⇒ 𝑓(2 × 3) = ∑(2𝑟 × 3)
𝑘 ⇒ |𝑥 + 1| = |𝑦 + 1| ⇒ 𝑥 + 1 = 𝑦 + 1 ⇒ 𝑥 = 𝑦
𝑟=0 So, 𝑓 is an injection
⇒ 𝑓(2𝑘 × 3) = 3 + 2 × 3 + 22 × 3 + ⋯ + 2𝑘 × 3 For choice (b), we obtain
2𝑘+1 − 1 5 1 5
⇒ 𝑓(2𝑘 × 3) = 3 ( ) = 3(2𝑘+1 − 1) 𝑔(2) = and 𝑔 ( ) =
2−1 2 2 2
So, 𝑔(𝑥) is not injective
201 (a)
It can be easily seen that the functions in choices in
We have,
options (c) and (d) are injective maps
𝑥2, 0≤𝑥≤1
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥|𝑥| = { 2 207 (b)
−𝑥 , −1 ≤ 𝑥 < 0
Given, 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 − [𝑥], 𝑔(𝑥) = [𝑥] for 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅.
The graph of 𝑓(𝑥) is as shown below. Clearly, it is a
bijection ∴ 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)) = 𝑓([𝑥])
= [𝑥] − [𝑥]
=0
208 (a)
We have,
log 0.3 |𝑥 − 2|
𝑓(𝑥) = √
|𝑥|
We observe that 𝑓(𝑥) assumes real values, if
log 0.3 |𝑥 − 2|
≥ 0 and |𝑥 − 2| > 0
|𝑥|
202 (b) ⇒ log 0.3 |𝑥 − 2| ≥ 0 and 𝑥 ≠ 0, 2
Foe domain of given function ⇒ |𝑥 − 2| ≤ 1 and 𝑥 ≠ 0, 2
𝑥2 ⇒ 𝑥 ∈ [1, 3] and 𝑥 ≠ 2 ⇒ 𝑥 ∈ [1, 2) ∪ (2, 3]
−1 ≤ log 2 ≤1 209 (d)
2
𝑥 2 Since g(𝑥) = 3 sin 𝑥 is a many-one function. Therefore,
⇒ 2−1 ≤ ≤ 2 ⇒ 1 ≤ 𝑥2 ≤ 4 𝑓(𝑥) − 3 sin 𝑥 is many-one
2
⇒ |𝑥| ≤ 2 and |𝑥| ≥ 1 Also,−1 ≤ sin 𝑥 ≤ 1
⇒ 𝑥 ∈ [−2, 2] − (−1, 1) ⇒ −3 ≤ −3 sin 𝑥 + 3
203 (c) ⇒ 2 ≤ 5 − 3 sin 𝑥 ≤ 8
Given, 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏, 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑐𝑥 + 𝑑 ⇒ 2 ≤ 𝑓(𝑥) ≤ 8 ⇒ Range of 𝑓(𝑥) = [2, 8] ≠ 𝑅
∵ 𝑓{𝑔(𝑥)} = 𝑔{𝑓(𝑥)} So, 𝑓(𝑥) is not onto
⇒ 𝑓(𝑐𝑥 + 𝑑) = 𝑔(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏) Hence, 𝑓(𝑥) is neither one-one nor onto
⇒ 𝑎(𝑐𝑥 + 𝑑) + 𝑏 = 𝑐(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏) + 𝑑 210 (a)
⇒ 𝑎𝑑 + 𝑏 = 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑑 We have,
⇒ 𝑓(𝑑) = 𝑔(𝑏) 𝑓(𝑥 + 2𝑦, 𝑥 − 2𝑦) = 𝑥𝑦 ….(i)
204 (c) Let 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 𝑢 and 𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 𝜐. Then,
Since ϕ(𝑥) = sin4 𝑥 + cos 4 𝑥 is periodic with period 𝑢+𝜐 𝑢−𝜐
𝑥= and 𝑦 =
𝜋/2 2 4

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Substituting the values of 𝑥 and 𝑦 in (i), we obtain 1
= 𝑦 and 𝑦 > 0
𝑢2 − 𝜐2 𝑥 2 − 𝑦2 2 − cos 3 𝑥
𝑓(𝑢, 𝜐) = and 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 1
2 8 ⇒ 2 − cos 3 𝑥 =
211 (c) 𝑦
Given, 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑦 = (1 − 𝑥)1/3 2𝑦−1 1 2𝑦−1
⇒ cos 3 𝑥 = ⇒ 𝑥 = cos −1 ( )
⇒ 𝑦3 = 1 − 𝑥 𝑦 3 𝑦
⇒ 𝑥 = 1 − 𝑦3 Now,
−1 (𝑥)
∴ 𝑓 = 1 − 𝑥3 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅, if
212 (a) 2𝑦−1
−1 ≤ ≤1
We have, 𝑓(𝑥 + 2𝑦, 𝑥 − 2𝑦) = 𝑥𝑦 𝑦
...(i) 1
⇒ −1 ≤ 2 − ≤ 1
Let 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 𝑢 and 𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 𝑣 𝑦
𝑢+𝑣 𝑢−𝑣
Then, 𝑥= and 𝑦 = 1
2 4 ⇒ −3 ≤ − ≤ −1
Subtracting the values of 𝑥 and 𝑦 in Eq. (i), we obtain 𝑦
𝑢2 − 𝑣 2 𝑥 2 − 𝑦2 1 1
𝑓(𝑢, 𝑣) = ⇒ 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = ⇒ 3 ≥ ≥ 1 ⇒ ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 1 ⇒ 𝑦 ∈ [1/3, 1]
8 8 𝑦 3
213 (d) 219 (c)
Given, 𝑓(𝑥) = 5𝑥(𝑥−4) for 𝑓: [4, ∞[→ [4, ∞[ Given, 𝐴 = {2, 3, 4, 5, … . ,16, 17, 18}
At 𝑥 = 4 And (𝑎, 𝑏) = (𝑐, 𝑑)
𝑓(𝑥) = 54(4−4) = 1 ∴ Equivalence class of (3, 2) is
Which is not lie in the interval [4, ∞[ {(𝑎, 𝑏) ∈ 𝐴 × 𝐴: (𝑎, 𝑏)𝑅 (3, 2)}
∴ Function is not bijective. = {(𝑎, 𝑏) ∈ 𝐴 × 𝐴: 2𝑎 = 3𝑏}
Hence, 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) is not defined. 2
= {(𝑎, 𝑏) ∈ 𝐴 × 𝐴: 𝑏 = 𝑎}
214 (b) 3
2
Given, 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 − 2 {(𝑎, 𝑎) : 𝑎 ∈ 𝐴 × 𝐴}
On differentiating w.r.t. 𝑥, we get 3
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 3𝑥 2 + 3 = {(3, 2), (6, 4), (9, 6), (12, 8), (15, 10), (18, 12)}
Put 𝑓 ′ (𝑥)
= 0 ⇒ 3𝑥 2 + 3 = 0 ∴ Number of ordered pairs of the equivalence class=6.
⇒ 𝑥 2 = −1 220 (c)
∴ 𝑓(𝑥) is either increasing or decreasing. Given function is 𝑓(𝑛) = 8−𝑛 𝑃𝑛−4 , 4 ≤ 𝑛 ≤ 6. It is
At 𝑥 = 2, 𝑓(2) = 23 + 3(2) − 2 = 12 defined, if
At 𝑥 = 3, 𝑓(3) = 33 + 3(3) − 2 = 34 1. 8 − 𝑛 > 0 ⇒ 𝑛 < 8 … (i)
∴ 𝑓(𝑥) ∈ [12, 34] 2. 𝑛 − 4 ≥ 0 ⇒ 𝑛 ≥ 4 … (ii)
215 (b) 3. 𝑛 − 4 ≤ 8 − 𝑛 ⇒ 𝑛 ≤ 6 … (iii)
We have, From Eqs. (i), (ii) and (iii), we get 𝑛 = 4, 5, 6
1 − cos 2 𝜃 Hence, range of 𝑓(𝑛) = { 4 𝑃0 , 3 𝑃1 , 2 𝑃2 } = {1, 3, 2}
𝑓(𝜃) = sin2 𝜃 = 221 (c)
2
2𝜋 Clearly, 𝑋 = 𝑅+ and 𝑌 = 𝑅
∴ 𝑓(𝜃) is periodic with period = 𝜋
2 222 (b)
216 (c) 1 1
2𝜋 Given, 𝑓(𝑥). 𝑓 ( ) = 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑓 ( )
Since, period of cos 𝑛𝑥 = 2 𝑥
𝑥
𝑛 Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 𝑛 ± 1, where 𝑛 ∈ 𝐼.
And period of sin ( ) = 2𝑛𝜋 Now, 𝑓(4) = 65
𝑛
cos 𝑛𝑥 Case I
∴ Period of 𝑥 is 2𝑛𝜋
sin( )
𝑛 Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 𝑛 + 1
⇒ 2𝑛𝜋 = 4𝜋 ⇒ 𝑛 = 2 ⇒ 𝑓(4) = 4𝑛 + 1
217 (c) ⇒ 65 = 4𝑛 + 1
Given, 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 5𝑥 + 1 ⇒ 𝑛=3
Now, 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 3𝑥 2 + 5 > 0, ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝑅 Case II
∴ 𝑓(𝑥) is strictly increasing function. Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 𝑛 − 1
∴ 𝑓(𝑥) is one-one function. ⇒ 𝑓(4) = 4𝑛 − 1 ⇒ 65 = 4𝑛 − 1
Clearly, 𝑓(𝑥) is a continous function and also ⇒ 4𝑛 = 66
increasing on 𝑅, The quality does not hold true for 𝑛 ∈ 𝑍.
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = −∞ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 lim = ∞ Therefore, 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 1
𝑥→−∞ 𝑥→∞
∴ 𝑓(𝑥) takes every value between −∞ and ∞ Now, 𝑓(6) = 63 + 1 = 216 + 1 = 217
Thus, 𝑓(𝑥)is onto function. 223 (b)
218 (c) Since, the graph is symmetrical about the line= 𝑥 = 2
1 ⇒ 𝑓(2 + 𝑥) = 𝑓(2 − 𝑥)
The function 𝑓(𝑥) = is defined for all 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅.
2−cos 3 𝑥 224 (c)
Therefore, domain of 𝑓(𝑥) is 𝑅 We have,
Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑦. Then,

