ORAL COMUNICATION

1ST TO 2ND WEEK

PRETEST
DIRECTION: Choose the letter of the correct answer.
1. All of the following define communication, EXCEPT?
A. Communication involves a transaction.
B. Communication is sharing of ideas among a group of people.
C. Communication is a confusion of ideas in the mind of another.
D. Communication is a transfer of messages from one person to an-
other.
2. Complete the analogy:Listener: receiver of the message:: ____:is
ameans by which the message is sent
A. Speaker
B. Channel
C. Response
D. Feedback
3. Which of the following models of communication asserts that commu-
nication can take place if and only if there is an overlap between the
field of experience of the speaker and of the listener?
A. Shannon-Weaver’s model

(First B. Schramm’s
C. Aristotle’s

Quarter) D. White’s
4. The content of the communication is called a:
A. Message
B. Noise
PREPARED BY: C. Media richness
LEA BALBAGON D. Jargon

EUREM DIAN

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 5. To convert a message into groups of words, symbols, gestures, or LESSON 1: UNDERSTANDING COMMUNICATION
sounds that present ideas or concept is called ________.
A. Encoding
B. Feedback What do you think of when you hear the word
C. Noise
“communication”? A speaker delivering a speech before an audience is the
D. Media richness
6. A certain look or gaze is an example of: first thing that probably comes to mind for many in the class. Communica-
A. Verbal communication tion involves the transaction between the person who talks and the person
B. Oral communication
who listening. Communication is the process of sharing ideas, thoughts, and
C. Written communication
D. Nonverbal communication information. It also involves a Speaker imparting ideas, concepts and data to
7. It is the process by which the receiver interprets the symbols used by a group of listeners (the Audience)-----this is Communication.
the source of the message byconverting them into concepts and
ideas. Communication is an important aspect to everyone’s lives, it is how
A. Decoding
we interact with the world around us. Communication is about two people
B. Listing
C. Encoding talking such as with a sibling, a parent, a teacher, or a friend, face to face in
D. Feedback real life or even via the internet. It is also a group of people talking with one
8. It shows how time is viewed differently in various countries. another to solve a problem or discussing some issues or topics.
A.Chronemics
B. Haptics Watch the video for more info. https://www.youtube.com/watch?
C. Proxemics v=RkebtEk2zU0
D. Gestures
9. The use of space provides us with ideas about how close or how far ACTIVITY 1
people are from the center of poweror where a person is in the so- DIRECTION: Choose an object inside the room to which you can com-
cial ladder. pare communication. Be creative with your answer.
A.Chronemics
B. Haptics
C. Proxemics ACTIVITY 2
D. Gestures
DIRECTION: Write an essay about the definition and nature of com-
munication based from the discussed communication theories. Use a word
count limit between 100-200 words.

EXPLAINING THE FUNCTION, NATURE AND PROCESS OF COMMUNICA-

TION

2
 LESSON 2: EXPLAINING THE NATURE OF The Aristotle’s communication model is revolves around
the speaker as the main concept of this theory is that, speaker plays the most
COMMUNICATION important role in communication and it is the only one who holds the respon-
Human beings are poor communicators but our communicative compe- sibility to influence his/her audience through public speaking. It is the speak-
tence can be improved by learning and practicing effective communication er’s role to deliver a speech to the audience. The audience is pas-
skills. sive, influenced by the speech. This makes the communication process one
way, from speaker to receiver.
Communication has a symbolic nature and is an act of sharing one’s
ideas, emotions, attitudes, or perceptions with another person or group of per- The speaker must organize and prepare his/her speech beforehand,
sons through words (written or spoken), gestures, signals, signs, or other according to the target audience and situation (occasion).
modes of transmitting images. The transmission of ideas always encounters Even if the model is speaker oriented and focuses on audience interaction in
barriers that reduce its effectiveness. communication, there is no concept of feedbacks.
Some basic facts about communication are that perfect communication For instance, a politician (speaker) gives a speech to get votes from
is impossible; the meaning of a message is in the mind/perception of the re- the civilians (audience) at the time of election (occasion). The civilians only
ceiver; and personality affects the effectiveness of communication. vote if they are influenced by the things the politician says in his speech so the
To communicate effectively, one should develop not only skills, but also content must be very impressive to influence the mass and the speaker must
a sense of empathy with others. design the message very carefully.
The speech must be clear as well as the speaker must have a very
good non-verbal communication with the audience like eye contact. This ex-
ample is a classic case of Aristotle Model of Communication depicting all the
elements in the model.

