Taxonomy Update

March 2024
IFRS Taxonomy Update

®
IFRS ® Accounting Taxonomy 2023—Update 2
Common Practice for Financial Instruments,

General Improvements and Technology Update
IFRS® Foundation
IFRS® Accounting Taxonomy 2023
Update 2
Common Practice for Financial Instruments, General

Improvements and Technology Update
IFRS® Accounting Taxonomy 2023—Update 2 Common Practice for Financial Instruments, General Improvements and Technology Update is issued by the
IFRS Foundation (Foundation).
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IFRS ACCOUNTING TAXONOMY 2023—UPDATE 2 COMMON PRACTICE FOR FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS, GENERAL IMPROVEMENTS AND
TECHNOLOGY UPDATE
CONTENTS
from page
INTRODUCTION 4
Why has the IFRS® Foundation changed the IFRS Accounting Taxonomy? 4
What is common practice? 4
What are general improvements? 4
What are technology changes? 4
IFRS Accounting Taxonomy due process 5
Reading this Update 5
Documentation and guidance labels 5
XBRL properties 5
Editorial corrections to the IFRS Accounting Taxonomy 6
IFRS Accounting Taxonomy files 6
COMMON PRACTICE—FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS 7
Scope of the financial instruments common practice review 7
Statement of financial position 7
Statement of cash flows 14
GENERAL IMPROVEMENTS 19
Introducing categorical elements 19
Reconciliation of property, plant and equipment including right-of-use assets 24
Tagging of fair value of investment property measured at cost 28
Removal of restrictive text from member documentation labels 29
Continuing and discontinued operations axis 29
TECHNOLOGY AND ARCHITECTURAL CHANGES 31
Calculation 1.1 31
Labelling of axis default members 31
APPENDIX A—IFRS® ACCOUNTING TAXONOMY CONTENT TERMINOLOGY 35
APPENDIX B—DOCUMENTATION LABELS FOR NEW ELEMENTS 37
APPENDIX C—LIST OF NEW CATEGORICAL ELEMENTS (PARAGRAPH 83) 49
APPENDIX D—ILLUSTRATED TAGGED EXAMPLES FOR CATEGORICAL ELEMENTS (PARAGRAPH 84) 68
© IFRS Foundation 3
TECHNOLOGY UPDATE
Introduction
Why has the IFRS® Foundation changed the IFRS Accounting Taxonomy?
IN1 This IFRS Taxonomy Update includes changes to:
(a) the IFRS Accounting Taxonomy 2023 to reflect common reporting practice and general improvements
relating to information that entities commonly present or disclose in the financial statements; and
(b) the IFRS Accounting Taxonomy’s ‘technology’.
IN2 The Foundation has made changes to the IFRS Accounting Taxonomy:
(a) to respond to feedback on the IFRS Accounting Taxonomy from users and preparers of digital financial
reports; and
(b) to reflect the results of an empirical review of taxonomy elements (extensions) that entities created and
used in their filings.
What is common practice?

IN3 The common practice content of the IFRS Accounting Taxonomy reflects information that IFRS Accounting
Standards do not explicitly require an entity to present or disclose, but that entities nonetheless commonly
present or disclose in practice. The inclusion of common practice elements does not imply that IFRS Accounting
Standards require the information these elements depict; nor do these elements provide guidance on how to
implement IFRS Accounting Standards.
IN4 Including common practice content in the IFRS Accounting Taxonomy reduces the need for entities to create
extensions. The content enables entities to tag their data more consistently with the tagging of other entities,
which makes it easier for users of digital financial reports to use and compare entities’ data.
IN5 This IFRS Taxonomy Update focuses on common reporting practice relating to financial instruments specifically
in the banking industry. The banking industry is focused on activities involving financial instruments. Therefore,
analysing common reporting practice in the banking industry is expected to contribute significantly to improving
elements for financial instruments in the IFRS Accounting Taxonomy.
IN6 The Foundation carried out a research project to review the extensions created by a sample of entities that apply
IFRS Accounting Standards and file their financial statements under US Securities and Exchange Commission,
European Securities and Markets Authority or UK Financial Conduct Authority requirements. When necessary,
the Foundation supplemented the sample with financial statements of entities in other jurisdictions. This data
provides a reasonable basis for identifying common reporting practice because it comes from entities in a variety
of jurisdictions.
IN7 For further details about IFRS Accounting Taxonomy common practice content and the criteria the Foundation
applies, please refer to Using the IFRS Taxonomy—Guide to Common Practice Content.1
What are general improvements?

IN8 General improvements are changes to the IFRS Accounting Taxonomy content other than those resulting from
new (or amended) IFRS Accounting Standards or common practice. For example, general improvements might
include:
(a) label changes to clarify the accounting meaning of an element. Such changes might help an entity find
the right element and avoid making tagging errors or creating unnecessary extensions.
(b) an enhanced data model to support more consistent tagging or to better reflect the presentation and
disclosure requirements of IFRS Accounting Standards in the IFRS Accounting Taxonomy.
What are technology changes?

IN9 The IFRS Accounting Taxonomy ‘technology’ refers to taxonomy features, such as the syntax employed to publish
and express the ‘content’ of the IFRS Accounting Taxonomy, and to the taxonomy’s architecture. The ‘content’ of
the taxonomy refers to the specific elements and structures representing disclosures that preparers make in their
financial statements when applying IFRS Accounting Standards. The architecture relates to taxonomy
1 Using the IFRS Taxonomy—Guide to Common Practice Content is available at https://www.ifrs.org/content/dam/ifrs/standards/taxonomy/2021/

common-practice-guide-2021.pdf.
TECHNOLOGY UPDATE
characteristics such as how the IFRS Accounting Taxonomy content is organised into files and naming protocols.
The IFRS Accounting Taxonomy technology does not include the internal systems the Foundation uses to manage
and generate the IFRS Accounting Taxonomy files.
IN10 The changes set out in this document reflect developments in the wider industry technology that underlies or
relates to the IFRS Accounting Taxonomy. These changes are also necessary or beneficial to reflect developments
in standards and practices, and in the use of the IFRS Accounting Taxonomy or comparable taxonomies in various
regulatory environments.
IN11 The changes inform developers and maintainers of XBRL® software (such as XBRL processors, report creators or
review and consumption tools) about technology changes that might affect such software.
IFRS Accounting Taxonomy due process

IN12 In accordance with the IFRS Accounting Taxonomy due process:
(a) common practice and general improvements—the IFRS Taxonomy Review Panel has reviewed, but is not
required to approve, the changes in this document for common practice and general improvements;2 and
(b) technology changes—the IFRS Taxonomy Consultative Group (ITCG) has assessed, but is not required to
approve, the changes detailed in this document that affect the IFRS Accounting Taxonomy technology.3
IN13 The changes to the IFRS Accounting Taxonomy technology might affect how preparers of digital financial reports
can implement the Taxonomy.
Reading this Update

IN14 This document uses taxonomy-specific terminology. For more information, please refer to the Guide to
Understanding the IFRS Taxonomy Update and Using the IFRS Taxonomy—A preparer’s guide.4 Appendix A briefly explains
the IFRS Accounting Taxonomy terms used in this document.
IN15 In this IFRS Taxonomy Update, changes to the IFRS Accounting Taxonomy elements are shown in tables. New
elements are shaded in green. Amended element labels or references are underlined to show added text and
struck through to show deleted text. Elements provided for context only (with no changes) use grey text. Indents
are used to show a taxonomy presentation parent–child relationship between IFRS Accounting Taxonomy
elements.
IN16 In the body of this document, the element label shown is the standard label, unless otherwise indicated.5
Documentation and guidance labels

IN17 The IFRS Accounting Taxonomy includes documentation and guidance labels for elements in the IFRS Accounting
Taxonomy. Documentation labels describe in text the accounting meaning of each element. Guidance labels
advise an entity on correctly using an element.
IN18 Documentation labels for new elements are included in Appendix B to this document. Changes to documentation
labels and new guidance labels are discussed throughout the document. The documentation and guidance labels
are also available as an additional linkbase in the IFRS Accounting Taxonomy files and as a separate spreadsheet.
XBRL properties
IN19 This document does not provide the full list of XBRL properties for the IFRS Accounting Taxonomy elements
listed. For further information on the XBRL properties applied to an element, please see the IFRS Accounting
Taxonomy files and associated documentation.
2 The IFRS Taxonomy Review Panel consists of at least three, but not more than five, members of the International Accounting Standards
Board. At least one senior member of the technical staff is also a member of this panel. For more details, please refer to the Due Process
Handbook, available at: https://www.ifrs.org/content/dam/ifrs/publications/pdf-standards/english/2023/issued/part-c/due-process-
handbook.pdf.
3 The IFRS Taxonomy Consultative Group (ITCG) operates under the general principles set out for consultative groups and has terms of
reference that set out its objectives and its workings. The technical staff consults the ITCG during the development of IFRS Accounting
Taxonomy changes. For more details, please refer to the Due Process Handbook.
4 The Guide to Understanding the IFRS Taxonomy Update is available at https://www.ifrs.org/content/dam/ifrs/standards/taxonomy/general-
resources/understanding-ifrs-taxonomy-update.pdf. Using the IFRS Taxonomy—A preparer’s guide is available at https://www.ifrs.org/
content/dam/ifrs/resources-for/preparers/xbrl-using-the-ifrs-taxonomy-a-preparers-guide-january-2019.pdf.
5 For more information on element labels, see Appendix A and the ‘Element labels’ section in Using the IFRS Taxonomy—A preparer’s guide.
TECHNOLOGY UPDATE
Editorial corrections to the IFRS Accounting Taxonomy

IN20 We have made editorial corrections to the IFRS Accounting Taxonomy files and supporting materials
accompanying this Update. These editorial corrections include changes to the documentation labels for two table
elements to make them consistent with other table elements.
IFRS Accounting Taxonomy files

IN21 The changes resulting from this Update have been included in the IFRS Accounting Taxonomy 2024.
TECHNOLOGY UPDATE
This document uses several abbreviations. ‘ET’ refers to element type and ‘ER’ to element reference type. Element type ‘M’
refers to monetary, ‘T’ to text, ‘TB’ to text block, ‘B’ to Boolean, ‘EE’ to extensible enumeration (single choice) and ‘Set EE’ to
set-valued extensible enumeration (multiple choice). Reference type ‘D’ refers to disclosure, ‘E’ to example and ‘CP’ to
common practice. A short code appended to labels is used to refer to axes and members: ‘(A)’ refers to an axis and ‘(M)’ refers
to a member.
Common practice—Financial instruments
Scope of the financial instruments common practice review

1 The Foundation is reviewing financial instrument disclosures in two phases:
(a) the first phase focuses on commonly reported financial instrument concepts in some primary financial
statements and is reflected in this Taxonomy Update; and
(b) the second phase will focus on commonly reported financial instrument concepts disclosed in the notes
and will be reflected in a later update.
2 The Foundation has reviewed common practice for the statement of financial position (paragraphs 4–32) and the
statement of cash flows (paragraphs 33–64) because entities created the most financial instrument extensions for
these two statements.
3 The Foundation has not reviewed common practice for the statement of comprehensive income. It would not be
useful to develop elements based on common reporting practice because such practice might change when
IFRS 18 Presentation and Disclosure in Financial Statements is in effect. The Foundation might consider common
reporting practice in the statement of comprehensive income at a future date.
Statement of financial position

4 As set out in IFRS 7 Financial Instruments: Disclosures, the category of a financial instrument refers to how that
instrument is measured and the basis by which the entity has applied that measurement method. Paragraph 6 of
IFRS 7 describes the class of a financial instrument as those groupings that are appropriate to the nature of the
information disclosed and take into account the characteristics of those financial instruments.
5 Paragraph 8 of IFRS 7 requires an entity to disclose the carrying amounts of each category of financial assets and
financial liabilities either in the statement of financial position or in the notes:
Categories of financial assets and financial liabilities
8 The carrying amounts of each of the following categories, as specified in IFRS 9, shall be disclosed either in
the statement of financial position or in the notes:
(a) financial assets measured at fair value through profit or loss, showing separately (i) those designated
as such upon initial recognition or subsequently in accordance with paragraph 6.7.1 of IFRS 9; (ii)
those measured as such in accordance with the election in paragraph 3.3.5 of IFRS 9; (iii) those
measured as such in accordance with the election in paragraph 33A of IAS 32 and (iv) those
mandatorily measured at fair value through profit or loss in accordance with IFRS 9.
...
(e) financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss, showing separately (i) those designated as such
upon initial recognition or subsequently in accordance with paragraph 6.7.1 of IFRS 9 and (ii) those
that meet the definition of held for trading in IFRS 9.
(f) financial assets measured at amortised cost.
(g) financial liabilities measured at amortised cost.
(h) financial assets measured at fair value through other comprehensive income, showing separately (i)
financial assets that are measured at fair value through other comprehensive income in accordance
with paragraph 4.1.2A of IFRS 9; and (ii) investments in equity instruments designated as such upon
initial recognition in accordance with paragraph 5.7.5 of IFRS 9.
TECHNOLOGY UPDATE
6 The IFRS Accounting Taxonomy includes elements to reflect these disclosure requirements in the ‘[800100] Notes
– Subclassifications of assets, liabilities and equities’ Extended Link Role (ELR).6
7 The IFRS Accounting Taxonomy includes common practice elements for:
(a) general classes of financial assets—for example, ‘equity instruments held’ and ‘debt instruments held’;
(b) specific classes of financial assets more commonly associated with banking entities—for example, ‘loans
and advances to banks’, ‘loans and advances to customers’, and ‘mandatory reserve deposits at central
banks’;
(c) general classes of financial liabilities—for example, ‘debt instruments issued’ and ‘subordinated
liabilities’; and
(d) specific classes of financial liabilities more commonly associated with banking entities—for example,
‘deposits from banks’, ‘deposits from customers’ and ‘liabilities due to central banks’.
Presentation of financial assets by shared characteristics

