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Web Application Development Notes With Answers

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S.V ki batei
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33 views

Web Application Development Notes With Answers

Uploaded by

S.V ki batei
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Web Application and Development - Important Topics with Answers

1. HTML & HTML5

- Structure of an HTML document:

The basic structure includes <!DOCTYPE>, <html>, <head>, and <body> tags.

Example:

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<head>

<title>Title of the page</title>

</head>

<body>

<p>This is a paragraph.</p>

</body>

</html>

- Important Tags:

<p>: Defines a paragraph.

<h1> to <h6>: Defines headings, with <h1> being the largest and <h6> the smallest.

<a>: Defines a hyperlink.

<form>: Used to create an HTML form for user input.

<iframe>: Embeds another document within the current HTML page.

<map>, <ol>, <select>, <legend>: Used for maps, ordered lists, selection lists, and fieldset legends

respectively.

- Meta Tags:
Used to provide metadata about the HTML document, such as keywords for search engines.

Example:

<meta charset="UTF-8">

<meta name="description" content="Free Web tutorials">

- Input Elements in HTML:

Includes <input> (for text fields, checkboxes), <button>, <textarea>.

2. CSS (Cascading Style Sheets)

- Types of CSS:

1. Inline CSS: Written directly inside an HTML element using the style attribute.

Example: <p style="color:red;">This is a red paragraph.</p>

2. Embedded CSS: Defined in the <style> tag within the <head> section.

Example: <style> p {color:blue;} </style>

3. External CSS: Written in an external file and linked to the HTML document.

Example: <link rel="stylesheet" href="styles.css">

- CSS Box Model:

Describes the rectangular boxes that are generated for elements in the document tree.

Consists of: Content, Padding, Border, Margin.

Example:

div {

width: 300px;

padding: 10px;

border: 5px solid gray;

margin: 20px;
}

- Selectors in CSS:

1. Universal Selector (*): Selects all elements.

2. Class Selector (.classname): Selects elements with a specific class.

3. ID Selector (#id): Selects an element with a specific ID.

- Grid System in Bootstrap:

A 12-column grid layout that helps create responsive web designs.

Example:

<div class="container">

<div class="row">

<div class="col-sm-4">Column 1</div>

<div class="col-sm-4">Column 2</div>

<div class="col-sm-4">Column 3</div>

</div>

</div>

3. JavaScript

- JavaScript Functions:

1. alert(): Displays an alert box with a message.

Example: alert("This is an alert!");

2. prompt(): Displays a dialog box that prompts the user for input.

Example: var name = prompt("Enter your name:");

3. confirm(): Displays a dialog box with OK and Cancel buttons.

Example: confirm("Do you want to proceed?");


- Scope and Variable Assignment in JavaScript:

JavaScript has two types of scope: global and local. A variable declared outside a function has

global scope, while one declared inside a function has local scope.

- DOM (Document Object Model) Manipulation:

The DOM allows JavaScript to manipulate HTML elements.

Example:

document.getElementById("myElement").innerHTML = "New content";

4. PHP

- Differences between GET and POST methods:

GET: Sends form data in the URL; limited by URL length; less secure.

POST: Sends form data in the request body; no size limit; more secure.

Example: <form method="POST"> for POST submission.

- PHP Sessions and Cookies:

Sessions: Store data across multiple pages.

Example: session_start(); $_SESSION['username'] = 'JohnDoe';

Cookies: Store data on the user's browser.

Example: setcookie("username", "JohnDoe", time() + 3600);

- Database Connectivity using MySQL:

- mysql_connect(): Connects to a MySQL server.

- mysql_select_db(): Selects the database to be used.

- mysql_close(): Closes the connection.


Example:

$conn = mysql_connect("localhost", "username", "password");

mysql_select_db("database_name", $conn);

mysql_close($conn);

5. jQuery

- jQuery Selectors:

1. Universal Selector (*): Selects all elements.

2. Class Selector (.classname): Selects elements with a specific class.

3. ID Selector (#id): Selects an element with a specific ID.

4. Attribute Selector: Selects elements with a specific attribute.

5. Child Selector: Selects direct children of an element.

- jQuery Effects:

- show(): Displays hidden elements.

- hide(): Hides visible elements.

- fadeIn(): Fades in elements.

- fadeOut(): Fades out elements.

- slideUp(): Slides the element up.

- slideDown(): Slides the element down.

6. Web Design

- Web Design Issues:

Common issues include user interface design, cross-browser compatibility, performance, and

security.
- Effective Navigation:

Features such as breadcrumbs, menus, and internal links help users navigate easily.

- Responsive Design:

Uses CSS frameworks like Bootstrap to ensure websites work on devices of all sizes.

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