It is a two way circular communication between sender and receiver.

It is derived from Osgood Model who gave a circular form of communication.
Aristotle Model is mainly focused on speaker and speech. It can be
broadly divided into 5 primary elements: Speaker, Speech, Occasion, Audi-
ence and Effect.
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 He emphasis on encoding and decoding of message. A message is only becomes useless if the receiver does not understand it making feedback dif-
sent when encoded by sender and decoded after its receiving by the receiver, ferent than the expected outcome.
so it is called decoder.
He gave 6 elements of communication: Fig 1
Source Encoder Decoder Receiver
Message Channel
This model shows how meaning is transferred from one person or
group to another. Here he added Field of experience: are based on individual
beliefs, values, experiences a nd learned meanings both as an individual or part According to Eugene White in his definition of the model of communi-
of group. cation, it is a repetitive cycle. His 1960 model is that of a cyclical process com-
posed of eight stages. These stages are thinking, symbolizing, expressing,
Thus Schramm says Message meaning can be Denotative or Connota- transmitting, receiving, decoding, feed-backing, monitoring and thinking. This
tive. model suggests that there is no beginning nor end to communication. He is
Denotative meaning: it is based on Dictionary meaning of word. Which is uni- also the one who introduced the concept of feedback-- a process that is now
versally same and accepted by all? known to close the loop (complete the cycle).

Connotative meaning : based on one’s Emotional or Personal experiences , thus Watch the video for more info. https://www.youtube.com/watch?
can be different for different persons , based upon their evaluation. , v=IxsW3FxgAGk

Thus incorporating the study of human behavior. ACTIVITY 3

Schramm's model of communication is used in both Intrapersonal and DIRECTION: Describe the process of communication by identify-
Interpersonal communication. ing the role of its components.

The model takes communication as a never ending process which con-

stitutes messages and feedbacks.
Each person is both sender and receiver, so there must be interpreta-
tion of the message on each turn. The interpreted data is known as infor-
mation. This makes communication effective but might cause problems too as
the message sent after encoding might not be the same when decoded by the
receiver. So, this model is not conventional like other models that only talk
about sender and receiver.
ACTIVITY 4
Feedback is also a very important component as it lets the sender know
if the receiver has interpreted the message as required or not. The message DIRECTION: Identify the different kinds of symbolic communica-
tion.
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 bal or nonverbal, in which the encoded message is conveyed
ORAL COMUNICATION 5. Decoding – the process of interpreting the encoded message of the speaker

3RD TO 4TH WEEK by the receiver

6. Receiver – the recipient of the message, or someone who decodes the mes-
LESSON 3: PROCESS OF COMMUNICATION sage

7. Feedback – the reactions, responses, or information provided by the receiv-

The essential elements of the process of communication are the mes- er
sage, the sender, encoding, the channel, the receiver, decoding, acting on the Watch the video for more info. https://www.youtube.com/watch?
message, the feedback, and the communication environment. v=q6u0AVn-NUM
Both the sender and the receiver play a role in making communication Activity 5
effective. The sender should encode the message accurately after considering DIRECTION: Using the Class List of Communication, cite the ele-
the level, expectations, and needs of the target audience (receiver); the receiver ments of communication for each specific activity. Justify the presence of ab-
should listen or read carefully to try to understand the intended meaning of the sence of each element in the said activity.

sender. What is the communicative situation?

The universal, common elements of communication are the communi- Who/what is the speaker/source of message?

cation environment, the use of symbols, and the presence of mental filters. What is the message being sent?

