12. CS.A. or area of 4 walls of a cube = 4(side) 13, TS.A. of a cuboid = 2(lb + bh + hl) i“ 14, TS.A. of a cube = 6 x (side)? 15, Volume of a right circular cylinder = nh 16. CS.A. of right circular cylinder = 2nrh 17. TS.A. of right circular cylinder = 2nr(h + r) 18, Volume of cone =Larh 19. C.S.A. of a cone = nrl, where I= slant height = Vi? +1? 20. T.S.A. of a cone = ar(l +r) 4 21. Volume of sphere = rule 2 22, Surface area of sphere = 4nr” 23, Volume of hemisphere = rae 24, C.S.A. of hemisphere = 2nr” 25, TS.A. of hemisphere = nr? 26. a ‘Area of sector = nr? eo where Os the central angle 27. Length of are = 2nr-==— PREVIOUS YEARS ISC (XII) QUESTIONS Question 1, The sum of 3 positive numbers is 26. The second number is 3 times as large as the first. If the sum of te squares of these numbers is least, find the numbers. (am)) a the Answer: 4,12, 10, Question 2. ABC is’ rightangled triangle of given area S. Find the sides of the triangle for which the area of the circumscrt: | Sol circle is on Answer: p=b. 2 ‘Question 3. An open box with a square base is to be made out of a given quantity of cardboard whose area is ¢ units. Stax 3 that the maximum volume of the box is © units. (2002, 08) Question 4. Three numbers are given whose sum is 180 and the ratio of the first two of them is 1 : 2. If the product oft numbers is erestest, find the numbers, oti Answer: 40, 60, 80, Guestion 5. A closed circular cylinder has a volume of 2156 cm®, What will be the radius of its base so that its tata sure? is minimum? Find the height of the cylinder when its total surface area is minimum. 200 Answer: r=7,h= 14, Question 6. Prove that the area of a right-angled triangle of a given hypotenuse is maximum when the triangle is isosceS F poe Poeston 7. Find the volume ofthe largest cone that canbe inscribed in a sphere of radius en) 8 ann?) answer: 3 (nr), a7 OR) Question &. Show thatthe semivertca aie ofa cone of maximum volume and of given slant height is tan“! vB. cel Question re of length 20 mn is avallable to fence off a flower bed in the form of a sector.of a circle, What must bl the circle, if we wish to have a flower bed with the greatest possible area? e0e Answer: Sm. Qu, ee 10. A closed right ciculer cylinder has volume ®89.cu, units. Find the radius and the height of the eyinde™® that the total surface area is minimurn eo) >»& APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES | [JP | sun: Ler ras and height of a cylinder be r and h units, = mh = 539 0, url surface area = 2nr (h +1) Aw 2ar( 35 or) 598 7 2 oe 2a pe (Eliminate h) dA __ 539 Sa-S+4ar=0 i dr r? (For max. or min.) 2 @A _ 2x539 CA ‘ ote +42 = [53 = ar? r a a2)” 2n > 0 an a : 7 Hence, Ais minimum at r= = and ht = 7. Ane pourt weston 11. Ifthe sum of the lengths of the hypotenuse and a side of a right-angled triangle is given, show that the area of triangle is maximum when the angle between them is 7/3, 2011) a ‘olution : Let the length of hypotenuse be a units and the base is b units and let the angle between these sides is 0. - a By Pythagoras theorem, AB = Va? ~ (say) (Given) Area A= 3 xb AB fxd? — 07. : > : (Eliminate a and $ is constant) * [cs - 0 1 (5252 - 2863 & _ 2 (aps? - 686%) = 0 2 = G88? - 2809) > a 2 s wie For maxima or minima © = 0, Therefore, 2bs? = 650? => b= ela Hence Proved. of 1 cim/at the top and on each side and a tf id be the dimensions of the page so that the printed area will be maximum? 012]WE) vaTsaisc HANDBOOK of MATHEMATICS Class XII Solution : Let x cm and y em be the dimensions of the printed page. ———— 7 xy = 80 +=-(i) (Given) tem Printed area A=(x-2) (y-2.5) = — 25 = 9 (2-8 10.5 fiom 7 \ x 2, x 160 9 (For max. or min.) 2 = (Neglecting x=» @a) ___ 320 dx? Jeug 8X 8X8 : 80 ‘Ais maximum atx = 8, From (i), we get Y= —g = 10 m Hence, dimensions are 8 m and 10 m. Aas owen 113. Find the maximum volume of the cylinder which can be inscribed in a sphere of radius 3V3 cm. 20 Solution’: Let h be the height of the cylinder and R be the radius of the cylinder. Then, V= Rh : Whe 2 iia +R° = 27 R° =27-— 4 me 4 ia 8 V = wh| 27-7 |= xl 27h - (Eliminate R) 3h