deni didro

paradoqsi aqtiorze
Targmani frangulidan
iv. maWavarianisa

gamomcemlobisagan

deni didros wigni: `paradoqsi aqtiorze~ rusulad pirvelad gamovida 1882

w. grindinis TargmaniT. meore gamocema lunaCarskis winasityvaobiT daibeWda
1922 w. 1936 wels akademiis gamomcemlobam igi dabeWda didros TxzulebaTa U
tomSi. 1938 wels gamomcemloba `iskustvom~ `paradoqsi aqtiorze~ calke wignad
gamosca.
samwuxarod, qarTul enaze dRemde ar moipoveba arc erTi Targmani. amis
saWiroeba ki didia.
Jurnal `sabWoTa xelovnebis~ redaqciam mizanSewonilad dainaxa gamoeca
didi frangi klasikosis didros `paradoqsi~.
wigni frangulidan Targmna iv. maWavarianma.
komentarebi naTargmnia rusulidan, romelic darTuli aqvs 1938 wels
`iskustvos~ mier gamocemul `paradoqss~.

paradoqsi aqtiorze

pirveli mosaubre

modiT, nuRar ganvagrobT.

meore mosaubre
ratom?
pirveli

imitom, rom Txzuleba Tqveni megobrisa aris1

meore

da mere magas ra mniSvneloba aqvs?

pirveli

Zalian didi, ra saWiroa imiT damTavrdes Cveni saubari, rom wuni dasdoT an
Tqveni megobris niWs, an Cems msjelobas, da Crdili mohfinoT im karg azrs, romelic
SegidgeniaT imis, an Cem Sesaxeb.

meore
 es ar moxdeba, da kidec rom moxdes, araviTari Crdili ar daadgeba Cems imisadmi,
an Tqvendami megobrobas, romelic ufro arsebiTs Rirsebebzea damyarebuli.
pirveli

SeiZleba.

meore

me amaSi darwmunebuli var. iciT, vis momagonebT amJamad? erT Cems nacnob
dramturgs, romelic muxlmoyrili exveweboda Tavis satrfos, _ nu daeswrebi Cemi
piesis pirvel warmodgenaso.

pirveli

Wkviani kaci yofila Tqveni avtori da Tanac Tavmdabali

meore

eSinoda, - vai Tu kargad ar miiRos sazogadoebam Cemi piesa da satrfos gulic

damakargvinoso.

pirveli

SesaZlebelia, agrec momxdariyo.

meore

sazogadoebis winaSe Sercxvenili Cem sayvarelsac Sercxvenilad ar veCvenovo.

pirveli

rom rogorc naklebad pativcemulisaTvis siyvarulic ar Seemcirebina imis

satrfos. da Tqven es sacinlad migaCniaT!

meore

yovel SemTxvevaSi ase eCvena mis satrfos. loJaA aRebuli iqna; avtorma didaT
gaimarjva da erTma RmerTma icis ramdeni kocnes, aqes da ealersnen Semdeg.

pirveli

kidev ufro daajildoebdnen, Tu misi piesisTvis estvinaT.

meore

marTalsa brZanebT.

pirveli

2
 marTals mogaxsenebT da magradac vdgevar Cem naTqvamze.

meore

magrad ideqiT, Tanaxma gaxlavarT. magram gaxsovdeT, rom me qali ar var,

saWiro gaxlavT, rom amixsnaT Tqveni naTqvami.

pirveli
aucileblad?
meore

diaR aucileblad.
pirveli

me ki mgonia, rom gavCumde, isa sjobia, vidre SevniRbo Cemi azri.

meore

mjera.
pirveli

me mkacri viqnebi.

meore

swored magas moiTxovda Tqvengan Cemi megobari

pirveli

ho da, raki agrea, unda mogaxsenoT, rom naZaladevi stiliT aris dawerili
misi Txzuleba, bneliT, areuliT, RvlarWniliT, gacveTili azrebiT savse. waikiTxavs
didi msaxiobi da araferi miemateba mis sidiades; waikiTxavs uxeiro msaxiobi da
araferi daakldeba mis uxeirobas. pirovneba Tavis Tvisebebs iRebs bunebisagan;
bunebisgan aqvs miniWebuli agebuloba, xma, gansjis niWi, sisastike. bunebriv
niWierebis gansaviTareblad da srulsayofelad didebuli nimuSebis Seswavla
daexmareba, adamianis gulis cnoba, sazogadoebriv cxovrebis Segneba, rudunebiTi
Sroma, gamocdileba, da scenis miCveva. cariel mibaZviT msaxiobi SeiZleba ise
daxelovndes, rom xeirianad asrulebdes Tavis rolebs, magram verc rasme saqebsa
naxavT, verc rasme dasawuns imis TamaSSi...

meore

an yvelaferi dasawuni iqneba.

pirveli

rogorc geneboT. bunebis mier Seqmnili msaxiobi ki xSirad sazizRaria da

xandaxan sagangebo. xelovnebaSi, ra dargic gnebavT, es romelsac mxars uWeren
sul erTia, unda veridoT SuaTanobas. rac unda sastikad miiRos sazogadoebam
visime pirveli gamosvla, advili aris winaswari warmodgena misi momavali
gamarjvebisa. stvena da yiJina marto uvargiss Caaqrobs da rogor Sehqmnis buneba,
Tu xelovneba ar daexmara, didebul msaxiobs, radgan scenaze araferi xdeba
swored ise, rogorc bunebaSi, da dramatuli poemebi, yvela uklebliv, Sedgenilia
garkveuli principebis sistemis mixedviT. an rogor SeiZleba erTnairad aasrulos
erTi da igive roli orma gansxvavebulma msaxiobma, rodesac mwerlis uaRresad

3
cxad nawerSi, uaRresad mizustebul da energiulSi, sityvebi warmoadgenen, - da
mets verc SesZleben, marto, _ daaxloebiT niSnebs, romlebis moZraobas, iers,
kilos, saxes, Tvals, saWiro garemoebas avsebs da asaxierebs TamaSi. rodesac Tqven
gesmiT sityvebi.

..., ras daeZebs mand eg Tqveni xeli?

_ vsinjav Tqvens kabas, ukeTesis ar var mnaxveli... 2.

gaigebT rasme? arafers. kargad awon-dawoneT, rasac mogaxsenebT da

warmoidgineT, ramdenad xSirad moxdeba da adviladac rom or mosaubres eTqvas
erTi da igive sityva, da mofiqrebulic da saTqmelic ki sxvadasxva hqondeT.
amis magaliTsac axalve gaCvenebT da swored erTgvar sakvirvelebas
warmoadgens es magaliTi. es gaxlavT Tqveni megobris Txzuleba. aba hkiTxeT
frang msaxiobs, rogor moswons es Txzuleba? dageTanxmebaT _ Tavidan
bolomde swori ariso. _imave kiTxviT mimarTeT iglisel msaxiobs da isic
SemogficavT, - by God, 3 erTi winadadeba ar aris, rom Sesworeba sWirdebodes,
wminda saxareba aris scenisao. _ magram inglisuri komediis, an tragediis
weras saerTo TiTqmis araferi moepoveba frangul dramtul TxzulebaTa
werasTan, radgan TviT garrikis 4 azriT, vinc sagangebod warmogidgenT raime
scenas Seqspirisas, rasinis raime scenis pirvel sityvasac ver warmosTqvams
xeirianad: rasinis tkbilxmovani leqsi uxvdeba win, rogorc gveli exveva Tavze,
fexze, xelebze, mklavebze, akargvinebs yovel Tavisuflebas moZraobisas, da
cxadia, rom msaxiob frangs da msaxiob inglisels, romlebic erTmxriv
amtkiceben WeSmaritebas Tqveni avtoris Txzulebis debulebisas, ara gaegebaT
ra erTmaneTisa; cxadia, rom Teatris metad zogadi metad gaurkveveli
teqnikuri ena nebas aZlevs diametriulad erTimeoris mowinaaRmdege rwmenis
adamianebs aq aucileblobis sinaTle dainaxon. da magrad idgebiT, vidre odesme
mdgarxarT, Tqvens debulebaze: nu ganmartavT Tqvensas, Tu gindaT rom gagigon.

meore

maS Tqven ggoniaT, rom yvela TxzulebaSi, da metadre Cemi megobrobisaSi,

ori azri aris gansxvavebuli, orive erT da imave niSnebiT gamosaxuli, erTi
londonisaTvis da meore parizisaTvis?

pirveli

diaR, da amdenad cxadad emCneva am niSnebs es orazrovnoba, rom TviT

Tqveni megobaric ki ..... aklia gverdebi

xan aRtacebuli; xval swored im scenas waaxdenen, romelSi momxibvlelni

iyvnen dRes; da samagierod sagangeboni iqmnebian guSin saamrcxvinod Catarebul
scenaSi. sul sxva aris msaxiobi, romelic CafiqrebiT ignebs da iTvisebs Tavis
rols, adamianis bunebis dakvirvebiT ramdenime idealur nimuSis mibaZviT,
ocnebiT, mexsierebiT; es msaxiobi yovelTvis erTi da igive iqneba
sazogadoebisaTvis, yovel warmodgenaSi Tanasworad sruli da ucvleli; imas
winadve gazomili aqvs yvelaferi, kombinirebuli, Seswavlili, mofiqrebuli;
arc monotonoba, misi vnebaTa Relva marTeblulad midis win, droze iRgzneba
da droze qreba, mas aqvs dasawyisi, Sua adgili da dasaruli; magram erTi da
igive TamaSi aris yovelATvis, _ igive kilo, igive ieri, igive moZraoba. Tu am
msaxiobis TamaSSi, or warmodgenaSi, gansxvaveba aris rame, mxolod erTi: dRes
ufro kargi iyo, vidre guSin. am msaxiobma ar icis, _ dRes ase, da xval iseo;
sarke aris, romelic yovelTvis hsaxavs sagnebs da hsaxavs yovelTvis imave

4
sinamdviliT, sizustiT, imave ZaliT da simarTliT. kargi poetebiviT, bunebis
amouSretel wiaRSi eZebs Tavis simdidres, rom xelcarieli arsad darCes;
winaaRmdeg im poetisa, romelic metad Cqara aniavebs Tavis pirad simdidres.
gana SeiZleba iyos vinme ukeTesi Tavis TamaSiT, vidre kleroni5 magram aba
mihyeviT, daakvirdiT, SeiswavleT, da darwmunebuli darCebiT, magram meeqvse
warmodgenaze ukve zepirad icis yoveli wvrilmani Tavis TamaSisa,
mixvra_moxvrisa, rogoradac yoveli sityva Tavisi rolisa. eWvi ar aris:
modeli Sehqmna Tavis rolisa, romelsac cdilobda kidec Segueboda; eWvi ar
aris, metad didebuli iyo mis mier STasaxuli modeli, didi, sruli, unaklo,
istoriidan gamoisaxa es modeli, Tu imisma ocnebam Sehqmna, eg sul erTia,
kleroni ar aris es modeli. ra sust da knin STabeWdilebas moaxdenda
sazogadoebaze es modeli, marTla kleronis simaRlisa rom yofiliyo! rodesac
didi Sromis daxmarebiT miuaxlovdeboda xolme kleroni, ramdenadac ki
SeeZlo, Tavis ocnebis models, mzad iyo artisti magrad dasWideboda Tavis
ocnebas, wvrilmaniTac ki ar daerRvia misi mTlianoba, - es ubralo varjiSis
saqme iyo da mexsierebisa. rom genaxaT, Tavis rolis SeswavliT garTuli,
ramdenjerme wasZaxebdiT: _ kmara, qalbatono, Tqven ukve iciT!.. da pasuxadac
yovelTvis erTsa da igives miiRebdiT: _ scdebiT batono!... swored iseve,
rogorc dukenuas6 mouvida, romelsac xeli staca megobrebma da Sehyvira:
_kmara! ukeTesi mteri aris kargisa! kmara, Torem sul mTlad waaxdenT
yvelafers! _ `Tqven hxedavT ras vCadi, _ upasuxa daqanculma xelovanma
gakvirvebul mcodnes, - magram imas ki vera hxedavT, ra maqvs warmodgenili da
ris miRwevasa vcdilob.
raRa Tqma unda, kleronic imave gaWirvebas ganicdis, rogoradac diukenua,
manam Tavisas miaRwevdes; magram es brZola rom gaTavdeba rodeasc kleroni
miaRwevs Tavis xilvis simaRles damSvidebuli aris. gaxarebulia da
gansaxierebuli landis gameorebis meti aRar agondeba ra. rogorc Cven mogviva
xolme sizmarSi, kleronic isea swored. TaviT Rrublebs miswvdomia, xelebiT
horizontis kidurebis daWera nebavs da TiTon, suli gamxdara erTi didi
landisa, romelic zed Semohxvevia: misma muSaobam misi TviTCaRrmaveba
gamoiwvia. gancxromiT wamowolilia erT grZel savarZelze; gulxeli
dakrebili aqvs, Tvalebi daxuWuli; uZravad wevs, Tan misdevs Tavis ocnebas da
hxedavs Tavis Tavs, ukve im rolis amsrulebels; eyureba Tavisi sityva, sjis
Tavis TamaSs da Tavis TamaSiT aRZrul STabeWdilebas; ori arseba
moTavsebulia am wams mis agebulebaSi: patara kleoni da didi agrippina7

meore

Tqveni sityviT, ara miemsgavseba ra msaxiobs scenaze, an Tavis rolis

Seswavlis dros ise kargad, rogoradac bavSvebi, Rame zewars rom wamoisxamen
Tavpirze; da _ majlajuna movidao! _ sazareli xmiT aSineben gamvlelebs.

pirveli

Tu gnebavT. kleronis srul winaaRmdegobas warmoadgens diumenili8.

es ukanaskneli rom scenaze gamodis, arc ki icis, ra unda sTqvas; ambobs
Tavisas, da arc ki icis, ras ambobs; da rad unda ganirCeodes msaxiobi
poetisagan, mxatvrisagan, oratorisagan, musikosisagan? damaxasiaTebeli
Tvisebani xelovanisa maSinve ki ar gamoCndebian, rogorc ki Seudgeba saqmes,
gaSmagebiT rom stacebs xels Tavis nawarmoebs; SemdegSi gamoCndebian,
damSvidebul muSaobis, sruliad moulodnel dros; aravin icis, saidan Cndebian
es Tvisebani; albaT nayofi iqnebian im drois zeSTagonebisa, rodesac bunebis
da Tavis qmnilebas Sua moeqceva geniosi, da Tvalyurs adevnebs rigrigobiT xan

5
 erTs da xan meores. mSveniereba zeSTagonebisa da SemTxveviTi Tavisebureba,
romelsac poeti afrqvevs Tavis nawarmoebSi, da romlebis ase moulodneli
gaCena TviTon imasac akvirvebs, sul sxva Sedegs iZleva da srul gamarjvebas
xelovnebisas, vidre SigCarTuli nayofi aRgznebisa. gulgriloba unda
azomierebdes aRgznebas aRtacebulisas.
mZvinvare gulis patroni, gaSmagebuli adamiani ver ganagebs sazogadoebriv
yofa-cxovrebas; es gaxlavT upiratesoba darbaiseli, gonebis morCil
adamianisa. saxelovani dramturgi poetebi upirvelesad yovlisa arian
dauRalavi mayureblebi imisa, rac xdeba maT irgvliv fizikur da zneobriv
cxovrebaSi.

meore

romlebic erTarsebas warmoadgenen.

pirveli

xelTigdeben, rac ki STabeWdilebas axdens maTze, agroveben, krebulad

hqmnian. gulSi aqvT STabeWdili es krebuli, STabeWdili Tavisda SeumCnevlad, da am
krebulidan aris, rom amdeni iSviaTi movlena gadadis imaT TxzulebebSi. cocxali
_ cxadi, grZnobierebiT aRsavse adamianebi arian cxovrebis scenaze, isini gvaZleven
warmodgenas, magram miT TviTon ki vera tkbebian; da imaTi mzeriT hqmnis geniosi
Tavis gmirebs. did poets, did msaxiobs, da SeiZleba, erTob yvela did mimbaZavs,
rogoric unda iyos, didi niWi aqvs warmosaxvisa da msjelobisa, aqvs faqizi taqti,
sagangebo gemovneba da araviTari, TiTqmis araviTari grZnobiereba. amaT yvelaferi
gamouvaT xelidan; sul dakvirvebaSi arian, SegnebaSi, mibaZvaSi, da droc ki aRar
rCebaT, ganicadon rame marTla sagrZnobi. yovelTvis erTnairad vxedav am
xelovnebas, _ portfeli muxlebze udevT da xelSi fanqari uWiravT.
Cvena vgrZnobT; isini ki, isini akvirdebian, swavloben da hxataven. mogaxsenoT?
magram ratom ara? grZnobiereba ar warmoadgens didebul geniosis Tvisebas,
marTlmsajuleba uyvars genioss; sargeblobs kidec, ganagebs kidec am saTnoebas,
magram misi sitkboebisa gemoc ar icis. guliT ki ara, TaviT akeTebs yvelafers
geniosi. sul umciresi moulodneli garemoeba da Tavbru esxmis, Tavs hkargavs
mgrZnobieri adamiani, verc didebul xelmwifobas SesZlebs, verc did ministobas,
verc saxelovan veqilobas, verc eqimobas. Teatris darbazi gaavseT am mtiralebiT,
magram erTi ar damanaxvoT, erTi, Teatris scenaze! Tunda qalebi movigonoT;
grZnobierebiT Zalian gvjobian, ise rom SeuZlebelia Sedareba, rodesac vnebaze
mivardeba saqme; da ramdenadac isini gvjobian grZnobierebiT, imdenad Cvena
vjobivarT mimbaZvelobiT. grZnobierebas Tan axlavs sisuste agebulebisa. mamakacs
rom oboli cremli moereva, ufro magar laxvars scems Cvens guls, vidre dedakacis
mwari tirili. im did, cxovrebis komediaSi, qveynierebis komediaSi, romelic ase
xSirad aris naxsenebi Cems saubarSi, yvela mgrZnobieri suli Teatris scenaze aris
mogrovili; yvela geniosebi ki parterSi arian; scenaze myofT hqviaT SeSlilni; da
parterSi myofT, romlebic am SeSlilebis sigiJis dasaxvas cdiloben, hqviaT
brZenni. brZenis Tvali aris, rom hxedavs amoden gansxvavebul xalxis sacinel
mxares, hxatavs da hsaxavs mas, dacinviT, Tumca SeiZleba swored Tqvenc
brZanebuliyaviT scenaze, momqmedTa Soris; giyurebdaT, Tvals ar gaSorebdaT
dakvirvebuli da komikur pirs iRebda, rogorc sacinel ise satirelisa.
cxadia damtkicebulic rom iyos es WeSmariteba, mainc uaryofil iqneba
saxelovan msaxiobTagan es iqneba maTi saidumloebis gamomJRavneba. saSualo niWis
msaxiobi, an axalTaxalic uars ganacxadebs. arian iseTebic, romelTac hgoniaT, _
grZnoba gvaTamaSebso; _ erTgvari crumorwmuneoba aris es rwmena, radgan Tavis
svebeds es msaxiobi grZnobaze amyarebs, rogorc crumorwmune Tavis rwmenaze.
rogor? _ gaikvirvebs Cemi msmeneli, _ rogor? gulsaklavad rom tiris deda,
mwared qviTinebs da gulidan amovardnil kvnesiT mec guls miwylavs da matirebs,

6
yovelive es namdvil grZnobiT ar aris aRZruli, sasowarkveTilebiT ar aris
gamowveuli? _ara da ra! da dasamtkiceblad amisa, isic kmara, rom gazomili aris
tirilic da kvnesac, _ tirilic da kvnesac Seadgenen nawils deklamaciis, moTqmis
sistemisas; da kilos erTi meocediT rom dabla gaismis es xmebi, an maRla,
gayalbdeba mTeli tirili; es kvnesa _ godebac erTianobis kanons emorCileba;
momzadebuli aris, rogorc harmoniaSi, da marto imitom akmayofilebs
moTxovnilebas, rom didixnis swavlis da varjiSobis nayofs warmoadgens; exmareba
miRebul davalebis asrulebas da, rom xeli ar SeeSala am movaleobisaTvis, asjer
mainc iqna gameorebuli; da miuxedavad amoden gameorebisa, kvlavac saWiro aris amis
varjiSi... vidre scenaze warmosTqvams msaxiobi:
_zair, Tqven tiriT!
an
Tqvenc iq iqnebiT, Cemo gogonav, _

TviTonve didxans ugdebs yurs Tavis Tavs. im drosac ki ugdebs yurs Tavis
Tavs, rodesac guls giRelvebT Tavis sityviT, radgan mTeli imisi niWi mdgomareobs
ara imaSi, rogorc Tqvena gsurT, rom grZnobdes, aramed imaSi, rom
keTilsindisierad gadmogvces garegani niSnebi grZnobisa, da ise xelovnurad
gadmogvces, rom motyuvdes mayurebeli. kvnesa imis guliswylulis notebad aqvs
dawerili Tavis yurSi; yoveli moZraoba Tavis sasowarkveTil vaebisa Seswavlili
aqvs sarkis win da CaniSnuli mesxierebaSi. danamdvilebiT icis is wami, rodesac
dasWirdeba cxvirsaxocis amoReba cremlis mosawmendad. daniSnul droze asrulebs
yovelive amas, arc saWiroebis win, Tundac erTi wamiT, da arc imis Semdeg. es
kankali xmisa, es Sewyvetili sityva, es Cawyvetili da xan gaWianurebuli bgera, es
kankali tanisa, es mokecva muxlebisa, es guliswasvla, es gaSmageba, _ yovelive es
wminda mibaZva aris, winadve gavlili gakveTilebi, paTetiuri RmeWa, uaRresi
maimunoba, romlis xsovna swavlis da varjiSobis Semdegac didxans SerCeba msaxiobs
da gacxovelebuli udgas Tvalwin swored im dros, rodesac am rols asrulebs;
kargi is aris, rom es mexsierebaSi Camagrebuli naswavli da navarjiSevi poetis,
mayureblis da msaxiobis sabednierod, arafriT arRvevs misi gonebis Tavisuflebas,
da, Tu exeba rasme, rogorc sxva yvela varjiSobam icis, exeba marto fizikuri
agebulebis Zalas. komikuri maSia an tragikuli oCofexebi gaixada, xma, wasvla,
saSinel daRlilobas grZnobs: ai, gamocvlis TeTreuls, an dawveba _daiZinebs;
magram sulierad ki ara aqvs araviTari mRelvareba, araviTari tkivili, an
mowyeniloba da simSvidis darRveva. Tqven grCebaT, Tqven mayurebels, yovelive es
grZnobieri STabeWdileba, msaxiobi daqanculia, da Tqven daRonebuli: es imitom,
rom iman ise aasrula Tavisi, rom iotis odenac ara ugrZvnia ra, da Tqven ki
grZnobiT iyaviT gatacebuli. es rom ase ar iyos, msaxiobis mdgomareoba sxva yvela
sxva mdgomareobaze sazareli da ubeduri iqneboda magram imisi bedi, rom moqmedi
piri ar aris; is mxolod ardgens moqmed pirs da warmoadgens ise mSvenivrad, rom
Tqven namdvil moqmed pirad migaCniaT, motyuebuli marto Tqven brZandebiT; iman
Zalian kargad icis, rom moqmedi pirisa marto warmomdgeni aris da ara TviT
moqmedi piri.
sxvadasxvagvari grZnobierebani uerTdebian erTmaneTs, rom rac SeiZleba
ukeTesi gansaxiereba mogvcen vnebisao; ganibnevian, sustdebian, kvlav mZlavrdebian
da fers icvlian, rom raRac mTeli Seadginon, erTis gansaxierebao... sasacilod
mimaCnia me es msjeloba da Cemsas vimeoreb: uaRresi grZnobiereba aris, rom saSualo
msaxiobs hqmnis; saSualo grZnobiereba aris, rom uvargisada hqmnis msaxiobTa
umravlesobas; da sruli ugrZnobloba aris, rom amzadebs da hqmnis didebul
msaxiobs. msaxiobs rom cremli moereva, gulidan mosdis cremli; guli aris rom
uzomod awamebs mgrZnobieris Tavs; Tavi aris msaxiobisa, rom xandaxan patara,
swrafwarmaval usiamovnobas Caitans xolme mis gulSi; da rom tiris msaxiobi, iseve
tiris, rogoradac mRvdeli, sarwmuneobisa rom ara swams ra, da qristes wamebas ki
dastiris; rogorc arSiyi, moxlmoyrili qalis winaSe, romelic ar uyvars da
cdilobs daiyolios; rogorc maTxovari quCaSi, an saydris karTan, romelic

7
lanZRvas dagiwyebT, rodesac darwmundeba, rom Tqvengan verafers miiRebs; an
rogorc garyvnili qali, romelic arafersa grZnobs da xelSi ki gidnebaT.
dahfiqrebixarT rodesme gansxvavebas, romelsac warmoadgens tragikuli
gancdiT da paTetiuri moTxrobiT gamowveuli cremli? sagangebo ambavs ismenT:
nelnela uerTdebiT ambavis moqmed pirT, guli gikvnesiT da cremli sdis Tqvens
Tvals. magram sul sxvagvarad moqmedebs Tqvenze tragikuli ambvis naxva: erTmaneTs
exebian sagani, grZnoba da Sedegi grZnobisa; ucbad agiCqroldebaT guli, SehyvirebT,
goneba gekargebaT da cremli gdiT. aq ucbad xdeba yvelaferi, iq ki nelnela. ai, ra
upiratesoba aqvs da riT sjobnis bunebrivad marTali tragikuli mWermetyvelurad
Sedgenil scenas: is anazdeulad sWris mdgomareobas, rodesac mWermetyveluri scena
nelnela midis imave miznisaken, da veradaver gamoiwvevs im sulier gancdas,
romelsac aRgvZravs tragikuli scena, radgan sul ubralo garemoebas, Seufereblad
naTqvam sityvas SeuZlia waaxdinos mTeli scena. kiloTi wabaZva ufro advili aris,
vidre mixvramoxvriT, magram mixvramoxvra ufro magrada xvdeba mayureblis guls. ai,
safuZveli erTi kanonisa, romels, ara mgonia, moepovebodes gamonaklisi: dramatuli
Txzuleba unda iSlebodes moqmedebiT da ara moTxrobiT, Tu gnebavT, rom Tavisi
daniSnuleba aasrulos.
axala? araviTar SeniSvnas ar maZlevT? mesmis Tqveni: sazogadoebaSi xarT,
gulianad, grZnobiT uambobT Tqvensas, RelavT. xma gikankalebT, cremli gerevaT.
marTla igrZeniT da grZnobiT warmosTqviT Tqveni, geTanxmebiT. magram moemzadeT ki
mis saTxrobad? ara. leqsaTa brZaneT? ara. miuxedavad amisa, mainc miipyariT
msmenelTa TanagrZnoba gancvifreba, guli auCqroleT, didi STabeWdileba iqonieT;
es marTalia, magram aba scenaze gadaitaneT Tqveni Sinauri kilo, Tqveni martivi
gamoTqma Tqveni Cveulebrivi ieri, Tqveni bunebrivi Jesti, da maSin naxavT, ra susti
da uqnisi yofilxarT. cxare cremlic rom gdiodeT, mainc sacineli iqnebiT da
siciliT dagajildovebT mayurebeli. tragediisa ara eqneba ra Tqvens mwuxarebas da
cremls; es iqneba tragediis parodia, bazarSi moxetiale msaxiobi rom aCvenebs
xalxs warmodgenaze Sesatyueblad. nuTu warmogidgeniaT, rom Tqveni sabaaso xmiT
da Tqveni, saxlSi miCveul kiloTi SesaZlebeli iqneba gansaxiereba kornelis,
rasinis, volteris, da TviT Seqspiris scenebisa? diaR, batono Tqvenc sacineli
iqnebiT scenaze da Tqveni Sinauri ambavis Txrobac.
meore

albaT imitom, rom rasini da korneli didi kacebi iyvnen, magram didebuli ki
vera Sehqmnes ra.

pirveli

ra mkrexelobaa! vin gabedavs amis Tqmas? vin moiwonebs amas? kornelis sul
ubralo scenasac ki veravin ityvis Cveulebriv xmiT da kiloTi.
albaT asjer gagicdiaT Semdegi: ager gaaTaveT Tqveni ambavi; aaRelveT,
aatireT Tqveni msenelebi am dros axali stumari SemogeswroT, romelsac unda
gaigos: _ ra moxda, ra daemarTa am patara darbazSi Sekrebil sazogadoebas? da
Tqven ki aRara SegiZliaT ra: Tan miayoleT Tqveni grZnobiereba da cxare cremli.
axla mibrZaneT, rad aris rom artisti ar ganicdis amave gamofitulobas? eg imitom,
rom Tqven suliT da guliT TaanugrZnobT Tqvens nacnobs, romlis ubedureba
uambeT Tqvens stumrebs, da is ki araviTar TaangrZnobas ara grZnobs im gmirisadmi,
romlis gansaxiereba Seadgens imis valdebulebas. gana cinna brZandebiT?
yofilxarT odesme kleopatrad, meropad, agripinad? araviTari mniSvneloba ara aqvs
am saxelebs TqvenTvis; gana, istoriuli pirni arian Teatris kleopatra, meropi,
agripina da cinna? ara: es aris wamosaxuli aCrdili poezisaa. mgonia, meti momivida:
es aris ama Tu im poetis kerZo Semoqmedebis landi. dastoveT es ocnebis nayofi _
frTiani raSi _ scenaze, raTa Tavisuflad, Taviseburad SeeZlos navardi, Tqma da
yvirili; bevrs arafers warmoadgens, istoriaSi rom gadaitanoT, marto sicils
gamoiwvevs sazogadoebis kerZo cxovrebaSi. erTmaneTs kiTxvas dauwyeben Cumad: _

8
`SeSlili xom ar aris? saidan gaCnda es don-kixoti? vina hqmnis netav, am ucnaur
zRaprebs? romeli aris is planeti, sadac am eniT laparakoben?~

meore

maS ratom TeatrSi ki ar iwveven mag aRSfoTebas?

pirveli

imitom rom maT Rebuloben, rogorc pirobiTs rasme. aseTia formula

mocemuli beberi esqilis mier, aseTia sami aTasi wlis wesi.

meore

da didxans darCeba ZalaSi eg wesi?

pirveli
eg ar vici. me is vici mxolod, rom nelnela Sordeba mas xalxi, ramdenadac
metad uaxlovdeba Tavis droebas da Tavis qveyanas.
xom gaxsovT pirveli scena `ifigeniasa~; dameTanxmebiT, rom sxvas veras
ipoviT am scenis msgavss iseTs, rogoric aris hanri IV mdgomareoba, rodesac SiSi
moeria, sruliad safuZvliani SiSi, da SesCivla Tavis maxlobelT: _`momklaven, vici!
cxadia, momklaven~!... warmoidgineT, rom wamovardniliyo es Cinebuli adamiani, es
didebuli da Tan ubeduri xelmwife RamiT da SiSiT zardacemuli misuliyo
siullis saxlTan, Tavis ministris da megobris saxlTan... rogor ggoniaT, SeiZleba
yofiliyo vinme iseTi ubiri poeti, rom es sityva eTqmevinebina anrisTvis:
... diaR, anri, Seni mefe,
gikakunebs magrad karsa,
adeq, gauRe! nu hmateb
mwuxares axala sxva javrsa!