8 Banking entities commonly disaggregate financial assets in the statement of financial position based on a
combination of shared characteristics that describe those financial assets. Banking entities commonly reported
characteristics that describe these financial assets:
(a) by category—including those measured at amortised cost, at fair value through profit or loss and at fair
value through other comprehensive income in accordance with IFRS 9 Financial Instruments;
(b) by class—including loans and advances, securities (paragraphs 13–17), debt instruments held, equity
instruments held and other financial assets; and
(c) by counterparty—including those with central banks, other credit institutions, businesses, customers and
government.
9 Banking entities often presented financial assets by category, then disaggregated these financial assets by specific
classes in that category. For example, entities would present a subtotal for ‘Financial assets measured at
amortised cost’. The entities would then present each of the material classes of financial assets—such as ‘Loans
and advances with customers at amortised cost’—as components of that subtotal.
10 Some combinations of shared characteristics were more commonly reported than others. For example, banking
entities commonly reported ‘Loans and advances to customers measured at amortised cost’ in the statement of
financial position; whereas banking entities rarely reported a narrower concept, ‘Loans and advances to corporate
entities measured at amortised cost’.
11 The IFRS Accounting Taxonomy includes few line-item elements that capture financial assets with more than one
characteristic. Consequently, many preparers created entity-specific line-item elements (extensions) to reflect the
presentation of these financial assets. The IFRS Accounting Taxonomy includes dimensions that reflect specific
characteristics of financial assets, such as their category or class. A few preparers used this dimensional
modelling approach, which would typically be used for financial instrument disclosures, to tag financial assets
with more than one characteristic presented in the statement of financial position, instead of creating line-item
extension elements.
12 The Foundation created new line-item elements to model only those concepts that reflect commonly reported
combinations of shared characteristics that describe financial assets. The Foundation did not use dimensional
modelling to reflect these concepts in the primary financial statements, because using a dimensional approach
would result in broken or incomplete calculations in the primary financial statements. A line-item modelling
approach is consistent with the modelling approach used elsewhere in the primary financial statements and
would allow for calculations to work throughout the statement of financial position.
‘Debt securities’ and ‘equity securities’ as separate classes of financial assets

13 Banking entities commonly presented ‘securities’, including ‘debt securities’ (for example—corporate or
government bonds, debentures and promissory notes) and ‘equity securities’ as separate classes of financial
assets. Jurisdictions have varied interpretations of what constitutes a ‘security’. However, securities usually, but
not necessarily, refer to a subset of financial instruments that are tradeable on a securities exchange or
equivalent market.
6 An Extended Link Role groups similar or related concepts in a presentation group and provides a unique six-digit number and label for
that presentation group.
TECHNOLOGY UPDATE
14 The IFRS Accounting Taxonomy includes common practice elements for ‘Debt instruments held’ and ‘Equity
instruments held’. However, banking entities still created extensions using the terminology ‘debt securities’ and
‘equity securities’.
15 Further analysis of the disaggregation of debt securities in the notes to the financial statements revealed that
entities often disaggregated debt securities into sub-classes, such as government bonds, corporate bonds, treasury
bills and other debt securities. Similarly, equity securities were disaggregated into ordinary shares and, in some
cases, preferred shares. Sometimes, these securities were disaggregated into listed and unlisted instruments.
There was insufficient evidence to suggest that debt securities are conceptually different to debt instruments or
that equity securities are conceptually different to equity instruments.
16 One possible explanation for using the terminology ‘securities’ could be that jurisdictional reporting practices or
templates use the terminology ‘securities’, which is then reflected in the extensions created by entities within
those jurisdictions.
17 One of the criteria for adding common practice elements to the IFRS Accounting Taxonomy is that the elements
are distinct from each other. The existing elements ‘Debt instruments held’ and ‘Equity instruments held’ can be
used to reflect the accounting concepts reported in the statement of financial position. Consequently, the
Foundation:
(a) created common practice elements using the terminology ‘debt instruments held’ and ‘equity instruments
held’ instead of ‘debt securities held’ and ‘equity securities held’ (paragraph 21); and
(b) updated the documentation label for the element ‘Debt instruments held’ and its related child elements,
and the documentation label for ‘Equity instruments held’, to clarify that the instruments referred to in
these documentation labels include instruments that might be called ‘securities’.
Standard label Documentation label

Bank debt instruments held The amount of debt instruments, including instruments called debt securi-
ties, held by the entity that were issued by a bank. [Refer: Debt instruments
held]
Corporate debt instruments The amount of debt instruments, including instruments called debt securi-
held ties, held by the entity that were issued by a corporate entity. [Refer: Debt
instruments held]
Government debt instruments The amount of debt instruments, including instruments called debt securi-
held ties, held by the entity that were issued by a government. [Refer: Debt
instruments held; Government [member]]
Asset-backed debt instruments The amount of debt instruments held, including instruments called debt
held securities, that are backed by underlying assets. [Refer: Debt instruments
held]
Other debt instruments held The amount of debt instruments, including instruments called debt securi-
ties, held by the entity that it does not separately disclose in the same
statement or note. [Refer: Debt instruments held]
Debt instruments held The amount of instruments representing indebtedness, including instru-
ments called debt securities, held by the entity.
Equity instruments held The amount of instruments, including instruments called equity securities,
held by the entity that provide evidence of a residual interest in the assets
of another entity after deducting all of its liabilities.
Improvements to the presentation structure of financial assets measured at fair value through
profit or loss
18 The IFRS Accounting Taxonomy includes ‘Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss, classified as held for
trading’ and ‘Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss, mandatorily measured at fair value’ in the same
level, as child elements of ‘Total financial assets at fair value through profit or loss’. However, financial assets
that are held for trading are a subset of those that are mandatorily measured at fair value.
19 In addition to the common practice elements, the Foundation:
(a) moved ‘Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss, classified as held for trading’ to make it a child
element of ‘Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss, mandatorily measured at fair value’; and
TECHNOLOGY UPDATE
(b) created one new monetary element to reflect ‘Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss,
mandatorily measured at fair value other than those held for trading’.
Common practice elements for presentation of financial assets by shared characteristics

20 The Foundation observed many unique combinations of shared characteristics that describe financial assets, and
did not create common practice elements for each of these unique combinations because:
(a) infrequently reported concepts do not constitute common practice; and
(b) the resulting list of elements would be excessively long, would not be practical for preparers and users to
apply, and could affect their understanding of the Taxonomy.
21 Consequently, the Foundation added line-item elements for those commonly reported combinations of shared
characteristics that describe financial assets, and those elements that logically complete the presentation
structure in the Taxonomy:
Element label ET ER Reference

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss [abstract]
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss, designated upon M D IFRS 7.8(a)
initial recognition or subsequently
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss, measured as such in M D IFRS 7.8(a)
accordance with exemption for repurchase of own financial liabilities
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss, measured as such in M D IFRS 7.8(a)
accordance with exemption for reacquisition of own equity instruments
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss, mandatorily M D IFRS 7.8(a)
measured at fair value
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss, classified as held M CP IAS 1.55
for trading
Loans and advances at fair value through profit or loss, classi- M CP IAS 1.55
fied as held for trading
Loans and advances to banks at fair value through profit or M CP IAS 1.55
loss, classified as held for trading
Loans and advances to customers at fair value through M CP IAS 1.55
profit or loss, classified as held for trading
Debt instruments held at fair value through profit or loss, classi- M CP IAS 1.55
fied as held for trading
Equity instruments held at fair value through profit or loss, M CP IAS 1.55
classified as held for trading
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss, mandatorily M CP IAS 1.55
measured at fair value, other than those classified as held for trading
Loans and advances at fair value through profit or loss, M CP IAS 1.55
mandatorily measured at fair value, other than those classified
as held for trading
Loans and advances to banks at fair value through profit or M CP IAS 1.55
loss, mandatorily measured at fair value, other than those
classified as held for trading
Loans and advances to customers at fair value through M CP IAS 1.55
profit or loss, mandatorily measured at fair value, other
than those classified as held for trading
Debt instruments held at fair value through profit or loss, M CP IAS 1.55
as held for trading
continued...
TECHNOLOGY UPDATE
...continued

Equity instruments held at fair value through profit or loss, M CP IAS 1.55
as held for trading
Total financial assets at fair value through profit or loss M D IFRS 7.25
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income [abstract]
Financial assets measured at fair value through other comprehensive M D IFRS 7.8(h)
income
Loans and advances measured at fair value through other compre- M CP IAS 1.55
hensive income
Loans and advances to banks measured at fair value through M CP IAS 1.55
other comprehensive income
Loans and advances to customers measured at fair value M CP IAS 1.55
through other comprehensive income
Debt instruments held measured at fair value through other compre- M CP IAS 1.55
hensive income
Investments in equity instruments designated at fair value through other M D IFRS 7.11A(c),
comprehensive income IFRS 7.8(h)
Total financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income M D IFRS 7.8(h)
Financial assets at amortised cost M D IFRS 7.8(f)
Loans and advances at amortised cost M CP IAS 1.55
Loans and advances to banks at amortised cost M CP IAS 1.55
Loans and advances to customers at amortised cost M CP IAS 1.55
Debt instruments held at amortised cost M CP IAS 1.55
Total financial assets M D IFRS 7.25
...
22 Some banking entities presented financial assets by class in the statement of financial position, instead of by
category. In these cases, the entity would also disclose the breakdown of the categories of these classes of
financial assets in the notes to the financial statements and, sometimes, in the statement of financial position.
23 If an entity presented financial assets by class and then disaggregated these financial assets by category in the
statement of financial position, the entity could still use the common practice elements in paragraph 21 to reflect
the appropriate concepts presented in the statement of financial position. The elements would reflect the same
accounting concept, irrespective of whether the financial asset is presented by category and disaggregated by
class or presented by class and disaggregated by category (Table 1).
Table 1—Example of the same accounting concept presented by category then class and by class then
category
Presentation in the statement of financial position

Entity A Entity B
Financial assets at amortised cost Loans and advances to customers
Loans and advances to customers 100 At amortised cost 200
Debt instruments xxx At fair value through other comprehensive xxx
income
Digital representation
In both cases, the values CU100 for Entity A and CU200 for Entity B can be tagged with the same element:
‘Loans and advances to customers at amortised cost’
TECHNOLOGY UPDATE
24 Some entities created extensions for concepts that already exist in the IFRS Accounting Taxonomy. Preparers are
encouraged to consider whether the existing elements in the IFRS Accounting Taxonomy appropriately reflect the
reported concept before creating extensions for those concepts:
(a) investments in equity instruments, designated at fair value through other comprehensive income—some examples of
extensions observed include ‘Equity instruments at fair value through other comprehensive income’ and
‘Equity share investments designated at FVOCI’. The IFRS Accounting Taxonomy already includes the
element ‘Investments in equity instruments designated at fair value through other comprehensive
income’, which can be used to represent this accounting concept.
(b) derivative financial assets—some examples of extensions observed include ‘Financial assets measured at fair
value through profit or loss held for trading, trading derivatives’ and ‘Financial assets at fair value
through profit or loss classified as held for non-trading, derivatives’. The IFRS Accounting Taxonomy
already includes elements for derivative financial assets (‘Derivative financial assets’), derivatives held for
trading (‘Derivative financial assets held for trading’) and derivatives held for hedging purposes
(‘Derivative financial assets held for hedging’).
Commonly reported classes of financial assets

25 Some banking entities presented financial assets by class in the statement of financial position, instead of by
category, and provided further disaggregation of these amounts by category in the notes to the financial
statements. In addition to the elements in paragraph 21, the Foundation created common practice elements for
those classes of financial assets that were commonly presented in the statement of financial position.
26 The Foundation did not create elements that reflect the disaggregation of some classes of financial assets by
category (for example—‘Credit card loans’) because these extensions were rarely reported.