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−1, 𝑥 < 0 𝑥 + 3 > 0 and 𝑥 + 3 ≠ 1 ⇒ 𝑥 > −3 and 𝑥 = −2
𝑓(𝑥) = { 0, 𝑥 = 0 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥(1 − 𝑥 2 ) ⇒ 𝑥 ∈ (−3, −2) ∪ (−2, ∞)
1, 𝑥 > 0 Hence, the domain of 𝑓(𝑥) is (−3, −2) ∪ (−2, −1) ∪
∴ 𝑓𝑜𝑔 (𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)) (1, ∞)
−1, if 𝑔(𝑥) < 0 231 (b)
⇒ 𝑓𝑜𝑔 (𝑥) = { 0, if 𝑔(𝑥) = 0 𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 7 = (𝑥 − 3)2 − 2
1, if 𝑔(𝑥) > 0 Obviously, minimum value is −2 and maximum is ∞.
−1, if 𝑥 ∈ (−1,0) ∪ (1, ∞) 232 (d)
⇒ 𝑓𝑜𝑔 (𝑥) = { 0, if 𝑥 = 0, ± 1 We have,
1, if 𝑥 ∈ (−∞, −1) ∪ (0, 1) 𝑓𝑜𝑓 −1 (𝑥) = 𝑥
225 (b) ⇒ 𝑓(𝑓 −1 (𝑥)) = 𝑥
Reflexive 𝑥𝑅𝑥 ⇒ 𝑓(𝑦) = 𝑥 where 𝑦 = 𝑓 −1 (𝑥)
Since, 𝑥 2 = 𝑥. 𝑥 𝑒 𝑦 − 𝑒 −𝑦 𝑒 𝑦 − 𝑒 −𝑦 2𝑒 𝑦
⇒ 𝑦 + 2 = 𝑥 ⇒ = 𝑥 − 2 ⇒
𝑥 2 = 𝑥𝑦 𝑒 + 𝑒 −𝑦 𝑒 𝑦 + 𝑒 −𝑦 −2𝑒 −𝑦
Transitive, 𝑥𝑅𝑦 ⇒ 𝑥 2 = 𝑥𝑦 𝑥−1
=
And 𝑦𝑅𝑧 ⇒ 𝑦 2 = 𝑦𝑧 𝑥−3
Now, 𝑥 2 𝑦 2 = 𝑥𝑦 2 𝑧 ⇒ 𝑥 2 = 𝑥𝑧 2𝑦
𝑥−1
⇒𝑒 =
⇒ 𝑥𝑅𝑧 3−𝑥
∴ It is transitive. 1 𝑥−1
⇒ 𝑦 = log ( )
226 (c) 2 3−𝑥
1 𝑥−1
We have, ⇒ 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) = log ( )
𝜋𝑥 𝜋𝑥 2 3−𝑥
𝑓(𝑥) = sin ( ) + cos ( ) , 𝑛 ∈ 𝑍, 𝑛 > 2 233 (b)
𝑛−1 𝑛
𝜋𝑥 𝜋𝑥 4𝑥
Since sin ( ) and cos ( ) are periodic functions with 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥
𝑛−1 𝑛
4 +2
period 2(𝑛 − 1) and 2𝑛 respectively. Therefore, 𝑓(𝑥) is 41−𝑥 4𝑥
periodic with period equal to LCM of (2𝑛, 2(𝑛 − 1)) = ∴ 𝑓(1 − 𝑥) + 𝑓(𝑥) = 1−𝑥 + 𝑥
4 + 2 4 + 𝑥2
2𝑛(𝑛 − 1) 4 4𝑥 2 4
227 (b) = + = + =1
4 + 2.4𝑥 4𝑥 + 2 2 + 4𝑥 4𝑥 + 2
Let 𝑔(𝑥) be the even extension of 𝑓(𝑥) on [−4,4] 1 2 3
By putting 𝑥 = , , , … .
48
Then, 97 97 97 97
𝑓(𝑥) for 𝑥 ∈ [−4, 0] And adding, we get
𝑔(𝑥) = { 1 2 96
𝑓(−𝑥) for 𝑥 ∈ [0, 4] 𝑓 ( ) + 𝑓 ( ) + ⋯ + 𝑓 ( ) = 48
𝑒 𝑥 + sin 𝑥 for 𝑥 ∈ [−4,0] 97 97 97
⇒ 𝑔(𝑥) = { −𝑥 234 (c)
𝑒 + sin(−𝑥) for 𝑥 ∈ [0, 4] 2 sin 8𝑥 cos 𝑥−2 sin 6𝑥 cos 3𝑥
𝑒 𝑥 + sin 𝑥 for 𝑥 ∈ [−4, 0] Given, 𝑓(𝑥) =
⇒ 𝑔(𝑥) = { −𝑥 2 cos 2𝑥 cos 𝑥−2 sin 3𝑥 sin 4𝑥
𝑒 − sin 𝑥 for 𝑥 ∈ [0, 4] (sin 9𝑥 + sin 7𝑥) + (sin 9𝑥 + sin 3𝑥)
⇒ 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑒 −|𝑥| − sin|𝑥| for 𝑥 ∈ [−4, 4] =
(cos 3𝑥 + cos 𝑥) + (cos 7𝑥 − cos 𝑥)
228 (d) sin 7𝑥 − sin 3𝑥
Clearly, 𝑓(𝑥) is an even function and 𝑓(𝑥) < 0 for all =
cos 7𝑥 + cos 3𝑥
𝑥>0 2 cos 5𝑥 sin 2𝑥
Therefore, the graph of 𝑓(𝑥) lies in the third and fourth = = tan 2𝑥
2 cos 2𝑥 cos 5𝑥
𝜋
quadrants ∴ Period of 𝑓(𝑥) =
2
229 (d) 235 (d)
The given function is 𝑔𝑜𝑓 = 𝑔{𝑓(𝑥)} = 𝑔(𝑥 2 ) = 𝑥 2 + 5
3𝑥 − 1
𝑓(𝑥) = √1 − 2𝑥 + 2 sin−1 ( ) 236 (b)
2 We have,
3𝑥−1
For domain of 𝑓(𝑥), 1 − 2𝑥 ≥ 0 and −1 ≤ ≤1 𝑓(𝑥) = log 2𝑥−5 (𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 10)
2
1
⇒ 𝑥 ≤ and −2 ≤ 3𝑥 − 1 ≤ 2 For 𝑓(𝑥) to be defined, we must have
2
1 1 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 10 > 0, 2𝑥 − 5 > 0 and 2𝑥 − 5 ≠ 1
⇒ 𝑥 ≤ and − ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1 5 5
2 3
1 1 ⇒ (𝑥 − 5)(𝑥 + 2) > 0, 𝑥 > and and 𝑥 ≠ 3
∴ Domain of 𝑓(𝑥) = [− , ] 2 2
3 2
230 (c) ⇒ 𝑥 > 5 ⇒ 𝑥 ∈ (5, ∞)
237 (c)
We have,
𝑓(𝑥) = log (𝑥+3) (𝑥 2 − 1) Since, 𝑓(𝑥) is an even function therefore its values is
always greater than equal to 0 and we know
Clearly, 𝑓(𝑥) is defined for 𝑥 satisfying the following 𝑥2
conditions 𝑥 2 < 𝑥 2 + 1 or 2 < 1
𝑥 +1
(i) 𝑥 2 − 1 > 0 (ii) 𝑥 + 3 > 0 and 𝑥 + 3 ≠ 1 ∴ Required range is [0, 1).
Now, 𝑥 2 − 1 > 0 ⇒ 𝑥 ∈ (−∞, −1) ∪ (1, ∞) 238 (d)
and, We have,

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𝑓(𝑥 2 ) = |𝑥 2 − 1| ≠ |𝑥 − 1|2 = [𝑓(𝑥)]2 (c) since, (2, 3) ∈ 𝑅 but (3, 2) ∉ 𝑅, so 𝑅 is not
𝑓(|𝑥|) = ||𝑥| − 1| ≠ |𝑥 − 1| = |𝑓(𝑥)| symmetric.
And, (d) since, (4, 4) ∉ 𝑅, so 𝑅 is not reflexive.
𝑓(𝑥 + 𝑦) = |𝑥 + 𝑦 − 1| ≠ |𝑥 − 1| + |𝑦 − 1| 244 (a)
= 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑓(𝑦) We have,
Hence, none of the above given option is true 𝑓(𝑥) = 16−𝑥 𝐶2𝑥−1 + 20−3𝑥 𝑃4𝑥−5
239 (d) Clearly, 𝑓(𝑥) is defined, if
We have, 16 − 𝑥 ≥ 2𝑥 − 1 > 0,20 − 3𝑥 ≥ 4𝑥 − 5 > 0 and 𝑥 ∈ 𝑍
𝑓(𝑥 + 2) − 2𝑓(𝑥 + 1) + 𝑓(𝑥) ⇒ 𝑥 ∈ {1,2,3,4,5}, 𝑥 ∈ {2, 3} and 𝑥 ∈ 𝑍
= 𝑎 𝑥+2 − 2 𝑎 𝑥+1 + 𝑎 𝑥 ⇒ 𝑥 ∈ {2,3}
= 𝑎 𝑥 (𝑎2 − 2 𝑎 + 1) = 𝑎 𝑥 (𝑎 − 1)2 = (𝑎 − 1)2 𝑓(𝑥) ∴ Domain (𝑓) = {2,3}
So, option (a) holds 245 (d)
It can be easily checked that options (b) and (c) are Given, 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑒 2𝑖𝑥 and 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝐶. Function 𝑓(𝑥) is not
also true but option (d) is not true one-one, because after some values of 𝑥(𝑖𝑒, 𝜋) it will
240 (b) give the same values.
It can be easily seen that 𝑓: 𝐴 → 𝐴 is a bijection. Let Also, 𝑓(𝑥) is not onto, because it has minimum and
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑦. Then, maximum values −1 − 𝑖 and 1 + 𝑖 respectively.
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑦 246 (a)
⇒ 𝑥(2 − 𝑥) = 𝑦 For 𝑓(𝑥) to be defined,
⇒ 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 0 𝑥 − 4 ≥ 0 and 6 − 𝑥 ≥ 0 ⇒ 𝑥 ≥ 4 and 𝑥 ≤ 6
⇒ 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 0 Therefore, the domain is [4, 6].
2 ± √4 − 4𝑦 247 (d)
⇒𝑥= We have,
2
⇒ 𝑥 = 1 ± √1 − 𝑦 ℎ𝑜𝑔𝑜𝑓 (𝑥) = cos −1 (|sin 𝑥|)
⇒ 𝑥 = 1 − √1 − 𝑦 [∵ 𝑥 ≤ 1] and, 𝑓𝑜𝑔𝑜ℎ (𝑥) = sin2 (√cos −1 𝑥)
⇒ 𝑓 −1 (𝑦) = 1 − √1 − 𝑦 Clearly, ℎ𝑜𝑔𝑜𝑓 (𝑥) ≠ 𝑓𝑜𝑔𝑜ℎ(𝑐)
Thus, option (a) is not correct
Hence, 𝑓 −1 : 𝐴 → 𝐴 is defined as 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) = 1 − √1 − 𝑥
Now,
241 (d)
We observe that 𝑔𝑜𝑓𝑜ℎ (𝑥) = |sin(cos −1 𝑥)| = |sin (sin−1 √1 − 𝑥 2 )|
𝜋𝑥 2𝜋 𝜋𝑥 2𝜋
Period of sin is
2
= 4, Period of cos is
𝜋/2 3
= 6,
𝜋/3
= √1 − 𝑥 2
and, and, 𝑓𝑜ℎ𝑜𝑔 (𝑥) = sin2 (cos −1 √𝑥) = 1 − cos 2 (cos −1 √𝑥)
𝜋𝑥 𝜋 2
Period of tan is =4 ⇒ 𝑓𝑜ℎ𝑜𝑔 (𝑥) = 1 − {cos(cos −1 √𝑥)} = 1 − 𝑥
4 𝜋/4 ∴ 𝑔𝑜𝑓𝑜ℎ (𝑥) ≠ 𝑓𝑜ℎ𝑜𝑔(𝑥)
∴ Period of 𝑓(𝑥) = LCM of (4, 6, 4) = 12 Thus, option (b) is correct
242 (c) Also,
We have, ℎ𝑜𝑔𝑜𝑓(𝑥) = cos −1 (| sin 𝑥 |) and, 𝑓𝑜ℎ𝑜𝑔 (𝑥) = 1 − 𝑥
𝑥 𝑛 + 𝑥 −𝑛 ∴ ℎ𝑜𝑔𝑜𝑓(𝑥) ≠ 𝑓𝑜ℎ𝑜𝑔(𝑥)
𝑓(𝑥) = lim 𝑛
𝑥→∞ 𝑥 + 𝑥 −𝑛 Thus, option (c) is not correct
𝑥 2𝑛 − 1 0 − 1 Hence, option (d) is correct
⇒ 𝑓(𝑥) = lim 2𝑛 = = −1, if − 1 < 𝑥 < 1
𝑥→∞ 𝑥 +1 0+1 248 (a)
If |𝑥| > 1, then 𝑥 2𝑛 → ∞ as 𝑛 → ∞ We have,
1 2𝑥 + 2−𝑥
1 − 2𝑛 1 − 0 𝑓(𝑥) =
∴ 𝑓(𝑥) = lim 𝑥 = , = 1, if |𝑥| > 1
1 2
1 + 2𝑛 1 + 1
𝑥→∞
2𝑥+𝑦 + 2−𝑥−𝑦 2𝑥−𝑦 + 2−𝑥+𝑦
𝑥 ∴ 𝑓(𝑥 + 𝑦)𝑓(𝑥 − 𝑦) = ×
If |𝑥| = 1, then 𝑥 2𝑛 = 1 2 2
2𝑥 −2𝑦
𝑥 2𝑛 − 1 1 − 1 2 +2 + 22𝑦 + 2−2𝑥
∴ 𝑓(𝑥) = lim 2𝑛 = =0 ⇒ 𝑓(𝑥 + 𝑦)𝑓(𝑥 − 𝑦) =
𝑥→∞ 𝑥 +1 1+1 4
Thus, we have 1 22𝑥 + 2−2𝑥 22𝑦 + 2−2𝑦
⇒ 𝑓(𝑥 + 𝑦)𝑓(𝑥 − 𝑦) = ( + )
−1, if |𝑥| < 1 2 2 2
𝑓(𝑥) = { 0, if |𝑥| = 1 1
⇒ 𝑓(𝑥 + 𝑦) 𝑓 (𝑥 − 𝑦) = {𝑓(2𝑥) + 𝑓 (2𝑦)}
1, if |𝑥| > 1 2
243 (c) 249 (b)
𝑅 = {(1, 3), (4, 2), (2, 4), (2, 3), (3, 1)} is a relation on 𝑅 = {(𝑎, 𝑏): 𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ 𝑁, 𝑎 − 𝑏 = 3}
𝐴 = {1, 2, 3, 4}, then = {[(𝑛 + 3), 𝑛]: 𝑛 ∈ 𝑁}
(a) since, (2, 4) ∈ 𝑅 and (2, 3) ∈ 𝑅, so 𝑅 is not a = {(4, 1), (5, 2), (6, 3), … . }
function. 250 (a)
𝑥
(b) since, (1,3) ∈ 𝑅 and (3, 1) ∈ 𝑅 but (1, 1) ∉ 𝑅. Clearly, 𝑓(𝑥) = sin−1 {log 3 ( )} exists if
3
So, 𝑅 is not transitive.