_ da an amgvari pasuxi mieca mefisaTvis siullis:

_ Tqvena brZandebiT, mefeo?

netav ra moxda iseTi,
rom dagaviwydaT es Rame,
bneli, viTa jojoxeTi?
me Zlivsa gxedavT mefeo,
Zlivsa vcnob Cemsa mefesa,
Zlivs varCev mZinar TvalebiT mefis didebul saxesa.9

meore

da iqneba swored aseTi iyo namdvili sityva agamemnonisa?

pirveli

ara, es arc agamemnonis enaa da arc hanris. es gaxlavT ena homirosisa,

rasinisa, ena erTob poezisaa, am enis xmareba TavianTi poeturi bageebiT da poeturi
toniT mxolod raRac ucnob arsebaT SeuZliaT.
daufiqrdiT erT wams da ganmarteT, ras vgulisxmobT, rodesac vambobT, _
namdvilad warmoadgina Teatrma? nuTu namdvilis warmodgena is iqneba. rom ise
vaCvenoT mayurebels yvelaferi, rogorc bunebaSi hxedavs? cxadia, rom ara, am azriT
`namdvili~ Cveulebrivi iqneboda, yoveldRiuri, yvelsagan cnobili da mowyenili.
maS ra unda iyves namdvili scenisa? scenaze namdvilis warmodgena aris SeTanxmeba

9
moqmedebisa, sityvisa, figurisa. xmisa, moZraobisa, Jestisa im idealur modelTan
romelic dausaxavs poets, da romelsac xSirad aWarbebs kidec msaxiobi. da aq aris
suliskveTeba: es modeli Tavis gavlenas axdens ara marto msaxiobis kiloze,
moZraobasac ki ucvlis da Tavis daWeras. amitom aris, rom sul sxvadasxva aris
msaxiobi quCaSi da scenaze, da imdenad gansxvavdeba, rom xSirad verc ki icnobs
adamiani. pirvelad rom vnaxe kleroni Tavis saxlSi, gakvirvebulma mivmarTe _ da
sruliad bunebrivic iyo Cemi gakvirveba: `me, qalbatono, mTeli TaviT ufro maRali
megoneT, vidre namdvilad brZandebiT~.
ubeduri, namdvilad ubeduri qali tiris, magram es Tqven guls ar giyuCebT.
ufro mets vityvi, tiris ubeduri da ise uTrTis tuCi, rom sicili veRar
SegikavebiaT; an ara da imisTana kiloTi iwyebs moTqmas, rom yurSi gcemT da
TanagrZnobas gifrTxobT, erTgvari moZraoba aqvs, Cveulebrivi, romelic saZaglad
hxdis im mwuxarebas, an sacinlad. asea: gadaWarbebul vnebaTRelvas yovelTvis Tan
axlavs saxis daRmeWa, romlis scenaze warmodgenas marto gemovnebas moklebuli
msaxiobebi cdiloben; magram namdvil xelovans ki WiriviT ejavreba. Cven gvinda, rom
adamiani adamianad rCebodes, rac unda didi, daZabuli mwuxareba moxveodes, da ara
hkargavdes adamianis Rirsebas. rogoria Sedegi am gmirul wadilis asrulebisa?
gakrToba mwuxarebisa da Seneleba mwuxarebisa. Cven gvinda, rom es qali marTebulad
waiqces, erTob keklucad, da is gmiri ise mokvdes, rogorc Zvelad gladiatori
kvdeboda, Sua asparezze, cirkis mayurebelTa taSiskvriT, vaJkacurad,
keTilSobilad, moxdenili da mxatvruli poziT. mere vin agvisrulebs am survils?
is atleti, romelsac imorCilebs mwuxareba da asustebs grZnobiereba? Tu is
akademiurad gamobrZmedili atleti, romelic yovelTvis gamgebelia Tavisi Tavisa,
da maSinac ki iSveliebs tanvarjiSobis gakveTils, rodesac sulTmobrZavia? Zveli
drois gladiatori, rogorc didebuli msaxiobi, da didebuli msaxiobi, rogorc
Zveli drois gladiatori, CvensaviT loginSi ara kvdeboda; isini valdebulni arian
sul sxvagvari sikvdili dagvisaxon scenaze, raTa Tavi mogvawonon; maSin igrZnobs
Segnebuli mayurebeli, rom metad wvrilmani iqneba SiSveli WeSmariteba, metad
sazizRari iqneba daufaravi moqmedeba, da maSasadame, sruli uaryofa poeziisa.
imis Tqma ki ar minda amiT, viTom bunebas ara hqondes Tavisi didebuli
wuTebi; magram vfiqrob, rom misi sidiadis daWera da SenarCuneba SeuZlia mxolod
imas, vinc es wuTebi moamzada Tavisi warmosaxvis nivTiT da Tavisi talantiT da
vinc mas gulgrilad gadmoscems.
me ar vuaryof, rom aq mniSvneloba aqvs Tavisebur namdvil an xelovnur
nerviulad gaRizianebas, magram es gaRizianeba TiTqmis iseve saSiSrad mimaCnia,
rogradac bunebrivi grZnobiereba; es grZnoba aris, rom manerianobas SesZens
msaxiobs da erTkilovnebas, da es ki srul winaaRmdegobas uwevs saxelovani
rolebis sxvadasxvaobas; amitom xSirad moxdeba xolme, cdilobs msaxiobi Tavis
grZnobebis moSorebas, magram es uaryofa TavisTavsa ZaluZs marto foladis bunebis
kacs. kargi iqneboda, raRa Tqma unda, rolis Seswavlis gasaadvileblad da TamaSis
srulsayofad, rom agvecilebina rogorme es msaxiobisaTvis SeuZlebeli uaryofa,
ganSoreba Tavis grZnobierebisa; magram imisTana uaRres siZneles warmoadgens es
uaryofa, rom erTad erT rolze stovebs msaxiobs da gvaiZulebs an
mravalricxovani dasebi viyolioT, an SevurigdeT TiTqmis yoveli piesis cud
Sesrulebas. yovelive amis mosaspobad Zirianad unda Seicvalos Teatris momarageba
da msaxiobisTvis ki ar iwerebodes piesa, rogorc Cvens droSi aris, piriqiT,
piesisaTvis unda mzaddebodes TviTon msaxiobi.

meore

kargi, magram warmoidgineT mravali xalxi, quCaSi mogrovili raime

katastrofiT; warmoidgineT, rom am xalxSi yvelam Taviseburad gamosTqva Tavisi
bunebrivi grZnoba erTmaneTTan SeuTanxmeblad; sakvirvel scenas warmoadgenen,
romelSic aTasi Zvirfasi nimuSi iqneba qandakebisaTvis, mxatvrobisaTvis,
musikisaTvis da poeziisaTvis.

10
 pirveli

eg marTalia, magram Tqvenc warmoidgineT, rom Tqvens scenas erTi kargi

xelovani Caeria, SeaTanxma erTmaneTTan katastrofis mayurebelni da moamzada
scenaze gasayvanad, an tiloze dasaxatad. romeli emjobineba? rom miTxraT, _ Cemio,
_ pasuxad erT kiTxvas aRvZrav: Tu agrea, maS raRa yofila ase naqebi jadosnuri
Zala xelovnebisa, Tu ki imis mets veras arigebs, rom axdens tlanq bunebis mier
dayolils da garemoebaTa daxmarebiT ufro ukeT ganviTarebuls niWs, vidre
xelovneba ganaviTarebda? iqneba brZanoT, SeuZlebelia bunebrivis gamSvenierebao.
nuTu Tqvens dReSi arsad giTqvamT qalisaTvis, rom isic iseve mSvenieria,
rogoradac rafaelis `qalwuli~? lamaz suraTs rom dainaxavT bunebisas, gana ar
ityviT, romanSi awerili suraTiviT mSvenieri ariso? da garda amisa Tqven arsebul,
nivTier saganze melaparakebiT, me ki mibaZvaze; Tqven bunebis erTi wuTi gaqvT
mxedvelobaSi, swraf warmavali; me ki mxedvelobaSi maqvs qmnileba xelovnebisa,
romelsac Tavisi progresica aqvs da xangZlivobac. gamoiyvaneT Tqveni msaxiobebi
SeucvaleT quCaSi scena, rogorc TeatrSi icvleba, da damanaxveT Tqvenebi
calcalke, ororad, samsamad, Tavi mianebeT, ise moiqcnen rogorc nebavdeT, da maSin
naxavT im ucnaur kakofonias, romelic Tan mohyveba maTs Tavisuflebas. iqneba
ineboT da am marcxis asacileblad erTad gaameorebinoT? natamalsac veRar naxavT
imaT bunebriv grZnobierebisas da _ miT ukeTesi.
warmodgenasac igive unda, rac kargad ganwyobil sazogadoebas, sadac yovel
wevrs gawiruli aqvs Tavis ufleba sazogadoebis keTildReobis da warmatebisaTvis.
mere vin ufro kargad daafasebs am gawirulis odenobas? enTuziasti, Tu
fanatikosi? verc erTi da verc meore. sazogadoebaSi es damfasebeli samarTliani
kaci iqneba; TeatrSi ki is msaxiobi, romelsac `civi~ Tavi aqvs. Tqveni quCis scena
igive aris dramtul scenasTan SedarebiT, rasac velurebis brbo warmoadgens,
ganaTlebul sazogadoebas rom SeadaroT.
aq minda SevCerde da mogaxsenoT, ra veraguli gavlena aqvs uniWos, an
saSualo niWis patrons saxelovan niWier msaxiobze. am msaxiobs Taviseburad,
didebul modelad dausaxavs da ise Seuswavlia Tavisi roli; magram iZulebuli
iqneba uaryos Tavisi ideali, rom imave doneze dadges, romelsc ver ascilebia imisi
TanamoTamaSe susti msaxiobi; iZulebuli xdeba Tavisi didi xnis varjiSoba da
momzadebac daiviwyos da Tavisi gamWriaxobac; swored iseve, rogorc instinqturad
moxdeba xolme saseirnod gasul sazogadoebaSi, an anTebul buxarTan: vinc
laparakobs, xmas acvlevinebs, kilos umdablebs Tavis Tanamosaubres; an Tu sxva
Sedareba ufro mogewonebaT, aqac igive xdeba, rac vistis TamaSobaSi, sadac Tqvenda
uneburad gekargebaT Tqveni codna da gamocdileba, Tu imedi ara gaqvT Tqveni
amxanagisa. ufro metsac mogaxsenebT: kleroni getyviT, rodesac gnebavT, rom lekeni
10 jibriT Tavis survilisamebr afuWebinebda rols, da amitom isic imiT uxdida, rom
ramdenjerme stveniT daajildoebina sazogadoebas. hoda, ras warmoadgens ori
msaxiobi, romlebic erTad asruleben raime scenas? or pirovnebas, romlebsac
TavTavisi modeli aqvT dasaxuli, an tolia rolebis mixedviT, an metnaklebi im
garemoebaTa mixedviT, romelSic avtorma Caayena es ori moqmedi piri; ase rom ar
iyves, erTi metad mZlavri iqneba, an metad susti; da am uTanxmoebis asacdenad,
mZlavrma Tavis simaRlemde unda aamaRlos susti, an TiTon damdabldes sustis
donemde. da radgan metad iSviaTia sustis amaRleba, Tavisdauneburad sustamde
daeSveba saxelovani msaxiobi. da iciT, ra mizani aqvs esoden gaxSirebul
repeticiebs? msaxiobebis niWTa wonasworobis damyareba, raTa Sedegad erTi mTliani
moqmedeba miviRoT. da rodesac gamoCndeba vinme Tavmoyvare, romelsac ver autania es
damcireba, amas Sedegad mTeli dasis dasusteba mosdevs yovelTvis da mayurebelTa
siamovnebis Semcireba, radgan Zalian iSviaTad moxdeba xolme, rom erTis
moxdenilma, xelovnurma TamaSma dagaviwyoT danarCenebis sisuste da SuaTanoba.
ramdenjerme vnaxe rogor Seurachyofdnen saxelovan artistis pirovnebas;

11
ukmayofilebas acxadebda Seugnebeli sazogadoeba, _ metad gadaaWarba Tavis
rolsao, _ da imas ki vera xedavda, rom susti iyo imisi TanamoTamaSe.
warmoidgineT, rom poeti brZandebiT, piesa gaqvT dawerili, warmosagenad
gamzadebuli da mec srul Tavisuflebas gaZlevT: gnebavT Segnebul, `civgula~
artistebs miandeT, gnebavT mgrZnobierebs. magram manam gadaswyvetdeT sakiTxs, neba
miboZeT erTi ram giTxraT: ra asakSi xdebian did msaxiobad? gana im asakSi
gamoiCens xolme Tavis niWierebas, rodesac sisxli uduRs da iwvis adamiani,
rodesac sul ubralo garemoeba uCqrolebs sulsa da guls, da xanZari edeba, erTi
bewva naperwkalic rom moxvdes. me mgonia, rom ara; vinc bunebas didebul msaxiobad
gauCenia, marto maSin gamoiCens Tavis niWs, rodesac didi xnis dakvirvebiT, cdiTa
da varjiSiT daxelovndeba, rodeasc vnebaTa Jini dauwynardeba. damSvidebuli eqneba
Tavi da damonebuli Tavisi guli. saukeTeso Rirsebisac rom iyos Rvino, mwklarti
aris da mRvrie, manam duRs; didi xani unda idges kasrSi, rom gemrieli gaxdes.
ciceroni, seneka da plutarxi warmoadgenen SemTxzvel adamianis sam asaks: ciceroni
xSirad cecxlwakidebuli Cala aris, Cveni Tvalis maxarebeli; seneka _ walamia,
romelic Tvalsa gvWris Tavisi aliT; moxucebul plutarxis cecxls nacari afaria
da unda gavqeqoT es nacari, rom aRgznebuli nakverCxali aRmovaCinoT da suliT
xorcamde gavTbeT.
samocdaaTis wlisa iyo baroni11 , metisac, rom xelovnurad TamaSobda graf
dessqss qsifares, britaniks da kargadac TamaSobda, ormocdaaTi wlisa iyo gosseni
12 aRtacebaSi rom mohyavda sazogadoeba piesebSi `misani~ da `patara qali~ 13.

meore

garegnobiT aRar Seefereboda Tavis rols.

pirveli

marTalia, da swored eg aris, rom gardauval dabrkolebasa hqmnis, Torem

srulebiT unaklulo iqneboda Cveni warmodgenebi. dasaxelovneblad saWiro aris
didi xnis mecadineoba da roli ki xandaxan axlad aTqvirebuli gogosi aris.
marTalia erTxel aRmoCnda Cvidmeti wlis msaxiobi qali, romelmac SesZlo monibis,
didonis, pulqeriis permionis rolebis Sesruleba, magram es saswauli iyo, romelic
aRar ganmeordeba. 14 Cvenda sanugeSod, xnieri msaxiobi mxolod maSin xdeba
dasacinavad, rodesac sul mTlad gauZlurdeba. an rodesac misi xelovnuri TamaSic
ki veRar aviwyebs mayurebels mis siberes da rolis Seufereblobas. TeatrSic imasve
vxedavT, rasac sazogadoebaSi, sadac arSiyobas ar dauwyeben qals, Tu imdenad
niWieri ar aris da sxva RirsebiT aRasvse, rom hfaravdes Tavis siberes. Cven
Tvalwin iyo, scenaze rom gamovidnen kleroni da mole 15, uxeirod TamaSobdnen,
TiTqmis avtomaturad; SemdegSi ki namdvil xelovnebad gardaiqcnen. rogor moxda es
gardaqmna? gana xniereba rom ematebodaT, sulic udiddebodaT nelnela da
grZnobierebac ezrdebodaT?
aTi weliwadi Sin ijda kleroni, da aTi wlis Semdeg, - guSin ar iyo? _ isev
Teatrs daubrunda. da Tu saSualod aasrula Tavisi roli, nuTu imitom, rom am
xnis ganmavlobai dahkarga Tavisi sulic, gulic da grZnobierebac? srulebiTac ara.
Tu dakarguli hqonda rame, marto mexsiereba Tavis rolisa. Tqven xvala naxeT, ra
iqneba! 16

meore

rogor? Tqven imedi gaqvT, rom dagvibrundeba?

12
 pirveli

ar dagvibrundeba da daiRupeba danaRvlianebuli, radgan rasRa miarTmevT

imisTanas, rom sazogadoebis taSic daaviwyos da sulis vnebac? msaxiobi marTlac
Rrmad rom yofiliyo grZnobiT gamsWvaluli, rogorc amas Cveulebriv fiqroben,
gana mas azrad mouvidoda TvalebiT ekeklucna loJebis sazogadoebasTan an Rimili
gaegzavna kulisebSi an TiTqmis laparaki gaeba parterTan. an gana foieSi
mouxdeboda wasvla raTa mesame msaxiobis TavSeukavebeli sicili Seewyvita da
gaefrTxilebia rom droa scenaze gaxvide da Tavi moakvlevinovo.
magram erTi scena minda gaCvenoT, romelsac msaxiobi TamaSobs da imisi coli;
WiriviT ejavrebaT erTmaneTi; magram Seyvarebulni, mijnurni unda warmoadginon,
erTmaneTisaTvis gaxelebulni. minda ise gadmogceT, rogorc scenaze minaxavs, ufro
ukeT warmodgenili; imisTana scena aris, rom sxvagan arsad Sehxvedria ors,
erTmaneTTan moTamaSe msaxiobs, aseTi Sesaferisi roli; scena, romlis
dasajildoveblad mexiviT quxda taSi loJebSic da parterSic; scena, romlis
mimdinareoba aTjer mainc SevwyviteT Cveni taSiT da vaSas ZaxiliT. molieris
komediidan aris `javri siyvarulisa~ 17, meoTxe moqmedebis mesame scena.
colqmarni arian luisili da erasti,
piesiT ki erTmaneTis sayvarlebi
msaxiobi
eh, ara, qalbatono, nu gaqvT trfobis imedi:
gamimwareT sicocxle, damixSeT _ Cemi bedi.

ms. qali
hoda, raRasa dgexarT? girCevT, Tqvens gzas gaudgeT.
_ mival, batono, mival
_ mixvalT? ... gza mSvidobisa!
_ waval gadavikargebi, vecdebi daviviwyo
es siyvaruli mware, es sevdiani awymo.
_ magis Rirsic ar iyaviT.
_ Tqveni risxvac meyofa, Tqvengan Seuracyofils.
_ cilsa mwamebT, batono! magas ki gaRirsebdiT?
_ rom Tvali amexila, megrZno, ramdenad gZulvarT,
_ rom mxolod siZulviliTa da braziTa cocxal xarT.
_ usazRvro siZulviliT
_ guls miwylavs Tqveni qceva ubedurs, didsulovans...
_ diaR, ubedurs, kninsulovans!..
_ gamovtydebi, Tqvens TvalSi vneba rom dacialebs,
me imisi msxverpli var, is aris, rom mawamebs.
_ daibrmavebdiT Tvalebs!
_ ferxT borkili damadeT, trfobiT gaxelebulsa...
_ skiptrac rom SemoeZRvnaT, ar mivcemdi borkilsa.
_ ufro iafad dasTmeT.
_ TqveniT viyav suldgmuli...
_ eg ki tyuili gaxlavT, Tqveni Semarcxveneli.
_ rogor ar vaRiaro,
Seuracxyofili ki, vera vbedavdi mxdali.
Tqvengan Tavis daRwevas, Tumca mwylavda samsali...
_ netavi, gagebedaT!
_ ai, axla gavbede, es gamimTelebs gulsa,
_ magram ra ganmikurnavs wamebul sulis wylulsa?
_ nu geSiniaT, erTi gangrena moxvdes!
_ uReli movixseni, uReli netarebis,

13
da vxedav, siyvaruli CemTvis aRarsad aris.
_ alxanas Calxanao, es ar gagigoniaT?
_ magram ra gaewyoba? raki gZulvarT da sdevniT
am guls, Tqvengan wamebuls, Tqveni xeliT daserils,
ukanasknelad vbedav me TqvenTan saubarsa,
da veRarsada mnaxavT Tqvengan aZulebulsa

ms. qali
_ moiRebdiT wyalobas, amacdendiT Tqvens naxvas,
batono Cemo, qvelo, da masTan wyalis nayvas.

msaxiobi

oh, ra Tavxedi xarT magasac SegananebT!

_ maS kargi, qalbatono, avasruleb Tqven survils,
dReidanve gSordebiT, dagiamebT mag wyurvils,
raki Tqven agre gnebavT, rom gavanTxio suli,
Tu rom odesme mnaxeT TqvenTan kvlavac mosuli.

ms. qali
Zalian damavalebT.

msaxiobi
_ ara nu geSiniaT!
ms. qali
me Tqveni meSinodes?

msaxiobi
_ me Cem sityvas ar gavtex, sustic rom mqondes guli
rom veRar amovSalo Sig satrfo Casaxuli,
me TqvenTan aRar moval, aRar gasiamovnebT.

ms. qali
mTel dRes ar CagimwarebTo, unda geTqvaT.

msaxiobi
_ aRar moval, batono.

ms. qali
da nuRarc SeswuxdebiT.

msaxiobi
sazareli rama xarT, qalbatono, da me gaswavliT Wkuas!
_ am xeliT moviklav Tavs, gulSi davicem laxvars...

ms. qali
netavi agre!

msaxiobi
_ Tu kidev movindomeb me odesme Tqvens naxvas.

ms. qali
da ratom dResve ara? xom gindodaT da mnaxeT...

msaxiobi
_ im Sxam_Zirmwaris Semdeg...

14
 ms. qali
kmara, ZirmwariT gavaTavoT.

da aseve kidev mravali. am ormag scenis DSemdeg, mijnurTa scenis da

colqmris scenis Semdeg, erasti kulisebSi gaiyvanda xolme Tavis sayvarel
luisils, xels mouWerda Tavis cols ise medgrad, rom kivils daawyebinebda da
imis kivils lanZRviT da ginebiT upasuxebda.

meore

me rom eg ori scena erTdroulad menaxa, vfiqrob, Cem dReSi TeatrSi aRar
Sevidodi.

pirveli

Tu ggoniaT, rom raimes ganicdidnen is msaxiobi da msaxiobi qali, maSin

SegekiTxebiT: rodis ganicdidnen _ mijnurTa scenis dros, colqmris scenis, Tu
iqac da aqac? magram, modiT Semdegi scenac moismineT; msaxiobi qali igive aris da
msaxiobi ki sxva, am qalis sayvareli.
vidre sayvareli Tavisas ambobs, qali Tavis qmarze uambobs: `sazizRari ram
aris! rom icodeT, ra makadra wuxelis... ara, gameorebac ki ver gamibedia...
qali rom Tavis replikas warmosTqvams, axla sayvareli wasCurCulebs: `nuTu
aqamde ver mieCvieT? ... ase laparakoben warmodgenis dros da es Cumi baasi arafriTa
revs imaT sasceno saTqmels.
_ am saRamos erTad ar vivaxSmebT? _ Zalian minda, magram rogor gamoveparo?
_ rame moifiqreT _ da rom gamigos? _mas araferi mouva, Cven ki tkbilad gavatarebT
saRamos. _ vin gveyoleba vaxSmad? _ vinca gnebavT. _ cxadia, raindi uwinares
yovlisa, es _ mTavaria. _ Tqven da Tqveni raindi! Tqveni qmari ki ara var, rom
Tvalebi amibaT!
ai, amrigad, Tqven gegonaT, rom am or `grZnobiT aRsavse~ msaxiobs rolis
asrulebis meti ara axsovT rao; da is ki ar iciT, rom isini mxolod im sceniT
cxovrobdnen, romelsac CurCuliT asrulebdnen da romelic Tqven ar mogismeniaT
Cumad warmoebuli. SehyurebT am xelovans da iZaxiT, _ `unda vaRiaro, rom marTla
xelovani aris da es qali; aravin usmens Tavis TanamoTamaSes, rogorc is; Wkvianad,
faqizad, interesiT da sakvirvel grZnobierebiT TamaSobs is ise, rom ukeTesi Zneli
warmosadgenia~.
_ me ki davcinodi Tqvens ara erTgzis aRtacebas.
es msaxiobi _ qali erT msaxiobTan Ralatobs Tavis qmars, im raindTan am
msaxiobs da viRac mesamesTan _ am rainds; da am Ralats zed miaswro TiTon raindma.
saSineli javris amoyra ganizraxa: scenaze, sul qvemo skamze gamoeWima Tavis
sayvarels (jer ar moeSorebina graf lopages 18 Cveni scenisaTvis es skamebi).
gadaswyvita zizRiT daaSterdes aRSfoTebuli TvaliT, roli daaviwyos, gadarios
da parteris stvenis msxverpli gaxados. daiwyo warmodgena. gamoCnda qalbatoni;
dainaxa raindi, Tavis rolis asrulebaSi warbic ar Seixara da tkbili RimiliT
asZaxa Cumad: _ `butia, rom javrobs da mebuteba, TviTonac ar icis, risTvis~.
raindsac uRimis saxe. _ qali ganagrobs: `amaRam moxvalT? _xmas ar iRebs raindi
_geyofaT. kmara!.. Cem gasavalTan melodes Tqveni etli~. da iciT, ra scenis
warmodgenis dros hqondaT rainds da mis moRalate msaxiob _qals es saubari?
laSoses19 erT-erT yvelaze amaRelvebel, grZnobiT savse scenaSi. am scenaSi iyo,
rom gulsaklavad qviTinebda qali da Cvenc cxare cremls gvaRvrevinebda.
daujereblad migaCniaT Cemi naTqvami? magram mtknari WeSmariteba mogaxseneT,
garwmunebT.

meore

15
 imisTana WeSmaritebaa, rom Teatrs SemaZulebs

pirveli

viTomda radao? eg unari rom ara hqondeT am msaxiobT, maSin TeatrSi

siaruls azri ar eqneboda. is, rasac exla giambobT, Cemi TvaliT vnaxe.
kari gamoaRo odnav garrikma, Tavi gamohyo da oTxi-xuTi wamis ganmavlobaSi
misma saxis gamometyvelebam gamohxata usazRvro sixaruli. uklo am sixaruls da
gamohsaxa damSvideba; damSvideba gakvirvebiT Sescvala, gakvirveba gancvifrebad,
gancvifreba mwuxarebad, mwuxareba uZlurebad, uZlureba SiSad, SiSi
sasowarkveTilebad da aqedan TanmimdevrobiT iqve mivida, riTac daiwyo. nuTu
ggoniaT, rom SeeZlo mis suls ganecada yvela es grZnobani da saxis
gamometyvelebis TamaSis Sesabamisad ganecada grZnobaTa es Taviseburi gamma?.. me es
srulebiT ar mjera, da darwmunebulic var, arc Tqven. rom sTxovoT am saxelovan
kacs, _ garriki Rirsi iyo, rom marto mis sanaxavad ingliss iseve wasuliyo
adamiani, rogorc italiaSi wasvla Rirs Zveli romis nangrevebis sanaxavad, _ diaR,
rom sTxovoT am kacs, _ patara biWis, xabazis scena maCveneTo, - siamovnebiT
warmogidgenT, da maSinve rom sTxovoT, _ makbetis scena SeasruleTo, _ imasac
maSinve warmogidgenT. da is erTnairad mzad aris itiros, Rvezeli rom gaucivdeba
xelidan, da bunebrivadve icinos, xanjlis20 trials rom naxavs haerSi. gana SeiZleba
Tavis survilisamebr tirodes, an icinodes adamiani? es gaxlavT, sicilis, an
tirilis RmeWa, metad an naklebad gamomsaxveli, metad, an naklebad mayureblis
momatyuebeli; es imazed aris damokidebuli, garriki aris is, vinc amas asrulebs,
Tu ara.
mec vici xandaxan scenis gaTamaSeba, da kargi safuZvliani gaTamaSebac, ise,
rom SemiZlia Zalze SorsmWvreti adamianebic Sevacdino. Cemi dis moCvenebiT
sikvdiliT mwuxares rom mxedavT scenaSi normanel veqilTan an kabitnis ufros
TanaSemwesTan saubarSi, roca vaRiareb, rom misi ufrosis cols Cemgan bavSvi hyavs,
_ yvelas hgonia, rom namdvili sinanulis, sircxvilis da mwuxarebis gamomxatvelia
Cemi saxe; magram gana marTla mwuxare var? marTla Sercxvenili var? srulebiTac
ara. arc komediaSi da arc sazogadoebaSi, roca es orive roli Sevasrule, rom
ukeT gadametana isini piesaSi21. maS ra yofila didi msaxiobi? didi damcinavi,
tragikuli an komikuri, romelsac avtorma ukarnaxa Tavisi saTqmeli.
sedeni dgams Tavis piesas `TavisTavis ucnob filosofoss~ 22 me ufro mindoda
am piesis gamarjveba, vidre TiTon mas. mweralTa erTamneTisadmi Suri CemTvis ucxoa
da me imisi ara gamaCnia ra. umagisodac bevri maqvs wuni, isic meyofa Cemi mwerlobis
amxanagebi damemowmebian, rodesac ki maRirsebda vinme da CemTan molaparakebas
moisurvebda Tavis Txzulebis Sesaxeb, yvelafers vcdilobdi, rac ki SemeZlo, rom
Rirseuli pasuxi gameca am pativiscemisaTvis. pirvel or warmodgenaze moikoWlebda
piesa da Zalianc vwuxdi; mesameze cas daewivnen aRtacebuli mayureblebi da
sazRvari aRara hqonda Cems sixaruls. meore dilas daviWire etli da gavwie
sedenisken; zamTari idga, saSineli yinva; yvelgan viyav, sadac ki SeiZleboda misi
naxva; bolos miTxres, _ wm. antonis ubanSi iqnebao; _ axal iqiT wavedi... Sevedi,
veci, movxvie xelebi, gulSi Cavikar; xmis amoReba veRar movaxerxe, RapaRupiT mdioda
cremli. ai, batono, mgrZnobieri, SuaTana kaci. uZravad, gulcivad idga sedeni,
miyurebda da mere miTxra: _ `ah, ra kargi xarT batono didro!~ _ ai, dakvirvebuli
da niWieri kaci.
es ambavi erTxel sazogadoebaSi vTqvi; sufraze visxediT erT kacTan,
romelsac Tavisi codna, gamocdileba da erTguleba did Tanamdebobas umzadebda
saxelmwifoSi, baton nekkerTan 23. iq bevrni iyvnen mwerlebi da sxvaTaSoris
marmontelic24, romelic Zalian miyvars, da isic imiTve mixdis. da swored
marmontelma mommarTa dacinviT: _ `maSasadame Tu volteri cremlmoreuli ismens
ubralo paTetiur moZraobas, da sedeni ki gulcivad Sehyurebs Tavis mtiral