Elements of Communication Communication is divided into ele- Who is intended listener/receiver?

ments which help us better understand its mechanics or process. These ele- Is feedback possible?

ments are the following: Activity 6

1. Speaker – the source of information or message DIRECTION: Identify the 7 elements of communication.

2. Message – the information, ideas, or thoughts conveyed by the speaker in

words or in actions LESSON 4: DIMENSION OF COMMUNICATION
As a part of communicating, the sender is accountable for assuring the
3. Encoding – the process of converting the message into words, actions, or oth-
information is clear, complete, and comprehendible to the intended recipient.
er forms that the speaker understands
The recipient is responsible for understanding the information and making
4. Channel – the medium or the means, such as personal or non-personal, ver-

5
sure it was received in its entirety. Due to this structure, communication has why it happened and what caused it by looking the dimension(s) of communi-
cation that was (were) not properly understood. Then recall how the problem
many dimensions.Four Pairs of Dimension
was resolve.
Written and oral, which includes listening and speaking - Written com-
munications include such activities as writing reports and executive
summaries, and writing e-mails. Oral communications include giving
oral presentations, communicating within a group context, and com-
municating one-to-one. Listening and speaking skills also are important
in ensuring that project information has been distributed properly.
Internal and external - Internal communications are information ex-
changes that take place within the organization itself. External commu-
nications involve stakeholders and customers who are not officers or
employees of the organization – vendors, customers and the media are
a typical example.
Formal and informal - Formal communication involves formal delivera-
bles, such as briefings and status reports describing any key accom-
plishments and concerns. Informal communications may include phone
conversations, e-mail, and adhoc conversations.
Vertical and horizontal - Vertical communications are directed at persons
who are at different levels within the corporate hierarchy. Horizontal
communications take place with persons who have similar levels of re-
sponsibility and authority your peers.

Watch the video for more info. https://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=2QZ8c9vfwjk
Activity 7
DIRECTION: Recall a misunderstanding, a quarrel, or a fight be-
tween you or another person (friends, siblings, parents or relatives). Analyze

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 the Oral Dimension take care of delivering those words (although that may
ORAL COMUNICATION not necessarily happen)

5TH TO 6TH WEEK Formal/Informal Dimensions

LESSON 5: INFLUENCE OF CULTURE ON THE DIMENSION OF The type of society a person lives in, with their culture,
COMMUNICATION reflects how they deliver messages formally or not. What a person is used to
Culture has a great influence on how people communicate. In this sec- hearing or saying in their society influences how they will act and respond to
tion, we will look into how culture influences the different dimensions of com- a message.
munication especially in the Philippine context. Intentional/Unintentional Dimensions

Verbal/Non Verbal Dimension Culture can affect how a person acts and give an impact when

In interpersonal communication there are seven specific present in another society wherein he or she is unaware of what is considered

dimensions of nonverbal communication. The seven dimensions are as follows: discourteous.

(1) kinesics or body movements, including facial expressions; (2) vocalics/ Watch the video for more info. https://www.youtube.com/watch?
paralanguage or speaking traits that includes volume of voice, rate, and pitch; v=2QZ8c9vfwjk
(3) personal experience; (4) our immediate physical environment and the ob-
Activity 8
jects that are within that environment; (5) personal space or proxemics which
relates to proximity and distance between people; (6) haptics or movement DIRECTION: List down 20 types of nonverbal communication

involving physical touch; (7) the role of time in communication, defined as commonly used by Filipinos. List down their meaning in the second column.

chronemics. These dimensions are a useful way of categorizing and giving a

Nonverbal Meaning
framework to nonverbal behaviors in communication
Communication
Oral/Written Dimensions
Mean spoken Communication (Oral Dimension) and the
transcription of thoughts and ideas (Written Dimension). While the Verbal di-
mension talks of he use of language and the choice of words to convey a writ-
ten message, the Oral Dimension imparts the message following the Principles
of Delivery. The Written Dimension take care of putting down the words while

