CHAPTER-1

BASICS OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

Q.1 FILL IN THE BLANKS

1. Information Technology has a great influence on all aspects of life.
2. Information technology encompasses all of the technology that we use in order to
create, collect, process, protect and store information
3. Information technology refers to hardware, software (computer programs), and
computer networks”.
4. Information and Communication Technology concept involves transfer of all kinds
of information.
5. I.C.T stands for Information and Communication Technology.
6. Data can be any character, text, word, number or raw facts.
7. Information is data formatted in a manner that allows it to be utilized by human
beings in some significant way.
8. An electronic device which accepts input from the user, processes it according to the
instructions given to it & gives the required result in the form of output, is a com-
puter.
9.A computer can process data, images, audio, video and graphics.
10.Computer Architecture is a specification detailing of how software and hardware
technology standards interact to form a computer system.
11. Computer Architecture refers to how a computer system is designed & how it works
12.Input Unit helps users to enter data and commands into a computer.
13. Arithmetic and logic unit of the CPU performs arithmetic operations.
14. Control Unit is the back bone of the computers.
15.Control Unit is responsible for coordinating tasks between all components of a
computer system.
16.Control Unit collects data from input units and sends it to processing units depending
on its nature.
17. The memory unit uses a set of pre-programmed instructions to further transmit this
data to other parts of CPU.
18. The third and final component of a computer system is the output unit.
19.Primary Memory is also called the internal memory of the computer.
20.Primary Memory holds the data and instructions on which the computer is currently
working.
21. RAM stands for Random Access Memory.
22. RAM is also known as read/write memory.
23. RAM is also called volatile memory.
24. ROM stands for read only memory.
25. ROM is also known as Read Only Memory.
26. Bit is a binary digit that holds only one or two values.
27. Nibble is a group of 4 bits.
28. Byte is a group of 8 bits.
29. Byte is the smallest character that can represent a data item or a character.
30. Computer Hardware comprises of the physical components that a computer system
requires to function.
31. Computer Hardware consists of physical components that a computer system
requires to function.
32. A set of instructions given to a computer is known as a program.
33. Software is a generic term used to describe computer programs.
34. Open source software refers to the software which releases code in public domain
for anyone to use it.
35. FOSS means Free Open Source Software Policy.
36. Application software is a program or a group of programs designed for end users.
37. System software is a set of instructions required for a computer to work.
38. Linux Operating system is a program that allows different applications and various
components of hardware such as monitor, printer, mouse, keyboard etc. to communi-
cate with each other.
39. DOS (Disk Operating System) was dominant operating system for microcomputers
in the 1980’s and early 1990’s.
40. Chrome OS is an open-source operating system created by Google.
41. Apple Corporation’s registered operating system is called Mac OS.
42. UNIX was trademarked in 1969 by a group of AT&T employees at Bell Labs.
43. Linux is an open-source, portable, multi-user, multiprogramming operating system.
44. Blackberry is a closed source operating system for smartphones and tablet devices.
45. Android is a free and open source operating system provided by Google.
46. Asha is used by Nokia phones. This is closed source OS.
47. iOS is Apple's closed source operating system for Apple's iPhone, iPod Touch, iPad
and second-generation Apple TVs.
48. Windows Phone is developed by Microsoft as a closed source operating system for
mobile phones.
49. GNU/Linux is a family of operating systems that are created by various companies,
organizations and individuals.
50. GNU/LINUX is created by using Free Software Philosophies.
51. Ubuntu is the most popular GNU/LINUX distribution.
52. GUI is also called as GNOME.
53. The command line interface is when the user interacts with the computer using text.
54. Commands are typed into a terminal.
55. The default CLI on Ubuntu is called bash.
56. All files and directories are stored under the root directories.
57. Essential system programs are stored /bin.
58. All connected devices are stored under /dev.
59. System configuration files are stored under /etc.
60. /proc provides information about processes.
61. Temporary files are stored under /tmp.
62. User directories are stores under /home.
63. A computer network consists of collection of computers, printers and other
equipment that is connected together so that they can communicate with each other.
64. Network architecture is the design of a computer network.
 65. Network architecture is a framework for the specification of a network's physical
components and their functional organization and configuration.
66. A Peer-to-Peer network has no dedicated servers.
67. In peer to peer architecture all the machines are called peers.
68. Client is a computer which is seeking any resource from another computer.
69. Server is a computer that has a resource which is served to another computer.
70. Internet means connecting computer to another computer anywhere in the world.
71. Internet is a highway of information.
72. The internet is generally defined as a global network connecting millions of
computers.
73. ARPANET means Advanced Research Projects Agency Network.
74. ARPANET uses packet switching to allow multiple computers to communicate on a
single computer.
75. Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web (WWW).
76. A protocol is a set of rules that governs the communications between the
computers on a network.
77. TCP/IP stands for Transmission Control Protocol & Internet Protocol.
78.Domain Name System translates network address (such as IP addresses) into terms
understood by humans (such as Domain Names) and vice-versa.
79. Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol can automatically assign internet addresses
to computers and users.
80. File Transfer Protocol is a protocol that is used to transfer and manipulate files on
the internet.
81. Hyper Text Transfer Protocol is an internet-based protocol for sending and receiving
web pages.
82. Internet Message Access Protocol is a protocol for receiving e-mail messages from
server on the Internet.
83. Internet Relay Chat is a protocol used for Internet chat and other communications.
84. Post Office Protocol Version 3 is a protocol used for receiving e-mail from remote
mail servers.
Post Office Protocol Version 3 does not maintain copy on the server
85. Simple Mail Transfer Protocol is a protocol for sending e-mail messages to the
Server on the Internet.
86. Green Computing is the study and practice of environmentally sustainable
computing or IT.
87. The Internet of Things (Iot) is the network of physical devices, vehicles, home
appliances, and other items embedded with electronics, software, sensors,
actuators, and connectivity which enables these things to connect, collect and
exchange data.
88. Cloud Computing is the delivery of computing services - servers, storage, databases,
networking, software, data analytics and more - over the internet.
89. Data Analytics (DA) is the process of examining data sets in order to draw
conclusions about the information they contain, increasingly with the help of
specialized systems and software.
90. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is intelligence demonstrated by machines, in contrast to
 the natural intelligence displayed by humans and other animals.
91. Machine Learning (ML) is the scientific study of algorithms and statistical models
that computer systems use to effectively perform specific task without using explicit
instructions, relying on patterns and inference instead.
Machine Learning (ML) is seen as a subset of artificial intelligence.
92. Big Data refers to data sets that are too large or complex for traditional data-
processing application software to adequately deal with.
93. Block chain is a growing list of records, called blocks, which are linked using
cryptography.
94. LAN covers smaller geographical area (Size is limited to a few kilometres) and are
privately owned.
95. MAN is larger area than that of a LAN and smaller area as compared to WAN.
96. Wide Area Network is a computer network that extends over a large geographical
area.
97. An operating system is a software program that empowers the computer hardware to
communicate and operate with the computer software.
98. The operating system boots up the computer and makes sure that everything is
operational.
99. The operating system is also what runs the cell phone and most of the electronic
devices.
100. The operating systems usually come preloaded on any computer, tablet, laptop or
cell phone that you buy.
101. IT Enabled Services (ITES), also called web enabled services or remote services.
102. The graphical user interface is when the user interacts with the computer using
images, icons, and dialog boxes.
103. The command line interface is when user interacts with the computer using text.
104. Closed Source software means that the software is used by the proprietary and has
a closely guarded code.
105. Computer software can be classified into two types based on its utility
106. Computer storage & memory is often measured in Megabytes and Gigabytes.
107. Open Source Software is a code free software available freely to copy and modify.
108. Closed source Software is having proprietary rights with the developers & are paid
ones.
109. GNU/Linux operating systems are usually free of charge, free to distribute, and they
are open source.
110. Internet means connecting computer to any other computer anywhere in the world.
111. List Directories Prints the list of directories in the current one.
112. Print Working Directory Prints the path to the cur- rent directory.
113. Who Am I? Prints the name of the current user on terminal.
114. List CPU Prints information about your CPU on terminal.
115. Touch Creates a new file.
116. Change Directory Control goes to a different directory.
117. Nano is a text editor.
118. Concatenate Prints the contents of the files listed on the screen.
119. Echo is used to display line of text or string that are passed as an argument.
120. Clear is used to display line of text or string that are passed as an argument
Q.2 STATE TRUE OR FALSE