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𝑥 𝑥 258 (c)
−1 ≤ log 3 ( ) ≤ 1 ⇔ 3−1 ≤ ≤ 31 ⇔ 1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 9
3 3 𝑓(𝑥) = cos 2 𝑥 + sin4 𝑥 = 1 − cos 2 𝑥 + cos 4 𝑥
Hence, domain of 𝑓(𝑥) is [1, 9] 1 2 3 3
251 (c) ⇒ 𝑓(𝑥) = (cos 2 𝑥 − ) + ≥ for all 𝑥
2 4 4
For 𝑓(𝑥) to be defined, we must have Also, 𝑓(𝑥) = cos 𝑥 + sin 𝑥 ≤ cos 𝑥 + sin2 𝑥 = 1
2 4 2
√4 − 𝑥 2 ∴ Range (𝑓) = [3/4, 1]
> 0,4 − 𝑥 2 > 0 and 1 − 𝑥 ≠ 0
1−𝑥 Hence, 𝑓(𝑅) = [3/4,1]
⇒ 1 − 𝑥 > 0,4 − 𝑥 2 > 0 and 1 − 𝑥 ≠ 0 259 (d)
⇒ 𝑥 < 1, 𝑥 ∈ (−2, 2) and 𝑥 ≠ 1 ⇒ 𝑥 ∈ (−2,1) For domain of given function
∴ Domain (𝑓) = (−2, 1) 𝑥
Now, for 𝑥 ∈ (−2, 1), we have −1 ≤ log 2 { } ≤ 1
12
𝑥
√4 − 𝑥 2 ⇒ 2−1 ≤ ≤2
−∞ < log ( )<∞ 12
1−𝑥 ⇒ 6 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 24
√4 − 𝑥 2 ⇒ 𝑥 ∈ [6, 24]
⇒ −1 ≤ sin {log ( )} ≤ 1 ⇒ −1 ≤ 𝑓(𝑥) ≤ 1
1−𝑥 260 (d)
2 𝑥
Hence, Range (𝑓) = [−1, 1] Given, 𝑓(𝑥) = 4−𝑥 + cos −1 ( − 1) + log(cos 𝑥)
2
252 (a) 2 𝜋 𝜋 𝑥
𝑎𝑥+𝑏 Here, 4−𝑥 is defined for {− , } , cos −1 ( − 1) is
Given, 𝑓(𝑥) = and 𝑓𝑜𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 2 2
𝑐𝑥+𝑑 defined,
𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 𝑥
⇒ 𝑓( )=𝑥 If −1 ≤ − 1 ≤ 1 ⇒ 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 4
𝑐𝑥 + 𝑑 2
𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 And log(cos 𝑥) is defined, if cos 𝑥 > 0
𝑎( )+𝑏 𝜋 𝜋
⇒ 𝑐𝑥 + 𝑑 =𝑥 ⇒ − <𝑥<
𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 2 2
𝑐( )+𝑑 𝜋
𝑐𝑥 + 𝑑 Hence, 𝑓(𝑥) is defined for 𝑥 ∈ [0, ]
𝑥(𝑎2 + 𝑏𝑐) + 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏𝑑 2
⇒ =𝑥 261 (a)
𝑥(𝑎𝑐 + 𝑐𝑑) + 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑑 2 Let 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) = 𝑦. Then,
⇒ 𝑑 = −𝑎 𝑥+4
253 (c) 𝑥 = 𝑓(𝑦) ⇒ 𝑥 = 3 𝑦 − 4 ⇒ 𝑦 =
𝑎𝑥+𝑏 3
If 𝑓: 𝐶 → 𝐶 given by 𝑓(𝑥) = is a constant function, 𝑥+4
𝑐𝑥+𝑑 ∴ 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) = 𝑦 ⇒ 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) =
then 3
𝑓(𝑥) = Constant (= 𝜆, say) for all 𝑥 ∈ 𝐶 262 (d)
𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 Here, we have to find the range of the function which is
⇒ = 𝜆 for all 𝑥 ∈ 𝐶 [−1/3, 1]
𝑐𝑥 + 𝑑
⇒ (𝑎 − 𝜆𝑐) 𝑥 + (𝑏 − 𝜆𝑑) = 0 for all 𝑥 ∈ 𝐶 263 (a)
𝑎
⇒ 𝑎 − 𝜆c = 0 and 𝑏 − 𝜆𝑑 = 0 ⇒ = ⇒ 𝑎𝑑 = 𝑏𝑐
𝑏 For 𝑓(𝑥) to be real, we must have
𝑐 𝑑 𝑥 > 0 and log10 𝑥 ≠ 0
254 (d)
2𝜋 ⇒ 𝑥 > 0 and 𝑥 ≠ 1 ⇒ 𝑥 > 0 and 𝑥 ≠ 1 ⇒ 𝑥 ∈ (0, 1) ∪
Periods of sin 𝜆 𝑥 + cos 𝜆 𝑥 and |sin 𝑥| + | cos 𝑥 | are (1, ∞)
𝜆
𝜋
and respectively 264 (a)
2
𝜋 2𝜋 Let 𝑊 = {𝑐𝑎𝑡, 𝑡𝑜𝑦, 𝑦𝑜𝑢, … }
∴ = ⇒𝜆=4 Clearly, 𝑅 is reflexive and symmetric but not transitive.
2 𝜆
255 (b) [Since, catRtoy, toyRyou⇏ catRyou]
265 (c)
We have, 𝑓(𝑥) = √log16 𝑥 2 𝑎𝑥+𝑏
Clearly, 𝑓(𝑥) exists, if Given, 𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑐𝑥+𝑑
log16 𝑥 2 ≥ 0 ⇒ 𝑥 2 ≥ 1 ⇔ |𝑥| ≥ 1 It reduces the constant function if
256 (b) 𝑎 𝑏
= ⇒ 𝑎𝑑 = 𝑏𝑐
Since, 𝑓(𝑥) is an even function, therefore 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) is an 𝑐 𝑑
odd function 267 (c)
𝑖𝑒, 𝑓 ′ (−𝑒) = −𝑓 ′ (𝑒) Since, the relation 𝑅 is defined as
∴ 𝑓 ′ (𝑒)
+ 𝑓 ′ (−𝑒) = 0 𝑅 = {(𝑥, 𝑦)|𝑥, 𝑦 are real numbers and 𝑥 = 𝑤𝑦 for some
257 (c) rational number 𝑤}
We have, (i) Reflexive 𝑥𝑅𝑥 ⇒ 𝑥 = 𝑤𝑥
1+𝑥 ∴ 𝑤 = 1 ∈ Rational number
𝑓(𝑥) = log ( ) ⇒ The relation 𝑅 is reflexive.
1−𝑥
2𝑥 (ii) Symmetric 𝑥𝑅𝑦 ⇒ 𝑦𝑅𝑥
2𝑥 1+ 2
∴ 𝑓( ) = log { 1 + 𝑥 2 } = log (𝑥 + 1) As 0𝑅1
1 + 𝑥2 2𝑥 1−𝑥 ⇒ 0 = 0 (1) but 1𝑅0 ⇒ 1 = 𝑤. (0),
1−
1 + 𝑥2 Which is not true for any rational number
2𝑥 1+𝑥
⇒ 𝑓( ) = log ( ) = 2 𝑓 (𝑥) ⇒ The relation 𝑅 is not symmetric
1+𝑥 2 1−𝑥

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Thus, 𝑅 is not equivalent relation. 2𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 3 ≤ 0
Now, for the relation 𝑆 is defined as ⇒ (2𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 − 1) ≤ 0
3
⇒ 1≤𝑥≤
2
3
𝑚, 𝑛, 𝑝 and 𝑞 ∈ integers such that 𝑛, 𝑞 ≠ 0 and 𝑞𝑚 = ∴ Domain of 𝑓(𝑥) = [1, ].
2
𝑝𝑛} 275 (d)
𝑚 𝑚
(i) Reflexive 𝑆 ⇒ 𝑚𝑛 = 𝑚𝑛 (True) Given, 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + √𝑥 2
𝑛 𝑛
⇒ The relation 𝑆 is reflexive Since, this function is not defined
𝑚 𝑝 276 (a)
(ii) Symmetric 𝑆 ⇒ 𝑚𝑞 = 𝑛𝑝
𝑛 𝑞
𝑝 𝑚 We have,
⇒ 𝑛𝑝 = 𝑚𝑞 ⇒ 𝑆 sin4 𝑥 + cos 2 𝑥
𝑞 𝑛 𝑓(𝑥) =
⇒ The relation 𝑆 is symmetric. sin2 𝑥 + cos 4 𝑥
𝑚 𝑝 𝑝 𝑟 (1 − cos 2 𝑥)2 + cos 2 𝑥
(iii) Transitive 𝑆 and 𝑆 ⇒ 𝑓(𝑥) = = 1 for all 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅
𝑛 𝑞 𝑞 𝑠 1 − cos 2 𝑥 + cos 4 𝑥
⇒ 𝑚𝑞 = 𝑛𝑝 and 𝑝𝑠 = 𝑟𝑞 ∴ 𝑓(2010) = 1
⇒ 𝑚𝑞. 𝑝𝑠 = 𝑛𝑝. 𝑟𝑞 277 (c)
𝑚 𝑟 𝑚 𝑟 We have,
⇒ 𝑚𝑠 = 𝑛𝑟 ⇒ = ⇒ 𝑆
𝑛 𝑠 𝑛 𝑠 𝑓(𝑥) = log{𝑎𝑥 3 + (𝑎 + 𝑏)𝑥 2 + (𝑏 + 𝑐)𝑥 + 𝑐}
⇒ The relation 𝑆 is transitive ⇒ 𝑓(𝑥) = log{(𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐)(𝑥 + 1)}
⇒ The relation 𝑆 is equivalent relation. 𝑏 2
268 (a) ⇒ 𝑓(𝑥) = log {𝑎 (𝑥 + ) (𝑥 + 1)}
We know that tan 𝑥 has period 𝜋. Therefore, |tan 𝑥| has 2𝑎
𝜋
period . Also,cos 2𝑥 has period 𝜋. Therefore, period of 𝑏 2
2 ⇒ 𝑓(𝑥) = log 𝑎 + log (𝑥 + ) + log(𝑥 + 1)
|tan 𝑥| + cos 2𝑥 is 𝜋. 2𝑎
𝑏
𝜋𝑥 2𝜋 𝑥 Since 𝑎 > 0, therefore 𝑓(𝑥) is defined for 𝑥 ≠ − and
Clearly, 2 sin + 3 cos has its period equal to the 2𝑎
3 3
𝑥+1>0
LCM of 6 and 3 i.e., 6
6 cos(2 𝜋 𝑥 + 𝜋/4) + 5 sin(𝜋 𝑥 + 3𝜋/4) has period 2 𝑏
𝜋 i. e. , 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅 − {{− } ∩ (−∞, −1)}
The function |tan 4 𝑥| + | sin 4𝑥 | has period 2𝑎
2
269 (a) 278 (a)
10𝑥 − 10−𝑥
Let 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) = √(𝑥 − 1)(3 − 𝑥) ∵ 𝑦= 𝑥
⇒ 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 3 + 𝑦 2 = 0 10 + 10−𝑥
𝑦+1 10𝑥
This is a quadratic in 𝑥, we get ⇒ =
𝑦 − 1 −10−𝑥
+4 ± √16 − 4(3 + 𝑦 2 ) 4 ± 2√1 − 𝑦 2
𝑥= = [using componendo and dividendo rule]
2(1) 2(1) 1+𝑦
Since, 𝑥 is real, then 1 − 𝑦 2 ≥ 0 ⇒ −1 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 1 ⇒ 102𝑥 =
1−𝑦
But 𝑓(𝑥) attains only non-negative values. 1+𝑦
Hence, 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) = [0, 1] ⇒ 2𝑥 log10 10 = log10 ( )
1−𝑦
270 (d) 1 1+𝑦
{(𝑧, 𝑏), (𝑦, 𝑏), (𝑎, 𝑑)} is not a relation from 𝐴 to 𝐵 ⇒ 𝑥 = log10 ( )
2 1−𝑦
because 𝑎 ∉ 𝐴 1 1+𝑥
272 (a) ∴ 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) = log10 ( )
For 𝑥 ≥ 1, we have 2 1−𝑥
279 (b)
𝑥 ≤ 𝑥 2 ⇒ min{𝑥, 𝑥 2 } = 𝑥 −1, when 𝑥 is rational
For 0 ≤ 𝑥 < 1, we have, Given, 𝑓(𝑥) = {
1, when 𝑥 is irrational
𝑥 2 < 𝑥 ⇒ min{𝑥, 𝑥 2 } = 𝑥 2 Now, (𝑓𝑜𝑓)(1 − √3) = 𝑓[𝑓(1 − √3)] = 𝑓(1) = −1
For 𝑥 < 0, we have
280 (c)
𝑥 < 𝑥 2 ⇒ min{𝑥, 𝑥 2 } = 𝑥
𝑥, 𝑥 > 1 We have,
Hence, 𝑓(𝑥) = min{𝑥, 𝑥 2 } = {𝑥 2 , 0 ≤ 𝑥 < 1 𝑓(𝑥) = 6𝑥 + 6|𝑥| > 0 for all 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅
𝑥, 𝑥 < 0 ∴ Range (𝑓) ≠ (Co − domain (𝑓)
ALITER Draw the graphs of 𝑦 = 𝑥 and 𝑦 = 𝑥 to obtain2 So, 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 is an into function
𝑓(𝑥) For any 𝑥, 𝑦 ∈ 𝑅, we find that
273 (a) 𝑥 ≠ 𝑦 ⇒ 2𝑥 ≠ 2𝑦 ⇒ 2𝑥+|𝑥| ≠ 2𝑦+|𝑦| ⇒ 𝑓(𝑥) ≠ 𝑓(𝑦)
Clearly, mapping 𝑓 given in option (a) satisfies the So, 𝑓 is one-one
given conditions Hence, 𝑓 is a one-one into function
274 (b) 281 (a)
2 Here, 𝑌 = {7, 11, … , ∞}
Given, 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑒 √5𝑥−3−2𝑥 𝑦−3
For domain of 𝑓(𝑥) Let 𝑦 = 4𝑥 + 3 ⇒
4
Inverse of 𝑓(𝑥) is