16
megobars, volteri, Tqvenis azriT, ubralo momakvdavia, sedeni ki geniosi? _ Sig
gulSi meca me es SeniSvna da ena Camivarda, radgan CemsaviT mgrZnobieri adamiani
mTlad ifloba amgvar SeniSvnaSi, gonebas hkargavs da pasuxs marto kibeze
moiazrebs, Sinisaken rom midis. sxva rom yofiliyo, gulcivi da TavisTavis meufe
adamiani, ase upasuxebda marmontels:
`eg mosazreba ukeTess STabeWdilebas moaxdenda, sxvas rom eTqva, radgan arc
Tqven gaqvT sedenzed meti grZnobiereba da Tqvenc imisaviT didebulsa sTxzavT; da
radgan Tqvenc iseTive literaturuli bedi gaqvT, rogoric mas, amitom sxvisTvis
unda migendoT miudgomlad dafaseba misi damsaxurebisa. me ar minda, sedeni ufro
maRla davayeno, vidre volteri, an volteri ufro maRla, vidre sedeni, magram es
mibrZaneT, SegiZliaT miTxraT, ras mogvcemda avtori `TavisTvis ucnobi
filosofosisa~ `dezertiris~ da `gadarCenili parizisa~, ocdaxuTmeti wlis
ganmavlobaSi kiri ar ezila, qva ar eTala, da mTeli es dro volteriviT da meda
TqvensaviT homeris, virgilis, tassos, ciceronis, demosTenis da tacitis kiTxvisa
da SegnebisaTvis moendomebina? Cven Cvens dReSi ver movaxrxebdiT ise dakvirvebas,
rogorc is, man ki iswavla CvenasviT laparaki. sedani me Seqspiris erTerT
STamomavlad mimaCnia, im Seqspiris STamomavlad romelsac me arc apolon
belvederelis Sevadareb, arc gladiators, arc antinouss, arc glikonis naqandakeb
herkuless, aramed wminda qristofs parizis RvTiSoblis taZarSi _ ufro bumberazs,
tlanqad gamoqandakebuls, magram imdenad dids, rom SegviZlia Cven, mwerlebma,
Tavisuflad gavuaroT fexebSua~
axla sxvas giambob. minda erTi da igive kaci gaCvenoT, jer sazarlad
gasulelebuli, uxeSi Tavisi grZnobierebiT da mere gamofxizlebuli, radgan
swrafad moikriba goneba da sagangebo gaxda Tavis simSvidiT.
did gaWirvebaSi Cavarda erTi mwerali, romlis gvars ar getyviT. Zma hyavda
RvTismetyveli da metad mdidari, vkiTxe _ ratom ar exmareboda Tavisi Zma? _ ar
mexmareba, radgan masTan Zalze damnaSave varo, _ mipasuxa. mainc nebarTva miviRe
misgan, rom menaxa RvTismetyveli da gaveSure. mivedi, moaxsenes, Semiyvanes, _ Tqveni
Zmis Sesaxeb minda cota ram mogaxsenoT meTqi _ mivmarTe. xeli mtaca, ucbad damsva
da SeniSvna momca, _ gonierma kacma jer unda gaigos vis daxmarebasa cdilobs, da
mere saqmes Seudgeso. mere momiaxlovda da ukmexad maxala: _ `Cems Zmas icnobT?
iciT rogor momeqca? _cxadia, vici. _ cxadia? maS isic icodeT, rom... mohyva Cemi
RvTismetyveli da gabrazebiT, rom sul qafi edeboda tuCebze, da swrafi sityviT
miambo Tavis Zmis saqcieli, mravali ram, erTmaneTze uaresi, sazizRari da
aRmaSfoTebeli. Tavbru damaxvia imisma sityvam. gadamria kaci; vgrZnobdi, rom xmis
amoRebas veRar gavbedavdi im urCxulis dasaxmareblad, romelsac RvTismetyveli
mixatavda. kidev kargi, rom mokled saTqmels grZlad ambobda Cemi maspinZeli da
dro momca gons movsuliyav; Caimala nelnela Cemi grZnobebi da alagi dauTmo
mWermetyvel adamians. radgan gulwrfelad mogaxsenebT, marTla mWermetyveleba
gamoviCine im dRes, - `mowyaleo xelmwifev, Tqvenma Zmam, _ mivmarTe civad, _ uaresic
bevri ram Caidina, da dideba Tqvenda rom pativi meciT da damimaleT misi yvelaze
aRmaSfoTebeli borotmoqmedeba~. _ me arafers gimalavT! _ `SeiZleboda isic
migematebinaT Tqveni naTqvamisaTvis, rom erT Rames, ciskaris mosasmenad rom
midiodiT eklesisaken, mogvardaT, damaluli dana amoiRo da mzad iyo TqvenTvis
mkerdSi daekra...~ _`arc magas iukadrisebda, magram me eg ar giTxariT, radgan eg
marTali ar iqneboda~... me wamovardi maSin ucbad, mkacrad davaSterdi Cems
RvTismetyvels da daviWeqe aRSfoTebulis cofiT da ZaliT: _ `da Tunda es
marTalic yofiliyo, nuTu Tqven mainc valdebuli ara xarT lukma puri miawodoT
Tqvens Zmas?... gaSra Cemi RvTismetyveli, damarcxebuli, waqezebuli, Sercxvenili,
gaCumebuli, gaSterebuli Semomyurebda; didxans iqeT-aqeT dadioda, mere
momiaxlovda da miTxra, rom wliur pensias uniSnavs Tavis Zmas 25.
warmoidgineT, rom guliTadi megobari dahkargeT, an sayvareli mogikvdaT. gana
im wamsve daswerT poemas sikvdilis saSinelebisas, rodesac ubedureba gewiaT? ara.
vai mas, vinc am dros sargeblobs Tavis niWiT! unda gaiaros yvelaze metma
mwuxarebam, unda Cakvdes gadaWarbebuli grZnobiereba, guli moiTqvas kacma
ubedurebis Semdeg, suli daimSvidos, gaixsenos Tavisi warsuli netareba,

17
Rirseulad daafasos Tavisi danaklisi, rom SesZlos Tavisi mexsierebis da
warmosaxvis SeerTeba, mexsierebiT _ warsuli netarebis asaxva, warmosaxviT –
warsuli sitkboebis damSveneba da xelovnurad gamoyeneba Tavis niWisa. mxolod
maSin SegiZliaT mSvidad da kargad ilaparakoT. poetebi mxolod gvarwmuneben rom
stirian, namdvilad ki isini ar stirian, roca mkafio epitets daeZeben, ar stirian,
roca cdiloben TavianT leqs harmoniuloba mianiWon. xolo rodesac isini marTlac
cremlebsa Rvrian, _ maSin xelTagan kalami uvardebaT, maT grZnobebi euflebaT da
Txzvas atoveben.
magram mZvinvari netarebac bevria, rogoradac Rrma, gulismwyvleli mwuxareba;
sruliad munjebia orive, gulCvil, mgrZnobier kacs sruliad moulodnelad
estumra karga xnis dakarguli megobari. guli auCuyda maspinZels, mivarda, moexvia,
veRarc risame Tqma SesZlo, veRarc Rimili; raRac luRluRebda, TviTonac ar icoda
ras ambobda. aRarc Tavis megobris sityva eyureboda, rom daenaxa, rom megobars imis
aRtacebis natamalic ar etyoboda, guli moukvdeboda ubedurs. axala Tqven
miTxariT, ramdenad yalbia Teatraluri Sexvedra didi xnis erTmaneTis unaxav
megobrebisa da imaTi darbaisluri baasi da gulcivoba. ras ar vityodi im uazro,
magram enamzian kamaTis Sesaxeb, romelic atydeba xolme xumrobiT, _ vin mokvdeba,
vin ar mokvdebao, rom Zalian Sors ar gagvitacebdes da mogvaSorebdes Cveni
saubris sagans... naTqvami savsebiT sakmarisia didi da kargi gemovnebis
adamianebisaTvis; sxvebs ki mainc verafers Seasmen, rac ar unda davumato naTqvams.
magram saqme is aris, vin ixsnis am saerTo Seusabamobisagan Cvens Teatrs? msaxiobi ?
mere rogori msaxiobi?
SeiZleba aTasgvari SemTxveva moviyvano, sadac iseve mavnebelia grZnobiereba
sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi, rogoradac TeatrSi. ai, ori mijnuri. erTsac da
meoresac gagiJebiT Tunda Tavis siyvarulis gamoTqma. romeli ufro kargad
moaxerxebs? mainc da mainc me vera. maxsovs, TrTola mereoda, Cems satrfos rom
mivuaxlovdebodi, guli mifancqalebda, fiqri mekargeboda, xma miwydeboda, uazrod
vlaparakobdi, aras vupasuxebdi, sadac ho iyo saTqmeli; marcxs marcxi mosdevda,
uSnoobas uSnooba, sasacilo viyav TaviTfexebamde; vxedavdi, vgrZnobdi amas da miT
ufro sasacilod vxdebodi, swored im dros, rodesac iqve, Cem Tvalwin sul
sxvafriv iqceoda Cemi metoqe, _ gulmxiaruli, saamo, cocxali biWi, gamge Tavis
grZnobierebisa, romelic yoveli SemTxveviT sargeblobda, rom guliswarmtac
xotbiT miemarTa, Tan arTobda, Tavs awonebda, netarebiTad tkbeboda; xelis Sexeba
undoda odnav da mTel xels udebdnen xelSi; zogjer isic sargeblobda,
daurideblad ewafeboda im xels da veRar ZReboda misi kocniT. me ki iqve viyav
kunWulSi abuzuli, Tvals varidebdi Cem amaSfoTebel suraTs, gulSive viklavdi
oxvras, Cems TiTebze vcdilobdi javris amoyras; guli mikvdeboda, Wiris ofli
madga da aRarc damalva SemeZlo Cemi varamisa, aRarc gamoTqma. ar maxsovs, vis
uTqvams siyvaruli rom gonebas waarTmevs goniers, waiRebs da ugunurs miuZRvniso,
ese igi, kai franguliT rom vTqvaT, siyvaruli zogs grZnobierada hxdis da axelebs,
zogs ki, gulgrilsa xdis, aguladebs da abedvinebso.
mgrZmnobieri adamiani emorCileba Tavisi bunebis biZgs da mxolod Tavis
gulis grZnobas gamosTqvams; magram rodesac azomierebs, an aZlierebs Tavis gulis
grZnobas, is ki aRar aris, rac iyo, aramed msaxiobi aris, romelic ardgens.
kargi msaxiobi dakvirvebiT sinjavs yovel movlenas; mgrZnobieri adamiani
modeli aris imisaTvis, naxulis Segnebas cdilobs, fiqriT ikvlevs, ra aklia am
models, rom srulhqmnas, an ra aqvs meti rom gadaWarbeba ar etybodes. dakvirvebiT,
fiqriT hqmnis Tavis models.
pirvelad rom warmoadgines `inesa de kastro~ 26 bavSvebi rom gamoCndenen
scenazed, parterma sicili daiwyo. inesis rols la duklo27 asrulebda; aRSfoTda
da dauridebliv mimarTa mayurebelT: _`maS ris briyvi parteri iqneba, Tu ki
siciliT ar miiRebs saukeTeso, gulsaklav scenas~ _ parterma gaigona es sityva,
Tavi Seikava. qalma ganagrZo Tavisi roli, da Tavsi TamaSiT da cremliT aatira
mTeli parteri. axla ras ityviT: nuTu SeiZleba, Rrmad grZnobdes rasme adamiani,
Rrmad igrZnos imav dros axla sxva da is gamoTqvas? nuTu SeiZleba mwuxarebiT
aRsavse gulma ucbad aRSfoTeba gamoiCinos da myisve mwuxarebad Seicvalos es

18
aRSfoTeba? me es ver warmomidgenia. is ki kargada maqvs warmodgenili, rom
aRSfoTeba duklosi namdvili iyo da mwuxareba ki TvalTmaqcuri.
kino-dufreni28 asrulebs severis rols `polievktSi~. xelmwife deciusma is
gagzavna qristianebis sadevnelad. severi megobars uziarebs Tavis idumal grZnobebs
am cilwamebul moZRvrebisadmi. piesaSi daxatul garemoebaTa mixedviT, Cumad unda
yofiliyo warmodgenili es saidumlo baasi, radgan yuri rom moekra visme, severs
SeiZleboda xelmwifis ndobac dahkargoda, Tanamdebobac, qonebac, Tavisuflebac da
iqneb sicocxlec. Cumad, odnav gasagonad, mimdinareobda baasi. _xmamaRlad! _
Sehyvira parterma ... _ `Tqvenc xmadablad~ upasuxa kinom...~ da gana suliT da guliT
rom marTla severi yofiliyo, ise ucbad kinod iqceoda? arada ara. es marto imas
SeuZlia, vinc baton-patronia da sruli gamgebeli Tavis grZnobierebisa, iseTs,
rogorc kinoa, iSviaT msaxiobs, xelovnebiT aRsavses, rom Tavis survilisamebr xan
daifaros da xan moixsnas niRabi. leken-nini29 Cavida Tavis mamis akldamaSi, yeli
gamosWra iq Tavis dedas da amovida gasisxlianebuli xelebiT. gacofebulia kaci,
kankali moereva TaviTfexebamde, Tvalebi arevia, Tma aSlia. SehyurebT da grZnobT,
rom Tqvenc igve grZnoba gerevaT, xelfexi giTrTiT SiSiT, iseve gancvifrebuli
xarT, rogorc is aris. is ki fexiT briliantis sayures miagorebs kulisebisaken...
erTerT msaxiob-qals rom davardnia. ganicdis Tu ara es msaxiobi? SeuZlebelia.
magram xom ver ityviT. _cudi msaxiobi ariso? gulciv adamians, romelic grZnobiT
arafers grZnobs, magram sagangebod ardgens grZnobierebas, tyuilad iZaxis: _ `ra
vqna, sada varo? _ mec mokled vupasuxeb: _ Zalian kargad ici, sadaca xar. scenazeda
xar da swored axlaxan gaagore sayure kulisebisaken~.
gagiJebiT uyvars msaxiobs erTi msaxiobi qali. SemTxveviT erTi scena aqvT
wasrmosadgeni, eWvianobis scena. saucxovod iqneba naTamaSevi es scena, Tu msaxiobi
SuaTana niWis kacia; da mTlad waxdeba, Tu is namdvili msaxiobia. am SemTxvevaSi
xelovnad artisti TavisTavad xdeba da sruliad aviwydeba is idealuri da
mSvenieri modeli eWvianobisa, romliTac is xelovnurad sargeblobda.
dasamtkiceblad imisa, rom am SemTxvevaSi cxovrebisaken eSvebian erTic da meorec,
da TavisTavad xdebian isica kmara, rom sicili waskdeba orTaves, Tu moindomes
maRal fardebiT sargebloba: maRalfardovani tragikuli eWvianoba mxolod TavianT
grZnobis gabervad da gabRinZvad moeCvenebodaT.

meore

diaR, magram bunebrivi sinamdvile ki iqneboda.

pirveli

rogorc bunebrivi sinamdvile aris skulptoris qandakebaSi, romelsac

uvargisi modeli hyavda. SeiZleba aRtacebuli iyoT amgvari WeSmaritebiT, magram
TviT nawarmoebi metad umniSvnelod da sasacilod miiCnioT.
mets mogaxsenebT: visac gadawyvetili aqvs sustad aasrulos Tavisi roli,
Tavis bunebisad unda iTamaSos, erTi tartiufi brZandebiT maSin, erTi Zunwi, erTi,
mizantropi; kargad iTamaSebT maT scenaze, magram imas ki ver warmoigvidgenT, rac
poetma Sehqmna: radgan iman Sehqmna namdvili tartiufi, namdvili Zunwi da namdvili
mizantropi.

meore

da ra gansxvavebiT arCevT erTmaneTisagan tartiufs erTi tartiufisagan?

pirveli

E erTi tartiufia noqari biari, erTi tartiufia mRvdeli grizeli, magram

tartiufi ki ar aris. erTi Zunwi iyo sovdagari tuanari30, magram molieris Zunwi ki

19
ar iyo. Yyvela moagrova poetma rac qveyanaze tuanarebi aris da grizelebi. imaT
mixedviT Seqmna Tavsi Zunwi da tartiufi; aq gamoxatulia maTi nametnavad sazogado
da nametnavad damaxasiaTebeli Tvisebebi. Mmolieris Zunwi da tartiufi ar
warmoadgens romelime UZunwis, an muzmuzelis zust suraTs, da amitom aris, rom
arc erTi maTgani ar icnobs im suraTSi Tavis Tavs.
sxartulad Sedgenil komediebs da TviT xasiaTebis komediebsac ki, yovelTvis
axasiaTebs gadaWarbeba. sazogadoebaSi naTqvami sxartuli sityva patara qafia,
susti, romelic umniSvnelod gaqreba scenaze; Teatris sxartuli ki maxvili aris
mWreli, romelic sisxls adens sazogadoebas. warmosaxul pirT im moridebiT ar
eqceva adamiani romliTac realur adamianebs mimarTavs.
satira tartiufisken, komedia ki ganxorcielebas warmoadgens tartiufebisas,
satira sdevnis biwiers, komedia ki biwierebas. erTi oris meti rom ara gyvavdes
pranWia qali, kargi satiriT gaamasxaravebdiT da ara komediiT.
midiT la grenesTan31 da sTxoveT `mxatvrobis~ gamosaxva, darwmunebuli iqneba,
rom sruliad daakmayofilebs Tqvens Txovnas, rodesac Tavis tiloze erT qals
dahxatavs molbertTan, xelSi funjiT. sTxoveT `poeziis~ daxatva; imave qals
dahxatavs Rame, lampiT ganaTebul oTaxSi, wamowolils, Tmaawewils, odnav mosils,
romelic kiTxulobs da fiqrobs. sTxoveT `poeziis~ daxatva; imave qals
dagixatavT, oRond Tavze dafnis gvirgvins daaxuravs da xelSi daxveul qaRalds
Caudebs. rom uTxraT, `musika~ damixateo, imave qals gaCvenebT, oRond qaRaldis
magivrad Cangs miscems xelSi. sTxoveT `mSvenierebis daxatva~, imas da imaze
ukeTess xelovansac; an Zaliana vcdebi, an, Tu ar vcdebi, darwmunebuli iqneba
mxatvari, rom Tqven imisgan lamazi qalis saxis meti ara gindaT ra... Tqven
msaxiobsac da mxatvarsac erTi da igive Secdoma mosdiT da ai, ras etyviT am
Secdomisas: _`Tqveni naxatic da Tqveni warmodgenilic suraTebi aris kerZo
pirebisa; es suraTebi gacilebiT dabla dgas, vidre is sayovelTao idea, romelic
poetma dagvisaxa, da is idealuri modeli, romlis asli mindoda Tqvengan mimeRo.
Tqveni daxatuli qalia, lamazi aris, Zalian lamazi, magram eg aris mSveniereba;
iseve Sors udgas Tqveni warmodgenili Tqvens models, rogorc Tqveni modeli-
ideals...

meore

da gana landi ar aris eg Tqveni idealuri modeli?

Ppirveli

Llandi rad iqneba?

Mmeore

Tu idealuri aris, maS arc arsebobs, da SegrZneba ki marto imisi SeiZleba,

rac sagrZnobi aris.

Ppirveli

20
 eg egre, magram aviRoT xelovneba Tavis dasawyisSi, qandakeba magaliTebr,
rac Sexvda, pirvelad is gamohsaxa moqandakem, is ixmara modelad, mere naxa,
rom sxvac bevria, imis modelze ukeTesi, da axla is arCia; irCevda modelebs da
Tan uxeS naklvanebas nelnela asworebda, ise rom xangZlivi Sromis wyalibiT
imisTana sruli figura gamoaqandaka, romelic bunebaSi ar moipoeba.
Mmeore

Aar moipoveba? ratom?

Ppirveli

imitom, rom SeuZlebelia iyves iseTi rTuli agebulebis ganviTareba,

rogoric aris adamiani. SediT tiuleris baRSi, an elizes moedanze gaiareT
uqme dRes; daacqerdiT yvela qalebs, romlebic xeivnebs avseben, da erTs ver
ipoviT, erTs, rom sruliad erTnairi hqondes bagis orive kuTxe. danae
ticianisa aris portreti. mis taxTan daxatuli amuri aris ideali; rafielis
suraTSi, romelic b. tieris galereidan ekaterine meorisaSi 32 gadavida, wm.
iosebi yvelaseburi adamiani aris, RvTismSobeli _mSvenieri realuri qali,
bavSvi ieso aris ideali. magram, Tu gnebavT ufro guldasmiT gaecnoT
xelovnebis am ganyenebul principebs, maSin Cems `salonebs~ 33 wagakiTxebT.

meore

didi qeba gavigone amas winad Tqveni werilebisa. erTi metad mcodne da
didi gemovnebis kaci...

pirveli
b. sauri?34

meore
da kidev qali laparakobda, romels angelozebr umanko sulTan
sagangebo gemovneba amkobs...

pirveli

qalbatoni nekkeri? 35

meore

magram modiT, Cvens sagans davubrundeT.

pirveli

geTanxmebiT, Tumca me saTnoebis qeba ufro momwons, vidre amao

sakiTxebis ganmarteba.

meore

21
 kino-dufreni didebuli iyo xasiaTiT da sakvirvelad kargad ardgenda
`didebuls~ 36.

pirveli

marTalia, magram ra iciT, TavisTavs girdgendaT? an ratom ar SeiZleba,

rom TviTbunebas Seeqmnas es didebuli adamiani, Zalian miaxlovebuli im
sazRvars, romelic erTmaneTs aSorebs idealur da realur mSvenierebas?

meore

ver gavige Tqveni naTqvami.

pirveli

Cems `salonebSi” ufro gasagebad maqvs laparaki am sakiTxze da girCevT

iq waikiTxoT Cemi azri erTob mSvenierebis Sesaxeb. manamde ki, es miTxariT, Tu
SeiZleba: kino-dufreni gana orosmani aris? ara, orosmani ar aris. magram vin
aris, an vin iqneba, rom imisaviT Seasrulos es roli? gana `modis
cruazrovnebis”37 gmiri iyo kino? ara, magram sakvirvel sinamdviliT TamaSobda
am piesaSi!

meore

Tqven rom mogyveT kaci, didi msaxiobi yvelaferic aris da sruliad

araferic.

pirveli

eg imitom albad, rom TiTon araferia, is SeiZleba yvelaferi iyos,

radgan is imisTana agebulebis qmnilebaa, rom misi kerZoeba sagangebod iguebs
ucxos Tvisebebs, romelic rolis asasruleblad dasWirdeba.
yvela im miRwevaTagan, romelnic emsaxurebodnen sasargeblo da mSvenier
xelovnebas msaxiobisas, an oratorisas, minda davasaxelo erTi uupatiosnesi,
erTi imaTgani, romlebic gangeb arian xelovnebis qurumad gaCenilni suliTac
da garegnobiTac, kiloTic da ieriTac, `Jil blazis”, `koWli qajis”,
`salamankel baSelies Zma” monmenili...38

meore

Svili lesaJisa, am ucnaur ojaxis mamisa...

pirveli

erTnairad mSvenivrad ardgenda arists `misanSi“, tartiufs am saxelis

komediaSi, maskarils `skapenis oinebSi“ veqils, anu b. gilioms farsSi `veqili
patleni“.

meore

22
 isica vnaxe.

pirveli

da Tqvenda gansacvifreblad am pirovnebaTa niRabi hqonda saxeze. cxadia,

es ar iyo misi bunebrivi saxe, radgan bunebam mxolod erTi saxiT dahbada;
sxvebi ki, cxadia, xelovnurad hqonda miTvisebuli da gamoyenebuli.
gana arsebobs xelovnuri grZnobiereba? magram xelovnuri iqneba, Tu
bunebriv-Tandayolili, yvela roli ar moiTxovs grZnobierebas. maS ras
warmoadgens bunebrivi, an SeTvisebuli Tviseba, romelic hqmnis didebul
msaxiobs Zunwis, moqeifis, mliqvnelis, mrisxvelis, Zalad eqimis, _ romelic
uaRresad ugrZnobi da uzneo kacia, romelic ki odesme poezias Seuqmnia; _
gaaznaurebul burJuis, eWviT avadmyofis da eWviT rqianis rolis asrulebaSi?
ras warmoadgens es Tviseba neronis, mitridatis, atreis, fokas, sartoriusis da
sxva mraval tragikul da komikur rolebis asrulebaSi, sadac grZnobiereba
diametriulad ewinaaRmdegeba rolis azrs? es gaxlavT unari _ advilad
Seignos da gadmosces, rasac ki moisurvebs. damijereT, nu gavamravlebT
mizezebs, rodesac erTica kmara yvela movlenis asaxsnelad.
xan poeti ufro metada grZnobs, vidre msaxiobi; xan kidev; da SeiZleba
ufro xSiradac, msaxiobi ufro amSvenebs da aZlierebs poetis daxatuls Tavis
modeliT; da araferia imisTana marTali, rogorc volteris sityva, TeatrSi
rom wamoiZaxa, rodesac kleroni TamaSobda erT imis piesaSi: _ `nuTu es Cemi
dawerilia?~ niSnavs Tu ara es imas, rom kleroni volterze ukeT azrovnebda?
kleroni rom Tavis saTqmels ambobda, im wams, scenaze imisi idealuri modeli,
romelic poetma Tavis naweriT dahxata; oRond is idealuri modeli TiTon
kleroni ar iyo, maS ras warmoadgenda imisi niWi? imis niWs SeZleba hqonoda
warmoesaxa didi landi da Tavisi geniiT warmoedgina igi scenaze. im lands
hbaZavda Tavisi moZraobiT, moqmedebiT, JestiT, Taviszed ukeTesis da mZlavris
ieriT. kleronma moaxerxa is, rac esxins, demosTenis sityvas rom ukiTxavda
Tavis mowafeebs, Tavis dReSi ver moexerxebina _ mxecis Rmuili. is eubneboda
Tavis mowafeebs: _ `sityva rom ase gaRelvebT, ra dagemarTebodaT Siaudivissetis
bestiam mugientem? _ rom gagegonaT mxecis Rmuili? poetma dasaxa saSineli mxeci
da kleronma aaRmuvla is mxeci.
sruli uazroba iqneba, rom grZnobiereba davarqvaT im unars, romliTac
ase advilad ardgens msaxiobi yovelgvar bunebas, mxecursac ki. grZnobiereba im
erTaderTi misaRebi ganmartebiT, romelic aqamdis rgebia am sityvas, aris, me
mgonia, is sulieri ganwyobileba, Tanarsi agebulebis sisustisa, Sedegi
diafragmisve moZraobisa, warmosaxvis simkvircxlisa, nervebis saTuTobisa,
romelic moiTxovs Sedarebas, TrTolvas, aRtacebas, SiSs, gulis fancqals,
Seryevas, yvirils, gaxelebas, gazviadebas, zizRs, WeSmaritebas, gagiJebas...
gaamravleT mgrZnobierni da miT gaamarTlebT imave tolferdobiT kargsa da
avs, saqebar da saZrax saqciels.
poetebo, iRvaweT Tqven mSobel gulkeTil erisaTvis, aRtacebul
qvelobiT aRsavse mgrZnobier erisaTvis; moizRudeniT rasinis harmoniul naz
elegiiT, rom gadarCeT Seqspiris sisxlis Rvras; es susti suli ver aitans
medgar Seryevas, da nu warudgenT mkacr suraTs, aCveneT Tu gnebavT, rom
mouklavs Svilsa mama, Tavi uWiravs xelSi
da jildosa Txoulobs am sazizRar saqmeSi...

magram amazed mets ki nurafers. rom SesZloT da homeris sityviT mimarToT: _

`sad mixval, ubeduro? nuTu jerac ar ici, rom me migzavnis zeca ubedur mamaTa
Svilebs? hoda, icode, ar geRirseba Sen datireba dediSenisa; ukve ganarTxulad
gxedav miwaze, yvavyorani dahxvevia Sens mZors, Tvalsa gTxrian Tavidan da guls
gikortnian cxared~. es rom uTxraT, guli gauskdebaT qalebs da _`saSineleba

23
ariso~! _Sehyvireben. da warmoidgineT, ra saSineleba iqneboda, rom scenazed eTqva
es sityva didebul artists da Tavisi xelovnuri deklamaciiT gaemZlavrebina.