Equity instruments held M CP IAS 1.55
Total debt instruments held M CP IAS 1.55
Loans and advances M CP IAS 1.55
Loans and advances to banks M CP IAS 1.55
Loans and advances to central banks M CP IAS 1.55
Loans and advances to other credit institutions M CP IAS 1.55
Loans and advances to customers M CP IAS 1.55
Loans to corporate entities M CP IAS 1.112(c)
Loans to consumers M CP IAS 1.112(c)
Credit card loans M CP IAS 1.55
Mortgage loans M CP IAS 1.55
Loans to government M CP IAS 1.55
Allowance for expected credit losses

27 Some banking entities presented the gross carrying amount of loans and advances measured at amortised cost
and presented the related allowance for expected credit losses separately in the statement of financial position.
28 Paragraph 16A of IFRS 7 prohibits an entity from presenting the loss allowance separately in the statement of
financial position as a reduction of the carrying amount of a financial asset that is measured at fair value through
other comprehensive income. However, the Standard includes no such prohibition for financial assets measured
at amortised cost.
29 Accordingly, the Foundation added two elements for loans and advances measured at amortised cost—one for the
gross carrying amount and one for the allowance for expected credit losses—in addition to the element ‘Loans
and advances measured at amortised cost’. Additionally, the Foundation added a calculation relationship to
reflect that loans and advances measured at amortised cost are calculated as the gross carrying amount minus the
allowance for expected credit losses.
TECHNOLOGY UPDATE
Calculation
Element label ET ER Reference relationship
Loans and advances at amortised cost M CP IAS 1.55 C=A−B
Loans and advances at amortised cost, gross carrying M CP IAS 1.55 A
amount
Loans and advances at amortised cost, allowance for M CP IAS 1.55 B
expected credit losses
Presentation of financial liabilities by shared characteristics

30 Banking entities commonly disaggregate financial liabilities in the statement of financial position in a similar
way to financial assets—that is, based on shared characteristics that describe those financial liabilities. Banking
entities in the sample commonly reported characteristics that describe these financial liabilities:
(a) by category—including those measured at amortised cost, and at fair value through profit or loss in
accordance with IFRS 9;
(b) by class—including debt instruments issued, deposit liabilities, subordinated liabilities and other financial
liabilities; and
(c) by counterparty—including those with central banks, other credit institutions and customers.
31 Consequently, the Foundation added elements for those commonly reported combinations of shared
characteristics that describe financial liabilities, and those elements that logically complete the presentation
structure in the Taxonomy:

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss [abstract]
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss that meet definition M D IFRS 7.8(e)
of held for trading
Deposits at fair value through profit or loss that meet definition of M CP IAS 1.55
held for trading
Deposits from banks at fair value through profit or loss that M CP IAS 1.55
meet definition of held for trading
Deposits from customers at fair value through profit or loss that M CP IAS 1.55
meet definition of held for trading
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss, designated upon M D IFRS 7.8(e)
initial recognition or subsequently
Deposits at fair value through profit or loss, designated upon initial M CP IAS 1.55
recognition or subsequently
Deposits from banks at fair value through profit or loss, M CP IAS 1.55
designated upon initial recognition or subsequently
Deposits from customers at fair value through profit or loss, M CP IAS 1.55
designated upon initial recognition or subsequently
Debt instruments issued at fair value through profit or loss, designa- M CP IAS 1.55
ted upon initial recognition or subsequently
Total financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss M CP IFRS 7.8(e)
Financial liabilities at amortised cost M D IFRS 7.8(g)
Deposits at amortised cost M CP IAS 1.55
Deposits from banks at amortised cost M CP IAS 1.55
Deposits from customers at amortised cost M CP IAS 1.55
Debt instruments issued at amortised cost M CP IAS 1.55
Subordinated liabilities at amortised cost M CP IAS 1.55
Total financial liabilities M D IFRS 7.25
TECHNOLOGY UPDATE
Presentation of financial liabilities by class

32 Some banking entities presented financial liabilities by class in the statement of financial position instead of by
category, which is similar to their presentation of financial assets (paragraph 25). These entities provided further
disaggregation of these amounts in the notes to the financial statements. The most commonly presented class of
financial liabilities for which entities created extensions was ‘deposits’ (or ‘deposit liabilities’). Consequently, the
Foundation created one common practice element for all deposit liabilities, as a parent element of the existing
elements for ‘Deposits from banks’ and ‘Deposits from customers’.

Deposit liabilities M CP IAS 1.55
Deposits from banks M CP IAS 1.55
Deposits from customers M CP IAS 1.55
Subordinated liabilities M CP IAS 1.55
Debt instruments issued M CP IAS 1.55
Statement of cash flows

33 An entity is required to report cash flows from operating activities using either:
(a) the indirect method—profit or loss is adjusted for the effects of transactions of a non-cash nature, any
deferrals or accruals of past or future operating cash receipts or payments, and items of income or
expense associated with investing or financing cash flows (paragraphs 34–44); or
(b) the direct method—major classes of gross cash receipts and gross cash payments are disclosed (paragraphs
45–48).
Cash flows from operating activities—Indirect method

34 Most banking entities in the sample reported cash flows from operating activities using the indirect method.
35 Banking entities that presented cash flows from operating activities using the indirect method commonly
presented reconciling adjustments related to financial instruments, including:
(a) adjustments for impairment losses or a reversal of impairment losses on financial assets (paragraphs
36–38);
(b) adjustments for fair value gains or losses on financial assets or liabilities (paragraphs 39–41); and
(c) adjustments for the gains or losses recognised on disposal of financial assets (paragraphs 42–44).
36 The IFRS Accounting Taxonomy includes a common practice element for the adjustment of impairment losses or
reversal of impairment losses recognised in profit or loss for loans and advances. Paragraph 5.2.2 of IFRS 9
requires an entity to recognise impairment losses for all classes of financial assets measured at amortised cost or
financial assets measured at fair value through other comprehensive income in accordance with paragraph 4.1.2A
of IFRS 9. Many banking entities in the sample presented a single adjustment for impairment losses or a reversal
of impairment losses on all financial assets in one line item.
37 The existing Taxonomy element ‘Adjustments for impairment loss (reversal of impairment loss) recognised in
profit or loss, loans and advances’ is too narrow to appropriately reflect this concept.7 The existing element is
only intended to reflect the adjustment for impairment losses on loans and advances. Instead of using this
element, preparers created extensions to reflect the adjustment for impairment losses on all financial assets.
38 Consequently, the Foundation created one, slightly broader, element to reflect the adjustment for impairment
losses or reversal of impairment losses on all financial assets recognised in profit or loss. This common practice
element could be used to tag the adjustment for impairment losses on all classes of financial assets measured at
amortised cost or financial assets measured at fair value through other comprehensive income in accordance
with paragraph 4.1.2A of IFRS 9.
7 An element has a narrower accounting meaning if the element is limited in scope or meaning compared to the concept to be disclosed.
TECHNOLOGY UPDATE
Element label ET Balance ER Reference

Adjustments for impairment losses (reversal of impairment losses) M debit CP IAS 7.20
recognised in profit or loss, financial assets
Adjustments for impairment loss (reversal of impairment loss) M debit CP IAS 7.20
recognised in profit or loss, loans and advances
39 The IFRS Accounting Taxonomy includes common practice elements that reflect adjustments for fair value gains
or losses and adjustments for gains or losses on changes in the fair value of derivatives. However, the IFRS
Accounting Taxonomy includes no individual elements for the adjustment for gains or losses on financial assets
or the adjustment for gains or losses on financial liabilities. Banking entities commonly presented the
adjustments for fair value gains or losses on financial assets separately from adjustments for fair value gains or
losses on financial liabilities.
40 A few banking entities presented separate line items for adjustments for fair value gains or losses for various
categories of financial assets—for example, ‘financial assets at fair value through profit or loss’. However, these
extensions were rarely reported and, consequently, the Foundation did not create elements for these adjustments.
41 The Foundation created two common practice elements—one for adjustments to fair value gains or losses on
financial assets, and a second element for adjustments to fair value gains or losses on financial liabilities.

Adjustments for gains (losses) on change in fair value of deriva- M credit CP IAS 7.20
tives
Adjustments for gains (losses) on change in fair value of financial M credit CP IAS 7.20
assets
Adjustments for gains (losses) on change in fair value of financial M credit CP IAS 7.20
liabilities
42 Banking entities commonly presented adjustments to gains or losses from the disposal of financial assets to
reconcile profit or loss to net cash flows from operating activities. The IFRS Accounting Taxonomy includes no
element for the adjustment for gains or losses resulting from the disposal of financial assets and, consequently,
preparers created extensions to reflect this concept.
43 Banking entities that presented the adjustment for the disposal of financial assets commonly did so in a single
line item. Although preparers created a range of varied extensions—for example, ‘Adjustments for (gain) loss on
sale of investment securities’ and ‘Adjustments for (gain) loss on disposals of other financial assets’—none of
these extensions were commonly observed. Instead, entities commonly included the adjustment to profit or loss
from the disposal of financial assets in a single line item.
44 Consequently, the Foundation created one common practice element to reflect the adjustments for gains or losses
on the disposal of all financial assets. If an entity presents an adjustment for the disposal of any financial asset in
a single line item, that entity would use the new element to tag that concept.

Adjustments for gain (loss) on disposals, property, plant and M credit CP IAS 7.20
equipment
Adjustments for gain (loss) on disposal of investments in subsidia- M credit CP IAS 7.20
ries, joint ventures and associates
Adjustments for gains (losses) on disposal of financial assets M credit CP IAS 7.20
Cash flows from operating activities—Direct method

45 Banking entities that presented cash flows from operating activities using the direct method commonly presented
cash flows from operations relating to financial instruments, including:
(a) fees and commissions paid (paragraph 46);
(b) interest paid and interest received, classified as operating activities (paragraph 47); and
(c) recoveries of loans previously written off (paragraph 48).
TECHNOLOGY UPDATE
46 Banking entities that presented cash flows from operating activities using the direct method reported cash
inflows and outflows arising from interest, fees and commission. When reporting ‘fees and commissions
received’, these preparers commonly used the existing element ‘Receipts from royalties, fees, commissions and
other revenue’. However, the IFRS Accounting Taxonomy includes no corresponding element for fees and
commissions paid. Consequently, the Foundation created a common practice element for ‘Payments relating to
royalties, fees and commissions’. This element can be used by entities that present royalties, fees and/or
commissions in the same line item.

Classes of cash payments from operating activities [abstract]
Payments relating to royalties, fees and commissions M CP IAS 7.14
47 The IFRS Accounting Taxonomy includes elements for interest paid and interest received, classified as operating
activities. However, some banking entities presented separate line items for interest received from various classes
of assets, such as loans and advances or debt securities. Similarly, some banking entities presented separate line
items for interest paid from deposit liabilities. Consequently, the Foundation added three common practice
elements to reflect:
(a) interest received from loans and advances;
(b) interest received from debt instruments held; and
(c) interest paid on deposit liabilities.

Interest received, classified as operating activities M D IAS 7.31
Interest received from loans and advances, classified as operating activi- M CP IAS 7.31
ties
Interest received from debt instruments held, classified as operating M CP IAS 7.31
activities
Interest paid, classified as operating activities M D IAS 7.31
Interest paid on deposit liabilities, classified as operating activities M CP IAS 7.31
48 Banking entities that present cash flows from operating activities using the direct method report cash inflows for
the recovery of loans that were previously written off as a separate line item. Although Illustrative Example B in
IAS 7 Statement of Cash Flows does include a line item for the recovery of loans previously written off, the IFRS
Accounting Taxonomy includes no element to reflect this concept. Accordingly, the Foundation added one
example element to reflect the cash inflow from the recovery of loans previously written off.

Recoveries on loans previously written off M E IAS 7 - B
Statement of
cash flows for a
financial institu-
tion
Cash flows from operating activities—Changes in operating assets and liabilities

49 In presenting the statement of cash flows for a financial institution using either the direct or indirect method,
entities are required to adjust for the changes in operating assets and liabilities to calculate cash flows from
operating activities.
50 The IFRS Accounting Taxonomy includes common practice elements for adjustments to the carrying amount of
some operating assets more commonly associated with banking entities—for example, ‘Adjustments for decrease
(increase) in financial assets held for trading’, ‘Adjustments for decrease (increase) in loans and advances to
customers’ and ‘Adjustments for decrease (increase) in loans and advances to banks’.
TECHNOLOGY UPDATE
51 Banking entities commonly presented adjustments for the increase or decrease in financial assets by category or
by class. A few banking entities presented adjustments for financial assets by combination of category and class—
for example, ‘Adjustments for decrease (increase) in loans and advances at amortised cost’. However, such
extensions were rarely observed.
52 A few banking entities presented adjustments for specific types of loans and advances—for example, adjustments
for the change in loans and advances to corporates, or adjustments for the change in residential mortgages.
However, these extensions were also rarely observed.
53 The IFRS Accounting Taxonomy includes no elements that reflect adjustments to financial assets that are held as
part of operating activities either by category or by class of financial assets. Consequently, the Foundation added
elements for commonly reported adjustments to the carrying amount of financial assets that are held as part of
operating activities, as well as further elements that logically complete the presentation structure in the
Taxonomy.