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𝑦−3 Replacing 𝑥 by −𝑥, we get
𝑔(𝑦) =
4 𝑓(− sin 𝑥) − 𝑓(sin 𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 1 …(ii)
282 (b) Adding (i) and (ii), we get
We have, 2(𝑥 2 − 1) = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 = ±1
𝑓(𝑥) = √cos(sin 𝑥) + √sin(cos 𝑥) ∴ 𝑥 2 − 2 = 1 − 2 = −1
We observe that 𝑓(𝑥) is not defined in (𝜋/2, 3 𝜋/2) and 292 (d)
it is aperiodic function with period 2 𝜋. So, let us For 𝑓(𝑥) to be defined
consider the internal [−𝜋/2, 𝜋/2] as it domain. −1 ≤ log 2 𝑥 ≤ 1 [∵ −1 ≤ sin−1 𝑥 ≤ 1]
Further, since 𝑓(𝑥) is an even function. So, we will 1
⇒ ≤𝑥≤2
consider 𝑓(𝑥) defined on [0, 𝜋/2] only. 2
Clearly, √cos(sin 𝑥) and √sin(cos 𝑥) are decreasing 293 (a)
functions on [0, 𝜋/2] We have,
𝜋 𝑓(𝑥) = |𝑥| and 𝑔(𝑥) = [𝑥]
Range (𝑓) = [𝑓 ( ) , 𝑓(0)] = [√cos 1 , 1 + √sin 1] ∴ 𝑔(𝑓(𝑥)) ≤ 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥))
2
284 (c) ⇒ 𝑔(|𝑥|) ≤ 𝑓([𝑥]) ⇒ [|𝑥|] ≤ |[𝑥]|
We have, Clearly, [|𝑥|] = |[𝑥]| for all 𝑥 ∈ 𝑍
log 𝑥 > 1 for all 𝑥 ∈ (𝑒, ∞) Let 𝑥 ∈ (−∞, 0) such that 𝑥 ∉ 𝑍. Then, there exists
⇒ log(log 𝑥) > 0 for all 𝑥 ∈ (𝑒, ∞) positive integer 𝑘 such that
⇒ 𝑓(𝑥) − log[log(log 𝑥)] ∈ (−∞, ∞) for all 𝑥 ∈ (𝑒, ∞) −𝑘 − 1 < 𝑥 < −𝑘
Also, 𝑓 is one-one. Hence, 𝑓 is both one-one and onto ⇒ [𝑥] = −𝑘 − 1 and 𝑘 < |𝑥| < 𝑘 + 1
285 (a) ⇒ |[𝑥]| = 𝑘 + 1 and [|𝑥|] = 𝑘
Given, 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 3 ⇒ [|𝑥|] < |[𝑥]|
Now, 𝑓(−1) = (−1)2 − 3 = −2 Hence, [|𝑥|] ≤ ||𝑥|| for all 𝑥 ∈ 𝑍 ∪ (−∞, 0)
⇒ 𝑓𝑜𝑓(−1) = 𝑓(−2) = (−2)2 − 3 = 1 i. e. {𝑥 ∈ 𝑅 ∶ 𝑔(𝑓(𝑥)) ≤ 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥))} = 𝑍 ∪ (−∞, 0)
⇒ 𝑓𝑜𝑓𝑜𝑓(−1) = 𝑓(1) = 12 − 3 = −2 294 (d)
Now, 𝑓(0) = 02 − 3 = −3 3𝑥 + 𝑥 3 2𝑥
⇒ 𝑓𝑜𝑓 (0) = 𝑓(−3) = (−3)2 − 3 = 6 ∴ 𝑓( )−𝑓( )
1 + 3𝑥 2 1 + 𝑥2
⇒ 𝑓𝑜𝑓(0) = 𝑓(6) = 62 − 3 = 33 3
3𝑥 + 𝑥 2𝑥
Again, 𝑓(1) = 12 − 3 = −2 1+( ) 1+
1 + 3𝑥 2 1 + 𝑥2)
⇒ 𝑓𝑜𝑓(1) = 𝑓(−2) = (−2)2 − 3 = 1 = log ( ) − log (
3𝑥 + 𝑥 3 2𝑥
⇒ 𝑓𝑜𝑓𝑜𝑓(−1) + 𝑓𝑜𝑓𝑜𝑓(0) + 𝑓𝑜𝑓𝑜𝑓(1) 1−( ) 1−
1 + 3𝑥 2 1 + 𝑥2
= −2 + 33 − 2 = 29 3 2
2 1+𝑥 1+𝑥
Now, 𝑓(4√2) = (4√2) − 3 = 32 − 3 = 29 = log ( ) − log ( )
1−𝑥 1−𝑥
286 (b) 1+𝑥
For any 𝑥, 𝑦 ∈ 𝑅, we observe that = log ( ) = 𝑓(𝑥)
1−𝑥
𝑥−𝑚 𝑦−𝑚 295 (d)
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑦) ⇒ = ⇒𝑥=𝑦
𝑥−𝑛 𝑦−𝑛 Clearly, 𝑓(𝑥) is defined if
So, 𝑓 is one-one = log10 log10 … log10 𝑥 > 0
Let 𝛼 ∈ 𝑅 such that 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝛼 →(𝑛−1) times←
𝑥−𝑚 𝑚 − 𝑛𝛼
⇒ =𝛼⇒𝑥=
𝑥−𝑛 1−𝛼
Clearly, 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅 for 𝛼 = 1. So, 𝑓 is not onto
Hence, 𝑓 is one-one into. This fact can also be observed
from the graph of the function
287 (b)
We have,
(𝑛−2) times
𝐷(𝑓) = 𝑅 and 𝐷(𝑔) = 𝑅 − {0} ⇒ 𝑥 > 1010
10 ⋰

∴ 𝐷(ℎ) = 𝑅 − {0} (𝑛−2) times

1 10 ⋰
Hence, ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥)𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 × = 1 for all 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅 − {0} Thus, domain of 𝑓 = (1010 , ∞)
𝑥
288 (b) 296 (a)
Since cos √𝑥 is not a periodic function. Therefore, 𝑥
2
Let 𝑦 = sin−1 [log 3 ( )]
𝑓(𝑥) = cos √𝑥 + cos 𝑥 is not a periodic function 𝑥
3

289 (b) ⇒ −1 ≤ log 3 ( ) ≤ 1

𝑥 3
We have, 𝑓(𝑥) = 2 1 𝑥
𝑓(𝑛 + 1) 2𝑛+1 ⇒ ≤ ≤3
∴ = 𝑛 = 2 for all 𝑛 ∈ 𝑁 3 3
𝑓(𝑛) 2 ⇒ 1≤𝑥≤9
Hence, 𝑓(0), 𝑓(1), 𝑓(2), … are in G.P. 297 (d)
290 (d) 3
Since, 𝑓(𝑥) = + log10 (𝑥 3 − 𝑥)
4−𝑥 2
We have,
For domain of 𝑓(𝑥),
𝑓(sin 𝑥) − 𝑓(− sin 𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 1 for all 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅 …(i)

