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LESSON PLAN ON
Introduction of psychology
 IDENTIFICATION PERFORMA
Subject – Psychology
Unit – 1
Topic – Introduction of psychology
Group of Students – B.Sc Nursing1st Year 1st Semester
Number of Students –50
Method of Teaching-Lecture cum discussion
Date Of Teaching –
Duration- 60 minutes
Teaching Aids – White board
Previous knowledge of the students –Students havesome knowledge regarding Psychology.
Central Objective – At the end of the class students will be able to acquire knowledge regarding psychology and its branches.
Specific Objective- At the end of the teaching student will be able to ……..
 Define psychology
 Explain branches of psychology
 Discuss history of psychology

S.N SpecificOb Content Teaching and learning Evaluation

 jective Time activities

Teaching A V A ids
Activities
1 1min INTRODUCTION Lecture cum White Board
Psychology is the scientific study of mind and behaviour. The word discussion
“psychology” comes from the Greek words “psyche,” meaning life, and
“logos,” meaning explanation. Psychology is a popular major for students,
a popular topic in the public media, and a part of our everyday lives.
2 Define 1min DEFINITION – Lecture cum White Board What is
psychology Psychology is the study of the mind and behavior, according to the discussion psychology?
American Psychological Association. It is the study of the mind, how it
works, and how it affects behavior.
3 Explain 2 Branches of psychology Lecture cum White Board How many
branches of min There are different types of psychology that serve different purposes. There discussion branches of
psychology is no fixed way of classifying them, but here are some common types.
Clinical psychology
Clinical psychology integrates science, theory, and practice in order to
understand, predict and relieve problems with adjustment, disability, and
discomfort. It promotes adaption, adjustment, and personal development.
A clinical psychologist concentrates on the intellectual, emotional,
biological, psychological, social, and behavioral aspects of human
performance throughout a person’s life, across varying cultures and
socioeconomic levels.

Clinical psychology can help us to understand, prevent, and alleviate

psychologically-caused distress or dysfunction, and promote an individual’s
well-being and personal development.

Psychological assessment and psychotherapy are central to the practice of

clinical psychology, but clinical psychologists are often also involved in
research, training, forensic testimony, and other areas.
Cognitive psychology
Cognitive psychology investigates internal mental processes, such as
problem solving, memory, learning, and language. It looks at how people
think, perceive, communicate, remember, and learn. It is closely related
to neuroscience, philosophy, and linguistics.
Cognitive psychologists look at how people acquire, process, and store
information.
Practical applications include how to improve memory, increase the
accuracy of decision-making, or how to set up educational programs to
boost learning.
Developmental psychology
This is the scientific study of systematic psychological changes that a
person experiences over the life span, often referred to as human
development.
It focuses not only on infants and young children but also teenagers, adults,
and older people.
Factors include motor skills, problem solving, moral understanding,
acquiring language, emotions, personality, self-concept, and identity
formation.
It also looks at innate mental structures against learning through
experience, or how a person’s characteristics interact with environmental
factors and how this impacts development.
Developmental psychology overlaps with fields such as linguistics.
Evolutionary psychology
Evolutionary psychology looks at how human behavior, for example
language, has been affected by psychological adjustments during evolution.

An evolutionary psychologist believes that many human psychological

traits are adaptive in that they have enabled us to survive over thousands of
years.

Forensic psychology
Forensic psychology involves applying psychology to criminal
investigation and the law.
A forensic psychologist practices psychology as a science within the
criminal justice system and civil courts.
It involves assessing the psychological factors that might influence a case
or behavior and presenting the findings in court.
Health psychology
Health psychology is also called behavioral medicine or medical
psychology.
It observes how behavior, biology, and social context influence illness and
health.
A physician often looks first at the biological causes of a disease, but a
health psychologist will focus on the whole person and what influences
their health status. This may include their socioeconomic status, education,
and background, and behaviors that may have an impact on the disease,
such as compliance with instructions and medication.
Health psychologists usually work alongside other medical professionals in
clinical settings.
Neuropsychology
Neuropsychology looks at the structure and function of the brain in relation
to behaviors and psychological processes. A neuropsychology may be
involved if a condition involves lesions in the brain, and assessments that
involve recording electrical activity in the brain.
A neuropsychological evaluation is used to determine whether a person is
likely to experience behavioral problems following suspected or diagnosed
brain injury, such as a stroke.
The results can enable a doctor to provide treatment that may help the
individual achieve possible improvements in cognitive damage that has
occurred.
Occupational psychology
Occupational or organizational psychologists are involved in assessing and
making recommendations about the performance of people at work and in
training.
They help companies to find more effective ways to function, and to
understand how people and groups behave at work.
This information can help improve effectiveness, efficiency, job
 satisfaction, and employee retention.
Social psychology
Social psychology uses scientific methods to understand how social
influences impact human behavior. It seeks to explain how feelings,
behavior, and thoughts are influenced by the actual, imagined or implied
presence of other people.
A social psychologist looks at group behavior, social perception, non-
verbal behavior, conformity, aggression, prejudice, and leadership. Social
perception and social interaction are seen as key to understanding social
behavior.
Other branches include military, consumer, educational, cross-cultural, and
environmental psychology. The number of branches continues to grow.