1. Nibble is a binary digit that holds two or more values. -- FALSE

2. Bit is a binary digit that holds only one of two values. -- TRUE
3. A group of 4 bits is called a byte. -- FALSE
4. A group of 8 bits is called a byte. -- TRUE
5. A group of 4 bits is called nibble. -- TRUE
6. A computer would not be able to function properly without an operating system. --
TRUE
7. Application software is a software program that empowers the computer hardware to
communicate and operate with the computer software. -- FALSE
8. An operating system boots up the computer and makes sure that everything is
operational. -- TRUE
9. The application software is also what runs the cell phones and most of the electronic
devices. -- FALSE
10. Intranet is a highway of information. -- FALSE
11. Information Communication Technology has a great influence on all aspects of life.
FALSE
12. IT (Information technology) encompasses all of the technology that we use in order to
create, collect, process, protect and store information. TRUE
13. ICT (Information and Communication Technology) concept involves transfer of all
kinds of information. TRUE
14. Data can be any character, text, word, number or raw facts. TRUE
15. Information is data formatted in a manner that allows it to be utilized by human beings
in some significant way. TRUE
16. A computer can process data, images, audio, video and graphics. TRUE
17. Computer Architecture is a specification detailing of how software and hardware
technology standards interact to form a computer system. TRUE
18. Computer Architecture refers to how a computer system is designed and how it works.
TRUE
19. Control Unit helps users to enter data and commands into a computer. FALSE
20. Arithmetic and logic unit of the CPU performs arithmetic operations. TRUE
21. Memory Unit is the back bone of the computers. FALSE
22. Memory Unit is responsible for coordinating tasks between all components of a
computer system, FALSE
23. Memory Unit collects data from input units and sends it to processing units depending
on its nature. FALSE
24. The Memory unit uses a set of per-programmed instructions to further transmit this
data to other parts of CPU. TRUE
25. Secondary Memory is also called the internal memory of the computer. FALSE
26. Primary Memory holds the data and instructions on which the computer is currently
working. TRUE
27. RAM stands for Random Access Memory. TRUE
28. ROM is also known as read/write memory. FALSE
29. RAM is also called volatile memory. TRUE
30. ROM stands for read only memory. TRUE
31. ROM is also known as Read Only Memory. TRUE
32. Bit is a binary digit that holds only one or two values. TRUE
33. Nibble is a group of 4 bits. TRUE
34. Byte is a group of 8 bits. TRUE
35. BIT is the smallest character that can represent a data item or a character. FALSE
36. Computer Hardware comprises of the physical components that a computer system
requires to function. TRUE
37. Computer Software consists of physical components that a computer system requires
to function. FALSE
38. A set of instructions given to a computer is known as a program. TRUE
39. Software is a generic term used to describe computer programs. TRUE
40. Open source software refers to the software which releases code in public domain for
anyone to use it. TRUE
41. FOSS means Free Open Source Software Policy. TRUE
42. System software is a program or a group of programs designed for end users. FALSE
43. System software is a set of instructions required for a computer to work. TRUE
44. DOS (Disk Operating System) was dominant operating system for microcomputers in
the 1980’s and early 1990’s. TRUE
45. Chrome OS is an open-source operating system created by Google. TRUE
46. LINUX was trademarked in 1969 by a group of AT&T employees at Bell Labs.
FALSE
47. Linux is an open-source, portable, multi-user, multiprogramming operating system.
TRUE
48. Blackberry is a closed source operating system for smartphones and tablet devices.
TRUE
49. GNU/Linux is a family of operating systems that are created by various companies,
organizations and individuals. TRUE
50. GNU/LINUX is created by using Free Software Philosophises. TRUE
51. Ubuntu is the most popular GNU/LINUX distribution. TRUE
52. CUI is also called as GNOME. FALSE
53. The command line interface is when the user interacts with the computer using text.
TRUE
54. Commands are typed into a terminal. TRUE
55. The default CLI on Ubuntu is called bash, TRUE
56. All files and directories are stored under the root directories. TRUE
57. Essential system programs are stored /bin. TRUE
58. All connected devices are stored under /dev. TRUE
59. System configuration files are stored under /etc. TRUE
60. /proc provides information about processes . TRUE
61. Temporary files are stored under /tmp. TRUE
62. User directories are stored under /home. TRUE
63. A computer network consists of collection of computers, printers and other equipment
that is connected together so that they can communicate with each other. TRUE
64. A Peer-to-Peer network has dedicated servers. FALSE
65. In peer to peer architecture all the machines are called peers. TRUE
66. Client is a computer which is seeking any resource from another computer. TRUE
67. Server is a computer that has a resource which is served to another computer. TRUE
68. Internet means connecting computer to another computer anywhere in the world.
TRUE
69. Internet is a highway of information. TRUE