Cash flows from (used in) operating activities [abstract]
Adjustments for decrease (increase) in financial assets measured at M CP IAS 7.20
amortised cost
Adjustments for decrease (increase) in financial assets measured at fair M CP IAS 7.20
value through other comprehensive income
Adjustments for decrease (increase) in financial assets measured at fair M CP IAS 7.20
value through profit or loss
Adjustments for decrease (increase) in financial assets at fair value M CP IAS 7.20
through profit or loss, designated upon initial recognition or
subsequently
Adjustments for decrease (increase) in financial assets at fair value M CP IAS 7.20
through profit or loss, mandatorily measured at fair value
Adjustments for decrease (increase) in financial assets held for M CP IAS 7.20
trading
Adjustments for decrease (increase) in loans and advances M CP IAS 7.20
Adjustments for decrease (increase) in loans and advances to banks M CP IAS 7.20
Adjustments for decrease (increase) in loans and advances to M CP IAS 7.20
central banks
Adjustments for decrease (increase) in loans and advances to M CP IAS 7.20
customers
Adjustments for decrease (increase) in debt instruments held M CP IAS 7.20
Adjustments for decrease (increase) in equity instruments held M CP IAS 7.20
Adjustments for decrease (increase) in derivative financial assets M CP IAS 7.20
Adjustments for decrease (increase) in other financial assets M CP IAS 7.20
54 Banking entities commonly presented adjustments for the increase or decrease in financial liabilities by category
or by class, which is similar to their presentation of adjustments for the increase or decrease in financial assets
that are held as part of operating activities. A few banking entities presented adjustments for financial liabilities
by a combination of category and class—for example, ‘Adjustments for increase (decrease) in deposits and
borrowings at amortised cost’. However, such extensions were rarely observed.
55 A few banking entities presented adjustments for specific types of deposits—for example, adjustments for the
change in demand deposits, or adjustments for the change in deposits from central banks. However, these
extensions were also rarely observed.
56 The IFRS Accounting Taxonomy includes no elements that reflect adjustments to financial liabilities that are held
as part of operating activities either by category or by class of financial liabilities. Consequently, the Foundation
added elements for commonly reported adjustments to the carrying amount of financial liabilities that are held
as part of operating activities and elements that logically complete the presentation structure in the Taxonomy.
TECHNOLOGY UPDATE

Cash flows from (used in) operating activities [abstract]
Adjustments for increase (decrease) in financial liabilities measured at M CP IAS 7.20
amortised cost
Adjustments for increase (decrease) in financial liabilities measured at M CP IAS 7.20
fair value through profit or loss
Adjustments for increase (decrease) in financial liabilities at fair M CP IAS 7.20
value through profit or loss, designated upon initial recognition or
subsequently
Adjustments for increase (decrease) in financial liabilities held for M CP IAS 7.20
trading
Adjustments for increase (decrease) in deposits M CP IAS 7.20
Adjustments for increase (decrease) in deposits from banks M CP IAS 7.20
Adjustments for increase (decrease) in deposits from customers M CP IAS 7.20
Adjustments for increase (decrease) in debt instruments issued M CP IAS 7.20
Adjustments for increase (decrease) in derivative financial liabilities M CP IAS 7.20
Adjustments for increase (decrease) in other financial liabilities M CP IAS 7.20
Cash flows from investing activities

57 Paragraph 16 of IAS 7 requires an entity to present separately the cash inflows and outflows arising from
investing activities. The IFRS Accounting Taxonomy includes common practice elements for the purchase and
proceeds from sales or maturity of financial instruments classified as investing activities.
58 Because banking entities often present cash flows from the sale or purchase of financial assets for each category
of financial asset, preparers created extensions to represent cash inflows and outflows for each category of
financial asset.
59 In a few cases, banking entities presented cash inflows from the sale of financial assets and from the maturity of
financial assets separately and created separate extensions for these line items. However, this presentation was
rarely observed and preparers who create such extensions could anchor these extensions to the existing wider
common practice elements to provide further context for the extensions. Therefore, the Foundation did not
create separate elements for the proceeds from the sale of financial assets or for the proceeds from the maturity
of financial assets.
60 The Foundation created common practice elements to reflect the purchase and proceeds from sales or maturity of
financial assets for each category of financial asset.

Purchase of financial instruments, classified as investing activities M CP IAS 7.16
Proceeds from sales or maturity of financial instruments, classified as invest- M CP IAS 7.16
ing activities
Purchase of financial assets measured at amortised cost, classified as invest- M CP IAS 7.16
ing activities
Proceeds from sales or maturity of financial assets measured at amortised M CP IAS 7.16
cost, classified as investing activities
Purchase of financial assets measured at fair value through other comprehen- M CP IAS 7.16
sive income, classified as investing activities
Proceeds from sales or maturity of financial assets measured at fair value M CP IAS 7.16
through other comprehensive income, classified as investing activities
Purchase of financial assets measured at fair value through profit or loss, M CP IAS 7.16
classified as investing activities
Proceeds from sales or maturity of financial assets measured at fair value M CP IAS 7.16
through profit or loss, classified as investing activities
TECHNOLOGY UPDATE
Cash flows from financing activities

61 Paragraph 17 of IAS 7 requires an entity to present separately the cash inflows and outflows arising from
financing activities. The IFRS Accounting Taxonomy includes common practice elements for the proceeds from
issuing debt or equity instruments classified as financing activities and for the repayment of borrowings classified
as financing activities.
62 Banking entities commonly presented cash flows relating to Additional Tier 1 (AT1) capital,8 such as the proceeds
from issuing AT1 capital and the repayments of AT1 capital. The IFRS Accounting Taxonomy includes no
elements specific to banking regulation, such as the Basel III Accords.
63 The Foundation added elements that reflect cash flows relating to regulatory capital in general, instead of
creating specific elements that reflect cash flows relating to AT1 capital. Preparers could use these elements to
tag concepts relating to AT1 capital and might also use these elements to tag concepts relating to other regulatory
capital, if applicable. The Foundation added common practice elements to reflect proceeds from the issue and
repayments of regulatory capital, arising from instruments separately classified as financial liabilities and equity
instruments.

Proceeds from issue of regulatory capital, financial liabilities M CP IAS 7.17
Repayments of regulatory capital, financial liabilities M CP IAS 7.17
Proceeds from issue of regulatory capital, equity M CP IAS 7.17
Repayments of regulatory capital, equity M CP IAS 7.17
64 The Foundation observed that banking entities commonly presented the repayments of interest on AT1 capital.
However, the Foundation did not create a common practice element for this concept because this reporting
practice might change when IFRS 18 Presentation and Disclosure in Financial Statements is in effect.
General improvements
65 The Foundation made several improvements to the IFRS Accounting Taxonomy, based on stakeholder feedback
and related work:
(a) introducing categorical elements (paragraphs 66–84);
(b) introducing elements to capture a reconciliation of property, plant and equipment including right-of-use
assets (paragraphs 85–92);
(c) creating an element to tag the fair value of investment property measured at cost (paragraphs 93–98);
(d) removing restrictive text from the documentation labels of members of the ‘Types of antidilutive
instruments’ axis (paragraphs 99–101); and
(e) removing inaccurate formulas and improving documentation labels related to the ‘Continuing and
discontinued operations’ axis (paragraphs 102–124).
Introducing categorical elements

The motivation—Interpreting narrative disclosures
66 Digitally extracting and analysing narrative information can be more difficult and time consuming than doing so
with numerical information, especially narrative information in a foreign language (see Table 2, illustrating three
possible reports of a particular concept by three different entities). However, some narrative disclosures are like
numerical information because they are directly comparable between entities and over time, and could be tagged
to facilitate that comparison. If such data were provided in a ‘categorical’ format (for example, a true / false
format), users of digital financial reports could search databases for information quickly, without needing to
interpret each entity’s textual disclosures (see Table 3, illustrating a simple interpretation of the disclosed
information).
8 Additional Tier 1 (AT1) capital is the sum of capital instruments that meet the criteria of AT1 and related surplus, additional qualifying
minority interests and regulatory adjustments. AT1 capital and Common Equity Tier 1 (CET) capital comprise Tier 1 capital in terms of
the Basel III Accords.
TECHNOLOGY UPDATE
Table 2—Example of narrative disclosures
Entity Taxonomy element Tagged information (using narrative element)

Entity A Statement of IFRS compliance [text The company’s financial statements, prepared in
block]9 accordance with local GAAPs as specified under
the Companies Act read with the relevant rules.
Entity B Statement of IFRS compliance [text This section of the Annual Report contains the
block] audited, consolidated financial statements, includ-
ing the notes therein that have been prepared in
accordance with International Financial Reporting
Standards (IFRS), as endorsed by the European
Union (EU) and with the statutory provisions of
Part 9, Book 2 of the Dutch Civil Code.
Entity C Statement of IFRS compliance [text Der Geschäftsbericht enthält den geprüften
block] Konzernabschluss einschließlich der darin enthal-
tenen Erläuterungen, der in Übereinstimmung mit
den International Financial Reporting Standards
(IFRS) erstellt wurde.10
Table 3—Example of equivalent ‘categorical’ disclosures
Entity Taxonomy element Tagged information (using Boolean element)

Entity A Financial statements comply with False
IFRSs
Entity B Financial statements comply with True
IFRSs
Entity C Financial statements comply with True
IFRSs
What are categorical elements?

67 Categorical elements allow preparers to tag standard responses from a list of options defined in the IFRS
Accounting Taxonomy. The objective of creating categorical elements is to simplify how users of digital financial
reports interpret disclosures and to make their analyses of disclosures more efficient. These elements allow users
to efficiently extract and analyse narrative information that can be provided in a structured format. The types of
categorical elements introduced are:
(a) Boolean elements—these allow an entity to choose only ‘true’ or ‘false’ (‘yes’ or ‘no’) options (see Table 3);
and
(b) extensible enumerations—these allow an entity to choose an option from a list (and create an entity-
specific option(s) if needed), for example, whether investment in an associate is measured using the equity
method or at fair value (‘Equity method’ / ‘At fair value’). There are two variants of extensible
enumeration elements—set-valued extensible enumerations and single-valued extensible enumerations.
Set-valued extensible enumerations allow an entity to choose more than one option from a specified list,
whereas single-valued extensible enumerations allow an entity to choose only one option from a specified
list.11
9 The term ‘IFRS’ used in the IFRS Accounting Taxonomy element labels refers to the ‘IFRS Accounting Standards’. The element labels and
documentation labels that refer to ‘IFRS’ will be updated as part of a separate project.
10 The English translation of this note in German is ‘The Annual Report contains the audited consolidated financial statements, including
the notes therein that have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS).’.
11 Note that the values of extensible enumerations are technically not ‘tagged’ in the same way in Inline XBRL. Extensible enumerations do
not use Inline XBRL transformations to derive the fact values from the human-readable text of the XHTML document, as would be the
approach for other kinds of elements. In practice, ‘hidden’ facts must be used for extensible enumerations. The Foundation intends to
update its guidance for filers to indicate that a mechanism to link the human-readable layer to the XBRL fact should be used for such
hidden facts (which is the current guidance for SEC or ESEF filers). The layer and fact should be linked via a style property with a name
ending ‘-ix-hidden’ and the value of the id attribute of the relevant fact in the ix:hidden section.
TECHNOLOGY UPDATE
Why has the Foundation introduced categorical elements?

68 The International Sustainability Standards Board (ISSB) makes use of categorical elements in the IFRS
Sustainability Disclosure Taxonomy for specific narrative sustainability-related financial disclosures to improve
the usability and comparability of narrative information.
69 The Foundation introduced categorical elements in the IFRS Accounting Taxonomy to align the practice used in
both the accounting and sustainability disclosure taxonomies and to gain the benefits of categorical elements.
70 The Foundation used a similar approach to that used by the ISSB and created two types of categorical elements to
reflect narrative information that could be provided in a categorical format—Boolean elements and extensible
enumeration elements. Boolean element types are used when narrative disclosures can be appropriately
standardised as either ‘true’ or ‘false’. Extensible enumeration element types are used when narrative disclosures
can be appropriately reflected by a list of defined options for which:
(a) an exhaustive list of options is provided in an IFRS Accounting Standard; or
(b) an exhaustive list of options is not provided in an IFRS Accounting Standard, but the examples provided in
the Standard are expected to cover most disclosures in practice.
71 For example, the Foundation:
(a) created a categorical element for disclosure of the nature of government’s relationship with the reporting
entity. This disclosure is suited to a categorical element because the list of options used to categorise this
relationship is provided with the disclosure requirement in paragraph 26(a) of IAS 24 Related Party
Transactions (‘control’, ‘joint control’ or ‘significant influence’).
(b) created a categorical element for disclosure of the depreciation method used for property, plant and
equipment because examples of depreciation methods provided in paragraph 62 of IAS 16 Property, Plant
and Equipment are expected to cover most disclosures in practice.
(c) did not create a categorical element for ‘Description of nature of benefits provided by plan’ because the
disclosure requirement in paragraph 139(a)(i) of IAS 19 Employee Benefits includes neither a complete list of
options nor a comprehensive list of examples.
72 The Foundation created extensible enumeration elements for requirements in IFRS Accounting Standards that
omit a complete list of options but include a list of examples that is expected to cover most responses. The
Foundation did not include an ‘other’ option in the list of values for the extensible enumeration elements.
Therefore, the Foundation suggests that if an entity’s disclosure does not match any of the available options, then
the entity should create an extension element to use as the value for the categorical element.12
73 For example, for the element ‘Depreciation method, property, plant and equipment, categorical’, the Foundation
provided the options ‘straight-line method’, ‘diminishing balance method’ and ‘units of production method’,
which are examples mentioned in paragraph 62 of IAS 16. However, an entity might use another method to
allocate the depreciable amount of any class of property, plant and equipment (for example, the double declining
balance method). If so, the entity should create an extension member (for example, ‘Double declining balance
method’) as a possible value for the element ‘Depreciation method, property, plant and equipment, categorical’
and use that in its digital financial reports.
74 Note that categorical elements, like other elements in the IFRS Accounting Taxonomy, can be used more than one
time to convey more than one fact when combined with appropriate axes. For example, the element
‘Depreciation method, property, plant and equipment, categorical’ can be used with the ‘Buildings’ and ‘Vehicles’
members under the ‘Classes of property, plant and equipment’ axis to separately indicate the depreciation
method used for buildings and vehicles, if necessary. However, there is one categorical element, ‘Inventory cost
formulas, categorical’, for which there is no appropriate axis and which may be used with more than one option
(for example, if costs are allocated to some inventories using the weighted average cost method and are allocated
to other inventories using the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method). Therefore, the Foundation has created this
categorical element as a ‘set-valued extensible enumeration’ element, so preparers can use this element with
more than one option, if needed.
75 The Foundation did not create categorical elements for disclosure requirements in IAS 26 Accounting and Reporting
by Retirement Benefit Plans. A limited number of entities apply this Standard; therefore, the benefits of changing the
Taxonomy to reflect those requirements would be similarly limited.
12 XBRL extensible enumerations are, as their name suggests, ‘extensible’ by filers or jurisdictions, in the sense that additional response
options can be defined.
TECHNOLOGY UPDATE
Using categorical elements with narrative elements