4 Discuss History - Lecture cum White Board What is the

history of 10 In a philosophical context, psychology was around thousands of years ago discussion history of
psychology min. in ancient Greece, Egypt, India, Persia, and China. psychology?
In 387 BCE, Plato suggested that the brain is where mental processes take
place, and in 335 BCE Aristotle suggested that it was the heart.
Avicenna, the famous Muslim doctor, born in 980 AD, studied and
treated epilepsy, nightmares, and poor memory. The first hospitals treating
psychiatric conditions were said to have been set up by Islamic doctors in
medieval times.
In 1774, Franz Mesmer proposed that hypnosis, or “mesmerism,” might
help cure some types of mental illness.
In 1793, Philippe Pinel released the first patients with mental health
problems from confinement in a move that signalled a move toward more
humane treatment.
In 1879, Wilhelm Wundt, Germany, founded psychology as an independent
experimental field of study. He set up the first laboratory that carried out
psychological research exclusively at Leipzig University. Wundt is known
today as the father of psychology.
In 1890, an American philosopher, William James, published a book
entitled Principles of Psychology. It was discussed by psychologists
worldwide for many decades. In the same year, New York State passed the
State Care Act, in which people with mental health problems were to leave
poor houses and enter the hospital for treatment.
In 1890, the American Psychological Association (APA) was founded,
under the leadership of G. Stanley Hall.
Hermann Abbingaus, who lived from 1850 1909, and worked at the
University of Berlin, was the first psychologist to study memory
extensively.
Ivan Pavlov, who lived from 1849 to 1936, carried out the famous
experiment which showed that dogs salivated when they expected food,
introducing the concept of “conditioning.”
The Austrian Sigmund Freud, who lived from 1856 to 1939, introduced the
field of psychoanalysis, a type of psychotherapy. He used interpretive
methods, introspection, and clinical observations to gain understanding of
the mind.
He focused on resolving unconscious conflict, mental distress, and
psychopathology. Freud argued that the unconscious was responsible for
most of people’s thoughts and behavior, and for mental health problems.
E. B Titchener, an American, strongly believed in structuralism, which
focuses on the question: “What is consciousness?”
William James and John Dewey were strong believers in functionalism,
which addressed the “What is consciousness for?”
The debate between the functionalists and structuralists led to a rapid
growth in interest in psychology in the United States and elsewhere, and the
establishment of the first psychology laboratory in the U.S., at Johns
In 1913 an American psychologist, Hopkins University.
Behaviorism
John B. Watson, founded a new movement that changed the focus of
psychology.

Behavior, he argued, is not the result of internal mental processes, but the
result of how we respond to the environment.

Behaviorism focused on how people learn new behavior from the

 environment.
Humanism
Humanists viewed behaviorism and psychoanalytic theory as too
dehumanizing.
Rather than being victims of the environment or the unconscious, they
proposed that humans are innately good and that our own mental processes
played an active role in our behavior.
The humanist movement puts high value on the emotions, free will, and a
subjective view of experience.
Cognitive theory
Introduced in the 1970s, this is seen as the most recent school of thought in
psychology.
Cognitive theorists believe that we take in information from our
environment through our senses and then process the data mentally by
organizing it, manipulating it, remembering it, and relating it to information
we have already stored.
Cognitive theory is applied to language, memory, learning, perceptual
systems, mental disorders, and dreams.

1 BIBLIOGRAPHY -
min Basvanthappa BT; “Nursing Education”; Published by Jaypee Publishers;
edition 1st; Page preferred 1-10

Neeraja KP; “Textbook of Nusring Communication & Education Technology

for Nurses”; Published by Jaypee Publisher; edition 1st; Page preferred 1-13