70. The internet is generally defined as a global network connecting millions of
computers. TRUE
71. ARPANET means Advanced Research Projects Agency Network. TRUE
72. ARPANET uses packet switching to allow multiple computers to communicate on a
single computer. TRUE
73. Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web (WWW). TRUE
74. A protocol is a set of rules that governs the communications between the
communications between computers on a network. TRUE
75. TCP/IP stands for Transmission Control Protocol & Internet Protocols. FALSE
76. Domain Naming System translates network address (such as IP addresses) into terms
understood by humans (such as Domain Names) and vice-versa. FALSE
77. Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol can automatically assign internet addresses
to computers and users. TRUE
78. File Transfer Protocol is a protocol that is used to transfer and manipulate files on
the internet. TRUE
79. Hyper Text Transfer Protocol is an internet-based protocol for sending and receiving
web pages. TRUE
80. Internet Message Access Protocol is a protocol for receiving e-mail messages from
server on the Internet. TRUE
81. Internet Relay Chat is a protocol used for Internet chat &other communication. TRUE
82. Post Office Protocol Version 3 is a protocol used for receiving e-mail from remote
mail servers. TRUE
83. Post Office Protocol Version 3 does not maintain copy on the server. TRUE
84. Simple Mail Transfer Protocol is a protocol for sending e-mail messages to the
Server on the Internet. TRUE
85. Green Computing is the study and practice of environmentally sustainable
computing or IT. TRUE
86. The Internet of Things (Iot) is the network of physical devices, vehicles, home
appliances, and other items embedded with electronics, software, sensors,
actuators, and connectivity which enables these things to connect, collect and
exchange data. TRUE
87. Cloud Computing is the delivery of computing services - servers, storage, databases,
networking, software, data analytics and more - over the internet. TRUE
88. Data Analytics (DA) is the process of examining data sets in order to draw
conclusions about the information they contain, increasingly with the help of
specialized systems and software. TRUE
89. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is intelligence demonstrated by machines, in contrast to
the natural intelligence displayed by humans and other animals. TRUE
90. Machine Learning (ML) It is the scientific study of algorithms and statistical models
that computer systems use to effectively perform specific task without using explicit
instructions, relying on patterns and inference instead. TRUE
 91. Big Data refers to data sets that are too large or complex for traditional data-
processing application software to adequately deal with. TRUE
92. Block chain is a growing list of records, called blocks, which are linked using
cryptography. TRUE
93. WAN covers smaller geographical area (Size is limited to a few kilometres) and are
privately owned. FALSE
94. MAN is larger area than that of a LAN and smaller area as compared to WAN. TRUE
95. Wide Area Network is a computer network that extends over a large geographical
area. TRUE
96. An operating system is a software program that empowers the computer hardware
to communicate and operate with the computer software. TRUE
97. The operating system boots up the computer and makes sure that everything is
operational. TRUE
98. The operating system is also what runs the cell phone and most of the electronic
devices. TRUE
99. The operating systems usually come preloaded on any computer, tablet, laptop or
cell phone that you buy. TRUE
100. IT Enabled Services (ITES), also called web enabled services or remote services. TRUE
101. The graphical user interface is when the user interacts with the computer using
images, icons, and dialog boxes. TRUE
102. The commands are programs that are run when user types command name. TRUE
103. The command line interface is when user interacts with the computer using text.
TRUE
104. Closed Source software means that the software is used by the proprietary and has
a closely guarded code. TRUE
105. Computer software can be classified into two types based on its utility. TRUE
106. Computer storage & memory is often measured in Megabytes and Gigabytes. TRUE
107. Open Source Software is a code free software available freely to copy & modify.
TRUE
108. Closed source Software is having proprietary rights with the developers & are paid
ones. TRUE
109. GNU/Linux operating systems are usually free of charge, free to distribute, and they
are open source. TRUE
110. Internet means connecting computer to any other computer anywhere in the world.
TRUE
111. List Directories Prints the list of directories in the current one. TRUE
112. Print Working Directory Prints the path to the cur- rent directory. TRUE
113. Who Am I? Prints the name of the current user on terminal. TRUE
114. List CPU Prints information about your CPU on terminal. TRUE
115. Touch Creates a new file. TRUE
116. Change Directory Control goes to a different directory. TRUE
117. Nano is a text editor. TRUE
118. Concatenate Prints the contents of the files listed on the screen. TRUE
119. Echo is used to display line of text or string that are passed as an argument. TRUE
120. Clear is used to display line of text or string that are passed as an argument. TRUE
Q.3 CHOOSE THE CORRECT SINGLE ALTERNATIVE