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Activity 9 learned in childhood through interactions with family members and friends.
Specifically, conversations that children have with their peers help them learn
DIRECTION: Differentiate the Formal/Informal Dimensions and Inten-
tional/Unintentional Dimensions appropriate emotional responses which develop their socio-cognitive under-
standing. For example, females use more affiliative language whereas males
use more assertive language in conversations with both parents and peers
LESSON 6: INFLUENCE OF GENDER ON THE DIMENSION OF
(Tenenbaum, Ford, & Alkhedairy, 2011).
COMMUNICATION
Verbal/Non Verbal Dimension

The idea that men and women are different in their ability to communi- Men think they should be "macho" in language and action. They use
cate has been one of the most popular beliefs about gender differences that ex- assertive words and expect to be understood. Men can talk about feelings,
ists to this day. Whether it is with words, tone of voice, emotional expression, even cry like Christian pop singer Gary Valenciano. Women are expected to be
or body language, the way in which males and females communicate have been non-confrontational in their language, especially men. They are supposed to
explored in a variety of ways to distinguish the characteristics that makes us so talk only about certain topics that are within the world of women.
different (Disch, 2009). It may seem obvious that males and females tend to use
Oral/Written Dimensions
different communication styles. It is commonly generalized that females com-
municate in a more indirect, elaborate, and emotional, sense that can reflect Women

uncertainty, tentativeness, and a lack of authority. While males are perceived Then: women are supposed to be indirect and circuitous. That may
to have a communication style that is direct, succinct, and instrumental. Alt- well have been true in the days of Maria Clara.
hough it may seem that the female communication style might be the weaker
Now: women write beyond what was once thought to be safe topics
form, it can also be said that females are more able to establish a rapport that
for women. Instead of being soft spoken, they now speak with a directness
encourages response because of their ability to empathize and connect. While
exemplified by superstar Nora Aunor when she talked of Flor Contemplacion,
males conversational style usually centers around their own independence,
the Filipino nanny executed in Singapore, whom she played in a movie.
female communication style reflect their need for connectedness (von Hippel,
The assertiveness in the language of Filipino women is matched only by the
Wiryakusuma, Bowden, & Shochet, 2011).
assertive delivery of women like Monique Wilson.
One major difference between male and female communication style is
Men
in the amount of emotion that is used in their conversations. Gendered cultural
norms such as emotional expression and communication styles are both He prioritizes productivity and efficiency in his daily life, and conver-

8
sation is no exception. When he tells a story he has already sorted through the 2.Oral/Written Dimensions

muck in his own head, and shares only those details that he deems essential to 3.Formal/Informal Dimensions
the point of the story. He might wonder, “Why do women need to talk as much
4.Intentional/Unintentional Dimensions
as they do?” Often he will interrupt a woman once he has heard enough to

offer a solution.

Formal/Informal Dimensions

1.) During a job interview

2.) Nicknames

3.) Problems.

4.) Boss

5.) Address

Intentional/Unintentional Dimensions
Smile
Filipinos love to smile, and do smile a lot. However, the smiles express
different emotions, not just happiness but also nervousness. And sometimes it
can lead to misconstrue.
Watch the video for more info. https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=IrI6U536KRg

Activity 10

DIRECTION: Using the Class List Communication activities, identify the

dimensions of communication that apply to each activity.

1.Verbal/Non Verbal Dimension

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 cate meaning without words. Common gestures include waving, pointing, and
ORAL COMUNICATION using fingers to indicate numeric amounts. Other gestures are arbitrary and

7TH TO 8TH WEEK related to culture.

In courtroom settings, lawyers have been known to utilize different

LESSON 7: NONVERBAL MISCOMMUNICATION nonverbal signals to attempt to sway juror opinions. An attorney might glance
at his watch to suggest that the opposing lawyer's argument is tedious or
might even roll his eyes at the testimony offered by a witness in an attempt to
Much comedy is based on having characters misunderstand other char-
undermine his or her credibility.
acters' words or language, but this can only go so far: after all, words have gen-
erally accepted meanings, which limits the possibilities for misunderstanding. These nonverbal signals are seen as being so powerful and influential that
some judges even place limits on what type of nonverbal behaviors are al-
With nonverbal communication, the sky's the limit. A wink, a hand ges-
lowed in the courtroom.
ture, a significant look — could mean anything. It's possible to have characters
conduct entire conversations in which each completely misinterprets what the Paralinguistics
other is saying.
Paralinguistics refers to vocal communication that is separate from
A common hazard of Miming the Cues. Contrast Talking Through Tech- actual language. This includes factors such as tone of voice, loudness, inflec-
nique and Hand Signals, where gestures can get a very precise message across. tion, and pitch.