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𝑥 3 − 1 > 0, 4 − 𝑥 2 ≠ 0) ⇒ ϕ(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) and ϕ(𝑥) = g(𝑥)
⇒ 𝑥(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 1) > 0 and 𝑥 ≠ ±2 ⇒ 𝑓(𝑥) = g(𝑥) = ϕ(𝑥)
⇒ 𝑥 ∈ (−1, 0) ∪ (1, ∞), 𝑥 ≠ ±2 But, 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥, for all 𝑥 ≥ 0 [∵ |𝑥| =
𝑥 for all 𝑥 ≥ 0]
∴ ϕ(𝑥) = 𝑥 for all 𝑥 ∈ [0, ∞)
304 (b)
⇒ 𝑥 ∈ (−1, 0) ∪ (1, 2) ∪ (2, ∞) 𝜋2
298 (c) We observe that 𝑓(𝑥) = 3 sin (√ − 𝑥 2 ) exists for
16
The given data is shown in the figure below 𝜋2 𝜋 𝜋
− 𝑥2 ≥ 0 ⇒ − ≤ 𝑥 ≤
16 4 4
𝜋2 𝜋
The least value of − 𝑥 2 is 0 for 𝑥 = ± and the
16 4
𝜋2
greatest value is for 𝑥 = 0. Therefore, the greatest
16
value of 𝑓(𝑥) occurs at 𝑥 = 0 and the least value occurs
at 𝑥 = ±𝜋/4
Thus, greatest and least values of 𝑓(𝑥) are
Since, 𝑓 −1 (𝐷) = 𝑥
⇒ 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝐷 𝜋2 𝜋 3 𝜋
Now, if 𝐵 ⊂ 𝑋, 𝑓(𝐵) ⊂ 𝐷 𝑓(0) = 3 sin (√ ) = 3 sin = and, 𝑓 ( )
16 4 √2 4
⇒ 𝑓 −1 (𝑓(𝐵)) = 𝐵
299 (b) = 3 sin 0 = 0
Clearly, 𝑓(𝑥) is an odd function Hence, the value of 𝑓(𝑥) lie in the interval [0, 3/√2]
300 (c) ALITER For 𝑥 ∈ [−𝜋/4, 𝜋/4] = 𝐷𝑜𝑚 (𝑓), we find that
We have, 𝜋2
√ − 𝑥 2 ∈ [0, 𝜋/4]
−1, −2 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 0 16
𝑓(𝑥) = { Since sin 𝑥 is an increasing function on [0, 𝜋/4]
𝑥 − 1, 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2
∴ 𝑓(|𝑥|) = 𝑥 [∵ 𝑥 ≤ 0]
𝜋2
⇒ 𝑓(−𝑥) = 𝑥 ∴ sin 𝑥 ≤ sin √ − 𝑥 2 ≤ sin 𝜋/4
1 16
⇒ −𝑥 − 1 = 𝑥 ⇒ 𝑥 = −
2 𝜋2 3 3
301 (a) ⇒ 0 ≤ 3 sin √ − 𝑥 2 ≤ ⇒ 0 ≤ 𝑓(𝑥) ≤
1 16 √2 √2
Given, 2𝑓(𝑥 2 ) + 3𝑓 ( 2) = 𝑥 2 − 1 ...(i)
𝑥
1 305 (b)
Replacing 𝑥 by , we get 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
𝑥 𝑓 ( + 𝑥) = |sin ( + 𝑥)| + |cos ( + 𝑥)|
1 2) 1 2 2 2
2𝑓 ( 2) + 3𝑓(𝑥 = 2 − 1 ...(ii)
𝑥 𝑥 = |cos 𝑥| + | sin 𝑥 | for all 𝑥.
On multiplying Eq. (i) by 2, Eq. (ii) by 3 and Hence, 𝑓(𝑥) is periodic with period .
𝜋
subtracting Eq. (i) from Eq. (ii), we get 2
3 306 (d)
5𝑓(𝑥 2 ) = 2 − 1 − 2𝑥 2 𝑥 1/3 −𝑏
1/2
𝑥 It can be easily checked that 𝑔(𝑥) = ( )
1 𝑎
⇒ 𝑓(𝑥 2 ) = 2 (3 − 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 4 ) satisfies the relation 𝑓𝑜𝑔 (𝑥) = 𝑔𝑜𝑓 (𝑥)
5𝑥
1 307 (a)
⇒ 𝑓(𝑥 4 ) = 4 (3 − 𝑥 4 − 2𝑥 8 ) [Replacing 𝑥
5𝑥 Since, (1, 2) ∈ 𝑆 but (2, 1) ∉ 𝑆
by 𝑥 2 ] ∴ 𝑆 is not symmetric.
(1 − 𝑥 4 )(2𝑥 4 + 3) Hence, 𝑆 is not an equivalent relation.
=
5𝑥 4 Given, 𝑇 = {(𝑥, 𝑦): (𝑥 − 𝑦) ∈ 𝐼}
302 (c) Now, 𝑥𝑇𝑥 ⇒ 𝑥 − 𝑥 = 0 ∈ 𝐼, it is reflexive relation
The function 𝑓(𝑥) = 7−𝑥 𝑃𝑥−3 is defined only if 𝑥 is an Again, 𝑥𝑇𝑦 ⇒ (𝑥 − 𝑦) ∈ 𝐼
integer satisfying the following inequalities: ⇒ 𝑦 − 𝑥 ∈ 𝐼 ⇒ 𝑦𝑇𝑥 it is symmetric relation.
(i)7 − 𝑥 ≥ 0 (ii)𝑥 − 3 ≥ 0 (iii)7 − 𝑥 ≥ 𝑥 − 3 Let 𝑥𝑇𝑦 and 𝑦𝑇𝑧
Now, ∴ 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 𝐼1 and 𝑦 − 𝑧 = 𝐼2
7−𝑥 ≥0⇒𝑥 ≤7 Now, 𝑥 − 𝑧 = (𝑥 − 𝑦) + (𝑦 − 𝑧) = 𝐼1 + 𝐼2 ∈ 𝐼
𝑥−3 ≥0 ⇒𝑥 ≥3 }⇒3 ≤𝑥 ≤ 5 ⇒𝑥−𝑧 ∈𝐼
7−𝑥 ≥ 𝑥−3⇒ 𝑥 ≤5 ⇒ 𝑥𝑇𝑧
Hence, the required domain is {3, 4, 5}
∴ 𝑇 is transitive.
303 (a)
Hence, 𝑇 is an equivalent relation.
We have,
308 (d)
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥, g(𝑥) = |𝑥|for all 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅 and ϕ (𝑥) satisfies the
𝑥 2, 𝑥≥0
relation 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥|𝑥| = { 2
2
[ϕ(𝑥) − 𝑓(𝑥)] + [ϕ(𝑥) − g(𝑥)] = 0 2 −𝑥 , 𝑥 <0
⇒ ϕ(𝑥) − 𝑓(𝑥) = 0 and ϕ(𝑥) − g(𝑥) = 0

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314 (a)
𝑓(𝑥) is defined
When |𝑥| > 𝑥
⇒ 𝑥 < −𝑥, 𝑥 > 𝑥
⇒ 2𝑥 < 0, (𝑥 > 𝑥 is not possible)
⇒ 𝑥<0
Hence domain of 𝑓(𝑥) is (−∞, 0).
315 (d)
Since, −1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1, therefore −1 ≤ 𝑓(𝑥) ≤ 1 We have,
∴ Function is one-one onto. 𝑓(𝑥) = log10 {(log10 𝑥)2 − 5(log10 𝑥) + 6}
309 (c) Clearly, 𝑓(𝑥) assumes real values, if
We have, (log10 𝑥)2 − 5 log10 𝑥 + 6 > 0 and 𝑥 > 0
1−𝑥 ⇒ (log10 𝑥 − 2)(log10 −3) > 0 and 𝑥 > 0
𝑓(𝑥) = ⇒ (log10 𝑥 < 2 or log10 𝑥 > 3) and 𝑥 > 0
1+𝑥
1−𝑥 ⇒ (𝑥 < 102 or, 𝑥 > 103 ) and 𝑥 > 0 ⇒ 𝑥 ∈ (0,102 ) ∪
1−𝑥 1−
⇒ 𝑓(𝑓(𝑥)) = 𝑓 ( )= 1+𝑥 =𝑥 (103 , ∞)
1+𝑥 1−𝑥 316 (b)
1+
1+𝑥 We have,
Again,
1−𝑥 1 1 1 2
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓 (𝑥 + ) = 𝑥 2 + 2 = (𝑥 + ) − 2
1+𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
1
1 ⇒ 𝑓(𝑦) = 𝑦 2 − 2, where 𝑦 = 𝑥 +
1 1−
𝑥 =𝑥−1
𝑥
⇒ 𝑓( ) = Now,
𝑥 1 𝑥+1 1 1
1+ 𝑥 > 0 ⇒ 𝑦 = 𝑥 + ≥ 2 and, 𝑥 < 0 ⇒ 𝑦 = 𝑥 + ≤ −2
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
𝑥−1 Thus, 𝑓(𝑦) = 𝑦 2 − 2 for all 𝑦 satisfying |𝑦| ≥ 2
1 𝑥−1 1−
∴ 𝑓 (𝑓 ( )) = 𝑓 ( )= 𝑥+1=1 317 (c)
𝑥 𝑥+1 𝑥−1 𝑥
1+ Since sin 𝑥 is a periodic function with period 2𝜋 and
𝑥+1
1 1 2𝑥 + 3 𝑥 1
∴ 𝛼 = 𝑓(𝑓(𝑥)) + 𝑓 (𝑓 ( )) = 𝑥 + 𝑓(𝑥) = sin ( ) = sin ( + )
𝑥 𝑥 6𝜋 3𝜋 2𝜋
2𝜋
1 ∴ 𝑓(𝑥) is periodic with period = = 6𝜋 2
1/3 𝜋
⇒ |𝛼| = |𝑥 + | ≥ 2
𝑥 318 (c)
310 (b) Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑦. Then,
Let 𝐴 = {1, 2, 3} 𝑦+7 𝑦+7
10 𝑥 − 7 = 𝑦 ⇒ 𝑥 = ⇒ 𝑓 −1 (𝑦) =
Let two transitive relations on the set 𝐴 are 10 10
𝑥+7
𝑅 = {(1, 1), (1, 2)} Hence, 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) =
10
And 𝑆 = {(2, 2), (2, 3)} 319 (b)
Now, 𝑅 ∪ 𝑆 = {(1, 1), (1, 2), (2, 2), (2, 3)} ∴ 𝑓(2.5) = [2.5 − 2] = [0.5] = 0
Here, (1, 2), (2, 3) ∈ 𝑅 ∪ 𝑆 ⇒ (1, 3) ∉ 𝑅 ∪ 𝑆 320 (c)
∴ 𝑅 ∪ 𝑆 is not transitive.
We have,
311 (c)
𝑓(1) = 3, 𝑓(2) = 4, 𝑓(3) = 5, 𝑓(4) = 6 𝑓(𝑥) = √log10 (log10 𝑥) − log10 (4 − log10 𝑥) − log10 3
⇒ 1 ∈ 𝐵, 2 ∈ 𝐵 do not have any pre-image in 𝐴 Clearly, 𝑓(𝑥) assumes real values, if
⇒ 𝑓 is one-one and into log10 (log10 𝑥) − log10 (4 − log10 𝑥) − log10 3 ≥ 0
log10 𝑥
312 (b) ⇒ log10 { }≥0
We observe that 3(4 − log10 𝑥)
|𝑓(𝑥) + ϕ(𝑥)| = |𝑓(𝑥)| + |ϕ(𝑥)| is true, if log10 𝑥
⇒ ≥1
𝑓(𝑥) ≥ 0 and ϕ(𝑥) ≥ 0 3(4 − log10 𝑥)
OR 4 log10 𝑥 − 12
⇒ ≥0
𝑓(𝑥) < 0 and ϕ(𝑥) < 0 3(4 − log10 𝑥)
⇒ (𝑥 > −1 and 𝑥 > 2) or (𝑥 < −1 and 𝑥 < 2) log10 𝑥 − 3
⇒ ≤0
⇒ 𝑥 ∈ (2, ∞) ∪ (−∞, −1) log10 𝑥 − 4
313 (b) ⇒ 3 ≤ log10 𝑥 < 4 ⇒ 103 ≤ 𝑥 < 104 ⇒ 𝑥 ∈ [103 , 104 )
sin−1 (3 − 𝑥) Hence, domain of 𝑓 = [103 , 104 )
We have, 𝑓(𝑥) =
log 𝑒 (|𝑥| − 2) 321 (a)
𝑥
sin−1 (3 − 𝑥) is defined for all 𝑥 satisfying We observe that the periods of sin 𝑥 and sin are
𝑛
−1 ≤ 3 − 𝑥 ≤ 1 ⇒ −4 ≤ −𝑥 ≤ −2 ⇒ 𝑥 ∈ [2, 4] 2𝜋
and 2|𝑛|π respectively
log 𝑒 (|𝑥| − 2) is defined for all 𝑥 satisfying |𝑛|
|𝑥| − 2 > 0 ⇒ 𝑥 ∈ (−∞, −2) ∪ (2, ∞) Therefore, 𝑓(𝑥) is periodic with period 2|𝑛|𝜋
Also, log 𝑒 (|𝑥| − 2) = 0 when |𝑥| − 2 = 1 i.e., 𝑥 = ±3 But, 𝑓(𝑥) has period 4 𝜋
Hence, domain of 𝑓 = (2, 3) ∪ (3, 4] ∴ 2|𝑛|𝜋 = 4 𝜋 ⇒ |𝑛| = 2 ⇒ 𝑛 = ±2