is => 7 =27 > h=6 (Neglectingh ) ax(-S26) <0 th=6 4 Vis maximum at h= 6. Hence, Ving = % x 6 (27 S 38) =108nem?, wh Question 14. A wire of length 50 m is cut into two pieces. One piece of the wire is bent in the shape of a square and) other in the shape of a circle. What should be the length of each piece so that the combined area of these two is rile pe Solution a 0m ———+ | J. i. won 5 = Let length of one piece =x m. : . Length of other piece = (50~x) m. 2nr=x Again let each side of square be a m and radius of circle be r m. ‘ Ques the g SolutAPPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES | §IECEAI) aaeea combined aes, A= A; +A, = GO)" ~2(50 - ;, =260= 29) , 28 | For maxima or minima #4 16 an & 5 Qe 7 SOn-mx=4x => (n44)x = 50n = x = SOF n+4 2 2 SOn 24250, Mi = 24250 > Minima at x = SOF 1. Hence, length of two pieces are 50 ~ 50% ang SO" ,, jg, 200 4.4 50m mt4 44 n+4 R44 Ans. 115, Show that the rectangle of maximum perimeter which can-be inscribed in a circle of radius 10 cm is a ‘square de -10V2 cm. (2015) ution : Let the length and breadth of a rectangle ABCD be x andy, inscribed in a circle of radius 10 cm. Since ZB = 90° ‘ABC is a semicircle with AC hypotenuse as the diameter. y = CB = ¥400 - x? Perimeter P = 2(x + y) = 2x + ¥400 - x?) @_ af Tea | 20.400 ~ x7 | Formaxima or minima 2 = 0, Therefore, 2 fe 800 entoe [ a? (400 - x99? y = ¥400 - (.0V2) = 200 = Hence, square with side 10/2 has the max. area. Duetion 16. A rectangle is inscribed in a semicircle of radius with one of its sides on the diameter ofthe semicir! a dimensions of the rectangle to get maximum area, Also, find the maximum area. lution: Let 2x and y are respectively the length and breadth of a rectangle inscribed in a semicircle of radius r (given). Inright triangle ODE, => Pismax. atx = 10V2. y=ED SS 2=AP 2 ag? - x4) For max. or min., ==0 z ped - ge 7 Str? ~ 6x7), Therefore, a? ) ae =(P ox} <0 2.) Maxima at x = 75°TA) VATSALisc Hanosoox of MATHEMATICS Class XI z ave ip Poe lea tan yey ng em Gee Hence, square has the maximum area, Maximum area = 2xVr? sol Any, _Qusc6T"17. Show thatthe surface area ofa closed cubold with square base and given volume is minimum when its, Cube aon Solution sLet the length and breadth of square base are of x units each and height of the closed box is units. x Vexxxxy=xy +i) (Given) {et Abe the surface aren of eid l Aa2x-xex-¥ ty +X) = 24 dy As rx? [Use (1 i) aA av ws Rend Formaxima or minima, “= 9 ie, 4x - 4 = av = xevVie Que & xe 2, 2, Ke, aM (*4) we geden>0 sol ac x a? aay x i « Aisminimum, when =V=> 2=%y = Length=Breadth=Height = itis a cube with minimum area, Hence Prov Cuspon 18. A cone is insibedn'a sphere of radius 12 cm.'If the volume of the cone is maximum, find it a oui Solution : v 2 arth = 3 ntiag x?)02 4x) X > v= dnaa-s024x? wii mya 2)? +2024 x02 - x9] 1 = ym + 29124 - 2x -12- x] SS (12 + x2 - 3x) For maxima or minima, g =0 wwe a naae (e=-12 isnot admissil | So, fY -1 0-02-30 -302+%) 3 ‘ | ymt-24-6(4)] <0. Vis maximum atx= 4 a Maximum height = 12 +x=12+4=16 em. aAPPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES | [JUTE] ical angle w/4 at the uniform rate of 2 cms lant height of the water level is 4 cm, find t ration 19. Water is dripping out from a conical , through a tiny whole at the vertex of the suerte ofthe slant height of the water, ce wv solution ¢ I funnel of semi. bottom. When the st nt rate o [2018] (Given as volume is decreasing) Wot axa? a 8 a ‘a > . dl -2x6V2 an (2) Se tong at og So, slant height is decreasing at the rate of 22 cm/sec, an Ans. J Guestion 20. Find the points on the curve y = 4x3 ~ 3x + 5 at which the equation of the tangent is parallel to the x-axis, [2018] Solution : yaad 3x45 i Y yo? ot mia? -3 Slope of x-axis = 0 Since, tangent is parallel to the x-axis. aaa ys pated Slope of tangent at a point on the curve = Slope of x-axis 12x7-3=0 = & ( Ans. ‘Gestion 21. Find the approximate change in the volume ‘V’ of a cube of side x metres caused by decreasing the ae olution :To find : Ea x 100 Given : & 100 =-1 (7 19 decrease) x Now, ver (xis the side of cube) aa oe (opproximate change)HEED) VATSAL isc HanoB00k of MATHEMATICS Class XIL 2 2 = 3 ge W100 = 2 ae x 100 vov Vv * = 8 309 = 2-8 ro = 3-0 a Approximate change in volume = 3% decrease. ig Question 22. Prove that the function f(x) = x° ~ 6x* + 12x + 5 is inereasing on R. en Soluti fe) =28 = 6x7 + 12x +5 FQ) = 3x7 - 12x + 12 FG) = 302 -4x+4)=3(¢-2)7>0 VxeR ‘Therefore, f(x) is an increasing function. Hence Prov Question 23. The volume of a closed rectangular metal box with a square base is 4096 cm®, The cost of polishing the ou J surface of the box is ® 4 per cm”, Epa the dimensions of the box for the minimum cost of polishing it. 08 Solution : Given, 4096, a Tet (2x) + (4x) fa) ‘Using (i) in Gi) x x 4096 on 2 4 LOX A096 _ 2, 16 © x z= dc 16 x 4096 nl a For maxima and m ima put, SE = 0 gives.” = 4096 => x=16 2 : PC _ 1g, 16x2%4096 _ 15 , 16% 2% 4096 , z < a? x 6) Therefore, minima at x = 16 em From (i), (16)"h= 4096 => h=16cem festion 24, A 13 m long ladder is leaning against a wall, touching the wall at a certain height from the ground level. bottom of the ladder is pulled away from the wall, along the ground, at the rate of 2m/sec. How fast is the height on the wa decreasing when the foot of the ladder is 5 m away from the wall? ol Solution : Given, & = 2m/sec When x=5m,y=12m Also, w+y?=169 & 4 ¥ . Bre a a 13m, @ 2xsxae2niaxt 0 Height i decreasing atthe wal of $ m/sec. Question 25. Find the point on the straight line 2x + 3y = 6, which is closest to the origin. eo Solution : Let point on 2x + 3y = 6 be (x,y) Dr x Distance of (x, y) from (0, 0) D a eee ye T=DP=x°+y* wel 2 rants (S24) 3 roa( 23) [Using (i in illAPPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES | [IFESU For max. of min. T= pur x= Zin > ( 38 13713 Ans. at the rate of 10 crv/sec. How fast is the volume of the cube increasing ‘Therefore, point is fon 26. The edge of a variable cube is incre: [2020] 00m and 1=5 cm Salution : Let be the edge of cube. Given, ¢ it = Wipd , w WL 325x10 a a ee Se HH Ge 7 750em° /see Ans. ‘Question 27.-Fre equation of tangent at (2, 3) on the curve y* = px? + q is y = 4x ~ 7. Find the values of ‘o' and ‘a’ aoe [2020] eee a ae (ny=4e-7 = m=4) p=2andq=~-7 Ans. fon 28. Show that the radius of a closed right circular cylinder of given surface area and maximum volume is ae e 220: 2 sine) (use (1 6n Gn =2nr+2nrh => Or=h = ie,, radius is equal to half of its height. Hence Proved. led triangle of given hypotenuse is maximum when the triangle Is isosceles. 29. Prove that the area of right-anel (2020)FESM| VATSALLISC HANDBOOK of MATHEMATICS Class XI ‘olution :Let p, b and h be the perpendicular, base and hypotenuse respectively of AABC. =v sp @ ii) P e Using ({) in Gi) to replace p, af A or => T T= Xan? = 463). For maxima and minima, T'=0 = 2bh? = 407, ~12b7) <0 Using (iv) in (i), 2b? = b? +p’ => Bap? => b=ep Hence, the triangle is isosceles. 3 Question 30. The function f(x) = “5 — x is decreasing in the interval @C10 (o) (=, =) 1,2) (d) (2, -1) U (1, 2) (2022) olution :(@) f(x) x = POe2-1 For increasing and decreasing FQ) =Oie,x=41 a 1 te, -L } & Ve as) jon 32. A person has manufactured a water tant | egeaien’ lured a water tank in the shape of a closed right circular cyl 4 vinder is 222 cubic unis. the eight and ; ee ia ¥ a nd radius of the cylinder be hand r, then pee (i) The height h in terms of radius r and the given volume will b | 539 539, 7 | n= 28 hy n= 538 | w Pi (n= Bo (ah = 339 | a (i) Let the total surace area of the closed cylindrical tank be S given by $ = 539. amr? 1 the total surface a rial tank be S given ; Ifthe total surface a of the tank is minimum, then the value of r will be tar=7 em (ire Vaan : r= 49.em ES Wor = em ‘ —_____ ha->ight of the tank h is equal to 7om (b) h= 14cm (c)h=28cm (d)h=2em (iv) The minimum total surface area of the tank $ will be (a) 231 sq. cm (b) 321 sq. cm (c) 230 sq. cm (d) 221 sq. cm “solution :() (b) Venrh = aS = ah 539 > n= 238 2ar* Gi) @ Given, $= 2 + nr? WS 8 4g r= da 539 _ 539%7%4 _ gem Gi @ As R= = aa 539 539, 22,49 (iv) (@ Given, $ = == + 2ar =F = 231sq.cm. anann APPLICATION oF oeRIvaTives | EES