Facial Expressions Consider the powerful effect that tone of voice can have on the mean-
ing of a sentence. When said in a strong tone of voice, listeners might inter-
Facial expressions are responsible for a huge proportion of nonverbal
pret approval and enthusiasm. The same words said in a hesitant tone of voice
communication. Consider how much information can be conveyed with a smile
might convey disapproval and a lack of interest.
or a frown. The look on a person's face is often the first thing we see, even be-
fore we hear what they have to say. While nonverbal communication and be- Consider all the different ways that simply changing your tone of voice
havior can vary dramatically between cultures, the facial expressions for hap- might change the meaning of a sentence. A friend might ask you how you are
piness, sadness, anger, and fear are similar throughout the world. doing, and you might respond with the standard "I'm fine," but how you actu-
ally say those words might reveal a tremendous amount of how you are really
Gestures
feeling.
Deliberate movements and signals are an important way to communi-

10
 A cold tone of voice might suggest that you are actually not fine, but you Eye Gaze

don't wish to discuss it. A bright, happy tone of voice will reveal that you are The eyes play an important role in nonverbal communication and
actually doing quite well. A somber, downcast tone would indicate that you are such things as looking, staring and blinking are important nonverbal behav-
the opposite of fine and that perhaps your friend should inquire further. iors. When people encounter people or things that they like, the rate of blink-

Body Language and Posture ing increases and pupils dilate. Looking at another person can indicate a range
of emotions including hostility, interest, and attraction.
Posture and movement can also convey a great deal of information. Re-
search on body language has grown significantly since the 1970s, but popular People also utilize eye gaze as a means to determine if someone is be-

media have focused on the over-interpretation of defensive postures, arm- ing honest.6 Normal, steady eye contact is often taken as a sign that a person

crossing, and leg-crossing, especially after publishing Julius Fast's book Body is telling the truth and is trustworthy. Shifty eyes and an inability to maintain

Language. eye contact, on the other hand, is frequently seen as an indicator that some-
one is lying or being deceptive.
While these nonverbal behaviors can indicate feelings and attitudes,
research suggests that body language is far more subtle and less definitive than Haptics

previously believed. Communicating through touch is another important nonverbal behav-

Proxemics ior. There has been a substantial amount of research on the importance of
touch in infancy and early childhood.
People often refer to their need for "personal space," which is also an
important type of nonverbal communication. The amount of distance we need Harry Harlow's classic monkey study demonstrated how deprived

and the amount of space we perceive as belonging to us is influenced by a num- touch and contact impedes development. Baby monkeys raised by wire moth-
ber of factors including social norms, cultural expectations, situational factors, ers experienced permanent deficits in behavior and social interaction. Touch

personality characteristics, and level of familiarity. can be used to communicate affection, familiarity, sympathy, and other emo-
tions.
The amount of personal space needed when having a casual conversa-
tion with another person usually varies between 18 inches to four feet. On the In her book Interpersonal Communication: Everyday Encounters, au-

other hand, the personal distance needed when speaking to a crowd of people thor Julia Wood writes that touch is also often used as a way to communicate
is around 10 to 12 feet. both status and power.