76 The IFRS Accounting Taxonomy has text or text block elements (narrative elements) for most narrative
disclosures, including when the disclosure requirement is logically categorical. For example, an entity can use
narrative elements to disclose:
(a) a binary true-or-false response;
(b) a confirmatory fact about a particular circumstance or transaction;
(c) an exemption or exception the entity has used; or
(d) a choice of measurement methods specified in a Standard.
77 Narrative elements provide preparers with the flexibility to tag additional explanations. Such additional
explanations often provide more context around the disclosure requirement and can have significant value.
Therefore, the Foundation retained the existing narrative elements in the IFRS Accounting Taxonomy and created
additional categorical elements as child elements of such narrative elements. The approach will:
(a) allow preparers to tag additional contextual information (using the parent narrative element); and
(b) capture the fundamental information in a categorical format to simplify analysis and screening (using the
child categorical element).
The Foundation retained such narrative elements because users of digital financial reports are expected to search
for, analyse and use such information separately from other information in order to understand the context of
the categorical element.
78 Existing narrative elements related to potential categorical elements could fall into one of two types—those that
are narrow enough, and those that are excessively broad, meaning that:
(a) a narrative element is narrow enough if it was created for the topic of a categorical disclosure and is
meant to capture that specific information only, or if its focus is narrow enough that users should be able
to easily identify relevant context for the categorical disclosure in the content. The Foundation created
categorical elements as child elements of this type of narrow narrative element. For example:
Element label List ET ER Reference

Description of nature of financial statements T D IAS 1.51(b),
IAS 27.16(a),
IAS 27.1(a)
Nature of financial statements Separate / EE D IAS 1.51(b),
Consolida- IAS 27.16(a),
ted IAS 27.1(a)
(b) a narrative element is excessively broad if it captures a categorical disclosure but also covers too many
other disclosures. Therefore, it would be difficult for users to understand any nuances around the separate
categorical disclosure, which might be difficult to identify within the broader disclosure. In these cases,
the Foundation created two additional elements as child elements of this type of broad narrative element:
(1) a narrow narrative element and (2) a categorical element. For example:
Element label List ET ER Reference

Disclosure of qualitative information about application of classifi- TB D IFRS 17.C28E(a)
cation overlay and impairment requirements [text block]
Description of whether impairment requirements have T D IFRS 17.C28E(a)
been applied in classification overlay
Impairment requirements have been applied in classi- True / False B D IFRS 17.C28E(a)
fication overlay
Guidance on using categorical elements

79 The benefits of categorical elements can only be realised if using categorical elements is required and if preparers
use categorical elements to tag their data consistently.
TECHNOLOGY UPDATE
80 Therefore, the Foundation plans to introduce guidance about using categorical elements and the related narrative
elements to help entities consistently adopt these new elements. The Foundation encourages entities to use the
parent narrative elements with the categorical elements to capture the full disclosure provided. The Foundation
has also included guidance labels for the categorical elements, stating: ‘When using this element to communicate
information that meets the disclosure requirement, the entity should also use the parent narrative element to
capture the related narrative disclosure if provided in the financial statements.’.
Summary of categorical elements introduced to the IFRS Accounting Taxonomy

81 In summary, the Foundation:
(a) introduced two types of categorical elements: ‘Boolean’ and ‘extensible enumeration’.
(b) defined member elements for the extensible enumeration elements. These member elements will
correspond to the options or examples in an Accounting Standard. If a Standard omits a complete list of
options but includes a set of examples, the Foundation did not include an item representing ‘other’.
Instead, entities are expected to create entity-specific items to be used as a value for the extensible
enumeration element for their entity-specific response.
(c) introduced categorical elements in addition to the existing narrative elements rather than as a
replacement for those narrative elements. This approach is intended to help preparers capture both the
categorical data and any related contextual information.
(d) plans to provide guidance in the guides and provided guidance in the taxonomy files to help preparers
consistently use two elements (the narrative element and the categorical element) for one disclosure
requirement.
Understanding categorical elements

82 To aid readers’ understanding of these categorical elements, the Foundation has grouped the categorical elements
into logical categories in this document. However, the categorical elements will not be presented by category in
the taxonomy files. Instead, these elements will be presented as they appear in IFRS Accounting Standards,
adjacent to the related narrative element. The categories are:
(a) compliance—these elements relate to an entity disclosing compliance with IFRS Accounting Standards or a
specific topic or section in an Accounting Standard. For example, ‘Financial statements comply with IFRSs’
(True / False).
(b) exemption—these elements relate to an entity disclosing the application of an exemption or exception
provided in an Accounting Standard. For example, ‘Entity applies exemption in IAS 24.25’ (True / False).
(c) impracticability—these elements relate to an entity disclosing when something is impracticable. For
example, ‘Estimating amount of change in accounting estimate is impracticable’ (True / False).
(d) measurement method—these elements relate to an entity disclosing which of the measurement methods
provided in the Accounting Standard the entity has used. For example, ‘Investment in associate is
measured using equity method or at fair value’ (Equity method / Fair value).
(e) choice of accounting policy—these elements relate to requirements for an entity to disclose its choice of
accounting policy. For example, ‘Inventory cost formulas, categorical’ (First-in, first-out / Weighted
average).
(f) accounting estimates—these elements relate to requirements for an entity to disclose an accounting
estimate. For example, ‘Depreciation method, property, plant and equipment, categorical’ (Straight-line
method / Diminishing balance method / Units of production method).
(g) governance—these elements relate to an entity disclosing information about governance required by IFRS
Accounting Standards. For example, ‘Independent valuer was involved in revaluation, property, plant and
equipment’ (True / False).
(h) transition—these elements relate to the disclosure requirements in the transition sections of IFRS
Accounting Standards. For example, ‘Change in accounting policy is made in accordance with transitional
provisions of initially applied IFRS’ (True / False).
(i) others—all other categorical elements that do not fall into any of the categories in (a)–(h). For example,
‘Shares have no par value’ (True / False).
83 The full list of categorical elements, along with related narrative elements, is provided in Appendix C.
TECHNOLOGY UPDATE
84 Illustrated tagged examples are provided in Appendix D.
Reconciliation of property, plant and equipment including right-of-use assets

85 In the IFRS Accounting Taxonomy 2023, the Foundation created a common practice element ‘Property, plant and
equipment including right-of-use assets’ in the presentation groups of the statement of financial position. This
element was created for tagging an amount that combines property, plant and equipment and those right-of-use
assets whose underlying assets would have been property, plant and equipment if they had been owned.
86 The Foundation subsequently researched common reporting practice for the corresponding reconciliation of
changes in ‘Property, plant and equipment including right-of-use assets’ and observed variety in entities’
reporting patterns, in that:
(a) some entities disclosed separate reconciliation tables for ‘Property, plant and equipment’ and ‘Right-of-use
assets’;
(b) some entities combined the details of ‘Property, plant and equipment’ and ‘Right-of-use assets’ into a
single table with separate columns for owned property, plant and equipment, and for right-of-use assets;
and
(c) other entities also disclosed a single table, but with columns for an aggregate of ‘Property, plant and
equipment including right-of-use assets’ and the ‘Right-of-use assets’ component of ‘Property, plant and
equipment including right-of-use assets’.
87 The Foundation enabled tagging of various types of reporting patterns (in particular, those described in
paragraph 86(b)–(c), in which only a single table is disclosed that combines the reconciliation of ‘Property, plant
and equipment’ and ‘Right-of-use assets’ in some way). This tagging was enabled by creating a new table for the
reconciliation of ‘Property, plant and equipment including right-of-use assets’ in the presentation group ‘[822100]
Notes – Property, plant and equipment’. This new table has line items similar to the reconciliation elements
provided for ‘Property, plant and equipment’ and the same set of axes, with an additional axis, ‘Property, plant
and equipment including right-of-use assets [axis]’, which contains members for ‘Property, plant and equipment’,
‘Right-of-use assets’ and ‘Property, plant and equipment including right-of-use assets’.
Axis and members
Element label ER Reference

Property, plant and equipment including right-of-use assets (A) CP IAS 16.73(e),
IFRS 16.47(a)
Property, plant and equipment including right-of-use assets (M) CP IAS 16.73(e),
IFRS 16.47(a)
Property, plant and equipment (M) D IAS 16.73, …
Right-of-use assets (M) D IFRS 16.33
Classes of property, plant and equipment (A) D IAS 16.73
Property, plant and equipment by operating lease status (A) D IFRS 16.95
Carrying amount, accumulated depreciation, amortisation and impairment and gross D IAS 16.73(d), …
carrying amount (A)
Line items

Property, plant and equipment including right-of-use assets at beginning of M CP IAS 1.54(a),
period IAS 16.73(e),
IFRS 16.47(a)
Total increase (decrease) in property, plant and equipment including right-of- M CP IAS 16.73(e),
use assets IFRS 16.47(a)
Additions other than through business combinations, property, plant and M CP IAS 16.73(e),
equipment including right-of-use assets IFRS 16.47(a)
continued...
TECHNOLOGY UPDATE
...continued

Acquisitions through business combinations, property, plant and M CP IAS 16.73(e),
Increase (decrease) through net exchange differences, property, plant M CP IAS 16.73(e),
and equipment including right-of-use assets IFRS 16.47(a)
Depreciation, property, plant and equipment including right-of-use assets M CP IAS 16.73(e),
IFRS 16.47(a)
Impairment loss recognised in profit or loss, property, plant and M CP IAS 16.73(e),
Reversal of impairment loss recognised in profit or loss, property, plant M CP IAS 16.73(e),
and equipment including right-of-use assets IFRS 16.47(a)
Revaluation increase (decrease), property, plant and equipment including M CP IAS 16.73(e),
right-of-use assets IFRS 16.47(a)
Impairment loss recognised in other comprehensive income, property, M CP IAS 16.73(e),
plant and equipment including right-of-use assets IFRS 16.47(a)
Reversal of impairment loss recognised in other comprehensive income, M CP IAS 16.73(e),
property, plant and equipment including right-of-use assets IFRS 16.47(a)
Total increase (decrease) through transfers and other changes, property, M CP IAS 16.73(e),
plant and equipment including right-of-use assets IFRS 16.47(a)
Increase (decrease) through transfers, property, plant and M CP IAS 16.73(e),
Increase (decrease) through transfers from (to) investment M CP IAS 16.73(e),
property, property, plant and equipment including right-of-use IFRS 16.47(a)
assets
Increase (decrease) through transfers from construction in M CP IAS 16.73(e),
progress, property, plant and equipment including right-of-use IFRS 16.47(a)
assets
Increase (decrease) through other changes, property, plant and M CP IAS 16.73(e),
Total disposals and retirements, property, plant and equipment including M CP IAS 16.73(e),
right-of-use assets IFRS 16.47(a)
Disposals, property, plant and equipment including right-of-use M CP IAS 16.73(e),
assets IFRS 16.47(a)
Retirements, property, plant and equipment including right-of-use M CP IAS 16.73(e),
assets IFRS 16.47(a)
Decrease through classified as held for sale, property, plant and M CP IAS 16.73(e),
Decrease through loss of control of subsidiary, property, plant and M CP IAS 16.73(e),
Property, plant and equipment including right-of-use assets at end of period M CP IAS 1.54(a),
IAS 16.73(e),
IFRS 16.47(a)
Reconciliation of right-of-use assets

88 As noted in paragraph 86(a), some entities disclosed separate reconciliation tables for ‘property, plant and
equipment’ and ‘right-of-use assets’. These entities could use the reconciliation-related elements for ‘property,
plant and equipment’ but might need to create some extensions to tag the separate reconciliation of ‘right-of-use
assets’. The Foundation also reviewed a sample of financial statements in which ‘right-of-use assets’ was
presented separately in the statement of financial position. Most of those entities also disclosed, in the notes, a
reconciliation of the carrying amount of right-of-use assets at the beginning and end of the period, even though
this disclosure is not specifically required by IFRS 16 Leases.
TECHNOLOGY UPDATE
89 The IFRS Accounting Taxonomy has elements for quantitative information about changes in the carrying amount
of right-of-use assets (for example, ‘Depreciation, right-of-use assets’ and ‘Additions to right-of-use assets’).
However, no relationship is indicated between those elements, they are not presented in the Taxonomy in a
reconciliation format, and too few elements are provided to convey a full reconciliation.
90 Consequently, the Foundation added an existing axis and new elements to the table ‘Disclosure of quantitative
information about right-of-use assets [table]’ in the presentation group ‘[832610] Notes – Leases’ to enable
preparers to tag the reconciliation of right-of-use assets. The Foundation sampled 47 entities who presented right-
of-use assets in their statement of financial position to identify commonly reported line items in the
reconciliation of right-of-use assets. The Foundation created elements for commonly reported line items for the
reconciliation, with labels parallel to the equivalent elements in the reconciliation of ‘property, plant and
equipment’. The Foundation did not change the existing set of elements related to providing quantitative
information about right-of-use assets but will also include these elements in the new reconciliation table.
Therefore, it will be unnecessary for entities to change their tagging if they provide no reconciliation of right-of-
use assets.
Axis and members
Element label ER Reference

Classes of assets (A) D IFRS 16.53, …
Carrying amount, accumulated depreciation, amortisation and impairment and gross D IAS 16.73(e), …
carrying amount (A)
Carrying amount (M) D IAS 16.73(e), …
Gross carrying amount (M) D IAS 16.73(d), …
Accumulated depreciation, amortisation and impairment (M) D IAS 16.73(d), …
Accumulated depreciation and amortisation (M) D IAS 16.75(b), …
Accumulated impairment (M) D IFRS 3.B67(d),
…
Line items