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322 (b) ∴ Range is [−√2, √2]
It can be easily checked that 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 given by 𝑓(𝑥) = 329 (a)
1
log 𝑎 (𝑥 + √𝑥 2 + 1) is a bijection Given, 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 2
𝑥 +1
Now, 𝑓(𝑓 −1 (𝑥)) = 𝑥 𝑥2
⇒ log 𝑎 (𝑓 −1 (𝑥)
+ √{𝑓 −1 (𝑥)}2 + 1) = 𝑥 = (𝑥 2 + 1) − ( )
𝑥2 + 1
⇒ 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) + √{𝑓 −1 (𝑥)}2 + 1 = 𝑎 𝑥 …(i) 1
= 1 + 𝑥 2 (1 − 2 ) ≥ 1, ∀ 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅
1 𝑥 +1
⇒ = 𝑎 −𝑥 Hence, range of 𝑓(𝑥) is [1, ∞).
𝑓 −1 (𝑥) + √{𝑓 −1 (𝑥)}2 + 1
330 (b)
⇒ −𝑓 −1 (𝑥) + √{𝑓 −1 (𝑥)}2 + 1 = 𝑎−𝑥 …(ii) Let 𝑦 = √sin 2𝑥 ⇒ 0 ≤ sin 2𝑥 ≤ 1,
Subtracting (ii) from (i), we get 𝜋
2𝑓 −1 (𝑥) = 𝑎 𝑥 − 𝑎 −𝑥 ⇒ 0 ≤ 2𝑥 ≤
2
1 𝜋
⇒ 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) = (𝑎 𝑥 − 𝑎 −𝑥 ) ⇒ 0≤𝑥≤
2 4
𝜋
323 (d) ⇒ 𝑥 ∈ [𝑛𝜋, 𝑛𝜋 + ]
We have, 4
2 331 (c)
1+ We have, 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 − [𝑥] −
1
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 √𝑥 + 4 + √𝑥 + 4 + 4√𝑥 + 4 2
2 − √𝑥 + 4 1
∴ 𝑓(𝑥) = ⇒ 𝑥 − [𝑥] = 1
Clearly, 𝑓(𝑥) is defined for 𝑥 + 4 > 0 and 𝑥 ≠ 0 2
So, Domain of 𝑓(𝑥) is (−4, 0) ∪ (0, ∞) But, for any 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅, 0 ≤ 𝑥 − [𝑥] < 1
324 (d) ∴ 𝑥 − [𝑥] ≠ 1 for any 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅
𝛼𝑥 1
∵ 𝑓(𝑓(𝑥)) = 𝑓 ( ) Hence, {𝑥 ∈ 𝑅 ∶ 𝑓(𝑥) = } = ϕ
𝑥+1 2
𝛼𝑥 332 (c)
𝛼( ) 𝛼 2𝑥
= 𝛼𝑥𝑥 + 1 = Since, 𝑥 ∈ [−2, 2], 𝑥 ≤ 0 and 𝑓(|𝑥|) = 𝑥
( ) + 1 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑥 + 1 For −2 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 0
𝑥+1
2
𝛼 𝑥 1
⇒ =𝑥 [given] 𝑓(−𝑥) = 𝑥 ⇒ ≤ (−𝑥) − 1 = 𝑥 ⇒ 𝑥 = −
𝑎𝑥+𝑥+1
2
2
⇒ 𝛼 = 𝛼𝑥 + 𝑥 + 1 333 (d)
⇒ 𝛼 2 − 1 = (𝛼 + 1)𝑥 Given, 𝑓(𝑥) = sin 𝑥
⇒ (𝛼 + 1)(𝛼 − 1 − 𝑥) = 0 And 𝑔(𝑥) = √𝑥 2 − 1
⇒ 𝛼 + 1 = 0 ⇒ 𝛼 = −1 [∴ 𝛼 − 1 − 𝑥 ≠ 0] ∴ Range of 𝑓 = [−1, 1] ∉ domain of 𝑔 = (1, ∞)
325 (d) ∴ 𝑔𝑜𝑓 is not defined.
𝑓(𝑥) = cosec 2 3𝑥 + cot 4𝑥 334 (d)
𝜋 𝜋
Period of cosec 2 3𝑥 is and cot 4𝑥 is . Given, 𝑓: 𝐶 → 𝑅 such that 𝑓(𝑧) = |𝑧|
3 4
𝜋 𝜋 We know modulus of 𝑧 and 𝑧̅ have same values, so 𝑓(𝑧)
∴ Period of 𝑓(𝑥) = LCM of { and }
3 4
LCM of (𝜋, 𝜋) 𝜋 has many one.
= = =𝜋 Also, |𝑧| is always non-negative real numbers, so it is
HCF of (3, 4) 1 not onto function.
326 (b) 335 (b)
Given, 𝑓(𝑥) = √1 + log 𝑒 (1 − 𝑥) We have,
For domain, (1 − 𝑥) > 0 and log 𝑒 (1 − 𝑥) ≥ −1 𝑥−1
⇒ 𝑥 < 1 and 1 − 𝑥 ≥ 𝑒 −1 𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑥+1
1 𝑓(𝑥)+1 2𝑥
⇒ 𝑥 < 1 and 𝑥 ≤ 1 − ⇒ = [Applying componendo-dividendo]
𝑒 𝑓(𝑥)−1 −2
𝑒−1 𝑓(𝑥) + 1
⇒ −∞ < 𝑥 ≤ ⇒𝑥=
𝑒 1 − 𝑓(𝑥)
327 (d)
𝜋 𝑓(𝑥) + 1
sin(sin−1 𝑥 + cos −1 𝑥) = sin ( ) = 1 2 𝑥 − 1 2 {1 − 𝑓(𝑥)} − 1 3 𝑓(𝑥) + 1
2 ∴ 𝑓(2 𝑥) = = =
∴ Range of sin(sin−1 𝑥 + cos −1 𝑥) is 1. 2𝑥+1 𝑓(𝑥) + 1 𝑓(𝑥) + 3
2{ }+1
328 (d) 1 − 𝑓(𝑥)
Given, 𝑓(𝑥) = cos 𝑥 − sin 𝑥 336 (b)
1 1 𝜋
Given, 𝑓(𝑥) = tan √ − 𝑥 2
= √2 ( cos 𝑥 − sin 𝑥) 9
√2 √2 𝜋2
𝜋 For 𝑓(𝑥) to be defined − 𝑥 2 ≥ 0
= √2 cos ( + 𝑥) 9
2 𝜋 2
𝜋 𝜋
𝜋
Since, −1 ≤ cos 𝑥 ≤ 1 ⇒ −1 ≤ cos ( + 𝑥) ≤ 1 ⇒ 𝑥2 ≤ ⇒− ≤3≤
4 9 3 3
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
⇒ −√2 ≤ √2 cos ( + 𝑥) ≤ √2 ∴ Domain of 𝑓 = [− , ]
4 3 3

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𝜋2 8 8
The greatest value of 𝑓(𝑥) = tan √ − 0, when 𝑥 = 0 ∴ 𝑓 (𝑔 ( )) − 𝑔 (𝑓 (− )) = 1 − 2 = −1
9 5 5
𝜋2 𝜋2 𝜋 343 (a)
And the least value of 𝑓(𝑥) = tan √ − , when 𝑥 =
9 9 3 cos −1 𝑥
∴ The greatest value of 𝑓(𝑥) = √3 and the least value ∵ 𝑓(𝑥) =
[𝑥]
of 𝑓(𝑥) = 0 For 𝑓(𝑥) to be defined −1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1 and [𝑥] ≠ 0 ⇒ 𝑥 ∉
∴ Range of 𝑓 = [0, √3]. [0, 1)
337 (b) ∴ Domain of 𝑓(𝑥) is [−1, 0) ∪ {1}.
We have, 344 (c)
0, 0 ≤ 𝑥 < 𝜋/2 Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑔(𝑥) + ℎ(𝑥) + 𝑢(𝑥), where
1, 𝑥 = 𝜋/2 1 −1
𝑔(𝑥) = , ℎ(𝑥) = 2sin 𝑥 and 𝑢(𝑥) =
1
[sin 𝑥] = 0, 𝜋/2 < 𝑥 ≤ 𝜋 𝑥 √𝑥−2

−1, 𝜋 < 𝑥 < 2 𝜋 The domain of 𝑔(𝑥) is the set of all real numbers other
{ 0, 𝑥 = 𝜋, 2 𝜋 than zero i.e. 𝑅 − {0}
And, cosec −1 𝑥 is defined for 𝑥 ∈ (−∞, −] ∪ [1, ∞) The domain of ℎ(𝑥) is the set [−1, 1] and the domain of
𝜋
∴ 𝑓(𝑥) = cosec −1 [sin 𝑥] is defined for 𝑥 = and 𝑥 ∈ 𝑢(𝑥) is the set of all reals greater than 2, i.e., (2, ∞)
2 Therefore, domain of 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑅 − {0} ∩ [−1, 1] ∩
(𝜋, 2 𝜋) (2, ∞) = ϕ
𝜋
Hence, domain of cosec −1 [sin 𝑥] is (𝜋, 2𝜋) ∪ { } 345 (b)
2
338 (a) Given, 2𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑓(1 − 𝑥) = 𝑥 2 ...(i)
𝑎𝑅𝑎 if |𝑎 − 𝑎| = 0 < 1, which is true. Replacing 𝑥 by (1 − 𝑥), we get
∴ It is reflexive. 2𝑓(1 − 𝑥) + 𝑓(𝑥) = (1 − 𝑥)2
Now, 𝑎𝑅𝑏, ⇒ 2𝑓(1 − 𝑥) + 𝑓(𝑥) = 1 + 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 ...(ii)
|𝑎 − 𝑏| ≤ 1 ⇒ |𝑏 − 𝑎| ≤ 1 On multiplying Eq. (i) by 2 and subtracting from Eq.
⇒ 𝑎𝑅𝑏 ⇒ 𝑏𝑅𝑎 (ii), we get
∴ It is symmetric. 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 1
3𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 1 ⇒ 𝑓(𝑥) =
339 (b) 3
Given 346 (d)
𝑓(𝑥) = log 𝑒 (𝑥 − [𝑥]) = log 𝑒 {𝑥} 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑥
When 𝑥 is an integer, then the function is not defined. ∴ 𝑓{𝑓(𝑥)} = 𝑎 + 𝑏(𝑎 + 𝑏𝑥) = 𝑎(1 + 𝑏)𝑏 2 𝑥
∴ Domain of the function 𝑅 − 𝑍. ⇒ 𝑓[𝑓{𝑓(𝑥)}] = 𝑓{𝑎(1 + 𝑏) + 𝑏 2 𝑥}
340 (b) = 𝑎(1 + 𝑏 + 𝑏 2 ) + 𝑏 3 𝑥
𝑟 (𝑥)
Here, 𝑓: [0, ∞] → [0, ∞)𝑖𝑒, domain is [0, ∞) and ∴ 𝑓 = 𝑎(1 + 𝑏 + 𝑏 2 + ⋯ + 𝑏 𝑟−1 ) + 𝑏 𝑟 𝑥
codomain is [0, ∞). 𝑏𝑟 − 1
𝑥 = 𝑎( ) + 𝑏′𝑥
For one-one 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑏−1
1+𝑥
1 347 (b)
⇒ 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = > 0, ∀ 𝑥 ∈ [0, ∞) We have,
(1 + 𝑥)2 𝑥−1
∴ 𝑓(𝑥) is increasing in its domain. Thus, 𝑓(𝑥) is one- 𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑥+1
one in its domain. 𝑓(𝑥) + 1 2 𝑥
For onto (we find range) ⇒ =
𝑥 𝑥 𝑓(𝑥) − 1 −2
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑖𝑒, 𝑦 = ⇒ 𝑦 + 𝑦𝑥 = 𝑥 𝑓(𝑥) + 1
1+𝑥 1+𝑥 ⇒𝑥=
𝑦 𝑦
⇒𝑥= ⇒ ≥ 0 as 𝑥 ≥ 0 ∴ 0 ≤ 𝑦 ≠ 1 1 − 𝑓(𝑥)
1−𝑦 1−𝑦
𝑓(𝑥) + 1
𝑖𝑒, Range ≠ Codomain 2 𝑥 − 1 2 {1 − 𝑓(𝑥)} − 1 3 𝑓(𝑥) + 1
∴ 𝑓(𝑥) is one-one but not onto. ∴ 𝑓(2 𝑥) = = =
2𝑥+1 𝑓(𝑥) + 1 𝑓(𝑥) + 3
341 (c) 2( )+1
1 − 𝑓(𝑥)
Given, 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 1
348 (a)
Let 𝑥1 , 𝑥2 ∈ 𝑅
Since, 𝑓(−𝑥) = −𝑓(𝑥) and 𝑓(𝑥 + 2) = 𝑓(𝑥)
Now, 𝑓(𝑥1 ) = 𝑓(𝑥2 )
∴ 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(0) and 𝑓(−2) = 𝑓(−2 + 2) = 𝑓(0)
⇒ 𝑥13 − 1 = 𝑥23 − 1
Now, 𝑓(0) = 𝑓(−2) = −𝑓(2) = −𝑓(0)
⇒ 𝑥13 = 𝑥23
⇒ 2𝑓(0) = 0 ⇒ 𝑓(0) = 0
⇒ 𝑥1 = 𝑥2
∴ 𝑓(4) = 𝑓(2) = 𝑓(0) = 0
∴ 𝑓(𝑥) is one-one. Also, it is onto as range of 𝑓 = 𝑅
349 (c)
Hence, it is a bijection. 1
342 (d) We observe that 2 is not defined for 𝑥 = ± 6
𝑥 −36
Given 𝑓(𝑥) = [𝑥] and 𝑔(𝑥) = |𝑥| 𝑥−1
8 8 8
Also, √log 0.4 ( ) is a real number, if
𝑥+5
Now, 𝑓 (𝑔 ( )) = 𝑓 ( ) = [ ] = 1
5 5 5 𝑥−1
8 8 0< ≤1
And 𝑔 (𝑓 (− )) = 𝑔 ([− ]) = 𝑔(−2) = 2 𝑥 + +5
5 5