Researchers have found that high-status individuals tend to invade

11
other people's personal space with greater frequency and intensity than lower- Artifacts

status individuals. Sex differences also play a role in how people utilize touch Objects and images are also tools that can be used to communicate
to communicate meaning. nonverbally. On an online forum, for example, you might select an avatar to

Women tend to use touch to convey care, concern, and nurturance. represent your identity online and to communicate information about who

Men, on the other hand, are more likely to use touch to assert power or control you are and the things you like.

over others. People often spend a great deal of time developing a particular image

Appearance and surrounding themselves with objects designed to convey information

about the things that are important to them.
Our choice of color, clothing, hairstyles, and other factors affecting ap-
pearance are also considered a means of nonverbal communication.8 Research Uniforms, for example, can be used to transmit a tremendous amount

on color psychology has demonstrated that different colors can evoke different of information about a person. A soldier will don fatigues, a police officer will

moods. Appearance can also alter physiological reactions, judgments, and in- wear a uniform, and a doctor will wear a white lab coat. At a mere glance,

terpretations. these outfits tell people what a person does for a living.

Just think of all the subtle judgments you quickly make about someone Watch the video for more info. https://www.youtube.com/watch?

based on his or her appearance. These first impressions are important, which is v=SKhsavlvuao

why experts suggest that job seekers dress appropriately for interviews with Activity 11
potential employers. DIRECTION: Watch a telenovela from another country with the sound
turned off (so that the dubbing in the Filipino will not be heard). Note the
Researchers have found that appearance can play a role in how people
types of Nonverbal Communication used by the actors in the scenes and write
are perceived and even how much they earn. One 1996 study found that attor- those what could possibly mean. See if the story could be understood just by
neys who were rated as more attractive than their peers earned nearly 15 per- watching the Nonverbal Communication in the drama.

cent more than those ranked as less attractive.

Culture is an important influence on how appearances are judged. While thin- LESSON 8: VERBAL MISCOMMUNICATION

ness tends to be valued in Western cultures, some African cultures relate full-
figured bodies to better health, wealth, and social status. Miscommunication has been observed to occur along, the dimensions
of communication. Specifically, society has a strong influence on the effective-
ness of Nonverbal Communication. Moreover, in the Verbal Dimension, the

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words are chosen and used for the Message and the context in which they are words, think about the intent of your message before speaking, and when

used also leads to communication being effective or not. However, there are speaking, choose language that is precise, clear, and easily understood.

several possible barriers to Verbal Communication. 3. Faulty Definitions

6 Causes of Miscommunication Homophones are words that sound alike or nearly alike, but have dif-

1. Misaligned Vocabularies ferent definitions. For example, “discreet” means careful and circumspect,
while “discrete” means distinct or separate.
“Plain language” refers to the preference for words that are in every-
one’s vocabulary – what linguists term the “core vocabulary” – consisting of Other examples include:

about 200 to 300 words. These words are mostly verbs, pronouns, and demon- abhorrent – aberrant
stratives, such as “his” and “that,” which help distinguish the subject the speak- alternate – alternative
er or writer is referring to. These words are used frequently and across many disassemble – dissemble
contexts to express meaning and intent, usually without misunderstanding. emigrate – immigrate

As the initiator of communication, the speaker or writer must choose flounder – founder

words that are easily understood by the listener or reader. For example, a 10- horde – hoard

year-old is unlikely to understand the meaning of “plethora,” so “plenty” or “a Your choice of words is important because the wrong word can con-
lot” would be better choices. A communicator should always consider his or fuse the listener or reader. When in doubt, consult a dictionary – or simply
her audience when communicating. don’t use the word.

2. Messy Thinking 4. False Civility

Messy thinking results in messy speaking, which usually occurs when While civility is a desirable trait in all societies, it’s often misunder-
someone begins speaking before completing his or her thought process. As a stood and misinterpreted. Civility is a matter of context – what might be con-
consequence, listeners are taken on long, convoluted journeys filled with con- sidered rude or thoughtless in one situation could be proper in another. A
tradictions, extraneous information, and premature conclusions. parent warning a child to get out of the street shouldn’t value the child’s feel-
Messy thinking usually happens during periods of stress or high emo- ings over his or her safety; a supervisor disciplining a subordinate for poor

tion. Remember Plato’s observation: Wise men speak because they have some- results shouldn’t dilute or confuse the message in the hopes of being per-

thing to say, while fools speak because they have to say something. In other ceived as “nice.” Civility means being conscious and considerate of how ac-