meore

minda SegawyvetinoT da gkiTxoT, ras fiqrobT im larnakze, gabriel de

veruis rom miarTves: xom iciT, rom im larnakSi Tavis sayvarel rainds
dasisxlianebul gulsa hxedavs sawyali qali?39

pirveli

me imasa vfiqrob, rom kargi ram aris Tanamimdevroba; rodesac aRSfoTebas

iwvevs es warmodgena, aRar unda davuSvaT TvalgamoTxril edipis scenaze gamosvla
da unda gavagdoT scenidan filoqteti, romelsac ise awuxebs Wriloba, rom
mxeciviT Rmuis. uwindelebs, me mgonia, sul sxva warmodgena hqondaT tragediis
Sesaxeb. da es uwindelebi berZnebi iyvnen, aTenelebi, is Segnebuli xalxi, romelmac
axlandel xalxebisaTvis jerac miuRweveli modeli mogvca xelovnebis yvela
dargisa. esxili, sofokle, evripide, imas ki ar Sealevdnen mTel TavianT dros, rom
patara raRaca daeweraT, droebiT, swrafwarmavali aRtacebis gamosawvevad sadme
vaxSamze. isini cdilobdnen, Rrmad CaefiqrebinaT sazogadoeba ubedurTa
yofacxovrebis aRweriT; isini cdilobdnen ara marto garTobas da gamxiarulebas
sazogadoebisas, aramed mis gamosworebas da gaqvelebas. marTalni iyvnen?
scdebodnen? Tavis ganzraxvis misaRwevad evmenidebi gamohyavdaT scenaze, romlebic
kvaldakval misdevdnen mamis mkvlels, radgan cxvirSi xvdebodaT danTxeuli
sisxlis suni, da im suniT ikvlevdnen gzas. ganviTarebuli xalxi iyo da taSiT ar
ajildovebda _ aTasgvar daxlarTul intrigebs da xanjlebis trials, romelic
marto bavSvs gaaxarebs. Cemi azriT, tragedia istoriis mSvenieri furcelia,
romelic ramdenime gansazRvruli dasvenebiT aRiniSneba. Serifs40 elian. movida.
dahkiTxa mebatone soflisa. ubrZana, _uarhyav Seni sarwmuneobao. _is ar daemorCila.
Serifma sikvdiliT dasasjelad gahgzavna cixeSi. ubeduri qali mivida SerifTan,
rom Seebralebina rogorme Tavisi mama. isic dasTanxmda, oRond im SemTxvevaSi, Tu
qali danebdeboda. mebatone mohkles. aRSfoTebuli xalxi miesia Serifs. is gaiqca.
qalis mijnuri daewia, xanjalze aago da xalxiT SeCvenebuli mokvda mrisxane
Serifi. amaze meti ki ara unda ra poets, rom erTi didi Txzuleba Sehqmnas: qali
dedis saflavTan miva, rom hkiTxos, ra hmarTebs imisi. vinc sicocxle mianiWa? qals
warmodgenac ara aqvs imisi, rasac Serifi sTxovs; ar icis da rogor waixdens
saxels am danebebiT; ar icis da Tavis mijnursac gaurbis da imis siyvarulsac.
nebarTvas miiRebs, rom Tavisi mama naxos cixeSi. mama exveweba, _ xom giyvars da
uyvarxar Sens mijnurs, daqorwildiTo, - magram qali ar eTanxmeba da Serifs
nebdeba. amasobaSi mohklaven mis mamas. misi unamusobis Tqven jer ar iciT ra, sanam
misi mijnuri ar miva da mamis mokvlas ar acnobebs; maSin etyvis sasowarkveTili
qali, rogor gaswira Tavi mamis saSvelad, danebda Serifs da Tavis saxelis
gatexvas. aiSleba xalxi, mieseva Serifs da qalis mijnuri anderzs augebs im
sazizRars. ai, batono, nawili im garemoebebisa, romliTac savse iqneba amgvari
Sinaarsis Txzuleba.

meore
marto nawili?

pirveli

diaR, nawili. xom SeiZleba SeTanxmdnen mijnurebi da sTxovon mebatones, rom

Tavs uSvelos? xom SeiZleba, xalxma sTxovos _ Serific movklaT, imisi

24
Tanamosamsaxurenicao? xom SeiZleba, mRvdeli gamoCndes vinme, rom daicvas
sarwmuneobrivi Semwynarebloba? gana SeiZleba, rom amoden ubedurobis dros qalis
mijnuri arasa zrunavdes, gana ar SeiZleba, sxva ram damokidebulebac yofiliyos
moqmed pirTa Soris? iqneba SeiZlebodes, am damokidebulebaTa gamoyeneba? xom
SeiZleba, Serifis sayvareli yofiliyos mebatonis qali? maS aRSfoTebuli
SemoiWreba sofelSi Serifi, SurisZiebiT aRsavse, rom mamac dahsajos, romelmac is
soflidan gaagdo, da qalic romelmac ase samarcxvinod uRalata. rac unda sada da
ubralo iyos Sinaarsi, Tu moTmineba aqvs kacs, rom daufiqrdes, gaarTulebs kidec
da saintereso ambebiTac aavsebs. ra fers ar SesZens Sinaarss kaci, Tu ena uWris da
kalami emorCileba! dramaturgi poeti ar aris, Tu mWermetyveleba ara aqvs. mere vin
iqneba, rom ar daeswros amgvari nawarmoebis warmodgenas? aravin. dakiTxvis suraTi
dawvrilebiT iqneba warmodgenili. oRond neba damrTeT Tavisuflad warmovadgino;
magram modiT, isev Cvens sagans davubrundeT.
Sen mogiwodeb, ingliselo rosciuso41, saxelovano garriko, romelic yvela
erebis erTsulovani TanxmobiT upirveles msaxiobad iTvlebi qveynierebaSi,
damemowmo da damidasturo Cemi sityvebis simarTle. Sen ar miTxar, _ Tumca magrada
vgrZnob, metad sustad gamovCndebi, rogoric unda iyos vneba an xasiaTi, romelic me
unda warmovadgino, Tu Cemi fiqriT Cem zeviT ar aviwie, homerisebr maRal landamde,
da imas ar davemsgavse? da rodesac SeniSvna gagibede da giTxar, _ maS Sen
Seneburad ki ara, im landiseburad TamaSob-meTqi? _aRiare Seni pasuxi: gana ar
miTxar, - scenaze rom var, ase momxiblavi imitoma var, rom mes -ki ara, landad
agebul arsebas warmovadgeno?

meore

suls didebul artistisas Seadgens saTuTi elementi, romeliTac sivrces

avsebda Cveni filosofosi; arc civia es elementi, arc Tbili; arc mzime, arc
msubuqi; araviTar gansazRvrul formas ar warmoadgens, iguebs yvela formas da
miTvisebiT ki arc erTs ar iTvisebs.

pirveli

fortepiani ki ar aris didi artisti, an Cangi, an violoni da violonCeli;

ara aqvs imas Tavisi `akordi~, rom miT sargeblobdes; magram kargad icis im
akordis da im kilos aReba, romelic saukeTesod Seefereba imis rols, da amitom
SeuZlia yovelgvari rolis Sesruleba. me metad didi azrisa gaxlavarT xelovan
artistis Sesaxeb: iSviaTi aris es adamiani, iseve iSviaTi da iqneba ufro iSviaTic,
vidre didi poeti.
sazogadoebaSi rom gamoCndeba vinme, romelic Tavisda saubedurod yvelas
moswons, TiTon araferia, Tavisi ara aqvs ra, rom sxvasTagan gansxvavdebodes, Tavisi
ara aqvs ra, rom zogs mohxiblavdes da zogs dahRlides; yovelTvis laparakobs da
kargadac laparakobs: mliqvneli gaxlavT xelobiT, didi kurtizani da didi
msaxiobi.

meore

didi kurtizani, maS bavSobidanve mieCveoda im rols morCilebisas, romelic

yovelgvar formiT gamoisaxeba da damokidebulia am mliqvnelis batonis survilze;
am baton-patrons bawariTa hyavs saTamaSosaviT dabmuli Tavisi kurtizani da,
rogorc unda, ise aTamaSebs.

pirveli

didebuli msaxiobic sakvirvel saTamaSosaviTa hyavs poets da Tavis yoveli

striqoniT aCvenebs namdvil formas, romelic man unda ganasaxieros.

25
 meore

maSasadame vinme kurtizani, an msaxiobi, romlebmac erTi forma unda miiRon

TavianTi rolis asasruleblad, sagangebod mSvenieric rom iyos es forma da
saintereso, mainc sxvis saTamaSos warmoadgenen, bawariT aTamaSebuls?

pirveli

me ara maqvs ganzraxva cili davwamo im profesias, romelic miyvars da

Tayvans vcem: me vgulisxmob msaxiobis profesias. laxvariviT momxvdeba gulSi
fiqri, rom SeiZleba Cemma cudad gagebulma SeniSvnam, Cemma ganmartebam raime
Crdili miayenos iSviaTi niWis da sazogadoebriv sargeblobis pirT, biwierebis da
crumorwmuneobis mamxilebelT, uaRresad mWermetyvel mqadagebelT patiosnebis da
saTnoebisas, Solts, romlis saSualebiT sdevnis da Zirs uTxris geniosi borotebas
da TvalTmaqcebs, Tvali gadaavleT Cvens cxovrebas da darwmundebiT, rom dRedaRam
mxiarul adamianebs arc didi Rirseba aqvT rame, arc didi naklulovaneba; rom
profesionali masxarebi Cveulebrivad qarafSutebi arian, araviTari mtkice principi
ara aqvT, da isinic ki romelTac sakuTari xasaiTi ar gaaCniaT da vinc cotaTi
yvelas Camohgavs, sagangebod ardgenen sxviseburebas.
xom mamaca hyavs msaxiobs, dedac, colic, Svilebic, Zmebi da debi, nacnobebi,
megobrebi da sayvarelic. is rom marTla aRWurvili iyos im uaRres grZnobierebiT,
romelic mis profesiis umTavres Tvisebad miaCniaT, imasac rom awuxebdes, rogorc
Cven, is vaivaglaxi cxovrebisa, romelic guls gviwylavs vaebiT da Tan daRs asvams
Cvens suls, sadRa moiclida ubeduri Cvens gasarTobad? ganaRa darCeba kidev dro,
rom xelovnebas emasxuros da mere ase xelovnurad? Zalian cotaRa. amaod ecdeba
sasaxlis Teatris direqtori Tavis uflebis gamoyenebas, _erT pasuxs mouWris
xSirad msaxiobi: _ `batono Cemo, me dRes sicili ar SemiZlia, radgan guls
miwylavs... Tqveni agamemnoni ki ara, me Cemi maqvs satireli~. _ msaxiobebi ki, sxvaTa
Soris, Zalze iSviaTad amboben uars TamaSze, TumcaRa cxovrebis Wirvarami,
imaTTvisac iseve xSiria, rogorc CvenTvis, da ufro mkacric maTi Tavisufali
moRvaweobisaTvis.
sazogadoebaSi rom arian artistebi, Tu masxaroba ar daiwyes, zrdilni arian,
cxargulsityvosanni, moridebulni, saluqni, mxarjav - mflangvelni, interesiT
mayurebelni, da Cveni sasacilo ufro iqcevs maT yuradRebas, vidre Cveni satkivari;
damjdari gonebiT uyureben raime usiamovno movlenas da iseve ismenen rame
aRmtyinebel ambavs. erTob ki ganmartoebulni arian, didebulTa morCilni, xetiali
uyvarT; zneoba _ metad naklebi; araviTari megobroba; araferi _ im wminda da
Zvirfasi kavSirisa, romelic Cvenada hqmnis sxvis netarebas da varams, radgan im
sxvebasc Tavisad miaCniaT Cveni netareba da varami. xSirad minaxavs scenis gared
msaxiobis sicili. magram tirili ki Cems dReSi ara. maS sada aqvT, ras uSvrebian im
grZnobierebas, romelsac isakuTreben da Tavs iwoneben? iqneba scenaze stoveben
Camosvlisas da kvlav aRiWurvebian, roca scenas ubrundebian?
maS ra aris, rom Teatrisken izidavs am xalxs? simcire swavlisa, gaWirveba da
garyvnileba; Teatri yovelTvis saSualeba aris, magram arasodes _ mizani. SemTxveva
ara yofila, rom saTno ganzraxviT, sazogadoebisadmi sasargeblo moRvaweobiT da
Tavis samSoblos da ojaxis sikeTiT yofiliyos gatacebuli Teatris moRvawed
Semavali kaci. am profesias rom irCevs kaci, mas ara aqvs raime keTilSobili
ganzraxva, rom imis meoxeobiT am mSvenieri profesiisken wavides Segnebuli,
patiosani, mgrZnobieri adamiani.
TiTon mec Cem siymawvileSi didxans vmeryeobdi universitetsa da franguli
komediis Teatrs Sua; zamTarSi, rodesac saSineli yinva idga da baRSi aRaravin
meguleboda, luqseburgis baRSi mivdiodi, rom iq xmamaRliv warmomeTqva molieris,
an kornelis rolebi. riT iyo gamowveuli es TeatriT gataceba? taSiT vyofiliyav
dajildoebuli? iqneba egec iyo. davaxlovebodi Teatris qalebs, romlebic
usazRvrod momxibvlelad meCvenebodnen da advilad dasayolieblad? ra Tqma unda,
rom egec iyo. ar vici, ras ar vizamdi, oRond ki gossens movwonebodi, romelic im

26
dros iwyeboda Tavis artistul moRvaweobas da ganxorcielebuli mSveniereba iyo?
an kidev danJvils42 Sevyvarebodi, romelic momxiblavad moCanda scenaze?
viRacas uTqvams, msaxiobs araviTari xasaiTi ara aqvs, radgan yovelgvar
xasiaTis kacs ardgens, da amasobaSi hkargavs imasac, rac bunebam mianiWao. da bolos
yalibdeba kidec, rogoradac Tavis profesiiT guli uqvavdeba eqims, dostaqars da
yasabs. me mgonia, rom amisma mTqmelma mizezi Sedegad miiRo, radgan Tu msaxiobi
ardgens yovelgvari xasaiTis adamians, eg marto imitom, rom Tavisi ara aqvs.

meore

adamiani gulqvad imitom ki ara xdeba, rom jalaTia, aramed imitom xdeba
jalaTad, rom gulqva aris.

pirveli

vikvlev. vakvirdebi msaxiobT da verafersa vpoveb imaTSi imisTanas, romliTac

danarCens moqalaqeTagan ganirCevodnen, Tu imaTi amaoba ar aRvniSneT, romelsac
SeiZleba kadniereba vuwodoT, da Suri romelic siZulviliT da mtrobiT avsebs
imaT wres, arc erTi sazogadoeba ar aris iseTi, rogoric msaxiobebisaa, sadac
yvela saerTo interesi da agreTve interesi sazogadoebisa mudam da urcxvad
iSleba da iTeleba wvrilmani SuriT da TavmoyvareobiT. poeti ufro advilad
aitans Tavis amxanagis piesis gamarjvebas, vidre msaxiobi qali Tavisi amxanagis
sazogadoebisagan taSiT dajildoebas, rasac Sedegad saxelovani an mdidari
moqeifis yuradReba mohyveba da qalis garyvna. didebulad geCvenebian msaxiobebi
scenaze, radgan maRali suli udgaTo, _ iZaxiT; me ki patarebad meCvenebian da
mdablad sazogadoebaSi, radgan sulac ara aqvT aseTi suli: sityva-pasuxi da kilo
kamilasi aqvT da beber horaciosi, zne_Cveuleba ki frozinis da sganarelisa. axla
Tqven miTxariT, ra vixmaro safuZvlad, rom maTi gulis siRrmeSi Cavixedo: is sityva
sxvisi, romelsac ase saswaulebriv xelovnurad magoneben scenidan, Tu imaTi
saqcieli da cxovreba?

meore

mere uwindeli molierebi, kinoebi, monmenilebi? dRevandeli brizari da

kaio43, romelTac erTnairis pativiscemiT egebeba didi da patara, romelTac
sruliad uSiSrad miandobdiT Tqvens saidumlos da Tqvens qisas, da romelTanac
ufro metad iqneboda daculi patiosneba Tqveni meuRlisa da umankoeba Tqveni
asulisa, vidre sasaxlis romelime didebulTan an Cveni sakurTxevlebis didad
pativcemul msaxurTan?

pirveli

gadametebuli ar aris eg qeba. mec is mawuxebs, rom emagre qeba msaxiobisa ase
iSviaTad mesmis, da isic sul ori-sami kacisa; me is mawuxebs, rom im adamianTa
wreSi, romelTac TviT TavianTi profesiis gamo unda axasiaTebdeT es Tvisebani,
romlebic uamrav sxva RirsebaTa Zvirfasi da mdidari wyaroa, aseT iSviaT movlenas
warmoadgens darbaiseli msaxiobi da patiosani msaxiobi qali.
aqedan gamovitanoT daskvna, rom scdeba, visac hgonia, rom msaxiobs raRac
upiratesoba aqvs gansakuTrebuli, diadi grZnobiereba; kidec rom hqondes es
grZnobiereba, romelic sazogadoebaSic iseve kargad gamoCndeba, rogorc scenaze,
arc misi xasiaTis safuZvelia es Tviseba da arc imisi warmatebis mizezia. am
grZnobierebisa imdeni aqvT msaxiobebs, ramdenic yvela sxva wodebis sazogadoebisas,

27
arc meti arc naklebi; da, Tu ase cotani gvyvanan didebuli msaxiobebi, es imitom,
rom mSoblebi TeatrisaTvis arasdros ara zrdian da ar amzadeben TavianT Svilebs;
siymawvileSive ar uxsnian Teatris mniSvnelobas da ar unergaven Teatris
siyvaruls. Cvenda samwuxarod msaxiobebis dass natamalic ara aqvs im Segnebuli
sazogadoebisa, an amxangebisa, romelsac valad udvia Sekrebil xalxs mimarTos
sityviT, rom ganaviTaros, Tvali auxilos, swor gzaze daayenos, avis da kargis
garCeva Seagnebinos; es, raRa Tqma unda, Cveni sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis bralia,
radgan am mxriv araviTar mniSvnelobas ar aZlevs Teatrs, ar aqezebs, ar axalisebs.
sazogadoebis yvela wridan, yvela ojaxidan unda gamogvyavdes xelovnebisadmi
midrekili, TeatrisaTvis sasargeblo ymawvilkacoba, rogorc dRes samxedro
samsaxurisaTvis, marTlmsajulebisaTvis an sarwmuneobisaTvis gamogvyavs
Tavisufali arCevanisa da maTi bunebrivi miswrafebis mixedviT, rom Teatrma Tavisi
daniSnuleba Seignos da wmindad Seasrulos.

meore

awindeli masxiobis damamcirebeli mdgomareoba, me mgonia, ubeduri

memkvidreoba unda iyos, ZvelTagan naanderZevi.

pirveli
agrea, agre.

meore

dRes rom iwyebodes Teatris arseboba, rodesac meti viciT, iqneba... magram
yurs ar migdebT. raze dafiqrdiT, netavi?

pirveli

isev im azrs davufiqrdi, _ ra gavlena eqneboda Teatrs sazogadoebis

gemovnebis da CveulebaTa ganviTarebaze, patiosnebi rom yofiliyvnen msaxiobebi da
saTanadod pativcemuli rom yofiliyo imaTi profesia. gana aris sadme poeti, rom
gahbedos da urCios patiosan kacs, _ modi cota ram saxalxod warmosTqvi uricxvi
da uxeSio? an Cveni wris qalebiviT patiosan qalebs urCios, _ mravalricxovani
krebulis winaSe urcxvad warmosTqvan rame imisTana, romelic WarxaliviT awiTlebs,
martodmartomac rom gaigonos Tavis ojaxSi? aRarsad aris amisTana. Cveni
dramturgi _ mwerlebi maSin miaRwevdnen srul siwmindes, sifaqizes, eleganturobas,
romelsac jer xSirad hRaltoben TavisdaSeumCnevlad. da nuTu ggoniaT, rom es
gavlenas ar moaxdenda xalxis sulier ganwyobilebaze?

meore

magaze SeiZleba Sesaferi pasuxi mogcen; giTxran, rom Tqvens patiosan

msaxiobebs mouxdebodaT TavianTi repertuaridan gamoericxaT sword is piesebi _
Zvelic da axalic, _ romelsac Cven gansakuTrebulis siamovnebiT vasrulebT
sazogadoebaSi 44.

pirveli

28
 mere ra vuyoT, rom Cveni sazogadoebis wevrebi xandaxan Tavs imdableben da
sazizRar masxaraobas sCadian? gana is ar emjobineba, gana is ufro sasurveli da
saasrgeblo ar iqneba, rom Cveni msaxiobic ise amaRldes, rom sazogadoebis
saukeTeso wevrs arafriT dauvardes?

meore

arc agre advilia kacis gardaqmna

pirveli

Cemi `ojaxis Tavi~ 45 rom warmovadgineT, policiis ufrosi cdilobda

daverwmunebine, rom am mimarTulebiT ganmegrZo Cemi mwerloba.

meore

da raRad miatoveT eg mimarTuleba?

pirveli

radgan ise kargad ver miiRo sazogadoebam Cemi piesa, rogorc me mqonda
warmodgenili, aRarc im cTunebas avyev, rom ukeTess raimes davwerdi, Tavi mivnebe im
asparezs, romelzedac gasvlas meti niWi esaWiroeba, vidre me maqvs.

meore

da rad aris, rom Tqveni piesa, romelic dRes Teatris darbazs xalxiTa
avsebs jer isev xuTis naxevarzed, da romelsac warmosadgenad acxadeben msaxiobebi,
rogorc ki erTi aTasiode franki dasWirdebaT, ise ugulod miiRo sazogadoebam,
pirvelad rom gaitaneT scenaze?

pirveli

zogi amtkicebda, _ metad garTulebulia, bunebrivs daSorebuli Cveni

cxovreba, rom emagisTana ubralos miveCvivneTo... metad garyvnilni varT, rom
magisTana brZnuli ram moviwonoTo...
meore
marTali uTqvamT.

pirveli

magram kargad daamtkica gamocdilebam, rom marTali ar iyo es debuleba,

radgan, mgonia, rac maSin viyaviT, dResac isa varT, ukeTesoba ar dagvtyobia. garda
amisa, marTals da patiosans imdeni gavlena aqvs Cvenze, rom, Tu poetis Txzulebas
aqvs Rirseba da poetic Tu niWieria, uzrunvelyofilia misi gamarjveba. marTals
maSin natrobs adamiani, rodesac tyuili aris gamarjvebuli; Teatric maSin aris
xolme gansakuTrebiT wminda, rodesac garyvnileba aris gamefebuli. franguli
komediis Teatris karTan rom miva kaci, iqve SesavalSi stovebs yovel Tavis biws,
rom Tanve waiRos, Sinisaken rom wava. Teatris darbazSi ki, warmodgenas rom hxedavs
da ismens, ukve srulsamarTliani adamiania, miudgomeli, keTili mama, erTguli
megobari, Tayvanismcemeli saTnoebisa. ramdenime SemTxveva maxsovs: gverdiT mijda
avkacobiT gaTqmuli mayurebeli da gulwrfelad hgmobda imisTana saqciels,
romelsac TviTonve Caidenda, imave pirobebSi rom Caegdo sadme namdvil cxovrebas,
romelSic poetma Caayena Tavisi sazizRari gasakicxi gmiri... ver movaxerxe maSin
sazogadoebis dakmayofileba, radgan mayureblebisTvisac ucxo iyo Cemi mxatvroba,

29
da TiTon msaxiobebisaTvisac. maSinac iyo da axlac aris gavrcelebuli erTgvari
cru cneba egreTwodebul cremliani komediisa. garda amisa mravali mteri myavda
sasaxleSi, qalaqSi, mTavrobaSi, sarwmuneobaSi da mwerlobaSic.

meore

mere riTi gamoiwvieT magodeni mtroba?

pirveli

aba, ra mogaxsenoT, rom magisi mec ara vici ra/ Cems dReSi aravin amigdia
masxrad, arc didi, arc patara, rom Cemi satiriT damemsaxurebina es siZulvili;
warmatebis da bednierebisaken mimavalisTvis gza aravisTvis gadamiWria; oRond mec
im wreSi viyav, romelsac filosofosebs uwodeben, da maSin avi TvaliT uyurebdnen,
rogoradac saSiSar moqalaqeebs; imdenad saSiSrad mivaCndiT erT dros, rom
ministrma ori Tu sami kaci gamogvisia, sisxliT gaumaZRari Tavisi moxeleebi,
saTnoebis da ganaTlebis mosisxle mtrebi da yovlad uniWoebi. magram Tavi
davaneboT amas.

meore

miuxedavad imisa, rom am filosofosebma saerTod Zalian gaaZneles poetebis

da mwerlebis movaleoba. saxelovnobis mosapoveblad axal ukve aRar kmara patara
xotba, an uwmawuri Sairis Tqma.

pirveli

iqneba agrec iyos. ymawvili biWia, upatrono, wamxdari. Tavis droze arc
mxatvarTan isurva swavla da Sroma, arc moqandakesTan, arc sxvagan sadme, amaod
dahkarga saukeTeso xani Tavis sicocxlisa da, ager oci wlisaa, cxovreba uWirs;
arc saSualeba aqvs, arc saWiro codna, arc niWi. ra hqnas, sad wavides? jarSi, an
TeatrSi, sxva gza ara aqvs. da ai, Caewera moZrav_moxetiale dasSi; dayialebs
qveyanaSi da ase iyialebs, manam bedi ar gauRimebs da parizis TeatrSi ar SeaZvrens
sadme, rom warmateba naxos, Tu niWi aqvs rame. ai, kidev ymawvili gogo, garyvnilobis
da qeifiswumpeli. TiTonve Sercxva ubedurs Tavisi Tavisa, ramdenime roli iswavla
zepirad da erT dilas kleronTan mivida, rogorc uwindeli mona edilTan midioda,
an pretorTan* xeli dauWira kleronma, moabruna, jadoqruli wkepli Seaxo da
uTxra: `wadi, acine, an atire is doylapiebi!~
gandevnilni arian msaxiobebi eklesiidan. uimaTod ver gauZlia sazogadoebas
da mainc aTvalwunebuli hyavs, msaxiobi mona aris, sxvisi monis maTraxiT
damorCilebuli. nuTu SesaZleblad migaCniaT, rom amodeni xnis ganmavlobaSi amoden
damcirebas kvali ar daemCnia Tavis msxverplze? nuTu SesaZleblad migaCnaiT, rom
amsimZime sircxviliT datvirTuli suli umwikvlod darCeniliyo adamianSi, rom
kornelsac ki ar CamorCenoda?
mtarvalurad eqceva msaxiobs Cveni sazogadoeba 46 da isic mtarvalurad
eqceva avtors, da arc ki vici, vin ufro saZagelia: Tavxedi msaxiobi, Tu imis
Tavxedobis amtani mwerali?

meore

maS ra hqnas? Tu swers, kidec unda warmoadginos.

pirveli

*
edili romSi ganagebda sazogado TamaSs, pretori _marTlmsajulebas.

30
 da radac ar unda uRirdes, yvela msaxiobs mowyinda Tavisi xeloba. TeatrSi
nu SexvalT, karTan mieciT Sesasvleli qira da Tqveni aRara undaT ra, aRarc
Tqveni daswreba, aRarc Tqveni taSis kvra. erTxanad kargad moimses jibe da kinaRam
SemoiRes imaTTvis sasurveli wesi: an uarhyos avtorma Tavisi honorari, an arada
aRar warmovadgenT imis piesasao.

meore

dramaturgiis mospoba iqneboda, eg rom aesrulebinaT.

pirveli
mere imaT ra enaRvlebaT?

meore

mgonia, saTqmeli bevri aRaraferi geqnebaT.

pirveli

scdebiT, batono, minda xeli dagiWiroT da kleronTan SegiyvanoT,

Seudarebel jadosanTan.

meore

magazedac xom ver ityviT... kleroni amayobda Tavsi profesiiT.

pirveli

rogorc iamayeben yvela isini, vinc warmatebas moipovebs. Teatri aZulebuli

aqvs marto im msaxiobs, romelic iqidan mayurebels stveniT gamougdia. minda
kleroni gaCvenoT, rodesac marTla namdvilad aris ganrisxebuli. am dros rom
Tavisi Cveulebrivi ieri SeinarCunos, Tavisi kilo da gamoTqma, Tavisi Teatraluri
moZraoba mTeli Tavisi sarkazmiT da mTeli Tavisi medidurobiT, nuTu Tavs
SeikavebT da sicili ar wagskdebaT? ras ityodiT maSin? gana magiT pirdapir ar
metyodiT, rom namdvili grZnobiereba da naTamaSevi grZnobiereba erTi da igive ar
aris? TeatrSi rom genaxaT, aRtacebuli darCebodiT; aq ki iciniT. mere rad iciniT?
erTi egec mibrZaneT. eg imitom, rom namdvili gajavreba, bunebrivi gajavreba
kleronisa hgavs warmodgenil, TvalTmaqcur gajavrebas da Tqven Zalian kargad
iciT am gajavrebis, misi saxis da niRabis cnoba da gansxvaveba. maSasadame raime
vnebis suraTs rom hxedavT TeatrSi, es namdvili suraTi, ar aris vnebisa; es aris
vnebis gadaWarbebuli suraTi, didi karikatura, romelic kargad egueba da
akmayofilebs mayurebelTa moTxovnilebas. hoda, aba hkiTxeT Tqven Tavs, romelia
artisti, rom marTla mkacrad asrulebs am moTxovnilebas? romeli msaxiobia, rom
ukeT sargeblobs am nabrZaneb RvlarWnilobiT, _ Tavis sakuTari xasiaTis morCili
kaci, uxasiaTod dabadebuli kaci, Tu is, vinc Tavisas auqmebs, rom sxva ufro
sastiki xasiaTi gamoiCinos? bunebrivad Tavis Tavs warmoadgens kaci, mibaZviT ki
sxva kacad xdeba; im gulis patroni ar aris kaci, romlis patronad miaCnia Tavisi
Tavi. maS ra yofila namdvili niWi? namdvili niWi aris unari kargad Seiswavlon
nasesxebi sulis garegani Tvisebani, mimarTos Cven mayurebel-msmenelTa
grZnobierebas, moatyuos igini am TvisebaTa mibaZviT, imisTana mibaZviT, romelic

31
yvelafers adidebs mayurebelTa TvalSi, da imaT msjavris sazomad xdeba, radgan
SeuZlebelia sxvafriv davafasoT is, rac xdeba Cvens TavSi da gulSi. an ra
gvenaRvleba, netavi, grZnoben, rasac ardgenen, Tu ara grZnoben, oRond Cven es ar
vicodeT?
maSasadame uaRresad didebuli artisti is aris, vinc saukeTesod icis
garegani Tvisebani saukeTesod warmosaxul modelisa, da saukeTesod warmoadgens
mayurebelTa winaSe.

meore

hoda uaRresad didebuli poetic is aris, vinc am mxriv Zalian naklebad

datvirTavs didebul msaxiobs.

pirveli

magis Tqmas vapirebdi axla. rodesac didi xnis ganmavlobaSi Teatrs miCveuli
msaxiobebi cxovrebaSiac inarCuneben Teatralur niRbebs, rodesac sazogadoebaSic
brutad, cinnad, mitridatad, kornelad meropad, pompeid gamodian, iciT ras
Svrebian? erT patara, an didi suls, bunebismier zusti zomisad Seqmnils, urTaven
didsulovanis da bumberazis garegan Tvisebebs, romelic ara aqvs, da miT xdebian
sasaciloni.

meore

ar vici, Tqvenda SeumCnevlad iyo, Tu ganzraxviT, magram mkacri satiriT ki

dahsaxeT msaxiobic da dramaturgic!

pirveli
ratom ggoniaT?

meore

dameTanxmebiT, aravisTvis aris akrZaluli Zliersulovani da didsulovani

iyos; arc is aris akrZaluli, rom xeiriani qceva hqondes, Tavis sulis Seasferisi
sityva da saqme, da amitom namdvili didebis suraTi ar SeiZleba sacineli iyos.

pirveli
da aqedan daskvna

meore

ai, Zaladmacxonec aseTi unda! Tqven vera hbedavT Tqmas da gindaT me

momaxvioT Tqvens mier gamowveuli saerToO aRSfoTeba. aqedan daskvna: namdvili
tragedia aw unda Seiqmnas da uwindelebi, Tumca imaTac hqondaT naklulovaneba,
ufro axlo iyvnen namdvilTan, vidre Cvena varT.