Right-of-use assets at beginning of period M D IFRS 16.53(j),
IFRS 16.47(a)
Total increase (decrease) in right-of-use assets M CP IAS 16.73(e),
IFRS 16.53
Additions to right-of-use assets M D IFRS 16.53(h)
Additions other than through business combinations, right-of-use M CP IAS 16.73(e),
assets IFRS 16.53
Acquisitions through business combinations, right-of-use assets M CP IAS 16.73(e),
IFRS 16.53
Increase (decrease) through net exchange differences, right-of-use M CP IAS 16.73(e),
assets IFRS 16.53
Depreciation, right-of-use assets M D IFRS 16.53(a)
Impairment loss recognised in profit or loss, right-of-use assets M CP IAS 16.73(e),
IFRS 16.53
Reversal of impairment loss recognised in profit or loss, right-of-use M CP IAS 16.73(e),
assets IFRS 16.53
Impairment loss recognised in other comprehensive income, right-of-use M CP IAS 16.73(e),
assets IFRS 16.53
Reversal of impairment loss recognised in other comprehensive income, M CP IAS 16.73(e),
right-of-use assets IFRS 16.53
continued...
TECHNOLOGY UPDATE
...continued

Total increase (decrease) through transfers and other changes, right-of- M CP IAS 16.73(e),
use assets IFRS 16.53
Increase (decrease) through transfers, right-of-use assets M CP IAS 16.73(e),
IFRS 16.53
Increase (decrease) through other changes, right-of-use assets M CP IAS 16.73(e),
IFRS 16.53
Total disposals and retirements, right-of-use assets M CP IAS 16.73(e),
IFRS 16.53
Disposals, right-of-use assets M CP IAS 16.73(e),
IFRS 16.53
Retirements, right-of-use assets M CP IAS 16.73(e),
IFRS 16.53
Decrease through classified as held for sale, right-of-use assets M CP IAS 16.73(e),
IFRS 16.53
Decrease through loss of control of subsidiary, right-of-use assets M CP IAS 16.73(e),
IFRS 16.53
Right-of-use assets at end of period M D IFRS 16.53(j),
IFRS 16.47(a)
91 In the Foundation’s view, introducing two reconciliation tables—one for ‘property, plant and equipment
including right-of-use assets’ and another one for ‘right-of-use assets’—could enable the tagging of various types
of reporting patterns, as discussed in paragraph 86.
Reporting practice for disclosing reconciliation Suggested tagging practice

Separate reconciliation tables for ‘property, plant and These entities should use the existing reconciliation
equipment’ and ‘right-of-use assets’ (paragraph 86(a)). table of ‘Property, plant and equipment’ and the new
reconciliation table of ‘Right-of-use assets’.
Single table with separate columns for ‘owned proper- These entities should use the new reconciliation table
ty, plant and equipment’ and ‘right-of-use assets’ of ‘Property, plant and equipment including right-of-
(paragraph 86(b)). use assets’ with the ‘Property, plant and equipment’
and ‘Right-of-use assets’ members under the ‘Property,
plant and equipment including right-of-use assets’
axis.
Single table with separate columns for ‘property, plant These entities should use the new reconciliation table
and equipment including right-of-use assets’ and the of ‘Property, plant and equipment including right-of-
‘right-of-use assets’ component of property, plant and use assets’ with the ‘Property, plant and equipment
equipment including right-of-use assets including right-of-use assets’ and ‘Right-of-use assets’
(paragraph 86(c)). members under the ‘Property, plant and equipment
including right-of-use assets’ axis.
92 The IFRS Accounting Taxonomy includes similar modelling for intangible assets and goodwill. Specifically, there
are separate reconciliations, with similar line items, for:
(a) intangible assets other than goodwill;
(b) goodwill; and
(c) intangible assets and goodwill.
TECHNOLOGY UPDATE
Tagging of fair value of investment property measured at cost

93 Paragraphs 20 and 30 of IAS 40 Investment Property respectively mention the initial and subsequent measurement
of an entity’s investment property.
Measurement at recognition
20 An owned investment property shall be measured initially at its cost. Transaction costs shall be included in
the initial measurement.
...
Measurement after recognition
30 With the exception noted in paragraph 32A, an entity shall choose as its accounting policy either the fair value
model in paragraphs 33–55 or the cost model in paragraph 56 and shall apply that policy to all of its
investment property.
94 Paragraph 79(e) of IAS 40 requires an entity to disclose the fair value of investment property when the entity
applies the cost model to measure the investment property.
79 In addition to the disclosures required by paragraph 75, an entity that applies the cost model in paragraph 56
shall disclose:
...
(e) the fair value of investment property.
...
95 The IFRS Accounting Taxonomy includes these elements:
Element label Documentation label

Investment property The amount of property (land or a building - or part of a building - or
both) held (by the owner or by the lessee as a right-of-use asset) to earn
rentals or for capital appreciation or both, rather than for: (a) use in the
production or supply of goods or services or for administrative purposes;
or (b) sale in the ordinary course of business.
Explanation of whether entity applied The explanation of whether the entity applied the fair value model or
fair value model or cost model to the cost model to measure investment property. [Refer: Fair value model
measure investment property [member]; At cost [member]; Investment property]
96 The element ‘Investment property’ can be used to tag the presented amount of investment property, whether
presented at cost or fair value. In the sample of entities that the Foundation reviewed, most entities presented the
amount of investment property at fair value and a few entities applied the cost model. The Taxonomy includes no
specific element to tag the disclosure of the fair value of the investment property when an entity applies the cost
model as required by paragraph 79(e) of IAS 40.
97 The lack of a specific element in the Taxonomy led to entities using inconsistent tagging practices, which makes
it difficult for users of digital financial reports to use the data:
(a) some entities created extensions to tag the disclosure of the fair value of investment property.
(b) some entities used elements with similar meanings, from other presentation groups. These entities used
the combination of the line item ‘Investment property’ with the ‘Not measured at fair value in statement
of financial position but for which fair value is disclosed’ member under the ‘Measurement’ axis.
TECHNOLOGY UPDATE
Element label Documentation label Reference Presentation group

Investment property The amount of property (land or a IAS 1.54(b), Statement of
building - or part of a building - or both) IAS 40.76, financial position,
held (by the owner or by the lessee as a IAS 40.79(d) Notes – Investment
right-of-use asset) to earn rentals or for property
capital appreciation or both, rather than
for: (a) use in the production or supply of
goods or services or for administrative
purposes; or (b) sale in the ordinary
course of business.
Not measured at fair value This member stands for items not IFRS 13.97 Notes – Fair value
in statement of financial measured at fair value in the statement of measurement
position but for which fair financial position but for which fair value is
value is disclosed disclosed. [Refer: At fair value [member]]
[member]
98 The Foundation created a new monetary element in the presentation group ‘[825100] Notes – Investment
property’.

Fair value of investment property when entity applies cost model M D IAS 40.79(e)
Removal of restrictive text from member documentation labels

99 The IFRS Accounting Taxonomy has an axis for ‘Types of antidilutive instruments’ with some commonly reported
types of antidilutive instruments as members under that axis. These members are ‘Convertible instruments’,
‘Share options’, ‘Contingently issuable shares’, ‘Restricted share units’ and ‘Warrants’.
100 The documentation labels of these members start with the words ‘This member stands for a class of antidilutive
instrument representing …’.
101 Feedback suggests that the documentation labels of these members restrict the members from being used in
other places in the Taxonomy where they might be useful—for example, with the ‘Types of share-based payment
arrangements’ axis. Restricting the use of these member elements to one place only would have no particular
benefit. Therefore, the Foundation changed the documentation labels of these members to delete the reference to
antidilutive instruments.

Convertible instruments (M) This member stands for a class of antidilutive instrument representing
convertible instruments.
Share options (M) This member stands for a class of antidilutive instrument representing
share options.
Contingently issuable shares (M) This member stands for a class of antidilutive instrument representing
contingently issuable shares.
Restricted share units (M) This member stands for a class of antidilutive instrument representing
restricted share units.
Warrants (M) This member stands for a class of antidilutive instrument representing
warrants.
Continuing and discontinued operations axis

102 The IFRS Accounting Taxonomy includes a ‘Continuing and discontinued operations’ axis, for which the default
member is ‘Continuing operations’.
103 Because of the effect of default members in XBRL, the concept of the member ‘Continuing operations’ implies
that all reported facts that do not specify a different value for this axis are, at least notionally, for ‘Continuing
operations’.
TECHNOLOGY UPDATE
104 This implication often does not completely fit that reporting reality. Logical issues also arise when preparers
consider elements, such as ‘Profit (loss) from discontinued operations’, which intrinsically relate to something
other than continuing operations.
105 The Foundation chose the current pattern for the ‘Continuing and discontinued operations’ axis (rather than
having the aggregate of continuing and discontinued operations as the default, for example) because most items
in primary financial statements are typically reported for continuing operations. Therefore, having continuing
operations as the default avoids requiring or accidentally encouraging entities to use the axis for both continuing
and discontinued operations for continuing operations.
106 The intention was for the axis to be considered ‘overridden’ by the nature of the few elements, such as ‘Profit
(loss)’, which are typically provided in the primary financial statements as an aggregate of continuing and
discontinued operations.
107 Unfortunately, a few formulas were included in the formulas accompanying the IFRS Accounting Taxonomy that
erroneously indicate that some elements that specifically relate to continuing operations are equivalent to other
elements that are also intended to capture discontinued operations. Furthermore, the labelling of some of those
elements leaves it unclear that they are intended to also include discontinued operations.
108 The Foundation:
(a) improved the labelling of the default member to clarify that it effectively means ‘unless overridden by the
nature of the concept’;

Continuing operations, unless line This member stands for components of the entity that are not discon-
item indicates otherwise (M) tinued operations. A component of an entity comprises operations and
cash flows that can be clearly distinguished, operationally and for
financial reporting purposes, from the rest of the entity. This meaning
may be overridden for line items which are either intrinsically related
to discontinued operations (or disposal groups held for sale), or which
are typically reported for the aggregate of continuing and discontinued
operations. This member also represents the standard value for the
'Continuing and discontinued operations' axis if no other member is
used. [Refer: Discontinued operations [member]; Aggregate continu-
ing and discontinued operations [member]]
(b) changed the documentation labels to indicate additional elements assumed by default to be other than
continuing operations (that is, elements that override this axis); and

Cash flows from (used in) operating The cash flows from (used in) operating activities, which are the
activities principal revenue-producing activities of the entity and other activities
that are not investing or financing activities, from continuing and
discontinued operations. [Refer: Revenue]
Cash flows from (used in) investing The cash flows from (used in) investing activities, which are the
activities acquisition and disposal of long-term assets and other investments
not included in cash equivalents, from continuing and discontinued
operations.
Cash flows from (used in) financing The cash flows from (used in) financing activities, which are activities
activities that result in changes in the size and composition of the contributed
equity and borrowings of the entity, from continuing and discontinued
operations.
(c) removed from the formulas accompanying the Taxonomy any formulas that imply equivalence between
elements (for example, ‘Cash flows from (used in) operating activities, continuing operations’ being
assumed to be equal to ‘Cash flows from (used in) operating activities’ because of the default of
‘Continuing operations’).
TECHNOLOGY UPDATE
Element label Not necessarily equivalent to

Cash flows from (used in) operating Cash flows from (used in) operating activities, continuing operations
activities
Cash flows from (used in) investing Cash flows from (used in) investing activities, continuing operations
activities
Cash flows from (used in) financing Cash flows from (used in) financing activities, continuing operations
activities
Profit (loss), attributable to owners of Income from continuing operations attributable to owners of parent
parent
Profit (loss), attributable to non- Profit (loss) from continuing operations attributable to non-controlling
controlling interests interests
Technology and architectural changes
Calculation 1.1
109 The XBRL v2.1 specification allows the definition of simple calculation relationships between reporting concepts
(‘summation-item’ links). The IFRS Accounting Taxonomy contains many examples of such relationships.
110 However, the specification has significant flaws, in particular the treatment of duplicate values and application to
rounded values.
111 The ‘Calculations 1.1’ specification reached Recommendation status on 22 February 2023 and provides minor,
incremental improvements to the XBRL v2.1 ‘summation-item’ mechanism, resulting in improved treatment of
rounded and duplicate facts.13,14
112 Adapting the IFRS Accounting Taxonomy to ‘Calculations 1.1’ is straightforward, involving simply replacing all
existing uses of the arcrole ‘http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/summation-item’ with uses of the arcrole ‘https://
xbrl.org/2023/arcrole/summation-item’, and adding a reference to the schema at ‘https://www.xbrl.org/2023/
calculation-1.1.xsd’.
113 Software that checks data against, interprets or displays calculation relationships in the IFRS Accounting
Taxonomy will require updating to conform to the ‘Calculation 1.1’ specification.
114 Consequently, this change is expected to reduce false calculation errors identified by validation software, to
ensure checks are applied even if duplicate values are used, and to identify any inconsistent duplicate values to
preparers. Duplicate values occur if two mutually incompatible values are reported for a single item.
Labelling of axis default members