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tions and words affect others, but it does not mean beating around the bush or in the South, but less so above the Mason-Dixon line. Jargon and colloquial-

faking emotions. isms can add color to speech and writing, even enhancing understanding
where their meanings are understood, but the possibility of misunderstanding
5. Sloppy Language Habits
remains high.
Unconscious patterns of thinking, speaking, and interacting are devel-
Assumptions, Stereotypes, and Allusions. It’s well known that the
oped over time. These habits affect your daily activities and your relationship
use of assumptions – taking something for granted or without proof – can
with your environment. They surface in speaking and writing, and they often
make you look bad. Stereotypes (inaccurate simplistic generalizations) and
lead to miscommunication.
allusions (indirect, often incorrect references) can have the same result: mud-
Be careful when you use the following: dying your intended message and confusing listeners or readers. There is lit-
Acronyms. Acronyms are abbreviated versions of phrases or or- tle to gain from their use and much to lose, so avoid them whenever possible.
ganization names that are formed by combining alphabetical characters to cre- Buzzwords. Words that sound impressive but convey no special
ate a new word, such as OSHA – shorthand for the Occupational Safety and meaning are in a special class by themselves. They have no place in intelligent
Health Administration of the Federal Government. Acronyms save time and speech or writing. Use of buzzwords is so flagrant that drinking games are
may improve recall of the underlying meaning. Unfortunately, acronyms are so built on their use in political speeches. However, politicians are not the only
ubiquitous in speech and print that their meanings are often misinterpreted. guilty parties – some corporate cultures are infamous for their use. Scott Ad-
For example, the meaning of the acronym “ACA” could be correctly interpreted ams, the creator of The Dilbert Principle, even suggests that employees learn
as “Affordable Care Act,” “American Correctional Association,” “American Camp to use big, vague words as they progress up through management, preferring
Association,” or “American Chiropractic Association.” If you use an acronym, be a sentence such as “I utilized my multi-tined tool to process a starch resource”
sure to provide its meaning so your audience is not confused. to “I used my fork to eat a potato.”
Jargon and Colloquialisms. Many social, business, or professional 6. Government-Speak and Legalese
groups develop special vocabularies to describe concepts and activities specific
Legal and regulatory documents are especially open to confusion due
to their group (“jargon”). Examples include “baluster” in architecture,
to both their use of technical terms and a culture that often rewards quantity
“arabesque” in ballet, and “all in” in poker. Colloquialisms are phrases and
of words over quality and intent. According to Slate writer Matthew Yglesias,
words from specific geographic regions typically used in conversation, but not
“Hard-to-understand rules are a lawyer’s best friend, and the need for compa-
formal writing. The meaning of “pot liquor,” a term used to describe the juices
nies to lawyer up is a huge [competitive] advantage to large or established
left in a pot after cooking peas or collard greens, would be readily understood

14
entities.”

Watch the video for more info. https://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=gCfzeONu3Mo

Activity 12
DIRECTION: Observe the people around you – friends, family and strangers
– and note how they react verbally and nonverbally depending on whether the
other person is male or female. List these encounter and decide if the response
to the interaction was correct or not. Examples of such activities are pushing
into the MRT tram; commenting on the way someone is dressed; making fun on
the way someone speaks etc.