1. In GNU/LINUX the topmost directory is called the root directory.

a) root directory b)/tamp directory c)/etc directory d)/proc directory

2. The root directory is written as /

a)/home b)/etc c)/bin d)/

3. Extranet is a combination of internet and ARPANET

a) extranet b) server c) internet d) software

4. IT enables services are also called web enabled services

a) operating systems b) GUI c) Internet d) web enabled services

5. Information security analysts are responsible for ensuring that networks are
watertight
a) web designer b) database manager c) Financial advisor d) Cyber advisor

6. The full form of TCP/IP is Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol
a) Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol
b) Transfer Control Protocol and Internet Protocol
c) Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocols
d) Transmission Control Protocols and Internet Protocol

7. DNS stands for Domain Name System.

a) Dedicated Name system b) Domain Name System c) Domain Name Systems
d) Dedicated Name systems

8. DNS translates network address into terms understood by humans

a) DNS b) DHCP c) FTP d) IMAP

9. The full form of DHCP is Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol.

a) Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
b) Dedicated Host Configuration Protocol
c) Dynamic Host Configuration Protocols
d) Dedicated Host Configuration Protocols

10. FTP means File Transfer Protocol.

a) File Transfer Protocol
b) File Transport Protocol
c) File Transferring Protocol
d) File Transfer Protocols
11. FTP is used to transfer and manipulate files on the internet
a) IRC b) POP3 c) SMTP d) FTP

12. HTTP stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol.

a) Hypertext Transferred Protocol
b) Hypertext Transfer Protocols
c) Hypertext Transferring Protocol
d) Hypertext Transferring Protocols