pirveli

rac marTalia, marTalia. aRtacebuli var filoqtetis martiv, magram medgrad

naTqvami sityviT, neoptoles47 rom uTxra; gexsomebaT, ulisis waqezebiT
neoptolemma herkuless ramdenime isari mohpara; magram Sercxva neoptolems da
filoqtets daubruna. _ `hxedav, ra sazizRroba Cagidenia?... azradac ar mogdioda,

32
 rom sikvdils uqaddi ubedurs, sikvdils sevdiT da SimSiliT. Seni qurdoba sxvis
codva aris, da monanieba ki Senia. ara, Sens dReSi ar ganizraxavdi amgvar
saZaglobis Cadenas, marto rom yofiliyav. hoda, axal mainc warmoidgine, ramdenad
sasargeblo aris Seni xnis ymawvilisaTvis mxolod patiosan xalxSi gareva. ai, ra
SegZina erT ukeTurTan megobrobam. an rad ginda avkacobasTan daaxloveba? gana
magas airCevda sabralo mamaSeni Sens amxanagad da Sens megobrad? ras getyoda
patiosnebiT da RirsebiT aRsavse mamaSeni, romelsac sul Rirseuli mxedrebi hyavda
daaxlovebuli, erTad rom enaxeT Sen da ulisi?~ _ erT sityvasac ver ipoviT am
mimarTvaSi imisTanas, rom Tqven Cemi SvilisTvis ar geTqvaT, da me TqvenisTvis.

meore

eg marTalia
pirveli

da mSvenieric

meore

egec marTalia.

pirveli

gana am sityvis kilo, scenazed rom ityvis msaxiobi, sul sxva iqneba, vidre is
kilo, romliTac sazogadoebaSi ityvian?

meore
ara mgonia

pirveli

da gana sacineli iqneba sazogadoebaSi Tqmulis kilo.

meore

sruliadac ara.

pirveli

ramdenadac medgaria moqmedeba da martivi sityva, miT ufro saTayvaneblad

mimaCnia me dramaturgi. mgonia, am asi wlis ganmavlobaSi madriduli baqiaoba Cven
Zveli romaelebis gmirobad migvaCnda da erTmaneTSi avrieT tragikuli muzis sityva
da kilo epikur muzis sityva-kilosTan.

meore

Cveni aleqsanduli leqsTwyoba Zalze mravalmarcvlovani da Zalze natifia

dialogisaTvis.

pirveli

Cveni aTmarcvlovani ki metad sustia da ulazaTo. asea Tu ise, erTs getyviT:

Zalian minda, rom ar waxvideT kornelis romelime romauli piesis sanaxavad, Tu jer
ar mogismeniaT ciceronis 48 actikusisadmi werili. rom icodeT, rogor

33
RvlarWnilebad mimaCnian Cveni dramatuli mwerlebi! ra ugemurad meCveneba imaTi
deklamacia, rodesac momagondeba gulwrfeloba da Zala regulis 49 sityvisa,
romelic umtkicebda romael xalxs da senats, _ tyveebs nu gavucvliT
karTagenelebsao. _ mTeli poema aris imisi sityva, sagangebo oda, romelSic
gacilebiT meti sicxovele moipoveba da aRgzneba, vidre raime tragikul monologSi.
ai, moismineT:
`Cveni droSebi vnaxe karTagenis taZrebSi; Cveni mxedari vnaxe iaraRayrili,
romelsac erTi wveTi sisxlis laqac ki arsad uCanda; Tavisuflebis daviwyeba vnaxe
da Cveni moqalaqeni, romelTac zurgze hqondaT xelebi mikruli; qalaqebis karebi
vnaxe, sruliad Ria, da mobibine yaniT mosili is mindvrebi, romelic Cven
gavanadgureT... da nuTu ggoniaT, fuliT rom gamovisyidoT Cveneburebi, ufro gulad
vaJkacebad dagvibrundebian? Cveni Sercxvena ara kmara, rom axla fulic ar gaiRoT
sruliad amaod? rom daecema suliT adamiani da dahkargavs saTnoebas, imas vaJkacuri
aRara SerCeba ra. nuraviTar sikeTes nu moeliT im kacisagan, romelic unda
momkvdariyo, da saxelovan sikvdils saZraxi sicocxle amjobina, _ iaraRi dahyara da
xelSi Cauvarda mters, oh, karTageno! rad didebuli xar da amayi Cveni sircxviliT!...~
aseTi sityviT mimarTa xalxs da TiTonac aseve moiqca. axlo ar miikara Tavisi
colSvili, kocna ver gaubeda SoriT mosulma, _ amis uRirsad sTvlida Tavis Tavs,
TiTqos sulmdabali mona yofiliyos; aRSfoTebuli hqonda Tvali, miwas dascqeroda,
yuradRebas ar aqcevda Tavis megobrebis mudaras da tirils, da ase iyo, manam ar
daiyolia senatorebi, manam ar miaRebina Tavisi winadadeba da ar miiRo nebarTva, rom
dabrunebuliyo tyveobaSi.

meore

marTla martivi da mSvenieri aris eg scena, magram namdvil gmirad ki igi

Semdeg scenaSi gamoCndeba.

pirveli
marTalia.

meore

Zalian kargad icoda, ra wamebas miayenebda mosisxle mteri; magram kvlav

mSviddeba, eTxoveba Tavis maxlobelT, romlebic cdilobdnen dabrkoleba
aRmoeCinaT rame, rom ar wasuliyo; Tavi daaRwia Tavisianebs iseve iolad,
rogoradac winad Tavis uamrav klientebs CamoSordeboda xolme, rom dasasveneblad
wasuliyo Tavis venafrSi, an Tavis sofel carancSi.

pirveli

Zalian kargi. axla xeli daideT gulzed da miTxariT, Tu Cveni poetebis

TxzulebebSi SegxvedriaT sadme ase sadad, aseT saTnoebasTan Sesaferi sityviT
gamoTqmuli grZnoba; da isic miTxariT, ra STabeWdilebas moaxdenda Tqvenze am
gmirisagan rom mogesminaT Cveni daubolovebeli, ieremiiseburi moTqma, an Cveni
korneliseburi baqiaoba.
rom icodeT, ramdeni ram aris, rom Tqvens mets veravis gavuziareb! quCaSive
Camaqvaveben, rom icodnen, rom me vbedav am kicxvis gamoTqmas. da me ki arc rame
wameba minda da arc wamebulis gvirgvini.
iqneba dagvidges imisTana dRe, rom gahbedos geniosma da Tavisi moqmedi pirebi
antikuri gmirebis TvisebebiT aRWurvos, _ maSin Zalian gaZneldeba msaxiobis saqme,
radgan deklaracia, erTgvari simRera aRar iqneba.

34
 erTob ki, rodesac vambob, rom grZnobiereba didsulovnebis damaxasiaTebeli
Tviseba aris, da agreTve niWis SuaTanobisa, erTgvar WeSmaritebas vaRiareb,
romelic arc agre advili saTqmelia CemTvis, radgan Tu bunebam gaaCina sadme
mgrZnobieri suli, mgonia, rom swored me miwyaloba es grZnobiereba.
mgrZnobieri adamiani imenad damorCilebuli hyavs Tavis diafragmas, rom arc
karg xelmwifed gamodgeba, arc didebul politikosad, arc didi msajulad, arc
Rrmad dakvirvebul kacad; maSasadame warCinebuli mimbaZavi bunebisa, Tu Seslo da
daiviwya Tavisi pirovnuli, didi ocnebis daxamrebiT hqmnis Tavis ideals, da mkvriv
mexsierebiT irTavs da erTvis Tavis modelad warmodgenil lands. oRond maSin is
TviTon ki ara ris momqmedi, aramed sxvisi mibaZviT da sxvisi brZanebiT aris
momqmedi.
aq unda gameTavebina Cemi saTqmeli; magram imedi maqvs ualago azrs ufro
SemindobT, vidre daviwyebuls. erTi garemoeba aris, romelsac Tqvenc xSirad
naxavT. scenaze gasvlas apirebs, pirvelad gasvlas, ymawvili qali; Tqvenc da
axlobelTa patara wres miiwvevs TavisTan, rom Tqveni azri gamosTqvaT misi niWis
Sesaxeb. Tqven naxeT, rom sulic Sewevs, grZnobierebac; qeba SeasxiT da, rom
gamoeTxoveT, darwmunebuli dastoveT, rom sagangebod miiRebs sazogadoeba da
gamarjveba ueWvelia. _ namdvilad ki sul sxvafriv Tavdeba saqme: gavida scenaze da
stveniT gamoistumra sazogadoebam. CaufiqrdebiT am ucnaur ambavs da naxavT, rom
safuZvliani iyo imisi stveniT dajildoveba. rogor mouvida es marcxi? nuTu sulic
dahkarga, grZnobierebac, gulis warmtaci TamaSic? mere rodis? im dilidan
saRamomdis? ara, ara. oRond imasTan rom iyaviT, miwis pirad iyaviT Tqvenca da isic,
yurs ugdebdiT da arc ki gagondebodaT, rom Teatri sxvaa, kerZo bina sxva; is Tqven
win idga, Tqvens da imis Sua araviTari modeli ar iyo, rom imisTvis SegedarebinaT;
kmayofili iyaviT, radgan xmac mogewonaT imisi, mixvra-moxvrac, gamometyvelebac,
ieric; sulyvelaferi tolfardobiT iyo Sexamebuli auditoriasa da sivrcesTan;
araferi iyo iseTi, rom gadametebis saWiroeba gegrZnoT. da scenaze ki Zirianad
Seicvala suyvelaferi: iq saWiro iyo sxva msaxiobi, radgan iq gadidebuli iyo
yvelaferi.
saSinao TeatrSi, sadme darbazSi, sadac mayurebeli TiTqmis erT doneze dgas
msaxiobTan, namdvili xelovani metad didad, gadaWarbebulad geCvenebaT,
uzarmazarad, da warmodgenidan rom gaxvalT, sinanuliT etyviT visme megobruli
ndobiT Tqvens STabeWdilebas: _ `ar ivargebs, ara, metad gaberilia~, - da
gancvifrebuli darCebodiT, rom gagegoT an genaxaT TeatrSi misi gamarjveba.
erTxel kidev vityvi, cxovrebaSi msaxiobi verc ityvis da verc izams rasme sworad
ise rogorc scenaze; Teatri sul sxva qveyanaa, gansxvavebuli.
erTi friad mniSvnelovani ambavi gadmomca mRvdelma galianim. 50 romelic
Zalian marTali da sando kacia, maxvilgonebiani. cota xnis ukan igive miTxra
neapolis elCma parizSi, markiz karaCiolim. karaCiolic mteria tyuilisa, Zalian
Wkviani da xelovnebis moyvaruli. ra ambavia neapolSi? _ neapolSi, romelic maTi
saerTo samSobloa, erTi poeti aris Turme dramaturgi, romlis umTavres mizans
piesis dawera ki ara...

meore

Tqveni `ojaxis Tavi~ sagangebod miiRes neapolSi.

pirveli

oTxjer iTamaSes zedized da mefec daeswro, miuxedavad sasaxlis wesisa, rom

sxvadasxva piesa unda iyos warmodgenili yovel saTeatro dRes; diaR, aRtacebuli
darCa sazogadoeba... imas mogaxsenebdiT, is neapoleli dramaturgi sul imis cdaSi
yofila Turme, rom ipovos sazogadoebaSi xnierni pirni, rom agebulebiT, xmiT,
xasiaTiT misi piesis rolebis Sesruleba SeeZloT. uars ver ubedaven, radgan mefis
drosgasatareblad cdilobs saqmis mowyobas. eqvsi Tvis ganmavlobaSi avarjiSebs

35
Tavis msaxiobebs, erTad da calcalke. da rogor ggoniaT, rodis iwyebs dasi kargad
TamaSs da xelovnebis Segnebulad ganxorcielebas? marto maSin, rodesac
msaxiobebs, daRlil-daqanculebs imodeni varjiSiT da uricxvi repeticiebiT,
Cveneburad rom vTqvaT, frangulad, rodesac moyirWebuli aqvT TavianTi rolebi. da
swored maSin iCens Tavs gasaocebeli warmateba; yvela msaxiobi eTanagvareba Tavis
warmosadgen pirs, TiTqo Tavisi aRara axsovs ra da mTlad gardaqmnilao. am
rudunebiT gavlili repeticiebis Semdeg iwyeba warmodgena da ise kargad midis
saqme, rom eqvs Tvesa rCeba scenaze piesa. didi siamovnebiT daiareba am warmodgenaze
mefec da xalxic da xaroben im didi siamovnebiT, romliTac mxolod namdvili
xelovneba atkbobs sazogadoebas. axla Tqven mibrZaneT, SeiZleba gana, rom es
TamaSi, iseve sruli da unaklulo ukanasknel warmodgenebze, rogoric pirvelze,
grZnobierebis Sedegi iyo?
axali ar aris es kiTxva, romelsac me ase Rrmad Cavcqeri. erT SuaTana
Rirsebis mwerals, remon de-sent albins, da erT didebul msaxiobs, rikobons 51,
hqondaT Turme amaze kamaTi. mwerali amtkicebda grZnobiereba aris Tavi da bolo
xelovnebisao; msaxiobi Cemsas amtkicebda. es ambavi ar vicodi da amas winaT gavige,
me Cemi vTqvi, Tqven momismineT, da axla, Tu SeiZleba, Tqveni azric gamagebineT.

meore

me mgonia, rom is patara, Tavxedi, xmeli sastiki kaci, romels Zalian exerxeba
Tavis mowinaaRmdegis arad Cagdeba, cotad mainc frTxilad gamosTqvamda Tavis
azrs, Tu keTilinebebdiT da win gadauSlidiT Tqvens mosazrebas, da isic
moTminebiT moismenda Tqvensas; magram ubedureba imaSia, rom darwmunebulia,
yvelaferi vicio, _ da rogorc yvelafris mcodne yurs aRaravis ugdebs.

pirveli

hoa, sazogadoebac amiTve uxdis am Tavxedobas. qalbaton rikobons, 52 icnobT?

meore

vin iqneba, rom ar icnobdes mraval sagangebo Txzulebis avtors, niWierebiT,

patiosnebiT, lmobierebiT, mSvenierebiT aRsavses?

pirveli

rogor ggoniaT, grZnobiereba aqvs am qals?

meore

ara marto Tavis TxzulebebiT, Tavis cxovrebiT daamtkica, rom didi

grZnobiereba aqvs. erTi ubedureba SeemTxva sacodavs, romelmac kinaRam gamoasalma
am wuTisofels. oci weliwadi gavida mas Semdeg da jerac ver daumSvidebia guli
da ver gauSria wyaro Tavis cremlisa.

pirveli

hoda, eg grZnobierebiT aRsavse qali, erTi imaTgani, visTvisac ase uxvad

miuniWebia bunebas grZnobiereba, imisTana saZageli msaxiobi iyo, rom sxva magisTana
jer arsad unaxavs scenas. imaze ukeTesad aravin laparakobs xelovnebis Sesaxeb, da
TamaSiT ki imaze uaresi aravin iqneba.

36
 meore

magas kidev me imas davumateb, rom TiTonac kargad icis Tavisi uvargisoba da
usamarTlobas ara swamebs miRebul stvenas.

pirveli

da ra mizezia, rom magoden grZnobierebiT, msaxiobis umTavres ZaliT da

RirsebiT aRWurvili, Tqveneburad rom vTqvaT, - qalbatoni rikobini agre cudi
msaxiobi iyo?

meore

albad is mizezia, rom sxva Rirseba ara hqonia ra, da imdenad susti iyo
sxvafriv rom grZnobiereba ver avsebda sxva naklulovanebas.

pirveli

ra naklulovanebas? saxiT da agebulebiT ara uWirs ra; Wkviani aris, zrdili,

da mis xmasac ki ara aqvs ra dasawuni. yvelafriT Semkulia, rasac ki SesZens
adamians keTili aRzrda da ganaTleba. sazogadoebaSi araferi emCneoda iseTi, rom
naklebulebas hgvaneboda. sanaxavadac saamo aris qali da sabaasodac –didi
siamovnebiT usmenT yovelTvis.

meore

mec veRara gamigia ra. es ki kargad vici, rom vera da ver aetana sazogadoebas
sawyali qali da mTeli oci wlis ganmavlobaSi tanjuli iyo da wamebuli Tavisi
profesiiT.

pirveli

da Tavis grZnobierebiT, romelsac TavisdReSi ver gascilebia; TavisTavad

rCeboda yovelTvis, TavisTavs warudgenda sazogadoebas, da amitom iyo, rom ar
moswondaT da stveniT ajildovebdnen.

meore
kaios ar icnobT?

pirveli

Zalian kargad.

meore

ar SegxvedriaT am saganzed masTan baasi?

pirveli

37
 ara.

meore

me rom mkiTxoT, Zalian saintereso iqneboda imisi azri.

pirveli
me vici imisi azri.

meore
saxeldobr?
pirveli

igive, rac Tqvenia da Tqveni megobrisa.

meore

hxedavT? erTi saSineli avtoriteti Tqvens winaaRmdeg.

pirveli
marTalia.

meore
mere rogor gaigeT kaios azri?

pirveli
erTma qalma gadmomca, Zalian Wkvianma, ganaTlebulma qalma, kneina
galicinisam 53, kaiom Turme `dezertiri~ iTamaSa; kneinac loJaSi brZandeboda. is
iyo gaaTava Tavisi scena, romelSic ubeduri saSinel tanjvas ganicdis, radgan
Tavis satrfosac hkargavs da sicocxlesac. mSvenivrad Caatara es scena,
grZnobierad, xelovnurad da kneinac waritaca imisma ubedurebam. gaaTava scena,
mivida kneinas loJasTan da tkbili RimiliT, romelic ase uxdeba, ramdenime
qaTinauri SesTavaza, zrdili, sxartuli da mxiaruli. gaukvirda kneinas da hkiTxa:
_ `rogor? gana Tqven sikvdils gadarCiT? me mxolod mayurebeli viyav Tqveni
wamebisa, da jerac ver momikrebia goneba~. _ ara, qalbatono, jer ar momvkvdarvar.
marTla da sacodavi viqnebodi, yovelTvis rom vkvdebode, rodesac roli mklavs. _
maS aRarafersa grZnobT? _ mapatieT qalbatono... gaCaRda maT Soris kamaTi, da
swored ise gaTavda, rogorc Cveni kamaTi Tavdeba: me Cemi azri SemrCeba ucvlelad
da Tqven Tqveni. kneinas aRar axsovs, rogor asabuTebda kaio Tavisas, magram is ki
kargad daenaxa, rom am didebul xelovans, am didebul mimbaZavs bunebisas swored
Tavis sulTabrZolis dros, ese igi, rodesac sawameblad unda waeyvanaT, SeeniSna,
rom gulwasul luizas dasasveneblad kargad ar idga skami; mivida, gaaswora da Tan
momakvdavis xmiT RiRinebda: `ar modis Cemi luiza, me ki sikvdilsRa moveli~... magram
Tqven sxvagana xarT, mgonia. ras fiqrobT?

meore

ara, aq gaxlavarT, da vfiqrob erTgvari SeTanxmeba SemogTavazoT: msaxiobis

bunebriv grZnobierebas davuTmoT is iSviaTi wamebi, rodesac goneba ekargeba,
warmodgenas veRar hxedavs, aviwydeba, rom scenaze aris. TeatrSi, iviwyebs Tavis Tavs
da argosSi grZnobs Tavs, misenSi, da im pirad gardaiqmneba, romelsac ardgens.
tiris...

pirveli

38
 zomierad?

meore
zomierad yviris...

pirveli
droisad yviris?

meore

diaR droisad. javrobs, aRSfoTeba ereva, sasowarkveTileba da imisTana

namdvil cocxal suraTad midgas Tvalwin, imisTana mware WmunviT da godebiT
mivsebs guls da yurs, ise mqenjnis Tavis sulieri wamebiT, rom mec aRara magondeba
ra Cemi da vgrZnob, rom msaxiob brazars, an lekens ki ara, namdvil agamemnonsa
vxedav, cocxals, an namdvili neroni midgas Tvalwin da imas vusmen... xelovneba
hfaravs da maviwyebs sxvas sulyvelafers. me mgonia, rom am dros buneba imasve
STaagonebs msaxiobs, rasac monas, romelic Tavisufal moZraobas axerxebs Tavis
jaWvebiT: ise misCvevia Tavis jaWvs, rom aRarc imis simZimesa grZnobs, aRarc Tavis
Sekrul xelebs.

pirveli

grZnobierma msaxiobma iqneba kidec hpovos Tavis rolSi erTi-ori magisTana

Tavdaviwyebis wami, romelic miT ufro uTanxmoebas Seitans warmodgenaSi,
ramdenadac marTla kargia. magram esec miTxariT, ase mowyobili warmodgena isev
sasiamovnod rCeba TqvenTvis, Tu sazarel tanjvad?

meore
oh! sulac ara.

pirveli

da xom SeiZleba, am mogonilma fiqciurma patiosanma scenam ufro meti

mwuxareba miayenos adamians, vidre Sin momxdarma ubedurebam, - sayvarel mamis, an
dedis gardacvalebam?

meore
oh, ara

pirveli

maS arc Tqven, arc msaxiobs Tavi arasdros ar dagviwyebiaT, rogorc adamians?

meore

Tqven ukve SemakdimeT da eWvi ara maqvs, kidevac advilad magrZnobinebT Tqvens
safuZvlianobas; magram iqneba mec SegaryioT, Tu nebas momcemT amxanagi moviSvelio.
ai, xuTis naxevaria. `didons~ ardgenen, modiT, qalbatoni rokuri vnaxoT. is ufro
kargi pasuxiT dagixvdebaT, vidre me.

pirveli

39
 netavi agre, magram imedi ki ara maqvs. nuTu ggoniaT, qalbatonma rokurma
SesZlos, rac vera da ver SesZlebs verc lekuvrierma, verc duklom, verc de-senma,
verc balenkurma 54, verc kleronma, verc dumenilma? da garwmunebT, _ vbedav amis
Tqmas, _ Tu Cvenma ymawvilma qalma, romelic axla gamovida asparezze da jer Sors
aris xelovnur unaklobisagan, radgan jer imdenad gamocdili ar aris, rom
grZnobiereba gaiuqmos; diaR garwmunebT, Tu kvlavac ganagrZo Tavis grZnobierebiT
sargebloba, TavisTavad darCa da xelovnebis usazRvro ares bunebis viwro alRo
amjobina, TavisdReSi ver miaRwevs im simaRles, romelzedac dacialeben es aris
axla dasaxelebuli msaxiobi-qalebi. eqneba xandaxan kargi wami, magram mSvenieri ki
ar iqneba. imasac igive daemarTeba, rac gossens da mraval sxvas, romlebic
sikvdilamde sustebad darCnen, erTferovnad da erTgvarad, radgan erTxelac ar
gamosulan im viwro wridan, romelSic TavianT bunebriv grZnobierebas Caumwyvdevia.
axala? mainc gnebavT qalbaton rokurs SemabrZoloT?

meore
uTuod.

pirveli

maS mec gzaSi erT ambavs giambobT, romelic arc Zalian daSorebulia Cveni
saubris sakiTxisagan. kargad vicnobdi pigals55, vewveodi xolme xandaxan. erT
dilas mivedi, kari davukakune, TviTonve gamiRo moqandakem, xelSi saWreTeli eWira:
iqve gamaCera, SesavalSi, da miTxra: _ `saxlSi ar SegiyvanT, Tu ar SemomficeT, rom
ar SegeSindebaT, erTi lamazi qali rom naxoT sulmTlad titveli~... me Cavicine.
SevediT. Tavsi qandakebaze muSaobda maSin pigali, saqsoniis marSalze, da erTi
metad lamazi qali hyavda safrangeTis gamosaxvis modelad. rogor ggoniaT, rogor
meCvena me is mSvenieri kekluci qali imoden uzarmazar naqandakev figurebSi,
romlebic gars exvia im titvel mSvenierebas? patarad, kiknad, sabralad, raRac
bayayad. ise iyo, TiTqo gaesrisaT im naqandakevebs, da garwmunebT moqandakis
sityviT, lamaz qalad meCveneboda es patara bayayi, seansis bolomde rom ar
davrCeniliyav iq, da im bumberazebSi ar menaxa miwaze ganarTxuli, romelic
gaaararava sxvisma sidiadem. da axla Tqven mibrZaneT, rogor SeuguebT am ucnaur
movlenas qalbaton gissens, rikobons da yvela qalebs, romlebmac ver moaxerxes
scenaze gadideba da iseve patarad darCnen, rac TiTon iyvnen?
warmovidginoT SeuZlebeli: vTqvaT, rom msaxiob qals imodeni grZnobiereba
dahyolia, ramdenis mibaZvasac SeiZlebs uaRres wertilamde misuli xelovneba,
magram unda gvaxsovdes, rom Teatri gvaiZulebs mraval sxvadasxva xasiaTs mivbaZoT
da ise warmovadginoT; erTi roli, mTavari roli imdens sxvadasxvagvar
mdgomareobaSi ayenebs msaxiobs, grZnobis mxriv erTmaneTis sawinaaRmdegoSi, rom
iSviaTi grZnobis msaxiobi qali ara Tu or sxvadasxva rols ver Seasrulebs
kargad, erTaderT rolSic ki zogan kargi iqneba da zogan susti; Tanasworoba ar
eqneba imisi rolebis ricxvi, da uvargisobas versad ascdeba. kidec rom moisurvos
da scados aRtaceba, misi gabatonebuli grZnobiereba daswevs Zirisken. gaqanebul
Ronier raSs ki ara, sust iorRas egvaneba, romelsac Tavi waurTmevia Tavis
mxedrisaTvis da iqve gaCerdeba. wamieri iqneba imisi aRtaceba, swrafmaval uceb
Tanamimdevrobas, erTianobas miklebuli, moufirebel-moumzadebel gaxelebad
geCvenebaT imisi TamaSi da ara xelovnebad.
da marTlac, Tu meTanxmebiT, rom grZnobiereba ganuSorebeli Tanamgzavri
aris mwuxarebis da sisustisa, mibrZaneT, rogor unda SesZlos erTma sustma,
tkbilma, grZnobiT sulovanma arsebam, rom Seignos da warmogvidginos gulqvaoba
leontisa, eWviT gaSmageba hermionisa, gacofeba kamilisa, dedobrivi sinaze meropisa,
drtvinva da sinanuli fedridisa, mtarvaluri ampartavnoba agripinisa, mZvinvareba
klitemnestrisa? miandeT Tqvens mudam mtirals ramdenime elegiuri roli da Tavi
mianebeT; sxvagan versad gamogadgebaT.