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𝑥−1 𝑥−1 ∴ ϕ(𝑥) = 𝑥 for all 𝑥 ∈ [0, ∞)
⇒0< and ≤1
𝑥+5 𝑥+5 356 (b)
6 Since 𝑓(𝑥) is defined for 𝑥 ∈ [0, 1]. Therefore,
⇒ (𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 5) > 0 and 1 − ≤1
𝑥+5 𝑓(2 𝑥 + 3) exists if
6 3
⇒ (𝑥 < −5 or 𝑥 > 1) and − ≤0 0 ≤ 2 𝑥 + 3 ≤ 1 ⇒ − ≤ 𝑥 ≤ −1 ⇒ 𝑥 ∈ [−3/2, −1]
𝑥+5 2
⇒ (𝑥 < −5 or 𝑥 > 1) and 𝑥 + 5 > 0 358 (a)
⇒ (𝑥 < −5 or 𝑥 > 1) and 𝑥 > −5 𝑓𝑜𝑔(−1) = 𝑓{𝑔(−1)}
Hence, domain of 𝑓(𝑥) = (1, ∞) − {6} = 𝑓(−7) = 5 − 49 = −44
350 (b) 359 (a)
Given, 𝑓(𝑥) = log 2 (log 3 (log 4 𝑥)) We have,
We know, log 𝑎 𝑥 is defined, if 𝑥 > 0 2
𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑒 −𝑥
2

For 𝑓(𝑥) to be defined. 𝑓(𝑥) = 2 2 for all 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅

log 3 log 4 𝑥 > 0, log 4 𝑥 > 0 and 𝑥 > 0 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑒 −𝑥
Clearly, 𝑓(−𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) for all 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅
⇒ log 4 𝑥 > 30 = 1, 𝑥 > 40 = 1and 𝑥 > 0
So, 𝑓 is a many-one function
⇒ 𝑥 > 4, 𝑥 > 1 and 𝑥 > 0 2
⇒ 𝑥>4 Also, 𝑒 𝑥 > 𝑒 −𝑥 2 > 0
351 (c) So, 𝑓(𝑥) attains only positive values
Consequently, range of ≠ 𝑅
We have,
−3𝑥 + 9, if 𝑥 < 2 Hence, 𝑓 is many-one into function
𝑥 − 3, if 2 ≤ 𝑥 < 3 360 (c)
𝑓(𝑥) = { Let 𝑥, 𝑦 ∈ 𝑁 such that 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑦)
𝑥 − 1, if 3 ≤ 𝑥 < 4
3𝑥 − 9, if 𝑥 ≥ 4 ⇒ 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1 = 𝑦2 + 𝑦 + 1
−3𝑥 + 6, if 𝑥 < 1 ⇒ (𝑥 − 𝑦)(𝑥 + 𝑦 + 1) = 0
𝑥 − 2, if 1 ≤ 𝑥 < 2 ⇒ 𝑥 = 𝑦 or 𝑥 = (−𝑦 − 1) ∉ 𝑁
∴ 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥 + 1) = { ∴ 𝑓 one-one.
𝑥, if 2 ≤ 𝑥 < 3
3𝑥 − 6, if 𝑥 ≥ 3 Also, 𝑓 is not onto.
Clearly, 𝑔(𝑥) is neither even nor odd. Also, 𝑔(𝑥) is not a 361 (c)
periodic function The period of the function in option (a) is 2. The period
352 (b) of the function in option (b) is 24.
We have, The period of the function in option (c) is 2π.
𝑓 ∶ [2, ∞) → 𝐵 such that 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 4 𝑥 + 5 362 (a)
Since 𝑓 is a bijection. Therefore, 𝐵 = Range of 𝑓 We have,
Now, 𝑓(𝑥) = √3 sin 𝑥 + cos 𝑥 + 4
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 5 = 5 = (𝑥 − 2)2 + 1 for all 𝑥 ∈ ⇒ 𝑓(𝑥) = 2(sin 𝑥 cos 𝜋/6 + cos 𝑥 sin 𝜋/6) + 4
[2, ∞) ⇒ 𝑓(𝑥) = 2 sin(𝑥 + 𝜋/6) + 4
⇒ 𝑓(𝑥) ≥ 1 for all 𝑥 ∈ [2, ∞) ⇒ Range of 𝑓 = [1, ∞) Clearly, 𝑓(𝑥) will be a bijection, if sin(𝑥 + 𝜋/6) is a
Hence, 𝐵 = [1, ∞) bijection
353 (d) Now,
Given, 𝑅 = {(𝑥, 𝑦): 4𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 20}. sin(𝑥 + 𝜋/6) is a bijection
Since, 𝑅 is a relation on 𝑁, therefore 𝑥, 𝑦 are the ⇒ −𝜋/2 ≤ 𝑥 + 𝜋/6 ≤ 𝜋/2
elements of 𝑁. But in options (a) and (b) elements are ⇒ −2𝜋/3 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 𝜋/3
not natural numbers and option (c) does not satisfy the ⇒ 𝑥 ∈ [−2𝜋/3, 𝜋/3]
given relation 4𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 20. For 𝑥 ∈ [−2/3𝜋, 𝜋/3], we have
354 (b) −1 ≤ sin(𝑥 + 𝜋/6) ≤ 1
Since the function 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 given by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 5 is a ⇒ −2 ≤ 2 sin(𝑥 + 𝜋/6) ≤ 2
bijection. Therefore, 𝑓 −1 exists ⇒ −2 + 4 ≤ 2 sin(𝑥 + 𝜋/6) + 4 ≤ 2 + 4
Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑦. Then, ⇒ 2 ≤ 𝑓(𝑥) ≤ 6
𝑥3 + 5 = 𝑦 ⇒ Range of 𝑓(𝑥) = [2, 6]
⇒ 𝑥 = (𝑦 − 5)1/3 [∵ 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑦 ⇔ 𝑥 = 𝑓 −1 (𝑦)] Hence, 𝐴 = [−2𝜋/3, 𝜋/3] and 𝐵 = [2, 6]
Hence, 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) = (𝑥 − 5)1/3 363 (c)
355 (a) We have,
We have, 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 3 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 7
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥, 𝑔(𝑥) = |𝑥| for all 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅 ∴ 𝑔(𝑓(𝑥)) = 𝑔(2𝑥 + 3) = (2𝑥 + 3)2 + 7
Now, Now,
[ϕ(𝑥) − 𝑓(𝑥)]2 + [ϕ(𝑥) − 𝑔(𝑥)]2 = 0 𝑔(𝑓(𝑥)) = 8
⇒ ϕ(𝑥) − 𝑓(𝑥) = 0 and ϕ(𝑥) − 𝑔(𝑥) = 0 ⇒ (2𝑥 + 3)2 + 7 = 8
⇒ ϕ(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) and ϕ(𝑥) = 𝑔(𝑥) ⇒ (2𝑥 + 3)2 = 1
⇒ 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑔(𝑥) = ϕ(𝑥) ⇒ 2𝑥 + 3 = ±1 ⇒ 2𝑥 = −4, −2 ⇒ 𝑥 = −1, −2
But, 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥, for all 𝑥 ≥ 0 [∵ |𝑥| = 364 (c)
𝑥 for all 𝑥 ≥ 0] We have,

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𝑥−3 Now,
𝑓(𝑥) = sin−1 ( ) − log(4 − 𝑥) = 𝑔(𝑥) + ℎ(𝑥)
2 𝑓(3) = 7−3 𝑃0 , 𝑓(4) = 3 𝑃1 = 3 and 𝑓(5) = 2 𝑃2 = 2
𝑥−3 Hence, range of 𝑓 = {1, 2, 3}
where 𝑔(𝑥) = sin−1 ( ) and ℎ(𝑥) = − log(4 − 𝑥)
2 372 (c)
now, 𝑔(𝑥) is defined for We have,
𝑥−3 2 − φ′ (𝑥)
−1 ≤ ≤ 1 ⇒ −2 ≤ 𝑥 − 3 ≤ 2 ⇒ 1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 5 𝑓(𝑥) = log1.7 { } , where φ(𝑥)
2 𝑥+1
and, ℎ(𝑥) is defined for 4 − 𝑥 > 0 ⇒ 𝑥 < 4
𝑥3 3 2 3
So, domain of 𝑓(𝑥) = [1, 5] ∩ [−∞, 4) = [1, 4) = − 𝑥 − 2𝑥 +
365 (a) 3 2 2
1−𝑥 For 𝑓(𝑥) to be defined, we must have
Let 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) = [∵ 𝑥 ≠ −1] 2 − φ′(𝑥)
1+𝑥
1−𝑦 > 0, 𝑥 ≠ −1
⇒ 𝑥= 𝑥+1
2
1+𝑦 2 − (𝑥 − 3𝑥 − 2)
1−𝑥 ⇒ > 0, 𝑥 ≠ −1
∴ 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) = = 𝑓(𝑥) 3𝑥 + 1
2
1+𝑥 𝑥 − 3𝑥 − 4
366 (b) ⇒ < 0, 𝑥 ≠ −1
𝑥+1
𝑥+59 (𝑥 − 4)(𝑥 + 1)
Since, 3𝑓(𝑥) + 2𝑓 ( ) = 10𝑥 + 30 … (i)
𝑥−1 ⇒ < 0, 𝑥 ≠ −1
𝑥+59 𝑥+1
Replacing 𝑥 by in Eq. (i), we get ⇒ 𝑥 − 4 < 0, 𝑥 ≠ −1
𝑥−1
𝑥+59 40𝑥+560
∴ 3( ) + 2𝑓(𝑥) = …(ii) ⇒ 𝑥 < 4, 𝑥 ≠ −1
𝑥−1 𝑥−1
On solving Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get ⇒ 𝑥 ∈ (−∞, 4), 𝑥 ≠ −1 ⇒ 𝑥 ∈ (−∞, −1) ∪ (−1,4)
6𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 242 373 (a)
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) is defined, if
𝑥−1 4
6 × 49 − 28 − 242 −1 ≤ ≤1
∴ 𝑓(7) = =4 3 + 2 cos 𝑥
6 4
367 (c) ⇒ ≤1 [∵ 3 + 2 cos 𝑥 > 0]
2 𝑟 0, 𝑟 < 33 3 + 2 cos 𝑥
[ + ]={ ⇒ 4 ≤ 3 + 2 cos 𝑥
3 99 1, 𝑟 ≥ 33 1 𝜋 𝜋
98 32 98
2 𝑟 2 𝑟 2 𝑟 ⇒ cos 𝑥 ≥ ⇒ 2𝑛𝜋 − ≤ 𝑥 ≤ , 𝑛 ∈ 𝑍
∴ ∑[ + ] = ∑[ + ] + ∑ [ + ] 2 6 6
3 99 3 99 3 99 374 (c)
𝑟=0 𝑟=0 𝑟=33
= 0 + 66 = 66 The period of the function in (a) is 2. The period of the
368 (b) function in (b) is 24. The period of the function in (c) is
We have, Domain (𝑓) = [0, 1] 2𝜋
∴ 𝑓(3𝑥 2 ) is defined, if 375 (a)
0 ≤ 3𝑥 2 ≤ 1 𝑅 = {(𝑎, 𝑏): 1 + 𝑎𝑏 > 0}
1 1 It is clear that the given relation on 𝑆 is reflexive,
⇒ 0 ≤ 𝑥 2 ≤ ⇒ |𝑥| ≤ ⇒ 𝑥 ∈ [−1/√3, 1/√3] symmetric but not transitive.
3 √3 377 (a)
369 (d)
𝜋 We have,
sin 𝑥 − √3 cos 𝑥 = 2 sin (𝑥 − ) 𝑓(𝑥) = max{(1 − 𝑥), 2, (1 + 𝑥)}
3
𝜋 For 𝑥 ≤ −1, we find that
Since, −2 ≤ 2 sin (𝑥 − ) ≤ 2
3 1 − 𝑥 ≥ 2, and 1 − 𝑥 ≥ 1 + 𝑥
𝜋
⇒ −1 ≤ 1 + 2 sin (𝑥 − ) ≤ 3 ∴ Max{(1 − 𝑥), 2, (1 + 𝑥)} = 1 − 𝑥
3 For −1 < 𝑥 < 1, we find that
∴ Range of 𝑆 = [−1, 3]
0 < 1 − 𝑥 < 2, and 0 < 1 + 𝑥 < 2
370 (b)
∴ Max{(1 − 𝑥), (1 + 𝑥)} = 2
Given,
For 𝑥 ≥ 1, we observe that
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑒 𝑥 and 𝑔(𝑥) = log 𝑒 𝑥
1 + 𝑥 ≥ 2, 1 + 𝑥 > 1 − 𝑥
Now, 𝑓{𝑔(𝑥)} = 𝑒 log𝑒 𝑥 = 𝑥 ∴ Max{(1 − 𝑥), 2, (1 + 𝑥)} = 1 + 𝑥
And 𝑔{𝑓(𝑥)} = log 𝑒 𝑒 𝑥 = 𝑥 1 − 𝑥, 𝑥 ≤ −1
∴ 𝑓{𝑔(𝑥)} = 𝑔{𝑓(𝑥)} Hence, 𝑓(𝑥) = {2, −1 < 𝑥 < 1
371 (a) 1 + 𝑥, 𝑥 ≥ 1
The function 𝑓(𝑥) = 7−𝑥 𝑃𝑥−3 is defined only if 𝑥 is an NOTE
integer satisfying the following inequalities: 𝑆𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑎𝑑𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑡𝑜 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑙𝑒𝑚 𝑏𝑦 𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑔
(i)7 − 𝑥 ≥ 0 (ii)𝑥 − 3 ≥ 0 (iii)7 − 𝑥 ≥ 𝑥 − 3 𝑦 = 1 − 𝑥, 𝑦 = 2 and 𝑦 = 1 + 𝑥
Now, 378 (d)
7−𝑥 ≥0⇒𝑥 ≤7 θ
Period of sin = 6𝜋
𝑥−3 ≥0 ⇒𝑥 ≥3 }⇒3 ≤𝑥 ≤ 5 3
θ
7−𝑥 ≥ 𝑥−3⇒ 𝑥 ≤5 And period of cos = 4𝜋
2
Hence, the required domain is {3, 4, 5}
∴ Period of 𝑓(𝑥) = LCM(6𝜋, 4𝜋) = 12𝜋