13. DHCP stands for Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol.

a) Dynamic Host Configuration Protocols
b) Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
c) Dedicated Host Configuration Protocol
d) Dedicated Host Configuration Protocols

14. IMAP stands for Internet Message Access Protocol.

a) Internet Message Access Protocols
b) Internet Message Access Protocol
c) Internet Messaging Access Protocol
d) Internet Message Accessing Protocol

15. IRC stands for Internet Relay Chat.

a) Internet Relay Chat
b) Intranet Relay Chat
c) International Relay Chat
d) Internal Relay Chat

16. POP3 stands for Post Office Protocol Version 3.

a) Pre Office Protocol Version 3
b) Post Office Protocol Version 3
c) Primary Office Protocol Version 3
d) Physical Office Protocol Version 3

17. SMTP stands for Simple Mail Transfer Protocol.

a) Sample Mail Transfer Protocol
b) Synchronous Mail Transfer Protocol
c) Simpler Mail Transfer Protocol
d) Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

18. SMTP means a protocol for sending message to the server on the internet
a) POP3 b) SMTP C) IMAP d) HTTP

19. POP3 is a protocol used for receiving email from remote mail servers. It does
not maintain copy on the server
a) IRC b) IP C) IMAP d) POP3
20. IRC is a protocol used for internet chat and other communications
a) FTP b) IMAP c) IRC d) DNS

21. IRC facilitates communication in the form of text

a) FTP b) IRC c) DHCP d) DNS

22. IMAP is a protocol for receiving email messages from server on the internet
a) IMAP b) POP3 c) SMTP d) DNS

23. IMAP maintains copy of all emails on the serve

a) IRC b) POP3 c) SMTP d) IMAP

24. HTTP is an internet based protocol for sending and receiving web pages
a) IRC b) HTTP c) SMTP d) DNS

25. FTP is a protocol that is used to transfer and manipulate files on the internet
a) TCP b) HTTP c) FTP d) SMTP

26. DHCP can automatically assign internet addresses to computers and user
a) DHCP b) HTTP c) IMAP d) SMTP

27. DNS translates network address (such as IP address) into terms understood by
humans (such as Domain names) and vice versa
a) POP3 b) SMTP c) DNS

28. TCP/IP breaks down the message into packets and send them out into the
network
a) TCP b) HTTP c) FTP d) SMTP

29. A protocol is a set of rules that governs the communication between computers
on a network
a) software b) protocol c) Internet d) Network

30. Green computing is the study and practice of environmentally sustainable

computing or IT
a) cloud computing b) Data analysis c) Big data d) green computing

31. Big data refers to data sets that are too large or complex for traditional data
processing application software to adequately deal with.
a) cloud computing b) Data analysis c) Big data d) green computing

32. Block chain is a growing list of records called blocks which are linked using
cryptography
a) Artificial intelligence b) block chain c) Bid data d) Machine learning
33. Cloud computing is the delivery of computing services – servers, storage
databases, networking software, data analytics and more over the internet
a) cloud computing b) Data analysis c) Big data d) green computing

34. Bit is a binary digit that holds only one of the two value 0 or 1
a) Bit b) Nibble c) Byte d) Kilobyte

35. MS DOS is an example of CLI

a) MS DOS b) chrome so c) windows d) windows

36. The default CLI on Ubuntu is called bash

a) Android b) IOS c) bash d) blackberry

37. Essential system programs are stored here /bin

a)/bin b)/proc c)/etc d)/home

38. All connected devices are stored here. Including internal devices, temperature
sensors, and batteries /deva)/dev b)/proc c)/etc d)/home

39. System configuration files are stored here /etc.

a)/bin b)/proc c)/etc d)/home

40. Files that provide information about processes are stored here /pros. This is
information like, how much RAM is free, or how fast the CPUs are running
a)/dev b)/proc c)/etc d)/home

41. Temporary files are stored here /tmp

a)/tmp b)/proc c)/etc d)/home

42. LAN covers smaller geographical area and are privately owned.
a) LAN b) WAN c) MAN d) SAN
43. Seers home directories are stored here /home.
a)/tamp b)/proc c)/etc d)/home

44.MAN is larger area than that of a LAN and smaller area as compared to WAN
a) LAN b) WAN c) MAN d) SAN

45.Wide Area Network is a computer network that extends over a large

geographical area.
a) LAN b) WAN c) MAN d) SAN
46. The Internet of Things (Iota) is the network of physical devices, vehicles
a) Internet of Things b) Block chain c) Big Data d) Data analytics

47. Open Source Software is a code free software available freely to copy and
modify
a) open source software b) closed source software c) hardware d) protocol

48. Closed source Software is having proprietary rights with the

developers and are paid ones.
a) open source software b) closed source software c) hardware d)
protocol