40
 ar unda gvaviwydebodes, rom grZnobiereba sxva aris da grZnobis gancda _
sxva. erTi sulis kuTvnileba aris da meore msjelobisa. SeiZleba did grZnobas
ganicdides adamiani, misi gansaxiereba ki ar SeeZlos; SeiZleba raime gancdis
gansaxiereba moaxerxos martodmartom, Tavis oTaxSi, an wakiTxviT, TamaSiT
ramdenime amxanagisTvis, magram ise ki vera, rom namdvil Teatrs mogagonebdeT. im
niWiT, romelsac grZobiereba ewodeba, suli, sicxovele, SeiZleba TeatrSi kargad
gadmosce erTi-ori leqsi, an monologi da mere ki es grZnobierebac Semoakldes. es
imitom, rom mxolod gulciv kacs SeuZlia, romelmac Rrmad Cafiqrebac icis, gemoc
sagangebo aqvs, Sroma da rudunebac uyvars, didi gamocdilebaca aqvs da Tan didi
mexsierebac. diaR, mxolod gulciv kacs SeuZlia SeiTvisos mTeli sivrce didi
rolisa, frTxilad moeqces mis cxadsa da bnels, mis tkbilsa da susts, erT
pirovnebiT gamohsaxos rolis simSvidec da didi aRgznebac, icvlebodes
wvrilmanebSi, oRond ise, rom erTi pirovnebis gamosaxvas arsad umtyuvnos, da iseTi
sistema miiTvisos Tavis saTqmelad, rom avtoris wvrili naklic ki aravis
SeamCnevinos. es imitom rom wesi _ qualis ab incaepto processerite Sibi conetet 56 _ metad mkacri
poetisaTvis, ufro mkacria, sul ubralo wvrilmanebSic ki, msaxiobisaTvis. Tu ise
gadis scenaze, rom Tavisi roli ar icis, da warmosadgeni pirovneba dasaxuli ara
hyavs, mTel sicocxleSi veRar moiSorebs uvargis debiutantis sircxvilis grZnobas.
SeiZleba gabeduleba hqondes msaxiobs, Tavis imedovneba, aRfrTovaneba, moxerxebis
imedi hqondes da profesiul Cveulebisa; SeiZleba taSic daukraT imis sicxoveles
da aRtacebas; magram swored ise, rogorc mxatvrobis mcodne RimiliT Sehyurebs
patara, daudevrad dasaxul nakveTs, sadac yvelaferi aris aRniSnuli da sabolood
daxatuli ki araferia. amgvar sakvirvelebas xandaxan dResac naxavs kaci bazris
TeatrSi nikolesTan 57. iqneba kargs Svrebian es SeSlilebi, rom rac arian, imaT
rCebian, axladCasaxul msaxiobebad, radgan, kidec rom daiwyon mecadineoba da
varjiSi, amiT ver SeiZenen, rac akliaT, da iqneba isic dahkargon, rac abadaiT.
miiReT ise, radac Riran, magram xelovnurad daxatul suraTTan ki nu daayenebT.

meore

erTaderTi kiTxvaRa darCa gamosarkvevi.

pirveli
brZaneT.

meore

ginaxavT rodisme kargad warmodgenili piesa, mTlad, TaviTbolomde

xelovnurad asrulebuli?

pirveli

ara magondeba ra... magram moiTmineT... diaR, minaxavs _saSualo Rirsebis

piesa, saSualo Rirsebis msaxiobebiT..
Teatrisken wavidnen Cveni mosaubreni, magram Tavisufali alagi aRar iyo, da
tuileris baRSi Sevidnen. cotaxans gaCumebulni daseirnobdnen, ise dumdnen, TiTqo
daaviwydaT, rom erTad iyvnen, da TavisTavs ebaaseboda erTic da meorec, TiTqo sul
martod-marto yofiliyo, erTi xmamaRliv, meore ise Cumad, rom imis naTqvami ar
ismoda, oRond drogamoSvebiT gancalkevebul sityvebs wamoisroda xolme, magram
cxadad gasagonars, romliTac advilad SeiZleboda daskvna, rom damarcxebulad ar
miaCnda Tavisi azri.
marto paradoqsul mokamaTis azrebis gagoneba SeiZleboda da mec ise momyavs
nawyvetebad imisi sityva, rogorc nawyvet-nawyvetad iyo Tqmuli, radgan TavisTavs
rom ebaaseba adamiani, spobs im nawils Tavis sitvisas, romelic naTqvamis nawilebs
unda akavSirebdes. ai, ras ambobda:

41
 `aba grZnobieri msaxiobi yofiliyo scenaze da maSin vnaxavdiT, rogor
gamovidoda gaWirvebidan? mere is rogorRa moiqca? fexi Sesdga moajirze,
wvivsakravi gaiswora da ise misca pasuxi im qals: piri moarida, radgan WiriviTa
sZuls kurtizani. am SemTxvevas SeiZleba mTlad gadaeria da Seercxvina sxva
mgrZnobieri; is ki imdenad gulgrili da xelovani msaxiobia, rom ucbadve Seegua
garemoebas da geniosurad gamoakeTa saqme~.
(baroni moagonda, mgonia, tragediaSi `grafi esseki~58…). Semdeg RimiliT
daayola:
`diaR, diaR! darwmunebuli iqneba, rom piradi grZnobiT TamaSobs qali,
rodesac Tavsi megobris gulze mwolare da TiTqmis momakvdavi, mesame loJas
gadaavlebs Tvals, dainaxavs iq beber prokurors, romelic cxare cremliTa tiris,
da Tan saZaglad iRriWeba am qalis TaamSiT aRtyinebuli, da rolis asrulebis
dros Cumad etyvis Tavis megobars, sulTmobrZavis duduniT, TiTqo xmis amoReba
gasWirvebiao: _`erTi Sehxede, rogor tiris da iRrijeba is bebrucuna~... Tu kargad
maxsovs, es qalbatoni gosseni unda yofiliyo `zairSi~.
`esec mesame, metad tragikuli iyo imisi dasasruli, kargad vicnobdi,
vicnobdi imis mamasac, romelic mepatiJeboda xandaxan, rom Cemic moesmina~.
(eWvi ar aris, es mesame monmenili unda yofiliyo).
`gulwrfeloba iyo da patiosneba ganxorcielebuli,. mere ra unda hqonoda
imis bunebriv dayolil xasiaTs saerTo tartiufTan, romels sakvirvelad kargad
ardgenda? saerTo araferi. mere ram mouRrica kiseri, ram gamoiwvia imisi sazareli
Tvalis triali, momxiblavi tkbili kilo da yvela sxva TinTlibazuri Tvisebani
TvalTmaqcis rolisa? ha, frTxilad Tqveni pasuxiT! mgonia rom xelSi myavxarT.
rama da bunebisadmi Rrmad mibaZvamao? dameTanxmebiT, rom garegani Tvisebani,
romlebic utyuarad aRniSnaven sulis grZnobierebas, imdenad uxvad ar moipovebian
bunebaSi, ramdenadac mravlad moipoveba garegani niSnebi muzmuzelasi, da
maSasadame, bunebaSi sulier grZnobierebis Seswavla SeuZlebelia, an Tu ar
dagiSliaT, gacilebiT ufro Zneli, vidre tartiufis Tvisebisa. sulis TvisebaTagan
grZnobiereba aris, rom gauWirvebliv SeiTvisebs da mihbaZavs adamiani, iqneba imitom,
rom erTic ver warmomidgenia imdenad gulqva da ulmobeli, rom nanaxi mainc ar
moepovebodes gulSi im grZnobierebisa, da ar ganecados kidec. da sxva vnebaTa
Sesaxeb amis Tqma SeuZlebelia;MmagaliTebr, xom ver ityviT magas Zunwobis,
undoblobis Sesaxeb... _ mesmis, batono. didad gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisagan is, vinc
mibaZviT ardgens grZnobierebas. da is, vinc TiTonaca grZnobs; gansxvaveba mibaZvisa
da TviT sagnisad. _ da miT ukeTesi. geubnebiT, miT ukeTesi! pirvel SemTxvevaSi
msaxiobs ar dasWirdeba Tavisis ganSoreba, ucbad aiwevs da erTi naxtomiT miva
Tavis ideur modelamde. _ ucbad aiwevs da erTi naxtomiTao?
axla sityvas mosdeT Sari! me minda vTqva, rom Tu grZnobiereba ara aqvs, ar
dasWirdeba im patara models gauwios angariSi, romelic gulSi uzis grZobiers, da
iseve didebuli, iseve sakvirveli, iseve sruli mimbaZavi da warmomdgeni iqneba
lmobierebisa, rogoradac kriJangobisa, romlis natamalic ar udevs gulSi,
rogoradac pirmoTneobisa, orpirobisa da yvela sxva Tvisebisa da vnebisa, romelic
TviTon ara aqvs, da ar ganucdia. bunebrivad mgrZnobierebis mqone pirovneba
warmoadgens patara rasme; mibaZviT momqmedi ki diads. an, Tu ise moxda, rom
Tanaswor xelovnebiT warmoadgina orivem, rac SeuZlebeli gaxlavT, maSin erTi-
sruli baton-patronia TavisTavisa, dakvirvebiT da dafiqrebiT aasrulebs Tavis
rols da iseTi iqneba, rogorsac gvixatavs cxovrebis mimdinareoba da ufro
mTliani, vidre is meore, romelic naxevrad Tavis bunebisamebr iTamaSebs da
naxevrad dakvirvebiT, naxevrad modelis mixedviT da naxevrad TavisTaviseburad da
rac unda moxerxebiT da umwikvlod iyos SeerTebuli es ori mibaZva, gamocdili
mayurebeli ufro advilad dainaxavs maT gansxvavebas. vidre gamocdili artisti
SesZlebs qandakebaSi im xazis aRmoCenas, romelic erTmaneTisagan aSorebs or
sxvadasxva stils, an erTi modeliT agebul wina mxares da meore modeliT
gakeTebul zurgs. - `TaviT~ nu iTamaSebs niWieri msaxiobi; daiviwyos Tavis Tavi.
guli gaivsos warmosadgenis mwuxarebiT, moikribos da daemorCilos grZnobierebas
da dagvatkbobs yvelas. _ SeiZleba kidec mogvxiblos. _ SeiZleba agrec iyos, oRond

42
marto maSin, Tu ar Sescvlis Tavis dekalraciis wess, ar darRvevs rolis
mTlianobas, Torem pirveli Tqven daiZaxebT, _gagiJebulao!... diaR. _ am SemTxvevaSi,
geTanxmebiT, marTla saamo iqneba scenaSi; magram imas xom ar ityviT, erTi saamo
wami mirCevnia mTel saamo rolsao? da Tu ityviT, arc magaze dageTanxmebiT.
gaCumda paradoqsali mosaubre. Cqari nabijiT daseirnobda xeivanSi da
TiTonac ar icoda, saiT midioda; gamvlel-gamomvlelT miexleboda marjvniv da
marcxniv, TiTon isini rom ar moridebodnen. mere ucbad gaCerda, xeli staca Tavis
mokamaTes, magrad dauWira da damSvidebul, magram gadawyvetili kiloTi uTxra: _
`unda mogaxsenoT, megobaro, rom samgvari aris modeli: adamiani bunebisa, adamiani
poetisa da adamiani msaxiobisa... bunebis adamiani ufro patara aris, vidre poetis
adamiani, da es kidev ufro patara aris, vidre didebul msaxiobis adamiani; es
ukanaskneli aris yvelaze metad gandidebuli. es ukanaskneli aris, rom poetisas
Seaxteba xolme mxarze, erT did, tirifis manekenSi Caimaleba da mis sulad xdeba.
Tavis nebisad aTamaSebs am manekens, imdenad sazarlad, rom TiTon poetic veRara
scnobs Tavis qmnilebas, da ise gvaSinebs, rogorc bavSvebi aSineben erTmaneTs,
TavianT patara Tojebs rom aitaceben, iqneven da cdiloben, ramdenadac ki
SeuZliaT, bua warmoadginon Tavis saSinel daRvremil xmiT. da, raki sityvam
moitana, iqneba genaxoT sadme SemTxveviT, patara celqi, romelsac sazareli niRabi
aufarebia moxucebulisa da is niRabi hfaravs TaviTfexebamde. gulianad icinis biWi
am niRbis qveS da masxrad igdebs Tavis tolbavSvebs, romlebic gulgaxeTqilebi
gaurbian. es celqi aris namdvili simbolo msaxiobisa; mayureblis simbolod
xdebian imisi SeSinebuli amxanagebi. Tu msaxiobs saSualo mgrZnobiereba dahyolia,
da amis meti sxva Rirseba ara aqvs, xom dameTanxmebiT, rom saSualo adamiani aris
da sxva araferi? frTxilad, Torem ityviT, maxeSi gamabao. _ da udides
grZnobierebiT rom iyos aRWurvili, maSin raRa moxdeba? _ ra moxdeba? an srulebiT
ar iTamaSebs, an sasacilod iTamaSebs. diaR, sasacilod da amis damamtkicebel
saukeTeso sabuTs CemSi naxavT, roca ki moisurvebT; cota ram paTetiuri rom
mqondes sTqmeli, imisTana areuloba ereva Cems guls da Tavs, rom uaresi ar
SeiZleba: ena mebmis, xma miwydeba, fiqri meSleba, sityva miwydeba, vxedav, rom
vduduneb, cremli misvelebs Rawvs da maCumebs... _ kargi, magram STabeWdilebas xom
axdenT? _ sazogadoebaSi ki; TeatrSi stveniT gamomagdebdnen... _ rad? _ imitom, ro
TeatrSi xalxi tirilis sanaxavad ki ara, im sityvis mosasmenad daiareba, romelic
tirils gamoiwvevs; imitom, rom es simarTle bunebisa ver Sewyobia sazogadoebis
mier dadgenil simarTles. ai, ganvmartav Cemsas: unda mogaxsenoT, rom Cems
sulSexuTul, nawyvetebad Tqmul, aqviTinebul deklamacias ver aitans dramturgia,
verc moqmedeba, verc poetis naTqvami; xedavT, rom ar aris nebadarTuli da
SesaZlebeli bunebis mibaZva, TviT uumSvenieres bunebisa; arsebobs sazRvari da
Cvenc ar unda vcdilobdeT am sazRvris gadalaxvas. _ mere vin daadgina eg
sazRvari? _ saRma msjelobam, romelsac ar unda, rom erTma niWma azianos meore,
Tumca saWiro ar aris, rom xandaxan msaxiobma Tavi anacvalos poets. _ TiTon
poetis Txzuleba rom moiTxovdes amas? _ hoda, erTi sxvagvari tragedia geqnebaT
maSin, sruliad gansxvavebuli Tqveni tragediisagan. _ da ras hxedavT magaSi cuds?
_imas, rom ar vici, riT gaumjobesdeba Cveni Teatri; da is ki kargad vici, rom
bevriT waxdeba.
erTxel kidev miuaxlovda meored, Tu mesamed paradoqsali Tavis mokamaTes da
uTxra:
_ erT sityvas getyviT, cudi sityva aris, uwmawuri, magram sagangebo sabuTi
aris azris dasamtkiceblad; erT saxelovan msaxiob-qals ekuTvnis, romlis niWs
Tayvansa scems mTeli qveyana. imave mdgomareobaSi iyo qali, romelSic goseni
vnaxeT; sulTmobrZavi egdo msaxiob paosTan, romelic poluqsis rols asrulebda. _
kvdebao, hgonia mayurebels... iman ki sayveduriT mimarTa Cumi xmiT pios: _ ah, pio!
rogor aayrole aqauroba!
arnus 59 ekuTvnis eg sityva, telairis rols rom ardgenda. rogor ggoniaT, im
wams, es rom sTqva, arnu marTla telairi iyo? ara, batono, ara! arnu iyo da
yovelTvis arnud rCeba. Tqvens dReSi ver maTqmevinebT raime Tvisebas Sualedur
xarisxebis qebas, Tu ukidures wertamde miyvanili msaxiobi gamoiyenebs am Tvisebas

43
da miT yvelafers waaxdens. warmovidginoT, rom poetma erTi scena daswera ise
saTqmelad TeatrSi, rogorc sazogadoebaSi vityvodiT. gamoCndeba vinme am scenis
warmodgenis msurveli? sruliad aravin! saukeTeso msaxiobic ki ver izams amas.
kidec rom SesZlos da kargad iTamaSos erTxel, aTjer waaxdens am erTis magivrad.
arc ise advilia xelovnuri gamarjveba! es ukanaskneli mosazreba bevrad arad
migaCniaT, mgonia. agre iyos! me ki mainc gamoviyvandi aqedan daskvnas, rom saWiro
aris cotad mainc SevamciroT Cveni RvlarWniloba, davamdabloT ramdenime naWdeviT
Cveni oCofexi, da `TiTqmis~ ise davtovoT yvelaferi, rogorc aris. erTi mainc rom
gagviCndes geniosi poeti, romelic miaRwevs bunebis am saswaulebriv WeSmaritebas,
aTasi uniWo mimbaZveli gamouCndeboda. bunebas Taviseburi martivoba aqvs da aravin
unda gadascdes am martivobis xazs, Tu ar unda, rom uSveri iyos, daRvremili,
sazizRari. ras fiqrobT amisas?

meore

arafers. ar gismenT.

pirveli

rogor? maS aRar gindaT Cveni kamaTi?

meore
ara.

pirveli

ver gaigoneT Cemi naTqvami? da ras SvrebodiT, gana?

meore
vfiqrobdi.

pirveli

ras fiqrobdiT?
meore

ai ras. erTi ingliseli msaxiobi vnaxe, mgonia meglini 60 (im dRes viyav
TeatrSi).
garrikis Semdeg imisi roli unda eTamaSa Seqspiris `makbetSi~, da
_TavxedobaSi ar CamomarTvano, _sazogadoebas mimarTa patara sityviT da sTqva
sxvaTa Soris, rom is STabeWdilebani, romlebic imorCileben msaxiobs da umonaveben
poetis zeSTagonebas da niWs, metad mavneblad moqmedeben imis xelovnebaze. ra
sabuTebi sTqva amis dasamtkiceblad, aRar maxsovs, magram etyoba, Zalian
safuZvliani iyo misi sityva, rom TanagrZnobiT miiRo sazogadoebam, TiTqo ganicada
misi grZnobao, da taSiT daajildova. magram, Tu cnobismoyvareoba gawuxebT, `sen Jem
qroniklSi~ waikiTxavT imis werils, romelsac qveS mowerili aqvs `kvintiliani~.

pirveli

maS didxans vlaparakobdi martodmarto?

meore

44
 iqneba didi xannic, vidre me Cems fiqrebSi viyav CarTuli. mogexsenebaT, albaT,
rom uwindel droSi qalebis rolsac asrulebda kaci?

pirveli

diaR, vici.

meore

avl _ geli swers Tavis `attikur RameebSi~ 61, rom vinme paulusi, eleqtros
Talxi kabiT mosili, imis magivrad, rom scenaze orestis larnakiT gasuliyo, Tavis
Svilis larnakiT gavida, romelsac tiriliT hkocnida, radgan, is iyo Turme,
dahRupoda Svili. da es ar iyo ubralo, gasarTobad mowyobili warmodgena da
darbazi ise gardahqmna am garemoebam, rom yvelas mware gminva aRmoxda.

pirveli

da Tqven ggoniaT, rom im wams, paulusi ise ambobda Tavisas scenaze, rogorc
Tavis saxlSi ityoda? ara da ara. es sakvirveli TanagrZnoba sazogadoebisa da
gamarjveba msaxiobisa, romlisa me eWvic ara maqvs, arc evripidis leqsiT iyo
gamoveuli, arc msaxiobis deklamaciiT, aramed ubeduri mamis mwuxarebiT, romelic
Tavis cremliT asvelebda Tavis RviZli Svilis ferfliT savse larnaks.
sazogadoebam icno mama da Tanaugrno mis mwuxarebas. paulusi iqneb sul ubralo,
saSualo niWis msaxiobi iyo, rogoradac esopi, romlis Sesaxeb plutarxi swers:
erTxel savse TeatrSi atreis rols TamaSobda da gansjida kiTxvas, _ rogor
amoviyaro javri, Cemi Zmis, Tiestasao; am dros sirbiliT wamovida misken erTi mona,
rom win gaevlo, gaafTrebuli iyo Tavis ZmiT esopi, isargebla am SemTxveviT da,
rom cxadad daenaxvebina mayureblisaTvis gacofebuli mZvinvareba mefe atreisa, ise
magrad Cahkra monas Tavisi skiptra, rom iqve gaanTxevina suli. me rom mkiTxoT, giJi
iyo is esopi da maSinve unda daeWirad da tarpeis kldidan Zirs CamoegdoT.

meore
eg xom agre iqneboda.

pirveli

me ki eWvi mereva: romaelebi Zalian afasebdnen kargi msaxiobis sicocxles da

Calad uRirdaT viRaca mona.
magram, amboben, oratori maSin aris marTla kargi, rodesac brazi moereva da
gacxardebao. me es ara mwams: oratori maSin aris marTla kargi, rodesac hbaZavs
mrisxanebas. msaxiobi did STabeWdilebas axdens mayurebelze ara maSin, rodesac
ganrisxebuli aris, aramed maSin mxolod, rodesac xelovnurad ardgens mrisxanebas.
sasamarTloSi, krebebSi, yvelgan, saca ki moisurvebs adamiani Tavisis Tqmas ise, rom
Seagnebinos, xan lmobierad, rom Tavis msenelebSic gamoiwvios aseTive grZnobebi.
rasac ver SesZlebs TiTon vneba, Zalian kargad SesZlebs xelovnuri mibaZva vnebisa.
tyuilad ki ar ambobs xalxi, _ kargi msaxiobi aris is kacio. amiT imis Tqma
ki ar undaT, ToTonve grZnobso; ara, piriqiT amiT imas aRniSnaven, rom sagangebod
hbaZavs mgrZnobiers, Tumca TiTon arasa grZnobs. es roli gacilebiT ufro Znelia,
vidre msaxiobisa, radgan msaxiobs Tavisi roli aqvs, da am kacma ki saTqmeli
sityvac TiTonve unda Seadginos. ese igi ori Tanamdeboba aasrulos, _ poetisa da
msaxiobis. poeti scenaze SeiZleba ufro kargad iqceodes, vidre msaxiobi _
sazogadoebaSi; magram, vin iqneba daijeros, rom scenaze msaxiobi ufro moxerxebiT
warmoadgens sixaruls, mwuxarebas, Tayvaniscemas, mZulvarebas da siyvaruls, vidre
vinme moxucebuli kurtizani?...

45
 magram binddeba. wavideT, vivaxSmoT. NGEBOD

d. didro

SeniSvnebi wignakze
`garriki
anu
ingliseli msaxiobebi~

Txzuleba, romelSic mocemulia mosazrebani

dramtul xelovnebis, warmodgenis xelovnebis
da msaxiobis TamaSobis Sesaxeb

istoriuli da kritikuli SeniSvnebiT

londonis da parizis sxvadasxva Teatrebze

Targmnili inglisuridan

15 oqtombers 1770 w

erTi saZageli wignaki gamovida SarSan da ise umniSvnelod

eCvena sazogadoebas, rom avtoris vinaobac ki ver gavige.
magram axla meoreT daibeWda im imediT, albad, rom kargad
gaiyideba provinciaSi, an sazRvargareT. b. didros Cauvarda
xelSi, da radgan SeiZleba mSvenieri azrebis amRZvrelad
gamogvadges sxvisi sisulele, ar minda davumalo mkiTxvels,
rac b. didrom daswera amis Sesaxeb.
[SeniSvna didros megobris neJonisa]

es Txzuleba dawerili aris bundovan, awewil, maRalfardovani eniT da savsea

gacveTili azrebiT darwmunebuli var, didi msaxiobi rom waikiTxavs am Txzulebas,
verafers SeiZens Tavis gasaukeTeseblad, da saSualo msaxiobic arafriT gauaresdeba
misi gacnobiT.
buneba aZlevs msaxiobs garegan Tvisebebs, _ saxes, xmas, msjelobis niWs,
ganmWvretelobas. bunebiT dayolili niWi ki umjobesdeba da sruladdeba did
xelovanTa SeswavliT, scenuri praqtikiT, SromiT, dafiqrebiT. mimbaZavi msaxiobi

46
yvelafers kargad asrulebs; arc rame saqebia, da arc rame dasawuni imis TamaSobaSi.
bunebiT msaxiobi ki, STagonebiT msaxiobi, xan sazizRari aris da xan didebuli.
rac unda cudad gveCvenos axali msaxiobi, romelic axla iwyebs xelovnebis
samsxurs, adre iqneba, Tu gvian mainc miaRwevs Tavis gamarjvebas scenaze; stvena Tu
Caaqrobs rasme, marto uniWobas.
da rogor SesZlebs buneba, Tu xelovnebas ar daixmarebs, Sehqmnas didi mSvenieri
msaxiobi, rodesac scenaze araferi swarmoebs swored ise, rogorc sinamdvileSi, da
rodesac yvela dramatuli Txzuleba erTgvari pirobebis da principebis sistemis
mixedviT aris Seqmnili? amasTan gana SesaZlebelia, erTi da igve roli sruliad
erTgvarad Seasrulos orma ZiriTadad gansxvavebulma msaxiobma, rodesac saukeTesod
gamomxatvel mwerlis, saukeTeso, daxvewili eniT da sizustiT mwerlis sityvasac ki ar
SeuZlia gardaiqces ideis, grZnobis, azris absoluturad gamomsaxvel niSnad?
moismineT Semdegi SeniSvna da naxeT, ramdenad advilia adamianisaTvis erTi da
imave sityviT sul sxvadasxva sagnebis gamoTqma. amis magaliTi, _ erTgvar
sakvirvelebas warmoadgens es magaliTi, _ gaxlavT is wigni, romelmac gamoiwvia es
SeniSvnebi. mieciT es wigni wasakiTxad frang msaxiobs, da ra waikiTxavs, getyviT, _
WeSmariteba aris TaviT bolomde; mieciT es wigni wasakiTxad inglisel msaxiobs, da
isic SemogficavT `by God~, SeuZlebelia am wignSi frazis Secvlac ki, es aris namdvili
saxareba scenisao.
magram radgan saerTo TiTqmis ara aqvs ra komediebis da tragediebis inglisuri
wesiT da franguli wesiT weras, radgan TiTon garriki aRiarebs, rom vinc sagangebod
gadmogvcems Seqspiris scenas, anbanic ki ar icis rasinis raime scenis deklamaciisa,
cxadia, rom frangs da inglisel msaxiobs, romlebasc orTavesa swamT WeSmariteba am
avtoris principebisa, ara gaegebaT ra erTmaneTisa, da imaT profesiis teqnikur enaSi
aris imdenad mniSvnelovani gaurkvevloba da gaWimvadoba, rom or ukiduresad
erTmaneTis mowinaaRmdege mimarTulebis kacs ver SesZlebia am Txzulebis debulebaTa
garCeva. hoda, ufro metad, vidre aqamde unda icodeT Tqvens mcnebas: Nil exsplicare nu
ganmartavT Tqvensas, Tu gnebavT, rom Seignon Tqveni *.
diaR, am wigns, saxelad `garriks~, ori gansxvavebuli azri aqvs, erTi da imave
niSnebiT gamoTqmuli orive, erTiT –londonSi, meoriT _ parizSi, da es niSnebi ise
garkveviT ganasxvaveben or azrs wignisas, rom TiTon mTargmnelic ki ver ascda
Secdomas, radgan Cven frangi msaxiobebis saxelebTan erTad mravali saxeli aRniSna
inglisel msaxiobebisa: cxadi aris, warmoidgino, rom misi Txzulebis sityvebi
frangebis Sesaxeb srul simarTles warmoadgenen agreTve ingliselebis Sesaxebac. sxva
TxzulebaSi versad ipovis mkiTxveli imden Seusabamobas, ramdendsac amaSi naxavs; am
Txzulebis teqsti erTs niSnavs parizSi, da suls sxvas _ londonSi.
SeiZleba vcdebode, magram saqme is aris, rom didi msaxiobis ZiriTadi Tvisebebis
Sesaxeb me sul sxva azrisa var, vidre am wignakis avtori. Cemi azriT, did msaxiobs
didi niWi unda hqondes gansjisa, unda icodes mSvidad da gulcivad dakvirveba
adamianis bunebisa, rom amitom saWiroa gaaCndes didi gamWvreteloba; ar unda hqondes
araviTari grZnobiereba; anu sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, unda hqondes niWi, rom
yvelafris mibaZva SesZlos, da agreTve niWi yovelgvar xasiaTis da rolis
warmodgenisa.
grZnobiereba rom hqondes msaxiobs, ver SesZlebs aTjer zedized iTamaSos erTi
da igive roli erTi da imave gamarjvebiT. sicxoveliT savse iqneba pirvel

*
didi didi xania, es Cemi pirveli aforizmia da yoveli dRe amagrebs da amrTelebs mis
sibZrZnes da sargeblobas. magram erTidaimave sityvebiT gamoTqma or mobaaseTa mier
sruliad gansxvavebuli azrisa raime sagnis Sesaxeb, iqneba imiTi aixsnebodes, rom
sazogado principebis igive mniSvneloba aqvT, rac erTob kabisTvis gamosadeg Targs?
aba hkiTxeT Zveli musikis momxres lulis, _ra Tvisebebi aqvs karg musikas? _ da imave
kiTxviT mimarTeT ganviTarebul gemovnebis kacs, musikiT gatacebul greteris, _ da
naxavT, rom Tavis pasuxs erTidaimave sityvebiT gamosTqvams orive; magram raime
musikalur nawarmzed rom midgeba saqme, erTi swored im Tvisebebs uarhyofs im
nawarmSi, romliTac aRtacebuli iqneba meore

(SeniSvna m. grimisa, didros drois mwerlisa).

47
warmodgenaze, mTlad gamoifiteba da marmariviT gacivdeba mesameze; da meore msaxiobi
ki, ganmsjeli mimbaZavi bunebisa, TavisTavis mibaZviT iTamaSebs, pirvelad rom gava
scenaze; meaTe warmodgenaze naxavT, rom imisma TamaSobam ki ar iklo, piriqiT, imata da
gaZlierda im axali mosazrebiT, romlebsac agrovebda am xnis ganmavlobaSi, da
ufrodaufro metad daakmayofilebs Tqvens moTxovnilebas.
am azrs CemSi ufrodaufro amtkicebs is usworoba, romelic yovelTvisa aqvs
marto Tavis grZnobierebiT moTamaSe msaxiobs. veraviTar erTianobas ver mogcemT es
msaxiobi: xan Zlieri aris rolis SesrulebaSi, xan susti; xan aRgznebuli, xan civi; xan
saSualo, xan diadi. xval swored im wams waaxdens Tavis rolisas, romelic ase kargad
Caatara dRes, da, piriqiT, xval sagangebo ram iqneba rolis im wams, romelSic
sruliad uvargisi iyo guSin; da is ki, vinc mofiqrebiT TamaSobs, adamianis bunebis
Seswavlis Semdeg, da xelmZRvanelobs Tavis msjelobiT da Tavis mexsierebiT, is
msaxiobi yovelTvis erTnairi iqneba yvela warmodgenaze, erTgvarad srulyofili,
radgan gazomili aqvs yvelaferi, Seswavlili aqvs yvelaferi da imis vnebierebas
Tavisi dasawyisica aqvs, Sua nawilic da boloc. igive intonacia aqvs, igive mixvra-
moxvra, igive moZraoba; Tu erTi warmodgena gansxvavdeba riTime meorisagan,
gansxvavdeba marto imiTi, rom meore ufro kargi iyo, vidre pirveli. amisTana msaxiobi
damokidebuli ar aris yoveldRiur SemTxvevebisagan; amisTana msaxiobi srulqmnili
sarke aris, romelic yovelTvis mzad aris gamohsaxos yovelgvari sagani, da gamohsaxos
erTidaimave sizustiT, erTidaimave sinamdviliT. isic, poetisaviT, Seuwyvetliv
dauRalavad iRebs Tavisas bunebis uZiro siRmidan, da xels ar axlebs Tavis pirad
simdidres, rom swrafad ar Semoakldes da ar gauqres.
ganaRa SeiZleba meti xelovnebiT warmodgena rolisa, vidre q-ni kleroni ardgens?
magram Tvali adevneT imis TamaSs, SeiswavleT, da male darwmundebiT, rom zepirad
icis Tavisi rolis yoveli wvrilmani, rogorc zepirad icis Tavisi rolis yoveli
sityva. raRa Tqma unda, kleronma Tavisi gonebiT Sehqmna erTgvari, Tavisi rolis
ganmasaxierebeli suraTi, da cdilobda, ramdenadac ki SeiZleboda, daaxloveboda am
suraTs; isic cxadia, rom ramdenadac ki SeeZlo, uaRresad maRlad, uaRresad
mniSvnelovnad da srulqmnilad daisaxa gonebiT es suraTi; magram es marto suraTi
aris, da ara TiTon kleroni. es suraTi rom TiTon kleroni yofiliyos, metad susti,
metad wvrilmani iqneboda misi mimbaZveloba. rodesac Tavis mecadineobiT da SromiT
miuaxlovda, ramdenadac ki SeiZleboda, Tavis dasaxul suraTs, ukve mzad hqonda
warmosadgenad roli, aRara aklda ra.
eWvi ara maqvs, bevrs ewvaleba am mecadineobis dasawyisSi, magram raki gava pirveli
xani, suli umSviddeba, Zveleburad eufleba Tavis Tavs, da TiTqmis auRelvebliv
imeorebs Tavisas. scdida yovelgvar garemoebas da amgvari cdiT daisaxa Tavis
SemecnebaSi yoveli wvrilmaniT rolisaTvis Sesaferi suraTi. gancxromiT gaWimula
savarZelSi, Tvali dauxuWavs, Tavis rols asrulebs xmis amouRebliv, hxedavs
TavisTavs scenaze, esmis Tavisi saTqmeli, isworebs dasawuns, sjis Tavis TamaSs da
cdilobd warmoadginos, ra STabeWdilebas moaxdens sazogadoebaze.
kleronis srul winaaRmdegobas warmoadgens misi moqiSpe diumenili: ise gadis
scenaze, rom arc ki icis, ra aqvs saTqmeli; TiTqmis mTeli warmodgenis dros ambobs
Tavisas da arc ki ekiTxeba Tavis Tavs, _ ras vambob, ras vardgeno? sxvafriv ki
mSvenieria.
da rad unda gansxvavdebodes amaSi msaxiobi moqandakisagan, mxatvrisagan,
oratorisagan, musikosisagan? pirvel aRfrTovanebis grigalSi ki ar gamoCndeba
damaxasiaTebeli Tvisebani Txzulebisa; SemdegSi eCveneba xelovans, rodesac
damSvidebuli aris, gulcivi, sruliad moulodnel wamebSi. da maSin, TiTqo uZravad
yofiliyos xelovani adamianis bunebis da mis mier saerTo xazebiT asaxul suraTs Sua,
gulisyurianad Sescqeris xan erTs, xan meores, da avsebs da amSvenebs im silamaziT,
romelsac suls sxva, ufro meti da mtkice Rirseba aqvs, vidre yovelive imas, rac
pirvel grigalSi dahxata.
dasaxatavis TvisebaTa aRniSvna ekuTvnis ara imas, vinc gaxelebulia; amis
asruleba ekuTvnis imas, vinc eufleba TavisTavs. didi dramatuli poetebi arian, rom
usazRvro gulmodginebiT ukvirdebian yovelive imas, rac maT irgvliv swarmoebs. xelT