15
 A. feedback C. Noise
Republic of the Philippines B. context D. Media richness
Department of Education
C. barrier 16. A certain look or gaze is an example of:
CARAGA Administrative Region
Division of Agusan del Sur D. channel A. Verbal communication
INFORMATIC COMPUTER INSTITUTE OF AGUSAN DEL SUR, INC. 11. All of the following define communica- B. Oral communication
San Francisco, Agusan del Sur tion, EXCEPT? C. Written communication
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A. Communication involves a trans- D. Nonverbal communication
FIRST QUARTER EXAMINATION action. 17. It is the process by which the receiver
in ORAL COMMUNICATION B. Communication is sharing of interprets the symbols used by the source of
ideas among a group of peo- the message by converting them into con-
Name: __________________________________ Date: ____________ ple. cepts and ideas.
C. Communication is a confusion of A. Decoding
Grade/Section: ___________________ Score: ___________
ideas in the mind of another. B. Listing
I. Direction: MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose B. channel D. Communication is a transfer of C. Encoding
the letter of the correct answer. C. context messages from one person to D. Feedback
D. feedback another. 18. It shows how time is viewed differently in
1. It is a process of sharing and conveying 12. Complete the analogy: Listener: receiver various countries.
6. The recipient of the message, or someone
messages from one person to another. of the message:: ____:is a means by which A. Chronemics
who decodes the message.
A. Verbal the message is sent B. Haptics
A. sender
B. Intercultural A. Speaker C. Proxemics
B. barrier
C. Communication B. Channel D. Gestures
C. context
D. Culture C. Response 19. The use of space provides us with ideas
D. receiver
2. The information, ideas, or thoughts con- D. Feedback about how close or how far people are from
7. The factors that affect the flow of communi-
veyed by the speaker in words or in actions is 13. Revolves around the speaker as the the center of poweror where a person is in
cation is what element?
what element of communication? main concept of this theory is that, speaker the social ladder.
A. barrier
A. message plays the most important role in communica- A. Chronemics
B. context
B. speaker tion and it is the only one who holds the re- B. Haptics
C. feedback
C. channel sponsibility to influence his/her audience C. Proxemics
D. channel
D. barrier through public speaking. D. Gestures
8. The environment where communication
3. The process of interpreting the message of A. Shannon-Weaver’s model 20. Results to messy speaking, which usual-
takes place refers to what element?
the speaker or sender is what element of B. Schramm’s ly occurs when someone begins speaking
A. feedback
communication? C. Aristotle’s before completing his or her thought pro-
B. channel
A. Feedback D. White’s cess.
C. context
B. Context 14. The content of the communication is A. Faulty Definitions
D. barrier
C. Encoding called a: B. Messy Thinking
9. The process of converting the message
D. Decoding A. Message C. False Civility
into words, actions or other forms that the
4. The source of information or message is B. Noise D. Sloppy Language Habits
speaker understands refers to what element
what element of communication? C. Media richness
of communication?
A. speaker or sender D. Jargon II. Direction: MATCHING TYPE. Match
A. feedback
B. receiver Column A to Column B that correspond
B. decoding
C. barrier 15. To convert a message into groups of to the correct answer.
C. encoding
D. context words, symbols, gestures, or sounds that
D. barrier III. Direction: DRAW. Draw the models of
5. The medium or the means in which the present ideas or concept is called ________.
10. An element of communication that refers process of communication. (10 points)
encoded message is conveyed is what A. Encoding
to the reactions, responses, or information
element of communication? B. Feedback 1. Aristotle’s Model of Communication
provided by the receiver
A. barrier 16
 2. Osgood-Schramm Model of Communication

Column A Column B
IV. Direction: List down 10 types of non-verbal communication commonly used by Filipi-
1. Responsible for a huge proportion A. Body Language and Posture nos. List down their meaning in the second column.
of nonverbal communication.
2. Include waving, pointing, and us- Nonverbal Communication Meaning
ing fingers to indicate numeric B. Paralinguistics
amounts. 1.
3. Refers to vocal communication
that is separate from actual lan- C. Nonverbal Communication 2.
guage.
4. Movement that can also convey a 3.
D. Facial Expressions
great deal of information.
5. People often refer to their need 4.
for "personal space," which is E. Artifacts
also an important type of non- 5.
verbal communication.
6. Plays an important role in nonver- F. Appearance 6.
bal communication and such
things as looking, staring and
7.
blinking are important nonverbal G. Eye Gaze
behaviors.
7. Communicating through touch is 8.
another important nonverbal H. Haptics
behavior. 9.
8. Our choice of color, clothing, hair-
I. Proxemics
styles, and other factors affect- 10.
ing appearance are also consid-
ered a means of nonverbal com- J. Gestures
munication.
9. Objects and images are also tools
that can be used to communi-
cate nonverbally.
10. A common hazard of Miming the
Cues. Contrast Talking Through
Technique and Hand Signals,
where gestures can get a very
precise message across.

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