Q.4 CHOOSE THE CORRECT DOUBLE ALTERNATIVE:

1. The main function of input device is to direct commands and data into
computer.
2. The 2 types of computer memory are Primary Memory and Secondary
Memory.
3. The 2 types of RAM are Dynamic RAM and Static RAM.
4. Computer storage is often measured in Megabytes (MB) and Gigabytes
(GB).
5. UNIX is a multitasking and multi-user computer operating system.
6. The outcome of an IT enabled service is in two forms: Direct Improved
Service and Indirect Benefits.
7. ______ and _______ are the examples on input devices
a) MICR b) OCR c) printer d) monitor
Ans- MICR and OCR
8. ________and _______ are the examples of secondary memory
a) magnetic hard disk b) optical disk c) RAM d) ROM
Ans- magnetic hard disk and optical disk
9. ________and _______are the examples of primary memory
a) RAM b) ROM c) Magnetic hard disk
Ans- RAM and ROM
10. ______and ______ are the examples of application software
a) Microsoft office b) Tally c) IOS d) Windows
Ans- Microsoft office and tally
11. ______ and ______ are the examples of application software
a) Microsoft b) Tally c) IOS d) windows
Ans- Microsoft and tally
12. _______ and ______ are the examples of operating system
a) Android b) IOS c) UNIX d) LINUX
Ans- UNIX and LINUX
13. ______ and ______ are the examples of operating system for mobile phones
 a) Android b) IOS c) UNIX d) LINUX
and- IOS and android
14. Computer storage and memory is often measured in _______ and ________
a) megabytes b) kilobytes c) bytes d) gigabytes
Ans- Megabytes (MB) and Gigabytes (GB).
15. Computer software can be classified into two types-________ and _______
a) application software b) system software c) protocol d) software
Ans- Application Software and System Software.

Q.5 CHOOSE THE CORRECT TRIPLE ALTERNATIVE

1. IT refers to hardware, software and computer networks.

2. Every computer system has three basic components: Input Unit, Central Processing
Unit & Output Unit.

3. Examples of input unit are Magnetic Ink Character Reader (MICR), Optical Char-
acter Reader (OCR) & Keyboard.

4. The 3 elements of CPU are Arithmetic and logical unit, Control Unit & Memory
Unit.

5. The 3 types of ROM are PROM, EPROM & EEPROM.

6. The examples of secondary storage devices are Magnetic (Hard) Disk, Pen Drives &
Optical Disk.

7. The examples of Output Unit are monitors, screens & speakers.

8. In open source software the source code can be copied, modified or distributed by
other users & organizations.

9. In closed source software only the original authors of the organization can access,
copy & alter that software.

10. Linux is an open-source, portable & multi-user operating system.

11. The graphical user interface is when the user interacts with the computer using

images, icons & dialog boxes.

12. The three types of networks are LAN, MAN & WAN.

13. IT Enabled Services (ITES) are also called as web enabled services, remote services
or Tele-working.
Q.6 MATCH THE COLUMNS
COLUMN A COLUMN B

1.Primary memory A. Main memory

2.Secondary memory B. Auxiliary memory

3.Input unit C. keyboard

4.Output unit D. Printer

5.Memory unit E. Cache

6.Open source software F. Tally

7. Closed source software G. MS office

8. System software H. Windows

9. FOSS I. Liber office

10. Asha J. Nokia

11. Linux K. Ubuntu

12. LAN L. Schools

13. MAN M. ISP

14. WAN N. Satellite

15.WWW O. Tim breeder’s lee

Q.7 ANSWER THE FOLLOWING:

1. Define:

1. Information Technology - “IT (Information Technology) encompasses all of the

technologies that we use in order to create, collect, process, protect and store
information.

2. Information Technology refers to hardware, software (computer programs),

and computer networks”.
 3. I.C.T (Information and Communication Technology) concept involves transfer and
use of all kinds of information.

4.I.C.T (Information and Communication Technology) is the foundation of economy

and a driving force of social changes in the 21st century.

5. Data - Data can be any character, text, word, number or raw facts.

6. Information - Information is data formatted in a manner that allows it to be

utilized by human beings in some significant way.

7. Computer Architecture is a specification detailing of how a set of software and

hardware technology standards interact to form a computer system

2. State the functions of Computer System.

Ans A computer can process data, images, audio, video and graphics.
Functions of Computer system are as follows
1) It accepts data or instructions by way of input.
2) It stores data.
3) It can process data as required by the user.
4) It gives results in the form of output.
5) It controls all operations inside a computer.