48
igdeben yvelafers, rac ki STabeWdilebas axdens maTze; agroveben am masalas da am
maragidan gadaaqvT TavianT TxzulebaSi mravali mniSvnelovani Tviseba da garemoeba.
aRgznebuli adamiani, vnebovani, mgrZnobieri ise atarebs Tavis sicocxles, TiTqo
scenaze iyos; warmodgenas TamaSobs, magram TiTon ki ara tkbeba am warmodgeniT; da
swored imaTgan iRebs pirs dasaxatav suraTisas niWieri xelovani. didi poeti, didi
msaxiobi da, SeiZleba, yvela didi mimbaZavi bunebisa, vinc ar unda iyos,
dasaCuqrebulia mdidar warmosaxviT. usazRvro azrovnebiT, zomieri taqtiT, namdvili
gemovnebiT – da Cemi azriT, eseni arian, rom uuntiresad moepovebaT grZnobiereba.
bevris, diadis, Seqmna SeuZliaT, magram ise arian garTulni dakvirvebiT da
mimbaZvelobiT, rom piradad, sulier mRelvarebis medgrad gancda ar SeuZliaT.
gadahxedeT qalebs. Tqma ar unda, grnobierebiT Zalian sjobian kacebs. gana
SeiZleba vnebiT aRgznebul qalis da kacis Sedareba? magram ramdenadac isini gvjobian
am SemTxvevaSi, imdenad Cven vjobniT, rodesac saqme mibaZvaze midgeba.
didebul komediaSi, cxovrebis komediaSi, romelsac yovelTvis ubrundeba Cemi
fiqri, scenaze arian yvela aRgznebulebi, geniosebi ki parterSi sxedan. scenaze rom
arian, imaT SeSlilebs uwodeben; parterebSi msxdomni ki, romelnic miT erTobian, rom
SeSlilebis gaxelebasa hxataven, brZnebad arian wodebulni. yuradRebiT savse Tvali
brZenisa hxedavs sacinels scenaze myofTa mraval sxvasaxva saxeze, gamoxatavs am
sacinels, sasacilod warmogvidgens im naxatis asls da Cvenc viciniT gulianad, Tumca
SeiZleba rigSi Cvenc viyvneT scenaze SeniSnuli, sacinelis mqoneni.
Zalian kargad da STagonebiTac rom iyos damtkicebuli es WeSmariteba, didi
msaxiobebi, sul erTia, ar aRiareben mis simarTles, radgan es aris imaTi saidumloeba.
imisTana pativsacem Rirsebad aris cnobili grZnobiereba, rom Tavis dReSi ar miiReben
SesaZleblad, da miT ufro svaldebulod, im debulebas, rom grZnobiereba sWiro ar
aris maTi xelovnebis warmatebisaTvis.
_ magram moiTmineT, _ momigeben kiTxvas amis pasuxad, _ ra aris is gulsaklavi,
sacodavi gminva, romelsac Tavisi gulis siRrmidan gamoiZaxis msaxiobis mier
warmodgenili deda, da romelic ase miwylavs guls? gana es gminva namdvili grZnobis
nayofi ar aris? gana namdvili sasowarkveTilebis nayofi ar aris es gulsawylavi
kvnesa da godeba? _ ara da ara; da ai, amis dasamtkiceblad: gazomierebulia dedis
tirili, rogoradac Semadgeneli nawili deklamaciis mwyobrisa, da emorCileba
erTianobis kanons; es kvnesa_tirili akmayofilebs yovel saWiro moTxovnilebas marto
maSin mxolod, rodesac gulmodginebiT aris Seswavlili; es momzadeba exmareba
garkveuli davalebis kargad asrulebas; asjer mainc iyo warmoTqmuli da gameorebuli,
rom namdvil dedis godebad gadaqceuliyo yoveli xma am tirilisa. didxans imeorebda
msaxiobi, da yurs ugdebda Tavis gminvas; yurs ugdebda im drosac, rodesac cremls
gafrqvevinebdaT Tavisi tiriliT. da imaSi ki ar gamoixateba mTeli misi niWiereba,
rogorc Tqvena ggoniaT, rom mieces grZnobierebas; aramed imaSi, rom sruli sizustiT
wahbaZos garegan Tvisebebs grZobisas da miT mogatyuoT. sulTqma am mwuxarebisa
aRniSnuli aqvs Tavis smenaSi. yoveli Jesti misi sasowarkveTilebisa Seswavlili aqvs
winadve da sruli sizustiT icis, rodis dahRvris cremls imisi Tvali.
es mTrTolvare xma, es nawyveti, CamxrCvali sityvebi, es akankalebuli tani, es
mokveTili muxlebi... yovelive es aris martodmarto mibaZva, winaTve gazepirebuli
gakveTili, sagangebo maimunoba, romelic, raki erTxel iswavlis kaci, sabolood rCeba
CaabeWdili msaxiobis mexsierebaSi, da Segnebulad gamoiTqmis da gamoixateba scenaze,
magram ise, rom srulaid Tavisuflad stovebs imis suls, da Tavis gasameoreblad
moiTxovs, rogoradac sxva yvela varjiSoba, marto fizikur Zalis daxarjvas. ager
komikur Custebs ixdis msaxiobi, an tragikul maRalyelian waRebs, xmas veRar iRebs,
metad daqanculad grZnobs Tavs, axalve gaixdis tanisamoss da dasaZineblad dawveba;
magram imis arsebaSi natamalic aRar aris, arc mRelvarebisa, arc mwuxarebisa, arc
sulier daRalvisa; yoveli amgvari STabeWdilebani Tqven dagrCaT, mayureblebs, da
Tqven ki gulsevdiani; es imitom, rom is marto Tavis Zalas sZabavda da arafersa
grZnobda, Tqven ki grZnobdiT ise, rom araviTari Zalis daZabva ar gWirdebodaT. es rom
ase ar iyos, msaxiobis profesia iqneboda yvelaze uubeduresi, Tavis da CvenTa
sabednierod msaxiobi is pirovneba ar aris, romelsac ardgens. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi
metad umniSvnelo da mosawyeni iqneboda. sacineli aris azri, rom SeTanxmebiT erTdeba

49
ramdenime grZnobiereba, rom rac SeiZleba ukeT warmoadginos roli. miTqvams da vityvi,
uaRresi grZnobiereba hqmnis saSualo msaxiobs, da marto maSin Cndeba saucxoo, didi
msaxiobi, rodesac mas grZnobierebisa iotis odenac araferi moepoveba. cremli
msaxiobisa dis, cremli mgrZnobier adamianisa duRs; nervebi uzomod aRelveben
mgrZnobier kacis gonebas; msaxiobis goneba xandaxan aRZravs xolme warmaval
mRelvarebas imis nervebSi.
iqneba gqohdeT SemTxveva, dahfiqrebodeT, riT gansxvavdeba raime tragikul
SemTxveviT gamowveuli cremli, raime paTetiur moTxrobiT gamowveul cremlisagan?
ismenT mSvenier moTxrobas mwuxarebas, aRgzneba ekideba Tqvens nervebs da cremli
gdiT. sul sxvaa, tragikuls rom hxedavT rasme: ucbad ereva Zrwola Tqvens nervebs,
Tqveni Tavisa aRara gaxsovT ra, da cremli gdiT. es cremli uecaria, da moTxrobiT
nafqrvevi ki nelnelad gamowveuli.
es aris upiratesoba Teatris bunebriv da marTal efeqtisa SedarebiT. im efeqtTan,
romelsac hqmnis enamziani moTxroba raime scenisa. Teatris efeqti ucbad moqmedebs
adamianze mTeli Tavis ZaliT, da moTxrobisa ki _ nelnela; oRond pirvelSi
gacilebiT ufro Znelia iluziis aRZvra, radgan sul ubralo, cudad warmodgenili
wvrilmani arRvevs da aqarvebs iluzias. sxvis kilos ufro advilad mihbaZavs adamiani,
vidre sxvis moZraobas, magram moZraobas ufro meti zegavlena aqvs.
kargi iqneba, davufiqrdeT, ras niSnavs Teatris cxovrebaSi miRebuli sityva
`namdvilis warmodgena~? nuTu es sityva niSnavs, ise warmovadginoT yovelive, rogorc
namdvil cxovrebaSi vxedavT? sulac ara. quCis maTxovari SeumCnevlad darCeboda
qcenaze, umniSvnelod, dakninebulad, ase Segnebuli `namdvili~ Cveni cxovrebis
Cveulebrivi uferuloba iqneboda. maS ra unda iyos es namdvili? es aris Sesabamisoba
xmisa, saxisa, moZraobisa, moqmedebisa, sityvis garegani niSnebisa, _ erTi sityviT
Sesabamisoba warmosadgenis yvela nawilisa im idealur gamoxatulebasTan, romelic
mogvca poetma, an Tavis idealad Sehqmna msaxiobma.
ubeduri, marTla ubeduri dedakaci tiris, _ da moxdeba xolme yuradRebasac ar
miaqcevT imis tirils; ufro meti, _ patara rame nakli rom hqondes, saxis
gamauSnoebeli, sicili agivardebaT sibralulis magivrad; hxedavT, rom mwuxarea,
magram erTi ubralo Cveulebrivi misi moZraoba uamurad gaCvenebT sawyals da
gaviwyebT TanagrZnobas. namdvil vnebas yovelTvis Tanasdevs amgvari RmeWa, romelsac
monebriv gamoiyenebs Tavis rolisaTvis gemovnebis armqone msaxiobi, da xelovani
msaxiobi ki WirsaviT gaurbis. Cven gvinda, rom adamianma usaSineless tanjvis gancdis
drosac ki SeinarCunos Rirsebani Tavis xasiaTisa. Cven gvinda, rom qali marTebulad
da nazad waiqces, rom gmiri ise kvdebodes, rogorc Zveli gladiatori kvdeboda
scenaze, _ amfiTeatris taSiT dajildovebuli, - lamazad, keTilSobilurad, mSvenier,
Tvalwarmtac Zirs daSvebiT.
vin ufro mTlianad daakmayofilebs Cvens molodins, _is bumberazi, romelsac
imorCilebs tkivili da amaxinjebs grZnobiereba? Tu is Tavis akademiur kursiT
momzadebuli bumberazi, romeli sulTmobrZavic ki ar uRalatebs gimnastikis wesebs?
Zveli gladiatori, rogoradac didi msaxiobi, da didi msaxiobi, rogoradac Zveli
gladiatori, ise ara kvdebian, rogorc loginSi kvdebian; sul sxvagvari sikvdili unda
gamohxaton Cven Tvalwin, rom mogvewonen, da maSin igrZnobs mkacri mayurebeli, rom
sinamdvile moqmedebisa, yovelgvar mSvenebas moklebuli, metad wvrilmani da uamuri
aris da winaaRmdegi poeziisa. imis Tqma ki ar gvinda amiT, viTomc namdvil
bunebrivobas ar gaaCndes araviTari diadi Tviseba; ara, magram me mgonia, rom am
diadobis SenarCuneba SeuZlia marto imas, vinc TiTonve moamzadebs da gulcivad
gadauSlis mayurebels. amasTanac imas uarvyofT, rom aq aris erTgvari namdvili, an
xelovnuri aRgzneba nervebisa. magram Tu Cemi azri gnebavT, mogaxsenebT, rom es
aRgzneba TiTqmis iseve saSiSrad mimaCnia, rogoradac bunebrivi grZnobiereba. es
aRgzneba miiyvans nelnela msaxiobs pranWiaobamde da erTgvarobamde da amis acdena
marto imas SeuZlia, visac iseTi civi Tavi aqvs, rogorc yinuli.
magram, _ momigebT amis pasuxad, _ brbo rom aris xalxisa, yvela iq myofi ucbad
Taviseburad gamosTqvams, an gamoiCens Tavis bunebriv gancdas, erTmaneTTan winaswar
SeuTanxmeblad, da mainc saocar sanaxavs warmoadgens. marTalia, magram es sanaxavi
ufro metad gasaocari iqneboda, am brbos monawileTa Soris winaswari SeTanxmeba rom

50
yofiliyo. da garda amisa, Tqven misaxelebT swrafwarmaval wams, da me ki azrada maqvs
nawarmoebi xelovnebisa, romelsac Tavisi ganviTarebaca aqvT da Tavisi xangZlivobac.
wamoiyvaneT yvela mayurebeli quCaSi momxdar SemTxvevisa, rigrigobiT maCveneT yvelani
calcalke, or-orad, sam-samad, neba mieciT Taviseburad qcevisa, da maSin naxavT, ra
areulobas miiRebT amis nayofad. magram, Tu amis asacdenad erTad gaameorebinebT am
brboelebs warsul scenas, maSin sabolood gamoeTxoveT imaT namdvil xasiaTs da
bunebriv grZnobierebas. es Zalian hgavs kargad mowyobil sazogadoebas, romelSic
yvela wevri sTmobs nawils Tavis uflebisas saerTo interesebis da mTelis
keTildReobisTvis. vin ufro kargad ganmartavs odenobas am saerTo sikeTisaTvis
gaRebul msxverplisas? sazogadoebaSi amas yvelaze kargad marTali kaci SesZlebs, da
TeatrSi _ civi gonebis msaxiobi.

1 noembers 1770 w.

axla ki dro aris SevexoT im muxanaTur gavlenas, romelsac saSualo msaxiobi

axdens did msaxiobze. am did msaxiobs, did xelovans, aqvs didebuli ganzraxva; magram
iZulebuli aris uarhyos Tavis idealuri suraTi warmosadgen gmirisa, radgan isic im
doneze unda iyos, romelsac ver ascilebia masTan moTamaSe uxeiro msaxiobi.
mere ras warmoadgens es ori msaxiobi, romlebic TamaSoben erTmaneTis
daxmarebiT? or pirovnebas, romlebic sxva tolfardobis dacviT, an Tanasworni arian,
rogorc msaxiobni, an emorCileba erTi meores im mdgomareobis mixedviT, romelSic
poetma Caayena imaT mier warmosadgeni pirebi; es rom ar yofiliyo, erTi metad Ronieri
iqneboda, an metad susti; am umwyrobrobis asacileblad Roniers Tavis simaRlemde ar
ahyavs susti, da ufro xSirad, Segnebulad, TiTon eSveba Zirs Tavis sust
TanamoTamaSis simdablemde.
mokled rom vTqvaT, ra xnisa aris msaxiobi, rodesac saxelovnad xdeba: maSin,
rodesac aRsavsea cecxliT, sisxli uduRs, sul umciresi biZgi rom moxvdes, Relavs
mTeli Tavisi arsebiT, da patara naperwkaliT cecxliviT aRigzneba imisi suli? Cemi
azriT _ ara. am saxelovnobas moixveWs msaxiobi marto maSin, rodesac daucxreba
vnebaTa Relva, daumSviddeba suli da ukve aqvs Zlieri nebisyofa.
samoci wlisa iyo baroni da metisac, rodesac graf eseks TamaSobda, qsifares,
britaniks, da mSvenivradac TamaSobda. q. b. goseni ormocdaaTi wlisa iyo, rodesac
aRtacebaSi mohyavda sazogadoeba piesaSi `mowafe qali~. xnieri msaxiobi sacineli
marto maSin aris, rodesac mTeli misi niWierebac ki veRara hfaravs kontrasts mis
siberasa da mis rols Soris. Cvens droSi kleroni da mole avtomatebiviT
TamaSobdnen, pirvelad rom gamovidnen scenaze, magram SemdegSi saxelovan msaxiobebad
gaxdnen. rogor moxda es? gana SemdegSi SeiZines Tavisi suli, grZnobiereba, nervebi?
msaxiobi rom marTla Rrmad iyos gamsWvaluli grZnobierebiT, rac dRes
WeSmaritebad aris miRebuli, ganaRa SesZlebda Tavis rolis asrulebis dros loJebis
Tvalierebas? ganaRa SesZlebda tkbili RimiliT misalmeboda visme kulisebSi?
me Tu momxiblavs da gamitacebs msaxiobi, is ki ar gamitacebs, romelic
gaafTrebiT asrulebs rols da Tavis Tavs iviwyebs, aramed is, vinc civia, meufe aris
Tavis Tavisa, Tavis saxisa, Tavis moqmedebis, Tavis moZraobisa, Tavis TamaSisa.
gamohyofs Tavs garriki karis orfrTis Sua da Cemi TvaliT vxedav, rom ramdenime
wamis ganmavlobaSi misi saxe TanmimdevrobiT usazRvro sixaruls gamohxatavs,
sixaruli gancvifrebad ecvleba, mwuxareba sasowarkveTilebad da aqedan imave
safexurebiT ukanve brundeba im grZnobisaken, romliTac daiwyo, sixarulisken. nuTu
SeeZlo mis suls ramdenime wamis ganmavlobaSi ganecada yvela es grZnobani, saxis
gamometyvelebasTan Sesaferad ganecada es ucnauri gama grZnobebisa? ara mjera da
verc davijereb.
Tavis piesas ardgens sedeni `Tavis Tavis ucnobi filosofosi~. pirveli
warmodgena arafrad moewona sazogadoebas da Zalianac damaRona am ambavma; meoreT rom
warmoadgines, ise moewonaT, rom camde aiyvanes qebiT da me vzeimobdi. meore dRes,
diliTve gaveSure sedenis sanaxavad. saSineli yinva idga. yvelgani mivedi, sadac ki
SeiZleboda misi naxva. bolos gavige, _ sent_antuanis garedubanSi ariso. _ axala iqiT
mivmarTe Cemi etli. mivedi, vipove, movexvie... xma ver amomiRia, RapaRupiT mdis cremli...

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ai, grZnobieri, saSualo adamiani. uZravad miyura karga xans sedenma, gulcivad, da mere
miTxra: _ `ah, b. didro, ra kargi xarT!~ _ ai, dakvirvebuli, niWieri adamiani.
mgrZnobieri adamiani Tavis bunebis gulisTqmas emorCileba da sruli sizustiT
gadmogvcems marto imas, rasac guli etyvis; msaxiobi ki dakvirvebiT agrovebs im
suraTebs, romelsac mgrZnobieri adamiani aZlevs; am suraTebis SewavliT da gansjiT
hpovebs, Tu saWiro aris risime Camateba mis mier dasaxulSi, da amgvar mecadineobiT
miaRwevs saukeTeso nayofs.
pirvelad rom warmoadgines `inesa de kastro~. piesis im alags, rodesac scenaze
gamodian bavSvebi, sicili daiwyo parterma. inesis rolis amsrulebelma duklom
aRSfoTebiT daiZaxa: `ra gaewyoba? icinos sulelma parterma piesis saukeTeso scenis
dros!~ _parterma gaigona es sityva, magram Tavi Seikava. qalma ganagrZo Tavisi roli, _
da cremli sdiodaT msaxiobsac da mayurebelasc. axla ra? nuTu SesaZleblad
migaCniaT ase uecrad gadasvla erT Rrma grZnobidan meoreze, aRSfoTebidan
mwuxarebaze? Tqveni ar vici da me ki SeuZleblad mimaCnia namdvili grZnobis aseTi
Secvla. am SemTxvevaSi namdvili iyo misi aRSfoTeba, misi mwuxareba ki _ yalbi.
kino diufreni TamaSobs severis rols, `polievktSi~. xelmwife decim gahgzavna
qristianebis sadevnelad. megobars elaparakeba da andobs Tavis idumal grZnobas im
cildawamebul moZRvrebisadmi. es saidumlo Cumi xmiT unda yofiliyo naTqvami, radgan,
rom gaego visme da gaeca, sikvdiliT daisjeboda severi. parterma yvirili daiwyo:
_`xmamaRliv!~ _msaxiobmac kargad upasuxa: _`da Tqvenc xmadabliv batonebo!~ _im dros
rom msaxiobi marTla severad gardaqmniliyo, gana SesZlebda ase ucbad isev dufrenad
gamxdariyo? ara, eg SeuZlebeli iqneboda. ase advilad meyvseulad Tavis niRabis moxsna
da kvlav gakeTeba SeuZlia marto imas, vinc baton-patroni iyo Tavis Tavisa es iSviaTi,
namdvili xelovani msaxiobi.
siyvarulis ali moedo erT msaxiobs msaxiobqalisadmi; erT piesaSi mouxdaT
erTad warmodgena eWvianobis scenisa. Tu es msaxiobi saSualo adamiani aris, radgan
maSin scenaze Tavis Tavad wardgeba, da ara im did eWvianobis idealur suraTad,
romelic dasaxuli hqonda gonebaSi. am msaxiobebs rom aqac exmaraT TavianTi saTeatro
orCofexebi, erTmaneTis dacinviT gaatarebdnen eWvianobis scenas, da axala ki
yovedRiur, Cveulebriv cxovrebis mets aras warmoadgenen.
metsac vityvi: saukeTeso saSualeba rolis umniSvnelod da uSnod warmodgenisa
aris warmodgena Tavis sakuTar xasiaTisa. Tqven tartiufi xarT, miznatropi xarT?
kargad warmoadgenT ganmartoebul mizantrops, magram sruliad arafers mogvcemT
imisas, rac poetma Sehqmna tartiufi da mizantropi.
kino diufreni bunebiT Zalian ampartavani kaci iyo da sagangebod ardgenda
ampartavans; magram vin mogaxsenaT, rom Tavis Tavs ardgenda? da ratom ar SeiZleba
davuSvaT agreTve, rom bunebam imdenad ampartavnad gaaCina es akci, rom rac SeiZleboda
metad daeaxlovebina ampartavnobis idealur suraTTan? gana es msaxiobi orosmani ar
aris, magram aravin aris da arc iqneba vinme, rom ise warmogidginoT orosmani, rogorc
kinodufreni girdgendaT.  gana kino iyo gmiri `moduri crurwmenisa~? ara, magram
sagangebod TamaSobda am rols.
metad gulwrfeli da patiosani kaci iyo monmenili, isic msaxiobis Zneli
profesiis moRvawe. erTnair gamarjvebiT TamaSobda arists `mowafe qalSi~, tartiufs,


lekens araviTari garegani upiratesoba ara hqonda kino diufrenisa; arc saxiT
vargoda, arc xmiT; mimzidveli ara hqonda ra, magram kinozed ukeT asrulebda
orosmanis rols. lekeni rom pirvelad gamovida am rolSi, kino diufreni TeatrSi iyo
da aRiara, rom lekenma imisTana elferiT daamSvenao roli, rom me azradac arsad
momsvliao. didros sityva, me mgonia, imiTi aixsneba, rom Cvens filosofoss Tavis
dReSi ar enaxa scenazed lekeni, rogorc ar enaxa arc kleroni, metadre rodesac didi
msaxiobis saxeli moixveWa qalma. kleronis Sesaxeb sazogadoebaSi arsebul azrs
emyareba da Tavis molodins, romelSic Tavis dReSi arsad Semcdara. diufrens da
monmenils ki kargad icnobda, radgan imaT dros xSirad daiareboda TeatrSi.
ukanasknel oc weliwads mxolod SemTxveviT mividoda TeatrSi, rom enaxa misTvis
saintereso avtoris piesa

(SeniSvna grimisa)

52
veqil paklens da maskarils `skapenis oinebSi~. daveswar warmodgenebs da gakvirvebuli
davrCi, ise kargad SeeTvisebina am rolebis niRabi. cxadia, am rolebis warmodgenis
dros Tavis bunebriv saxes ar ardgenda, radgan bunebam erTaderTi saxe misca, Tavisi
sakuTari, da sxvebi ki iman Sehqmna xelovnebis saSualebiT. iqneba xelovnuri
grZnobierebac amaSi gamoixateboda?
erTxel rom poetma ufro Rrmad igrZnos, vidre msaxiobma, asjer moxdeba, rom
msaxiobi ufro Rrmad grZnobs, vidre poeti. swored WeSmaritebas Seefereba volteris
wamoZaxili, rodesac erT Tavis piesaSi naxa kleroni: _ `nuTu es Cemi dawerilia?~ _
davaskvnaT aqedan, rom klerons ufro kargad Seegno Tavis warmosadgeni, vidre
volters? cxadi is aris, rom im wams kleronis mier Seqmnili idealuri suraTi,
romelsac scenaze ardgenda. ufro maRali iyo, vider is idealuri suraTi, romelic
Tvalwin udga poets, rodesac swerda. oRond es idealuri suraTi ar iyo TiTon
kleroni. maS ra iyo? Tavis geniosuri niWiT hbaZavda moZraobas, mimoxvras, yovelgvar
garegan Tvisebas im arsebisas, romelic gacilebiT maRla idga. vidre TiTon kleroni.
ardgenda Tavis mecadineobiT dasaxul suraTs da mSvenivradac ardgenda.
midiT q. b. kleronTan da naxeT, rogoria, rodesac marTla ganrisxebuli aris
riTime? aqac rom SemTxveviT gamoiCinos Tavisi Teatraluri ieri, Tavisi kilo, Tavisi
Teatraluri mixvra-moxvra, gulianad gagecinebaT; da TeatrSi ki aRtacebuli
darCebodiT misi xelovnebiT. maS ras warmoadgens am SemTxvevaSi Tqveni sicili, Tu ar
Tanxmobas imisas, rom grZnobiereba namdvili da grZnobiereba TvalT maqcuri sul
sxvadasxva ram aris; rom namdvili risxva q. b. kleronisa Zaliana hgavs TvalTmaqcurs
da, maSasadame, aris orgvari risxva, romlebs Tqven Zalian kargad arCevT. TeatrSi rom
vnebaTa suraTsa hxedavT, es ar aris namdvili suraTi vnebaTa, aramed gazviadebul,
gadidebul suraTsa hxedavT, romelic emorCileba pirobiTobiT miRebul wesebs.
da axla gkiTxavT, romeli msaxiobi ufro metad da srulebiT emorCileba
pirobiTobiT miRebul wesebs? romeli msaxiobi ufro kargad SeiTvisebs am
savaldebulo gazviadebas, _ is, romelSic upiratesobs imisi sakuTari pirovneba, Tu
is, romelic ganiSorebs Tavis pirovnebas, rom sxva miiRos, ufro mniSvnelovani ufro
patiosani, Zlieri da gandidebuli? Tavis bunebiT erTia adamiani, da miRebul
SesaxedaobiT meore; navaraudevi grZnoba ar aris bunebrivi grZnoba, maS raSi
mdgomareobs saSualeba msaxiobisa? msaxiobma kargad unda icodes garegani niSnebi
warmosadgen pirovnebis sulisa, rom daakmayofilos mayureblebis gamocdili
moTxovnileba, da ise mihbaZos am garegan niSnebs, rom moatyuos mayurebeli; amasTan
isic unda axsovdes, rom Tavis msjelobis safuZvlad mayurebels es mibaZva aqvs,
radgan sxva saSualeba ara arsebobs ra, rom davafasoT is, rac Cvens gulSi xdeba.
maSasadame, vinc Zalian kargad icis da uaRres srulyofiT gadmogvcems am garegan
Tvisebebs Tavis mier warmodgenil idealur suraTTan Sesaferisad, is aris didi
xelovani msaxiobi. saukeTeso poeti is aris, vinc, rac SeiZleba naklebad tvirTavs
msaxiobs am idealur suraTis SedgenaSi.
rodesac didi xnis TeatrSi moRvaweobis da Cveulebisa gamo msaxiobi Tavis kerZo
cxovrebaSic veRar iSorebs Teatralur paToss da sazogadoebaSi brutad rCeba,
cinnad, burad, mitidatad, kornelad, meropad, pompeid, iciT, ras sCadis es msaxiobi?
Tavis suls, knins, an dids, magram swored iseTs, rogoric bunebisgan dahyva, urTavs
garegan niSnebs gansakuTrebul sulisas, bumberazis sulisas, romelic am msaxiobs ara
aqvs, da sasacilod xdeba.
oh, ra mkacri satira gamovida Cems naTqvamSi Cemdauneburad, satira msaxiobebis da
dramaturgebisa! me mgonia, neba aqvs yvelas Zlieri, didebuli suli hqondes, iseTi ieri
hqondes, sityva saqcieli, romelic am didebul sulis Sesaferia. da ar SeiZleba
sasacilo iyos namdvili suraTi didebulisa. mere ra daskvna gamodis aqedan? is
daskvna, rom namdvili tragedia jer ara gvaqvs, da am mxriv Zvelebi, miuxedavad
mravali naklulovanebisa, mgonia, ufro axlo iyvnen imasTan, vidre Cvena varT.
ramdenadac mZlavria moqmedeba da martivi aris sityva, miT ufro metad var
tragediiT aRtacebuli. SiSi mereva, iqneba Zveli romaelebis mamacobad gveCveneboda
mTeli asi wlis ganmavlobaSi madridelebis vaJkacoba.
ra aqvs saerTo Cveni tragikebis deklamaciur RvarWnilobas regulis ubralo,
aRgznebul sityvasTan, romliTac cdilobda Caegonebina senatisaTvis da romael

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xalxisaTvis, rom saWiro ar aris tyveebis gacvla? ai, imisi sityva: _`karTagenis
taZarSi vnaxe me Cveni droSebi. Cveni jariskacebi vnaxe, romelT daeyaraT iaraRi, Tumca
erTi wveTi mtris sisxli arsad aCndaT am mxdalebs. me vnaxe Cvenebis mier daviwyebuli
Tavisufleba. me vnaxe Cveni moqalaqeni zurgzed mikruli xelebiT. me vnaxe Cveni
qalaqebis upatronod mitovebuli Ria karebi, da samkal yanebiT savse minvrebi,
romlebic amas winad Cven gavanadgureT, da dRes isev mters darCenia. da Tqven ggoniaT,
rom fuliT gamoyidulni ufro gulad vaJkacebad dagvibrundebian? fulis amaod
gadayraRa miemateba Cvens Sercxvenas~ sulmdabal kacisagan gandevnili saTnoeba, ukan
Tavis dReSi aRar dabrundeba. kargs nurafers moeliT imisagan, visac SeeZlo
saxelovnad momkvdariyo, da xelebi gauSvira mters, - aha, SemkariTo! _oh, karTageno, ra
didebuli xar da amayi Cveni SercxveniT!~
aseTi iyo imisi sityva da aseTive iyo imisi saqcieli. Tavis colSvils ar moexvia,
_ uRirsad scnobda Tavs, rogoradac uRirsi mona; aRSfoTebiT uelavda Tvali, magram
miwas dascqeroda; yuradRebas ar aqcevda Tavis megobrebis cremls, manam ar daiyolia
senatorebi da ar daadgenina is gadawyvetileba, rac marto imas SeeZlo Caegonebina
xalxisaTvis, da manam neba ar misces karTagenSi dabrunebuliyo isev tyved. magram
namdvil gmirad mxolod SemdegSi gamoCnda. icoda, ra sasjels umzadebda mosisxle
mteri da, miuxedavad amisa, sruliad damSvidebuli eTxoveboda Tavis colSvils, Tavis
maxloblebs da megobrebs, romlebic mis xveviT da gulSi CakvriT cdilobdnen mis
wasvlis dagvianebas. iseve advilad CamoSorda yvelas, rogorc uwin Tavis klientebs
brbos moSordeboda xolme, rom dasasveneblad wasuliyo daRaluli Tavis vanafris
mimdvrebSi, an Tavis tarentos sofelSi.
da axla gulwrfelad miTxariT, moipoveba Cveni poetebis TxzulebebSi erTi
sityva mainc, rom Tavis kiloTi edarebodes aseT didebul da Tan martiv guladobas?
da isic miTxariT, ras egvaneboda, regulisaTvis rom gveTqmevinebina umravlesoba Cveni
kornelisebur RvarWnil frazebisa?
rogora vbedav, rom amden rasme gandobT!... quCaSi Camaqvaveben, rom icodnen es Cemi
mkrexeloba, da me ki sulac ar miRimis wamebulis gvirgvini.
Tu odesme gamoCnda vinme geniosi, rom gabedos da Tavisi moqmedi pirni antikuri
gmiris simaxinjiT daxatos, msaxiobis xelovneba sxvafriv iqneba gaZnelebuli.
erTi ram minda davumato amas: Cemi rwmeniT, rom grZnobiereba aris niSani
gulkeTilis da saSualo niWierebisa, sakmarisad vaRiareb Cems naklulovanebas, radgan,
es Tqvenc kargad iciT, swored me gaxlavarT bunebiT metad mgrZnobieri sulis kaci.
amiT unda gameTavebina, magram gamotovebul damtkicebas, mainc ualagod
moxsenebuli damtkiceba sjobia. ai, dakvirveba, romelic me mgonia, Tqvenc giwarmoebiaT:
xval_zeg pirvelad gadis scenaze ymawvili kaci, an qali; roli icis, sruliad mzad
aris, da nacnobebs iwvevs TavisTan, _ modiT erTi mnaxeT, vargivar, Tu arao? _sxvebTan
erTad Tqvenc iqa xarT, da hpovebT, rom niWica aqvs, sulic, grZnobierebac, qebiT
uvsebT yurs da, rom waxvalT, dastovebT darwmunebuls, rom gamarjvebiT Caatarebs
Tavis rols. meore dRes gavida scenaze modebiute da stveniT gamoistumra
sazogadoebam. kargi is aris, rom piradad Tqvenc hpovebT Tqvendauneburad, rom
safuZvliani iyo es stvena. mere rogor moxda, rom ase SecdiT? nuTu erTi dRis
ganmavlobaSi gauqra niWi? srulebiTac ara. magram iq, imis saxlSi, erT da imave doneze
iyaviT Tqvenca da isic; Tqven ismendiT imis saTqmels, da arc ki gagondebodaT
pirobiTobani Teatrisa; Tqven pirdapir idga da iq aravin iyo iseTi, rom imisTvis
SegedarebinaT; Tqven dagakmayofilaT imisma sulma, imisma nervebma, imisma xmam, imisma
mixvra_moxvram, imisma TavdaWeris ierma; sulyvelaferi egueboda patara auditorias,
patara sivrces; araferi iyo iseTi, rom gadideba moeTxova. Teatris scenaze ki gaqra es
yvelaferi; aq saWiro iyo sxva momqmedi piri, radgan sulyvelaferi gamovcliliyo
Tqvens irgvliv. Sinaur TeatrSi, sadme darbazSi, sadac mayurebeli TiTqmis imave
doneze imyofeba. romelzedac msaxiobi, metad gazviadebulad geCvenebodaT namdvili
momqmedi piri dramisa; Sinisken rom waxvidodiT, dauridebliv gamoutydebodiT amaSi
Tqvens megobars. da meore dRes imisi gamarjveba namdvil scenaze Zalianac
gagikvirdebodaT. es ukanaskneli striqonebi metad mkrTali da civia, magram sruliad
marTali. da ai, erTxel kidev gkiTxavT, _ ise iqceva da ise ambobs Tavisas msaxiobi
sazogadoebaSi, rogorc scenazed? da amiT vaboloveb.