115 The XBRL specifications (specifically XBRL Dimensions) include a concept of ‘default values’ for axes, as does the
logical data model used for the IFRS Accounting Taxonomy that is largely based on those specifications. Such
default values (default members) are not reported for individual facts in XBRL, but instead are assumed to be
present for all facts that do not specify a (non-default) value for that axis.
116 Default values are a technical mechanism to simplify the intersection between items reported using an axis and
those reported without using an axis. In particular, default values ensure that a figure reported as a simple line
item in a primary financial statement and also reported as the ‘total’ figure in a breakdown of that item by some
aspect in the notes can be tagged identically (for example, property, plant and equipment and a breakdown of
that by class of asset in the notes). These two figures can be tagged identically without requiring the same fact to
be represented in two different ways while the dimensional relationship to the breakdown figures remains clear.
117 Therefore, the default value is typically used both for the ‘total’ figure of the breakdown and for a figure shown
without a breakdown in the primary financial statements (because these figures are typically identical, being
conceptually the same fact).
13 See https://specifications.xbrl.org/work-product-index-calculations-2-calculations-1-1.html.
14 Specifications reach ‘Recommendation status’ after gathering sufficient implementation and deployment experience, and no additional
development of the specification is necessary, and, after re-issuance of the specification, no further issues are identified with the
specification. Recommendations are stable and will only be updated with errata corrections for defects uncovered in the drafting.
TECHNOLOGY UPDATE
118 However, in other cases, the typical ‘total’ for the breakdown might not be equivalent to the figure shown in the
primary financial statements if the axis is not used. This lack of equivalency would affect an entity’s disclosure if
the axis is used to indicate a particular subset of the scope of that disclosure. In such cases, the axis will typically
have a default member broadly indicating that the axis is not applicable, and a first child of that default member
that is intended to represent the sum of all possible specific entries on the axis. For example, the ‘Associates’ axis
has a default member ‘Entity’s total for associates’, which will technically be associated with any concept to
which the axis is not applied. The axis has a member below this default member called ‘Associates’ which is
intended to represent the sum of all associates, with preparers being expected to add entity-specific entries for
specific associates beneath this member.
Element label
Associates (A)
Entity’s total for associates (M)
Associates (M)
119 In most cases, axis default values are best thought of conceptually as conveying ‘not applicable’ rather than
conveying a default value, and in many cases, ‘not applicable’ might also be considered equivalent to ‘all’.
120 The naming of the default members for explicit dimensions in the IFRS Accounting Taxonomy lacks a specific
pattern. These members can only be identified after inspecting the top level of the axis and the related members’
hierarchical structure found in dimension linkbases, or equivalently in the presentation group ‘[990000] Axis -
Defaults’. Examples of the various patterns used in naming default members include:
Element label
Accounting estimates (A)
Accounting estimates (M)
Agricultural produce by group (A)
Agricultural produce, group (M)
Attribution of expenses by nature to their function (A)
Line items by function (M)
Categories of financial assets (A)
Financial assets, category (M)
Classes of assets (A)
Assets (M)
Components of equity (A)
Equity (M)
Continuing involvement in derecognised financial assets by type of instrument (A)
Types of instrument (M)
Fair value as deemed cost (A)
Aggregate of fair values (M)
Levels of fair value hierarchy (A)
All levels of fair value hierarchy (M)
Major customers (A)
Customers (M)
Maturity (A)
Aggregated time bands (M)
Measurement (A)
Aggregated measurement (M)
Reserves within equity (A)
continued...
TECHNOLOGY UPDATE
...continued
Element label
Other reserves (M)
Types of antidilutive instruments (A)
Antidilutive instruments (M)
Types of financial assets (A)
Financial assets, type (M)
Types of interest rates (A)
Interest rate types (M)
121 It is frequently unclear to preparers whether these default members are meant to convey information about
items that do not specify a different value, are meant to represent a total figure for a breakdown or are purely
‘non-informational’ values (representing ‘not applicable’ or similar). Non-informational default elements simply
convey that the axis breakdown is not applicable to a fact.
122 The Foundation simplified the identification of non-informational default elements by replacing them with
elements labelled to match the axis but with the suffix ‘[domain]’ instead of ‘[axis]’.15
123 This approach will clearly distinguish non-informational defaults from ‘informational’ defaults. Informational
defaults exist on some axes, where they indicate that all reported data items should be assumed to have that
characteristic unless otherwise indicated. These informational defaults are:
Element label
Assets and liabilities classified as held for sale (A)
Assets and liabilities not classified as held for sale (M)
Carrying amount, accumulated depreciation, amortisation and impairment and gross carrying amount (A)
Carrying amount (M)
Consolidated and separate financial statements (A)
Consolidated (M)
Continuing and discontinued operations (A)
Continuing operations (M)
Creation date (A)
Default financial statements date (M)
Cumulative effect at date of initial application (A)
Opening balance before adjustment, cumulative effect at date of initial application (M)
Currency in which information is displayed (A)
Functional or presentation currency (M)
Departure from requirements of IFRS (A)
Currently stated (M)
Effect of adjustments made when entity changed basis of disaggregation of insurance finance income (expenses)
between profit or loss and other comprehensive income for contracts with direct participation features (A)
Redesignation (A)
Redesignated (M)
Retrospective application and retrospective restatement (A)
15 This is the approach currently taken by the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s US GAAP Taxonomy. This approach is illustrated in
the accompanying illustrative IFRS Accounting Taxonomy files.
TECHNOLOGY UPDATE
124 If elements were used both as non-informational defaults for one axis and as non-default elements elsewhere, the
Foundation retained those elements in their existing form in the locations where they were non-default members
and created new elements to be used as the default members. For example, the ‘Ordinary shares’ member is used
as a meaningful concept in the ‘Classes of share capital’ axis, where it represents one type of share capital as
opposed to any other. However, it is also used as the non-informational default member of the ‘Classes of
ordinary shares’ axis, where logically it cannot have the same meaning, because not all facts associated with that
axis relate to ordinary shares. Members used in this manner are:
Element label
Intangible assets other than goodwill (M)
Investment property (M)
Investments in equity instruments designated at fair value through other comprehensive income (M)
Ordinary shares (M)
Other reserves (M)
Property, plant and equipment (M)
TECHNOLOGY UPDATE
Appendix A—IFRS® Accounting Taxonomy content terminology

This appendix briefly explains the IFRS Accounting Taxonomy terms used in this document.
Core content—IFRS Accounting Taxonomy elements

The IFRS Accounting Taxonomy contains elements that These IFRS Accounting Taxonomy elements have:
represent disclosures in financial statements prepared in
• element names and element identifiers—unique
accordance with IFRS Accounting Standards.
computer tags used to identify and mark up the data.
These elements are described using:
• element standard labels—human-readable names
• line items—which represent the accounting concepts reflecting the accounting meaning of an element. Some
being reported. They can be either numerical, for elements have additional labels that provide more specif-
example, ‘Assets’, ‘Property, plant and equipment’; or ic descriptions to show a total (total label), for example,
narrative, reflecting the figures and narrative reported, or to distinguish between opening and closing balances
for example, ‘Description of accounting policy for (period start and end labels). Such additional labels do
government grants’. not alter the accounting meaning of the element but are
used for displaying IFRS Accounting Taxonomy presenta-
• axes and members—information categories and
tion relationships.
components that accounting concepts can be broken
down into or reported by, for example, ‘Classes of • element types (ET)—categories of permitted data values,
property, plant and equipment’. Axes in the IFRS for example, text (T), text block (TB), monetary (M),
Accounting Taxonomy have a default member that Boolean (B), extensible enumeration (EE), set-valued
applies whenever a preparer does not combine a line extensible enumeration (Set EE), decimal (Dec), percent-
item with a specific member to tag the value of a disclo- age (Per) and duration (Dur).
sure.
• text element types are used for narrative disclosures.
• tables—logical groupings of IFRS Accounting Taxonomy They are also used when IFRS Accounting Standards
axes, members and line items. do not specify the details of a disclosure require-
ment, but a preparer is expected to express that
disclosure requirement in a free-text format.
• text block element types are used for a set of

information that may include, for example, numeri-
cal disclosures, narrative explanations and tables.
• element properties, such as:
• the period—which indicates whether the element is

expected to be reported for a period of time
(duration) or at a particular point in time (instant);
and
• the balance—which indicates whether the element is

generally expected to be reported as a credit or a
debit.
TECHNOLOGY UPDATE
Supporting content—Documentation and references for IFRS Accounting Taxonomy elements

The IFRS Accounting Taxonomy provides supporting content This content includes:
explaining the accounting meaning of an element.
• references—which link an element to the authoritative
literature, for example, IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts with
Customers.
• element reference types (ER)—which define the source

of an element, for example, disclosure (D), example (E)
and common practice (CP).
• documentation labels—which provide a textual defini-

tion of each element. The sources of these definitions are
the IFRS Accounting Standards and their accompanying
materials, when available.
• guidance labels—which are implementation notes that

help preparers to correctly use IFRS Accounting Taxono-
my elements in an electronic report.
Supporting content—Relationships between IFRS Accounting Taxonomy elements (linkbases)

The IFRS Accounting Taxonomy calculation linkbase For example, this content includes:
explains how elements may relate mathematically to each
• summations of elements to a total or subtotal; and
other.
• formulas to show that an element is a ratio of other
taxonomy elements.
The IFRS Accounting Taxonomy uses the presentation The IFRS Accounting Taxonomy has specific presentation
linkbase to provide presentation views under which the line elements:
items, axes and members (or a combination of these
• headings (abstract elements); and
elements as tables) have been grouped. These presentation
views enable human-readable viewing and navigation of the • presentation groups.
IFRS Accounting Taxonomy.
These elements are not used when tagging financial
statements. These headings and presentation groups also
have standard labels.
The IFRS Accounting Taxonomy uses the definition linkbase For example, the content includes:
to provide views under which the combined line items, axes
• a definition for each table; and
and members (tables) have been grouped. These views
enable the computer-readable use of the IFRS Accounting • a default member for each axis.
Taxonomy.
TECHNOLOGY UPDATE
Appendix B—Documentation labels for new elements

This appendix shows the documentation labels for the new IFRS Accounting Taxonomy elements.
Statement of financial position
Presentation of financial assets by shared characteristics (paragraphs 8–24)
Element label Documentation label ER Reference

Loans and advances at fair value through The amount of loans and advances the entity has CP IAS 1.55
profit or loss, classified as held for trading made at fair value through profit or loss, classified
as held for trading. [Refer: Loans and advances;
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss,
classified as held for trading]
Loans and advances to banks at fair value The amount of loans and advances the entity has CP IAS 1.55
through profit or loss, classified as held for made to banks at fair value through profit or loss,
trading classified as held for trading. [Refer: Loans and
advances to banks; Financial assets at fair value
through profit or loss, classified as held for trading]
Loans and advances to customers at fair The amount of loans and advances the entity has CP IAS 1.55
value through profit or loss, classified as made to customers at fair value through profit or
held for trading loss, classified as held for trading. [Refer: Loans
and advances to customers; Financial assets at fair
value through profit or loss, classified as held for
trading]
Debt instruments held at fair value through The amount of instruments representing indebted- CP IAS 1.55
profit or loss, classified as held for trading ness held by the entity at fair value through profit or
loss, classified as held for trading. [Refer: Debt
instruments held; Financial assets at fair value
through profit or loss, classified as held for trading]
Equity instruments held at fair value The amount of instruments held by the entity that CP IAS 1.55
through profit or loss, classified as held for provide evidence of a residual interest in the assets
trading of another entity after deducting all of its liabilities,
classified as held for trading. [Refer: Equity instru-
ments held; Financial assets at fair value through
profit or loss, classified as held for trading]
Financial assets at fair value through profit The amount of financial assets mandatorily CP IAS 1.55
or loss, mandatorily measured at fair measured at fair value through profit or loss in
value, other than those classified as held accordance with IFRS 9, other than those classified
for trading as held for trading. [Refer: Financial assets at fair
value through profit or loss, mandatorily measured
at fair value]
Loans and advances at fair value through The amount of loans and advances the entity has CP IAS 1.55
profit or loss, mandatorily measured at fair made that are mandatorily measured at fair value
value, other than those classified as held through profit or loss in accordance with IFRS 9,
for trading other than those classified as held for trading.
[Refer: Loans and advances; Financial assets at fair
value through profit or loss, mandatorily measured
at fair value, other than those classified as held for
trading]
continued...
TECHNOLOGY UPDATE
...continued

Loans and advances to banks at fair value The amount of loans and advances the entity has CP IAS 1.55
through profit or loss, mandatorily made to banks that are mandatorily measured at
measured at fair value, other than those fair value through profit or loss in accordance with
classified as held for trading IFRS 9, other than those classified as held for
trading. [Refer: Loans and advances to banks;
mandatorily measured at fair value, other than those
Loans and advances to customers at fair The amount of loans and advances the entity has CP IAS 1.55
value through profit or loss, mandatorily made to customers that are mandatorily measured
measured at fair value, other than those at fair value through profit or loss in accordance with
classified as held for trading IFRS 9, other than those classified as held for
trading. [Refer: Loans and advances to customers;
Debt instruments held at fair value through The amount of instruments representing indebted- CP IAS 1.55
profit or loss, mandatorily measured at fair ness held by the entity that are mandatorily
value, other than those classified as held measured at fair value through profit or loss in
for trading accordance with IFRS 9, other than those classified
as held for trading. [Refer: Debt instruments held;
Equity instruments held at fair value The amount of instruments held by the entity that CP IAS 1.55
through profit or loss, mandatorily provide evidence of a residual interest in the assets
measured at fair value, other than those of another entity after deducting all of its liabilities,
classified as held for trading mandatorily measured at fair value through profit or
loss in accordance with IFRS 9, other than those
classified as held for trading. [Refer: Equity instru-
ments held; Financial assets at fair value through
profit or loss, mandatorily measured at fair value,
other than those classified as held for trading]
Loans and advances measured at fair The amount of loans and advances the entity has CP IAS 1.55
value through other comprehensive made that are measured at fair value through other
income comprehensive income. [Refer: Loans and
advances; Financial assets measured at fair value
through other comprehensive income]
Loans and advances to banks measured The amount of loans and advances the entity has CP IAS 1.55
at fair value through other comprehensive made to banks that are measured at fair value
income through other comprehensive income. [Refer: Loans
and advances to banks; Financial assets measured
at fair value through other comprehensive income]
Loans and advances to customers The amount of loans and advances the entity has CP IAS 1.55
measured at fair value through other made to customers that are measured at fair value
comprehensive income through other comprehensive income. [Refer: Loans
and advances to customers; Financial assets
measured at fair value through other comprehensive
income]
continued...
TECHNOLOGY UPDATE
...continued