3. Write a short note on following:

1. Input Unit –
1.This unit helps users to enter data and commands into a computer system. Data can be in
the form of numbers, words, actions, commands, etc.
2. The main function of input devices is to direct commands and data into computer.
3. Computer then uses its CPU to process data and produce output.
4. Examples of input unit are Keyboard, Mouse, Magnetic Ink Character Reader (MICR),
Optical Character Reader (OCR)

2. Central Processing Unit (CPU):

1. After receiving data and commands from users, a computer system has to process it
according to the instructions provided. Here, it has to rely on a component called the
Central Processing Unit.
2. Arithmetic and Logic Unit: This part of the CPU performs arithmetic operations.
3. Control Unit: This unit is the back bone of computers. It is responsible for coordinating
tasks between all components of a computer system.
4. Memory Unit: Once a user enters data using input devices, the computer system stores
this data in its memory unit.
3.Primary Memory: Primary memory is internal memory of the computer. It is also known
as main memory.
Types of Primary Memory– Primary memory is generally of two types.
1. RAM 2. ROM

1. RAM (Random Access Memory):

1. It stands for Random Access Memory. RAM is known as read /write memory.
2.It is generally referred to as main memory of the computer system.
3. It is a temporary memory. The information stored in this memory is lost as the power
supply to the computer is switched off.
4.That’s why RAM is also called as “Volatile Memory”.

2. ROM (Read Only Memory):

1. It stands for Read Only Memory. ROM is a Permanent Type memory.
2.The content is not lost when power supply is switched off.
3.Content of ROM is decided by the computer manufacturer and permanently stored at the
time of manufacturing.
4.ROM cannot be overwritten by the computer. It is also called “Non-Volatile Memory”

4. Secondary Memory: It is an external memory of the computer. It is used to store the

huge amount of different programs and information. The secondary storage devices are: 1.
Magnetic (Hard) Disk 2. Magnetic Tapes 3. Pen Drive 4. Flash memory 5. Optical Disk (CD,
DVD) 6. SSD etc.

5. Output Unit:
1. The third and final component of a computer system is the output unit.
2. After processing of data, it is converted into a format which human can understand.
3. After conversion, the output unit displays this data to users.
4. Examples of output devices include monitors, screens, printers and speakers etc. Thus,
output units basically reproduce the data formatted by the computer for user's benefit

4. Distinguish between RAM and ROM.

ANS:
RAM ROM

RAM stands for Random Access Memory. ROM stands for Read Only Memory.

RAM is also called Temporary Memory. ROM is called as permanent memory.

It is known as volatile memory. It is known as non-volatile memory.

Types of RAM are: Dynamic RAM and Static Types of ROM are: PROM, EPROM and
RAM. EEPROM.

1. Distinguish between GUI & CLI.

ANS:
 GUI CLI

GUI stands for graphical user interface. CLI stands for command line interface.

Windows is characterised as GUI. DOS is characterised as CLI.

GUI uses pictures, symbols and word that CLI uses characters on screen that control
control with mouse. with keyboard.
GUI is very friendly and easy to remember. CLI can be confusing and difficult to
remember.

5. State the characteristics of Linux.

ANS: The characteristics of Linux are:
I. Linux is Free and Open source.
II. Linux Operating System is free from viruses.
III. Easy to keep all the software up-to-date.
IV. Linux is flexible and easily customisable.
V. Linux provides excellent support.

6. State the different careers in IT.

ANS: The different careers in IT are:
I. Web Designer and Developer- One can develop interactive websites using knowledge of HTML,
PHP and various other programming languages.
II. Software Developer- It is possible to have career as a software developer with the scripting skills.
III. Database Manager- After getting knowledge about Database management one can work as a
Database Manager with the help of SQL skills.
IV. Professional Accountant- Using computerized accounting software one can successfully handle
accounting work of any small or large scale organization.
V. Financial Advisor- After getting IT knowledge one can advise and guide others in investing the
money in various investment schemes with the calculations and benefits in future.

7. Name and explain the recent trends in IT.

ANS: The recent trends in IT are:
I. Green Computing: It is the study and practice of environmentally sustainable computing or IT.
II. The goals of green computing are similar to green chemistry:
a. To reduce the use of hazardous materials.
b. To maximize energy efficiency during the product's lifetime.
c. To recycle or biodegradation of non-functional products and factory waste. Green
computing is important for all classes of systems, ranging from handheld systems to large-
scale data centres.

8. State the functions of operating system.

ANS 1. A computer would not be able to function correctly without an operating system.
2. An operating system is a software program that empowers the computer hardware to
communicate and operate with the computer software.
3. The operating system boots up the computer and makes sure that everything is operational.
4.The operating system is also what runs the cell phone and most of the electronic devices.

9. State the various operating systems.

ANS 1. Windows: Windows is a series of operating systems that are designed by Microsoft.
2. Mac OS: Apple Corporation’s registered operating system is called Mac OS.
3. Chrome OS: Chrome OS is an open-source operating system created by Google.
 4. UNIX: UNIX was trademarked in 1969 by a group of AT&T employees at Bell Labs

10. Explain different operating systems for mobile phone.

ANS 1. Android: Android is a free and open source operating system provided by Google. It is most popular
OS amongst all other OS.
2.Asha: Asha is used by Nokia phones. This is closed source OS.
3.Blackberry: This is a closed source operating system for smartphone and tablet devices.
4. iOS: iOS is Apple's closed source operating system for Apple's iPhone, iPod Touch, iPad and second-
generation Apple TVs.