54
 magram ara, amiT ar vaboloveb. saWirod mimaCnia erTi faqti giamboT, gadamwyveti
faqti.
neapolSi cxovrobda erTi dramatuli mwerali, romlis vinaoba kargad vicodi,
rom daswerda piesas, daiwyebda sazogadoebaSi im xnierebis, im garegnobis, im xmis da
xasaiTis pirTa Zebnas, romlebic Sesaferisad eCvenebodnen Tavis TxzulebisaTvis. uars
aravin ubedavda, radgan TiTon mefis gasarTobad mzaddeboda es warmodgena. Seadgenda
dass Tavis piesis warmosadgenad da daiwyebda varjiSobas naxevari wlis ganmavlobaSi
Tavis msaxiobebTan, yvelasTan calcalke da mere erTad da iciT, rodis iwyebda dasi
namdvilad xelovnurad TamaSs? rodis iwyebdnen msaxiobebi erTmaneTis Segnebas da
uaxlovdebodnen im srulyofas, romelsac moiTxovda maTgan avtori? marto maSin,
rodesac msaxiobebi daiqancebodnen am mravalricxovani repeticiebiT; rodesac, ase
vTqvaT, moyirWebuli hqondaT es repeticiebi. am moyirWebidan iwyeboda maTi gamarjveba
da didi xelovneba. am gulisgamwyalebel, momabezrebel repeticiebis Semdeg iwyeboda
warmodgenebi da, visac ki unaxavs, yvela iZaxda rom ver ityvis kaci rogor unda
TamaSobdes msaxiobi, Tu es warmodgenebi ar unaxavso. momdevno eqvs Tves scenaze
rCeboda piesa, mefes da sasaxles aRuZravda uaRres netarebas, romlis aRZvra SeuZlia
marto Teatris xelovnur iluzias. da rogor ggoniaT: SeiZleba, rom es iluzia
ukanasknel warmodgenaze iseTi Zlieri da ufro metad srulid Zlieric, vidre pirvel
warmodgenaze iyo, diaR SeiZleba, rom es iluzia grZnobierebis Sedegi iyos?
magram es sakiTxi, romelsc me varCev, erTxanad sakamaTod hqondaT erT saSualo
mwerals remon de-sent-albins da saxelovan msaxiobs rikobons. mwerali amtkicebda, _
msaxiobi grZnobierebiT aris Zlierio, _msaxiobi ki Cemi azrisa iyo.  aqamde ara vicodi


ar vici, iyo, Tu ara rikobini imdenadve didi msaxiobi, ramdenadac imis mowinaaRmdege,
remon de sent-albini iyo saSualo mwerali, magram is ki maxsovs, rom am sakiTxis
Sesaxeb dids arafers swerda arc erTi da arc meore. Cveni filosofosi ki, mgonia
Seavsebda Tavis mosazrebas, rom scodnoda erTi faqti, romelic minda aq gadmogceT. ai,
TviT faqtic: q. b. arnu, es sofi iseTi amaRelvebeli scenazed, iseTi mxairuli
vaxSamzed, iseTi saSineli kulisebSi Tavis epigramebiT, uaRresad paTetiuri scenis
warmodgenis dros, im dros, rodesac cxare cremliT atirebda mayureblebs,
uCurCulebda Tavis TanamoTamaSes sazizRar sisuleles. ager guli wauvida, unda
waiqces da xelSi uvardeba Tavis mijnurs. misi sibraluliT guli uwuxdeboda parters,
da arnu ki am wams CurCuliT eubneba Tavis sayvarels:
_ `ah, Cemo pio, ra saZageli xar!~ _ra kargad gamoiyenebda amas Cveni filosofosi! amas
SeiZleba isic davumato, rom italiel msaxiobebs Cveulebada aqvT pauzis dros
xumroba da sityviT lazRandaroba; magram SeiZleba mipasuxon, rom es msaxiobebi erTob
gulcivad da cudad TamaSoben da amitom SeuZliaT aseTi sisulelis daSveba. magram
yovlad SeuZlebelia amiT gamarTleba melpomenis_arnus xumrobisa; xumrobs q. b. arnu
da araviTar gavlenas ar axdens imisi Cumi xumroba imis rolis asrulebazed; yovlad
SeuZlebelia, rom mayurebels, romelic gulis fancqaliT Secqeris imis TamaSs, erT
wams mainc gauaros eWvma, rom SeiZleba am dros Taviseburad xumrobdes qalbatonio.
magram gamokvleva da Rrma damuSaveba esaWiroeba am azrebs; mibaZviTi xelovnebaTa
Teorias ekuTvnian, da jer ar arian sakmarisad Seswavlili. am xelovnebaT safuZvlad
is hipoteza udevT, rom xelovnur nawarmoebSi Cven gvxiblavs ara sinamdvile, aramed
mogonili, romelic ramdenadac ki SeiZleba uaxlovdeba sinamdviles. da es mogonili
yovelTvis azviadebs warmosaxviT Seqmnil suraTs, is yovelTvis ufro didi aris, vidre
bunebis suraTi. maS ra Seadgens dedarss didi msaxiobisas, xelovan artistisas, es
dedaarsi ar aris grZnobiereba. am mxriv me veTanxmebi Cvens filosofoss, magram arc
nebisyofa aris dedaarsi msaxiobebisa. bevrs vicnob, foladiviT magari xasaiTis kacs,
da amasTan Zalian Wkvians, romlebsac sul ubralo, patara scenis gaTamaSebac ki ar
SeuZliaT. didi msaxiobi is aris, visac dabadebiTave dahyolia niWi sagangebod
warmodgenisa, da visac ganuviTarebia es niWi Tavis rudunebiT. Zalian kargada vxedav,
rom amgvari ganmarteba arafers ganmartavs, magram es gaxlavT xvedri yovel zust
ganmartebisa; amiT dakmayofildiT; da Tu ganzogadebas dauwyebT am ganmartebebs,
bundovan sityvebs miiRebT mxolod, da susti gonebis mkiTxvels ki egoneba, rom raRac
mniSvnelovani WeSmariteba gadauSaleT, rodesac es iqneba carieli sityvis TamaSi da
sxva araferi. didi poets, didi mxatvars, didi msaxiobs hqmnis ara raime saerTo
Tvisebani, aramed imdenad odnavi cvlilebani am Tvisebisa, rom Cven TiTqmis verc ki
varCevT da miT ufro Znelad gamovTqvamT sityviT; erTi meti an naklebi patara xazi da

55
ra am kamaTis, da amas winad gavige; Tu gnebavT, SeadareT imaTi azrebi Cemsas. axla ki
Tavisufalni varT, Tqvenca da mec.

SeniSvnebi

1. baasi aris a. f. stikotis wignze `garriki, anu ingliseli msaxiobebi~,

romlis gamo didrom `SeniSvnebi~ dabeWda grimis `saliteraturo
korespondeciaSi~ da Semdeg `paradoqsi~ aqtiorze.
2. `tartiufi~ molierisa, moq. III, gamosvla mesame.
3. inglisuri – RmerTsa vficav.
4. devid garriki (1716-17790 – saxelovani ingliseli msaxiobi, gamge didi
xnis ganmavlobaSi, drurilenis Teatrisa londonSi, dauRalavi
propagandisti Seqspirisa, romlis repertuarSi Sehqmna mTeli rigi
didebul scenur gansaxierebisa 1751 da 1763 w. iyo parizSi, meored rom
mivida parizSi gaicno didro, romelsac, unda vigulisxmoT eqneboda
SemTxveva enaxa imisi TamaSi improvizul-mimikur scenebSi da Seqspiris
repertuaris nawyvetebSi. parizis saliteraturo xelovnebis darbazebSi.
5. kler-Jozef leris de la tiud, TeatriT kleeroni (1723-1803) _ frangi
saxelovani tragikuli msaxiobi qali. pirvelad 1742 w. gamovida
frangul komediis Teatris scenaze. xelovnurad mofiqrebulad,
teqnikuri mxriv virtuozulad TamaSobda da imisi TamaSi bevrs miaCnda
Teatralur ugrZnoblobis da uemociobis ganxorcielebad. dumenilis
nervul, mRelvarebiT savse niWis Tayvanismcemelni upirispirdebodnen
mas klerons da aRtacebulni mis Teatralur temperamentis
zeSTagonebul aRgznebiT, vera hxedavdnen mZafr CaSlas misi TamaSisas.

_an iRupeba niWi, an xelovnebis mwvervalsa swvdeba. amgvarad grZnobiereba aris didi
msaxiobis sruliad umniSvnelo da ucxo Tviseba; didi niWis patron msaxiobs SeiZleba
hqondes, an sulac ara hqondes es grZnobiereba; msaxiobis xelovnebaSi amas araviTari
mniSvneloba ara aqvs; zneobrivi xasiaTi da niWi warmoadgenen Tvisebebis erTobliobas,
romlebs erTmaneTSi ara aqvT raime damokidebuleba, ise rom geniosis niWs SeuZlia
erTnairad kargad iyos uaRresad mgrZnobier sulTanac da yovlad ugrZnobel
sulTanac. yvelaferi gvxvdeba am qveynad da dauSretelia mravalgvaroba kombinaciebisa.

(SeniSvna grimisa)

56
 kleronis da dumenilis metoqeobis Sesaxeb. ix. narkvevi n. i.
storoJenkosi `metoqeartistebi~ mis TxzulebaSi `literaturis
dargidan~ m. 1902, gv. 90-119.
6. fransua dukenua (1594-1646) __ gamoCenili moqandake me-XV_XVI saukunis
damdegisa. avtori briusselis Sadrevanis saxelovani figurisa, `menneken
_pis~-isa, andria mociqulis bumberazul qandakebisa wm. petres taZarSi
romSi, da wm. susanis qandakebisa loretis RvTismSoblis eklesiaSi iqve.
7. rasinis tragediis `britanikis~ _s moqmed piris agripanis rolis
saukeTeso amsruleblad iTvleboda kleroni.
8. mari-franzuaz demenili (1711-1803) _ frangi saxelovani tragikuli
msaxiobi. pirvelad franguli komediis scenaze gamovida 1732 w. rasinis
tragediaSi `ifigenia~ klitemenstris rolis amsruleblad. kleronTan
dapirispirebiT sazogadoebas hxiblavda ara Tavis rolis teqnikuri
virtuozobiT, aramed Tavis sasceno temperamentis mcxinvarebiT,
didnevrivnobiT, aRgznebiT da grZnobebiT.
9. aq moyvanili leqsebi warmoadgenen rasinis tragediis `ifigenia~_s
pirveli replikebis gadasxvaferebas
10. anri – lui – lekeni (1728-1778) _ safrangeTis uudidesi tragikuli
msaxiobi me-XVIII saukunisa, samagaliTo amsrulebeli volteris
repertuarisa, erTi pirvelTagani msaxiobTagan, romelnic klasikur
tragediis repertuaris moqmed pirTa realurad warmodgenis gzas
daadgen.
11. miSel baroni _ (1653-1729) – frangi gamoCenili tragikuli msaxiobi,
mowafe molerisa, winaaRmdeg xelovnurad aRgznebul burgundiis
Teatris tragikuli TamaSisa gabeda klasikur tragediis momqmed pirTa
realuri Segneba da warmodgena. 1691 w. mianeba Teatrs, xelaxlad
daubrunda 1729w. da sagangebod TamaSobda ymawvili gmirebis rolebs
_britanikisas, sidisas da sxva.
12. HJann –katrin gosseni (1711_1767) _ erTi saukeTeso msaxiobTagani
franguli komediisa. gamovida pirvelad 1731 w. rasinis `britanikis~
iuniis rolSi. brwyinvale warmatebiT Seasrula volteris saxelovani
tragediis `zaira~-s amave saxelwodebis momqmedi piris roli. 1763 w.
CamoSorda Teatrsa da mcxovan siberemde SeinarCuna umWknar siymawvilis
momxibvleloba.
13. `misani~ da `patara qali~ _ komedia faganisa, warmodgenili pirvelad
1734 w.
14. ymawvili qalis, msaxiob fransuaz _ mari antuanet sosrotrokuris
(1756-1815) debutebi 1722 w. franguli komediis TeatrSi. aRtacebulni
iyvnen parizeli mayurebelebi am qalis TamaSiT da ymawvilma msaxiobma
Zalian male moixveWa pirveloba TeatrSi. revoluciis dros Tavi
daaneba Teatrs da 1799 w. isev daubrunda, rodesac aRdgenil iqna
franguli komediis Teatri. rokuris TamaSSi Senaxuli iyo saukeTeso
tradiciebi safrangeTis klasikuri skolisa, romlebic Tavis saxelovan
mowafes JorJs gadasca.
15. fransua-rene mole (1734-1802) _ saxelovani msaxiobi, 1760 w. gamovida
pirvelad franguli komediis TeatrSi, metad rTuli iyo misi scenuri
niWi da kargad asrulebda tragikul rolebsac da damaxasiaTeblebsac.
16. kleronma 1756 wlis naxevarSi miatova franguli komedia, cdilobda
varSavaSi gadaetana Tavisi moRvaweoba da mere germaniaSi dasaxlda,
sadac metad saeWvo mdgomareobaSi imyofeboda mark graf aispaxis
sasaxleSi. 1786 w. parizSi dabrunda da ukanaskneli wlebi Tavis
sicocxlisa Tavis mogonebaTa weras moandoma.
17. komedia molierisa `javri siyvarulisa~, moqm. IV, scena mesame.
18. 1759 wlamde privilegur mayurebelTa Tanaxmad Zveli tradiciisa
hqondaT ufleba scenaze dabrZnebuliyvnen. es Zveli Cveuleba mospobil
iqna graf lopages rCeviT, romelmac TavisiT gadauxada franguli

57
 komediis Teatrs, saamisod mosawyobad gaweuli xarji. ix. A. Iullien, Les
spectateurs sur Le Theatre. Paris, 1875.
19. nivel de-la mosse (1691-1754) _ frangi dramaturgi, romelmac pirveli
nimuSebi mogvca `cremlian komediisa~ da gzas ukvlevda burJaziul
dramas. didi saxeli hqondaT imis piesebs: `melanidi~, `aRmzrdeli qali~,
`dedebis skola~ da `moduri crurwmena~.
20. garriki rom parizSi iyo, mis pativsacemad moawyes saRamo da iq
warmoadgina mimikuri scena `patara xabazi~, im saRamosve warmoadgina
xanjlebiT Seqspiris makbetidan.
21. aq baasi aris didros piesaze, romelsac ukanaskneli redaqciiT hqonda
saxelad `keTili aris, Tu boroti~. es piesa didrom damTavra mxolod
1781 w. Tavdapirvelad Tavis redaqciiT piesas ewodeboda `piesa da
Sesavali~
22. miSel sedeni (1716-1797) _ frangi dramaturgi, udidesi nivel de la
Sosses Semdeg warmomadgeneli `cremlian komediisa~. arqiteqtoris
Svili iyo, didxans iyo mewaxnageT da ukve ormocdaxuTi wlis iyo,
rodesac gamovida Tavis piesiT `TavisTavis ucnobi filsofosi~.
romelic warmoadgines 1765 w. sedensve ekuTvnis ramdenime libreto
kompozitorebis monsinis da gretris komikuri operebisa.
23. Jak nekkeri (1732-1804) _ frangi saxelovani ekonomisti da politikuri
moRvawe, romlis saxeli, rogorc burJuaziul liberalizmis erTerT
meTaurTaganisa mkvrivad aris SekavSirebuli safrangeTis revoluciis
pirvel wlebTan. 1777w. miiRo Tanamdeboba finansebis gamgisa, rac
gadakvriT aris naTqvami `paradoqsSi~.
24. Jan – fransua marmonteli (1723 – 1799) _ frangi mwerali da
literaturuli kritiki, TanamSromeli `enciklopediisa~, erTi
TvalsaCino warmomadgeneli zomier ganaTlebisa.
25. aq moTxrobili SemTxveva namdvilad daemarTa didros, romelsac metad
awuxebda erTi imisi nacnobis rivieris gaWirveba. es SemTxveva didros
asul qalbaton vandilsac aqvs moxsenebuli Tavis `mogonebebSi~.
26. `inesa de kastro~ _ tragedia antuan udar de la mottasi, aRtacebiT
miiRo sazogadoebam 1723 w.
27. maria anna de Satonefi TeatriT la duklo (1672_1748) - frangi
saxelovani tragikuli msaxiobi qali, tipiuri warmomadgeneli
deklamaciur stilis rolebis asrulebaSi.
28. abraam–aleqsis kino-dufreni (1672-1748) _ saxelovani msaxiobi franguli
komediis Teatrisa, sadac pirvelad gamovida scenaze 1712 w. orestis
roliT krebionis tragediaSi `eleqtra~. iyo erTi metad Taviseburi
warmomadgeneli realistur mimarTulebisa tragikul repertuarSi. iman
Sehqmna da ganxorcielebulad warmoadgina roli edipisa da orosmanisa
volteris tragediebSi `edipi~ da `zairi~. paradoqsSi moxsenebuli
polievkti aris gmiri kornelis imave saxelis tragediisa.
29. nini (arzasi) _ gmiri volteris tragedisaa. `semiramida~, romlis rols
didi warmatebiT asrulebda lekeni.
30. baiari _ mTavari molare fostisa, Zalian RvTismorwmune kacad
eCveneboda xalxs da ganzrax gakotrda 1769 w., grizeli _ mRvdeli
parizis arxiepiskopozisa, aRsarebis momsmeni da sulieri moZRvari
parizel umaRles wodebis qalebisa, megobari baiarisa; es sulieri mamac
daiWires baiarTan erTad. tuanari_didi ijaradari, saxelganTqmuli
Tavisi sixarbiT da kriJangobiT.
31. lui-Jan fransua lagrene (1724-1805) _ frangi cnobili mxatvari. xatavda,
istoriul suraTebs, alegoriebs da akademiur Sablonur portretebs.
Tumca xelovnurad damSvenebulebs. 1760 w. gawveul iqna ruseTs da iq
sami wlis ganmavlobaSi asrulebda mxatvrobis profesoris
Tanamdebobas xelovnebis akademiaSi.

58
32. didi koleqcia qonda suraTebisa safrangeTis finansist tiers;
ekaterine meorem iyida es suraTebi da fuZed daudo ermitaJs. eqspertad
am koleqciis damfaseblad ekaterines didro hyavda.
33. `salonebi~ _ didros kritikuli ganxilva parizis xelovnebis
gamofenisa, romelic 1759 wlidan grimis `literaturul momoweraSi~
ibeWdeboda. mravali sayuradRebo azri moipoveba am werilebSi
esTetikis da mxatvrobis xelovnebis Sesaxeb.
34. Jan – batist suar (1733-1817) _ frangi Jurnalisti, gamocemeli `evropis
saliteraturo gazeTisa~; SemdegSi cenzori dramatuli Txzulebebisa.
35. suzanna nekkeri, mamiT kurSo de la nasse (1739-1749) _ frangi mwerali,
meuRle ministrisa, deda saxelovan mwerlis Jermen de stalisa. mis
darbazSi ikribebodnen udidesi warmomadgenlebi parizis mecnierul da
literaturul dargebisa bufoni, marmonteli, didro, laharpi,
dalamberi da sxva.
36. `didebuli~ _komedia detuSisa (1680-1723) warmodgenili 1722 wels.
37. `modis cruazrovneba~ _ komedia nivel de la Sossesi, warmodgenili
1735 wels.
38. lui andre lesaJi TeatriT monmenili (1703-1743) frangi msaxiobi;
pirvelad gamovida franguli komediis Teatris scenaze 1726 wels, dasSi
Caricxes 1728 w. sagangebod asrulebda damaxasiaTebel rolebs. mag:
tartiufisas da sxva
39. `gabriel de verJi~ _ tragedia bullesi: Sinaarsad erTi saSualo
saukuneebis Tqmuleba aqvs: raindi raul de kusi jvarosanTa omSi
daWrili kvdeba da Tavis mesaWurvles ubrZanebs, _ guli amomWer da Cems
satrfos Ggabriel de verJis, miarTviT. _ mesaWurWvlem miitana guli,
magram qalis qmars Cauvarda xelSi, Cumad Seapara da SeaWama cols
Tavisi mijnuris guli. es rom gabrielma gaigo, aRkveTa saWmlis miReba
da SimSiliT mokvda.
40. aq Sinaarsi aris didiros piesisa `Serifi~, romlis gegmis damuSavebas
ramdenime wlis ganmavlobaSi scdilobda didro da dramad mainc ar
daswera.
41. kvint rosciusi _ saxelovani msaxiobi romaelebisa (130-62. Cvens
welTaRricxvamde), didi saxeli moixveWa Tavis komikur da
damaxasiTebel rolebis sagangebo asrulebiT da garda amisa kidev imiT,
rom ciceroni yavda Tavs damcvelad gaifaniesTan davaSi da brwyinvale
sityva warmosTqva mis dasacavad ciceronma.
42. maria _ anna boto, TeatriT danJvili (1714-1796) _ brwyinvale msaxiobi
komediisa. gansakuTrebul xelovnebas iCenda komediur dialogSi. didi
warmatebiT asrulebda moaxleebis da gadacmulebis rolebs.
43. Jan babtist brizari (1721_1791) _ frangi saxelovani msaxiobi,
mxatvrobaSi mowafe van-los. pirvelad parizSi gamovida 1757 wels.
asrulebda tragediul da damaxasiaTebel rolebs.
Jozef kaio saxelovani msaxiobi da momRerali italiuri komediisa;
iSviaTi xma qonda tenor baritonisa.
44. aq aRZruli aris sakiTxi msaxiobebis sazogadoebriv mdgomareobisa,
radgan gandevnili iyvnen eklesiidan da arc moqalaqis sruli uflebiT
sargeblobdnen. `paradoqsi~ am sakiTxs mowinave burJuaziul
mimarTulebis Tanaxmad swyvets, romelic moiTxovda gaTanasworebas
msaxiobisas Tavis `bunebriv kanonebiT~ yvela sxva moqlaqesTan. es
gaTanasworeba daakanona safrangeTis burJuaziulma revoluciam. ix. k.
derJAvini, Teatri safrangeTis revoluciisa. gamocema meore, 1936.
45. `ojaxis Tavi~ _ meore piesa didrosi; esec, rogorc misi pirveli piesa
`nabiWvari~ ganagrZobda brZolas burJuaziuli ojaxis dasacavad.
pirvelad warmodgenil iqna franguli komediis TeatrSi 1767 w. da mere
ganaxlebul iqna didi warmatebiT 1768 da 1781 w.

59
46. dramturgebis da safrangeTis komediis Teatris msaxiobebis SuRli
warmoadgens erT uaRresad saintereso nawils me-XVIII saukunis Teatris
istoriisas da mSvenivrad aSuqebs Teatraluri monopoliebis da
privilegiebis weswyobilebas ix. Bonassies, Les auteus dramatiques pt la Comedie
Francaise au XVII _e sioecles, Paris, 1874, da Dussone et Dereme; La querelle des comdkiens
des poetes, Paris, 1929.
47. filoqteti da neoptolemi _ momqmedni pirni sofokles tragediisa
`filoqteti~.
48. `werilebi ciceronisa atiks~. atiki erTi didebulTagani iyo romSi, da
Tan istorikosi mwerali; ciceronis misdami werilebSi uZvirfasesi
masala moipoeba Zvel romaelebis sazogadoebrivobis, filosofiur
azrovnebis da sxva daxasaiTeblad.
49. mark atil reguli _romaeli konsuli da mxedarmTavari; tyved waiyvanes
karTagenelebma pirvel punikur omSi; romSi gahgzavnes rom daeyoliebina
romaelebi zavis Sesakravad da tyveebis gasacvlelad da piroba
CamoarTves, _Tu ver daiyolie, isev karTagenSi moxvalo. _ romSi
regulma sul sxva sTqva vidre is, rac karTagenelebma daavales, da
sityva warmosTqva senatSi, romliT umtkicebda rom samarcxvino
iqneboda zavis Sekvrac da tyveebis gacvlac. karTagenSi rom dabrunda,
sazareli wamebiT iqna mokluli.
50. ferdinand galliani (1728-1787) _ mRvdeli, italieli literatori,
maswavlebeli, diplomati. didi xani cxovrobda parizSi, sul mwerlebis
wreebSi iyo da didi saxeli qonda friad ganTlebulis da
maxvilsityvieris mosaubrisa.
51. antonio franCesko rikoboni (1706-1772) – artisti parizis italiur
Teatrisa, avtori mraval komediebisa da Txzulebisa, `Teatris
xelovneba~ (1750 w.)
52. maria _ Janna rikobini, mamiT laborade – mezieri (1714-1792) frangi
mwerali da saSualo msaxiobi, meuRle antonio franCesko rikobanisa.
rogorc mwerals did yuradRebas aqcevda mas didro.
53. kneina galicinisa, mamiT amalia Smetau meuRle ruseTis elCisa parizSi
_ galicinisa, Zalian cnobili iyo parizis artistebis da mwerlebis
wreebSi.
54. balenkuri da deseni _ msaxiobi qalebi franguli komediis Teatrisa
55. Jan batist pigali – (1714-17850 _ frangi saxelovani moqandake; misi
naqandakevia marSal moris saqsonelis Zegli, ramdenime qandakeba lui
me-XV_isa, volteris, didrosi, da sxv. bareliefuri suraTebi.
56. laTinuri _ vinc Tavidanve win miiwevs da arsad uRalatebs Tavis Tavs.
57. giliom nikole _ didi xnis ganmavlobaSi iyo sen – loranis da sen_
Jermenis moednebis Teatrebis gamged.
58. graf esseki _ tragedia toma kornelisa, warmodgenili 1678 w.
59. sofio arnu (1774- 1803) _franguli operis artisti, saxelovani ara
marto Tavis xmiT da TamaSiT, aramed maxvil ganviTarebiTac.
60. jon meklini – saxelovani ingliseli tragiki _ garrikamde saukeTeso
amsrulebeli Seqspiris piesebis rolebisa.
61. `attikuri Rameebi~ _krebuli mraval SeniSvnebisa da azrebis mwerlobis,
filosofiis, gramatikis, ritorikis, da arxeologiis Sesaxeb, Sedgenili
romael mwerlis avl gallis mier; mokvda daaxloebiT 130 w.

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