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379 (b) We have
To make 𝑓(𝑥) an odd function in the interval [−1,1], 2 if 𝑛 = 3𝑘, 𝑘∈𝑍
we re-define 𝑓(𝑥) as follows: 𝑓(𝑛) = { 10 if 𝑛 = 3𝑘 + 1, 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍
𝑓(𝑥), 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1 0 if 𝑛 = 3𝑘 + 2, 𝑘∈𝑍
𝑓(𝑥) = { For 𝑓(𝑛) > 2, we take 𝑛 = 3𝑘 + 1, 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍
−𝑓(−𝑥), −1 ≤ 𝑥 < 0
⇒ 𝑓(𝑥) ⇒ 𝑛 = 1, 4, 7
𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + sin 𝑥 − cos 𝑥 + log(1 + |𝑥|), 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1 ∴ Required set {𝑛 ∈ 𝑍; 𝑓(𝑛) > 2} = {1, 4, 7}
={
−(𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − sin 𝑥 − cos 𝑥 + log(1 + |𝑥|), −1 ≤ 𝑥 <386
0 (b)
2𝑥−1
⇒ 𝑓(𝑥) Let 𝑦=
𝑥+5
𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + sin 𝑥 − cos 𝑥 + log(1 + |𝑥|) , 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1 5𝑦 + 1
={ 2 ⇒ 𝑥=
−𝑥 + 𝑥 + sin 𝑥 + cos 𝑥 − log(1 + |𝑥|), −1 ≤ 𝑥 < 0 2−𝑦
Thus, the odd extension of 𝑓(𝑥) to the interval [−1, 1] 5𝑥 +1
is ∴ 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) = ,𝑥 ≠ 2
2−𝑥
−𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + sin 𝑥 + cos 𝑥 − log(1 + |𝑥|) 387 (b)
380 (b) We have,
We have, 𝑓(𝑎 + 𝑥) = 𝑏 + [𝑏 3 + 1 − 3𝑏 2 𝑓(𝑥) + 3𝑏{𝑓(𝑥)}2 −
𝑔(𝑥) = 1 + √𝑥 and 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)) = 3 + 2√𝑥 + 𝑥 {𝑓(𝑥)}3 ]1/3 for all 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅
Now, ⇒ 𝑓(𝑎 + 𝑥) = 𝑏 + [1 + {𝑏 − 𝑓(𝑥)}3 ]1/3 for all 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅
𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)) = 3 + 2√𝑥 + 𝑥 ⇒ 𝑓(𝑎 + 𝑥) − 𝑏 = [1 − {𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑏}3 ]1/3 for all 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅
2 ⇒ 𝑔(𝑎 + 𝑥) = [1 − {𝑔(𝑥)}3 ]1/3 for all 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅,
⇒ 𝑓(𝑔 (𝑥)) = 2 + (1 + √𝑥)
Where 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) − 1
⇒ 𝑓(𝑔 (𝑥)) = 2 + {𝑔(𝑥)}2 ⇒ 𝑔(2𝑎 + 𝑥) = [1 − {𝑔(𝑎 + 𝑥)}3 ]1/3 for all 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅
⇒ 𝑓(𝑥) = 2 + 𝑥 2 3 1/3
381 (a) ⇒ 𝑔(2𝑎 + 𝑥) = [1 − {1 − (𝑔(𝑥)) }] for all 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅
2𝑥
Given, 𝑓(𝑥) = tan−1 = 2 tan−1 𝑥(𝑥 2 < 1) ⇒ 𝑔(2𝑎 + 𝑥) = 𝑔(𝑥) for all 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅
1−𝑥 2
Since, 𝑥 ∈ (−1, 1). ⇒ 𝑓(2𝑎 + 𝑥) − 1 = 𝑓(𝑥) − 1 for all 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅
𝜋 𝜋 ⇒ 𝑓(2𝑎 + 𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) for all 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅
−1
⇒ tan 𝑥 ∈ (− , ) ⇒ 𝑓(𝑥) is periodic with period 2𝑎
4 4
𝜋 𝜋 388 (a)
⇒ 2 tan−1 𝑥 ∈ (− , )
2 2 Given a set containing 10 distinct elements and 𝑓: 𝐴 →
𝜋 𝜋
So, 𝑓(𝑥) ∈ (− , ) 𝐴 Now, every element of a set 𝐴 can make image in 10
2 2
382 (a) ways.
Let 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 ∴ Total number of ways in which each element make
images = 1010 .
∴ 𝑥 = 𝑦1/3
389 (c)
⇒ 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) = 𝑥 1/3 𝑝 𝑝
∴ 𝑓 −1 (8)
= (8)1/3 = 2 Given, 𝑓 ( ) = √𝑝2 − 𝑞 2 , for = 𝒬
𝑞 𝑞
383 (d) 𝑝
If 𝑝 < 𝑞, then 𝑓 ( ) is not real.
For 𝑓(𝑥) = log (𝑥−2) 2 to exist, we must have 𝑞
𝑥+3 Hence, statement I is false while statement II is true.
𝑥−2 𝑥−2 390 (c)
> 0 and ≠ 1 ⇒ 𝑥 < −3 or 𝑥 > 2, 𝑥 ≠ −3, 𝑥
𝑥+3 𝑥+3 The given function is defined when 𝑥 2 − 1; 3 + 𝑥 > 0
≠2 and 3 + 𝑥 ≠ 1
1
For 𝑔(𝑥) = 2 to exist, we must have ⇒ 𝑥 2 > 1; 3 + 𝑥 > 0 and 𝑥 ≠ −2
√𝑥 −9
𝑥 2 − 9 > 0 ⇒ 𝑥 < −3 or 𝑥 > 0 ⇒ −1 > 𝑥 > 1; 𝑥 > −3, 𝑥 ≠ −2
Thus, 𝑓(𝑥) and 𝑔(𝑥) both do not exist for −3 < 𝑥 < 2, ∴ Domain of the function is
i.e., for 𝑥 ∈ (−3, 2) 𝐷𝑓 = (−3, −2) ∪ (−2, −1) ∪ (1, ∞)
384 (b) 391 (a)
For choice (a), we have Let 𝑥 and 𝑦 be two arbitary elements in 𝐴.
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑦), 𝑥, 𝑦 ∈ [−1, ∞) Then, 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑦)
⇒ |𝑥 + 1| = |𝑦 + 1| ⇒ 𝑥 + 1 = 𝑦 + 1 ⇒ 𝑥 = 𝑦 𝑥−2 𝑦−2
⇒ =
So, 𝑓 is an injection 𝑥−3 𝑦−3
For choice (b), we have ⇒ 𝑥𝑦 − 3𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 6 = 𝑥𝑦 − 3𝑦 − 2𝑥 + 6
5 5 ⇒ 𝑥 = 𝑦, ∀ 𝑥, 𝑦 ∈ 𝐴
g(2) = and g(1/2) = So, 𝑓 is an injective mapping.
2 2
1 Again, let 𝑦 be an orbitary element in 𝐵, then
∴ 2 ≠ but 𝑔(2) = g(1/2) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑦
2
Thus, g(𝑥) is not injective 𝑥−2
It can be easily seen that choices ℎ(𝑥) and 𝑘(𝑥) are ⇒ =𝑦
𝑥−3
injections 3𝑦 − 2
⇒ 𝑥=
385 (b) 𝑦−1

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3𝑦−2
Clearly, ∀ 𝑦 ∈ 𝐵, 𝑥 = ∈ 𝐴, thus for all 𝑦 ∈ 𝐵 there 400 (b)
𝑦−1
sin−1 (𝑥 − 3) is defined for the values of 𝑥 satisfying
exists 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 such that
3𝑦 − 2 −1 ≤ 𝑥 − 3 ≤ 1 ⇒ 2 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 4 ⇒ 𝑥 ∈ [2, 4]
3𝑦 − 1 −2 √9 − 𝑥 2 is defined for the values of 𝑥 satisfying
𝑦−1
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓 ( )= =𝑦 9 − 𝑥 2 ≥ 0 ⇒ 𝑥 2 − 9 ≤ 0 ⇒ 𝑥 ∈ [−3, 3]
𝑦−1 3𝑦 − 2
−3
𝑦−1 Also, √9 − 𝑥 2 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 = ± 3
Thus, every element in the codomain 𝐵 has its Hence, the domain of 𝑓(𝑥) is [2, 4] ∩ [−3, 3] −
preimage in 𝐴, so 𝑓 is a surjection. Hence, 𝑓: 𝐴 → 𝐵 is {−3, 3} = [2, 3)
bijective.
392 (a)
𝑓(𝑥) is defined for
3
sin 𝑥 ≥ 0 and 1 + √sin 𝑥 ≠ 0
⇒ sin 𝑥 ≥ 0 and sin 𝑥 ≠ −1
⇒ sin 𝑥 ≥ 0
⇒ 𝑥 ∈ [2𝑛 𝜋, (2𝑛 + 1)𝜋], 𝑛 ∈ 𝑍
⇒ 𝐷 = U [2𝑛 𝜋, (2𝑛 + 1)𝜋]
𝑛∈𝑍
Clearly, it contains the interval (0, 𝜋)
393 (a)
𝑓𝑜𝑔 (𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)) = 𝑓(3𝑥 − 1) = 3(3𝑥 − 1)2 + 2
= 27𝑥 2 − 18𝑥 + 5
394 (c)
We have,
𝑥, 𝑥 ≥ 0 0, 𝑥 ≥ 0
|𝑥| = { ⇒ |𝑥| − 𝑥 = {
𝑥, 𝑥 < 0 −2 𝑥, 𝑥 < 0
1
Hence, domain of 𝑓(𝑥) is the set of all negative
√|𝑥|−𝑥
real numbers, i.e., (−∞, 0)
396 (c)
𝑔𝑜𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑔{𝑓(𝑥)}
= 𝑔(𝑥 2 − 1) = (𝑥 2 − 1 + 1)2
= 𝑥4
397 (d)
𝑛

∑ 𝑓(𝑟) = 𝑓(1) + 𝑓(2) + 𝑓(3) + ⋯ + 𝑓(𝑛)

𝑟=1
= 𝑓(1) + 2𝑓(1) + 3𝑓(1)+. . . 𝑛𝑓(𝑛)
[since, 𝑓(𝑥 + 𝑦) = 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑓(𝑦)]
= (1 + 2 + 3+. . . +𝑛)𝑓(1) = 𝑓(1) ∑ 𝑛
7𝑛(𝑛 + 1)
= [∵ 𝑓(1) = 7 (given)]
2
398 (c)
Given, 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 4 − 13𝑥 2 + 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 is divisible by
(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 − 1)
∴ 𝑓(2) = 2(2)4 − 13(2)2 + 𝑎(2) + 𝑏 = 0
⇒ 2𝑎 + 𝑏 = 20 … (i)
And 𝑓(1) = 2(1)4 − 13(1)2 + 𝑎 + 𝑏 = 0
⇒ 𝑎 + 𝑏 = 11 … (ii)
On solving Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
𝑎 = 9, 𝑏=2
399 (d)
𝑥 2 −8
We have, 𝑓(𝑥) = 2
𝑥 +2
Clearly, 𝑓(−𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥). Therefore, 𝑓 is not one-one
Again,
𝑥2 − 8 10
𝑓(𝑥) = 2 =1− 2
𝑥 +2 𝑥 +2
⇒ 𝑓(𝑥) < 1 for all 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅
⇒ Range 𝑓 ≠ Co-domain of 𝑓 𝑖. 𝑒. 𝑅.
So, 𝑓 is not onto. Hence, 𝑓 is neither one-one nor onto

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