11. Write a short note on GUI and CLI.

ANS1. GUI stands for graphical user interface.
2. Windows is characterised as GUI. This GUI is called GNOME
3.GUI uses pictures, symbols and word that control with mouse.
4.GUI is very friendly and easy to remember.

1.CLI stands for command line interface. The command line interface is when user interacts with the
computer using text.
2. MS-DOS is characterised as CLI.
3.CLI uses characters on screen that control with keyboard.
4. CLI can be confusing and difficult to remember.

12.Write a short note on LAN MAN WAN.

ANS – 1. LAN covers smaller geographical area (Size is limited to a few kilometres) and are privately owned.
2.Usage area is limited to areas such as an office building, home, hospital, schools, etc.
3.It covers a short distance, and so the error and noise are minimized.
4. LAN is easy to setup.

MAN is larger area than that of a LAN and smaller area as compared to WAN.
1.It connects two or more separate computers that reside in the same or different cities.
2. It covers a large geographical area and may serve as an ISP (Internet Service Provider).
3. It is hard to design and maintain a Metropolitan Area Network.
4. Examples of a MAN are the part of the telephone company network that can provide a high-speed DSL
line to the customer or the cable TV network in a city.

WAN- 1. Wide Area Network is a computer network that extends over a large geographical area.
2. It might be confined within the bounds of a state or country.
3.A WAN could be a connection of LAN connecting to other LAN’s via telephone lines and radio waves.
4. The technology is high speed and relatively expensive.

13. State the benefits of using LINUX.

ANS 1. Linux is Free and Open Source and Excellent Support operating system.
2. Linux Operating System is free from viruses.
3. Easy to keep all the software up- to-date.
4. Linux is flexible and easily customizable.

14.State different protocols used for internet.

ANS. 1. TCP/IP: Transmission Control Protocol & Internet Protocol. It breaks down the message into
packets and sends them out into the network.
2. DNS: Domain Name System-It translates network address (such as IP addresses) into terms understood
by humans (such as Domain Names) and vice-versa.
3.DHCP: Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol - It can automatically assign internet addresses to computers
and users.
4. FTP: File Transfer Protocol - A protocol that is used to transfer and manipulate files on the internet.

15.Explain different IT enabled services:

ANS 1. Call Centres and Electronic Publishing
2.Medical Transcription and Data Centres
3.GIS Mapping and (Geographic Information System)
4. ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) and Knowledge Management & archiving.

16. Write a short note on:

1. Client-Server Architecture: This type of architecture is most suitable for larger network. So there are
two types of machines in network, client and server.
Client: A computer which is seeking any resource from another computer is a client computer. For
Example: Downloading an image file from a website, browsing Intranet/Internet etc. The network user
normally uses a client computer to perform his day to day work.
Server: If a computer has a resource which is served to another computer, it is a server computer. The
client establishes a connection to a server and accesses the services installed on the server.
for a network user to browse in internet or do spreadsheet work. For Example: Multimedia server, File
storage servers, Webserver etc.

2. Peer-to-Peer Architecture:
1.In this type of architecture, all the machines, called as “peers”, have the same status and they can
communicate with any other peer directly.
2. A Peer-to-Peer network has no dedicated servers. Its implementations are meant for small networks.
3. For Example, when students create a network to share files through Bluetooth or SHARE it, the mobile
device forms peer-to-peer network for transfer of files.

3.Internet:
1.Internet means connecting computer to any other computer anywhere in the world. Internet is the
highway of information.
2.The Internet has one very simple job: to move computerized information (known as data) from one place
to another.
3.The Internet is generally defined as a global network connecting millions of computers.
4.The Internet is a massive network of networks, a networking infrastructure. With the help of the internet
one can easily be in touch with anyone in the whole world by sending electronic mail, by chatting. Travel
bookings can be made very easily; one can order books or buy anything online.

4.History of Internet:
1.The first workable prototype of the internet came in the late 1960's with the creation of ARPANET, or the
Advanced Research Projects Agency Network. Originally funded by the U.S. Department of Defence,
2. ARPANET used packet switching to allow multiple computers to communicate on a single network. The
technology continued to grow in the 1970's after scientists Robert Kahn and Vinton Cerf developed
Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol, or TCP/IP, a communications model that set
standards for how data could be transmitted between multiple networks.
3.ARPANET adopted TCP/IP on January 1, 1983, and from there researchers began to assemble the
“network of networks” that became the modern Internet.
4.The online world then took on a more recognizable form in 1990, when computer scientist Tim Berners-
Lee invented the World Wide Web (WWW).

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