Debt instruments held measured at fair The amount of instruments representing indebted- CP IAS 1.55
value through other comprehensive ness held by the entity that are measured at fair
income value through other comprehensive income. [Refer:
Debt instruments held; Financial assets measured
at fair value through other comprehensive income]
Loans and advances at amortised cost The amount of loans and advances the entity has CP IAS 1.55
made at amortised cost. [Refer: Loans and
advances; Financial assets at amortised cost]
Loans and advances to banks at The amount of loans and advances the entity has CP IAS 1.55
amortised cost made to banks at amortised cost. [Refer: Loans and
advances to banks; Financial assets at amortised
cost]
Loans and advances to customers at The amount of loans and advances the entity has CP IAS 1.55
amortised cost made to customers at amortised cost. [Refer: Loans
and advances to customers; Financial assets at
amortised cost]
Debt instruments held at amortised cost The amount of instruments representing indebted- CP IAS 1.55
ness held by the entity at amortised cost. [Refer:
Debt instruments held; Financial assets at
amortised cost]
Commonly reported classes of financial assets (paragraphs 25–26)

Loans and advances The amount of loans and advances the entity has CP IAS 1.55
made.
Loans and advances to central banks The amount of loans and advances the entity has CP IAS 1.55
made to central banks.
Loans and advances to other credit institu- The amount of loans and advances the entity has CP IAS 1.55
tions made to other credit institutions.
Credit card loans The amount of credit card loans made by the entity. CP IAS 1.55
Mortgage loans The amount of mortgage loans made by the entity. CP IAS 1.55
Allowance for expected credit losses (paragraphs 27–29)

Loans and advances at amortised cost, The amount of loans and advances the entity has CP IAS 1.55
gross carrying amount made that are measured in accordance with
paragraph 4.1.2 of IFRS 9, before deducting any
accumulated credit losses thereon.
Loans and advances at amortised cost, The amount of the loss allowance the entity has CP IAS 1.55
allowance for expected credit losses made on loans and advances that are measured in
accordance with paragraph 4.1.2 of IFRS 9.
Presentation of financial liabilities by shared characteristics (paragraphs 30–31)

Deposits at fair value through profit or loss The amount of deposit liabilities held by the entity at CP IAS 1.55
that meet definition of held for trading fair value through profit or loss that meet the defini-
tion of held for trading. [Refer: Financial liabilities at
fair value through profit or loss that meet definition
of held for trading]
continued...
TECHNOLOGY UPDATE
...continued

Deposits from banks at fair value through The amount of deposit liabilities from banks held by CP IAS 1.55
profit or loss that meet definition of held for the entity at fair value through profit or loss that
trading meet the definition of held for trading. [Refer:
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss
that meet definition of held for trading]
Deposits from customers at fair value The amount of deposit liabilities from customers CP IAS 1.55
through profit or loss that meet definition held by the entity at fair value through profit or loss
of held for trading that meet the definition of held for trading. [Refer:
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss
that meet definition of held for trading]
Deposits at fair value through profit or The amount of deposit liabilities held by the entity at CP IAS 1.55
loss, designated upon initial recognition or fair value through profit or loss that were designated
subsequently as such upon initial recognition or subsequently.
[Refer: Financial liabilities at fair value through profit
or loss, designated upon initial recognition or
subsequently]
Deposits from banks at fair value through The amount of deposit liabilities from banks held by CP IAS 1.55
profit or loss, designated upon initial the entity at fair value through profit or loss that
recognition or subsequently were designated as such upon initial recognition or
subsequently. [Refer: Financial liabilities at fair value
through profit or loss, designated upon initial
recognition or subsequently]
Deposits from customers at fair value The amount of deposit liabilities from customers CP IAS 1.55
through profit or loss, designated upon held by the entity at fair value through profit or loss
initial recognition or subsequently that were designated as such upon initial recogni-
tion or subsequently. [Refer: Financial liabilities at
fair value through profit or loss, designated upon
initial recognition or subsequently]
Debt instruments issued at fair value The amount of instruments issued by the entity that CP IAS 1.55
through profit or loss, designated upon represent indebtedness at fair value through profit
initial recognition or subsequently or loss that were designated as such upon initial
recognition or subsequently. [Refer: Financial liabili-
ties at fair value through profit or loss, designated
upon initial recognition or subsequently]
Deposits at amortised cost The amount of deposit liabilities held by the entity at CP IAS 1.55
amortised cost. [Refer: Financial liabilities at
amortised cost]
Deposits from banks at amortised cost The amount of deposit liabilities from banks held by CP IAS 1.55
the entity at amortised cost. [Refer: Financial liabili-
ties at amortised cost]
Deposits from customers at amortised The amount of deposit liabilities from customers CP IAS 1.55
cost held by the entity at amortised cost. [Refer:
Financial liabilities at amortised cost]
Debt instruments issued at amortised cost The amount of instruments issued by the entity that CP IAS 1.55
represent indebtedness at amortised cost. [Refer:
Financial liabilities at amortised cost]
Subordinated liabilities at amortised cost The amount of liabilities that are subordinate to CP IAS 1.55
other liabilities with respect to claims at amortised
cost. [Refer: Financial liabilities at amortised cost]
TECHNOLOGY UPDATE
Commonly reported classes of financial liabilities (paragraph 32)

Deposit liabilities The amount of deposit liabilities held by the entity. CP IAS 1.55
Statement of cash flows

Cash flows from operating activities—Indirect method (paragraphs 34–44)

Adjustments for impairment losses Adjustments for impairment losses (reversal of CP IAS 7.20
(reversal of impairment losses) recognised impairment losses) on financial assets recognised
in profit or loss, financial assets in profit or loss to reconcile profit (loss) to net cash
flow from (used in) operating activities. [Refer:
Adjustments for impairment loss (reversal of impair-
ment loss) recognised in profit or loss]
Adjustments for gains (losses) on change Adjustments for gains (losses) on changes in the CP IAS 7.20
in fair value of financial assets fair value of financial assets to reconcile profit (loss)
to net cash flow from (used in) operating activities.
Adjustments for gains (losses) on change Adjustments for gains (losses) on changes in the CP IAS 7.20
in fair value of financial liabilities fair value of financial liabilities to reconcile profit
(loss) to net cash flow from (used in) operating
activities.
Adjustments for gains (losses) on disposal Adjustments for gain (loss) on disposals of financial CP IAS 7.20
of financial assets assets in the scope of IFRS 9 to reconcile profit
activities.
Cash flows from operating activities—Direct method (paragraphs 45–48)

Payments relating to royalties, fees and The cash outflow from royalties, fees and commis- CP IAS 7.14
commissions sions.
Interest received from loans and The cash inflow from interest received from loans CP IAS 7.31
advances, classified as operating activities and advances, classified as operating activities.
Interest received from debt instruments The cash inflow from interest received from debt CP IAS 7.31
held, classified as operating activities instruments held, classified as operating activities.
Interest paid on deposit liabilities, classi- The cash outflow for interest paid on deposit liabili- CP IAS 7.31
fied as operating activities ties, classified as operating activities.
Recoveries on loans previously written off The cash inflow from the recoveries on loans that E IAS 7 - B
were previously written off. Statement of cash
flows for a financial
institution
Cash flows from operating activities—Changes in operating assets and liabilities (paragraphs 49–56)

Adjustments for decrease (increase) in Adjustments for decrease (increase) in financial CP IAS 7.20
financial assets measured at amortised assets measured at amortised cost to reconcile
cost profit (loss) to net cash flow from (used in) operating
activities. [Refer: Financial assets; Financial assets
at amortised cost; Profit (loss)]
continued...
TECHNOLOGY UPDATE
...continued

financial assets measured at fair value assets measured at fair value through other
through other comprehensive income comprehensive income to reconcile profit (loss) to
net cash flow from (used in) operating activities.
[Refer: Financial assets; Financial assets at fair
value through other comprehensive income; Profit
(loss)]
financial assets measured at fair value assets measured at fair value through profit or loss
through profit or loss to reconcile profit (loss) to net cash flow from (used
in) operating activities. [Refer: Financial assets;
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss;
Profit (loss)]
financial assets at fair value through profit assets at fair value through profit or loss that were
or loss, designated upon initial recognition designated upon initial recognition or subsequently
or subsequently to reconcile profit (loss) to net cash flow from (used
in) operating activities. [Refer: Financial assets;
designated upon initial recognition or subsequently;
Profit (loss)]
financial assets at fair value through profit assets at fair value through profit or loss that are
or loss, mandatorily measured at fair value mandatorily measured at fair value to reconcile
profit (loss) to net cash flow from (used in) operating
activities. [Refer: Financial assets; Financial assets
at fair value through profit or loss, mandatorily
measured at fair value; Profit (loss)]
Adjustments for decrease (increase) in Adjustments for decrease (increase) in loans and CP IAS 7.20
loans and advances advances to reconcile profit (loss) to net cash flow
from (used in) operating activities. [Refer: Loans
and advances; Profit (loss)]
Adjustments for decrease (increase) in Adjustments for decrease (increase) in loans and CP IAS 7.20
loans and advances to central banks advances to central banks to reconcile profit (loss)
to net cash flow from (used in) operating activities.
[Refer: Loans and advances to central banks; Profit
(loss)]
Adjustments for decrease (increase) in Adjustments for decrease (increase) in debt instru- CP IAS 7.20
debt instruments held ments held to reconcile profit (loss) to net cash flow
from (used in) operating activities. [Refer: Debt
instruments held; Profit (loss)]
Adjustments for decrease (increase) in Adjustments for decrease (increase) in equity instru- CP IAS 7.20
equity instruments held ments held to reconcile profit (loss) to net cash flow
from (used in) operating activities. [Refer: Equity
instruments held; Profit (loss)]
other financial assets assets that the entity does not separately disclose
in the same statement or note to reconcile profit
activities. [Refer: Other financial assets; Profit
(loss)]
continued...
TECHNOLOGY UPDATE
...continued

Adjustments for increase (decrease) in Adjustments for increase (decrease) in financial CP IAS 7.20
financial liabilities measured at amortised liabilities measured at amortised cost to reconcile
cost profit (loss) to net cash flow from (used in) operating
activities. [Refer: Financial liabilities; Financial liabili-
ties at amortised cost; Profit (loss)]
financial liabilities measured at fair value liabilities measured at fair value through profit or
through profit or loss loss to reconcile profit (loss) to net cash flow from
(used in) operating activities. [Refer: Financial liabili-
ties; Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or
loss; Profit (loss)]
financial liabilities at fair value through liabilities measured at fair value through profit or
profit or loss, designated upon initial loss that were designated upon initial recognition or
recognition or subsequently subsequently to reconcile profit (loss) to net cash
flow from (used in) operating activities. [Refer:
Financial liabilities; Financial liabilities at fair value
through profit or loss, designated upon initial
recognition or subsequently; Profit (loss)]
Adjustments for increase (decrease) in Adjustments for increase (decrease) in deposit CP IAS 7.20
deposits liabilities to reconcile profit (loss) to net cash flow
from (used in) operating activities. [Refer: Deposit
liabilities; Profit (loss)]
Adjustments for increase (decrease) in Adjustments for increase (decrease) in debt instru- CP IAS 7.20
debt instruments issued ments issued to reconcile profit (loss) to net cash
flow from (used in) operating activities. [Refer: Debt
instrument issued; Profit (loss)]
other financial liabilities liabilities that the entity does not separately disclose
in the same statement or note to reconcile profit
activities. [Refer: Other financial liabilities; Profit
(loss)]
Cash flows from investing activities (paragraphs 57–60)

Purchase of financial assets measured at The cash outflow for the purchase of financial CP IAS 7.16
amortised cost, classified as investing assets measured at amortised cost, classified as
activities investing activities.
fair value through other comprehensive assets measured at fair value through other
income, classified as investing activities comprehensive income, classified as investing
activities.
fair value through profit or loss, classified assets measured at fair value through profit or loss,
as investing activities classified as investing activities.
Proceeds from sales or maturity of The cash inflow from sales or maturity of financial CP IAS 7.16
financial assets measured at amortised assets measured at amortised cost, classified as
cost, classified as investing activities investing activities.
continued...
TECHNOLOGY UPDATE
...continued

financial assets measured at fair value assets measured at fair value through other
through other comprehensive income, comprehensive income, classified as investing
classified as investing activities activities.
financial assets measured at fair value assets measured at fair value through profit or loss,
through profit or loss, classified as invest- classified as investing activities.
ing activities
Cash flows from financing activities (paragraphs 61–64)

Proceeds from issue of regulatory capital, The cash inflow from the issue of regulatory capital, CP IAS 7.17
financial liabilities classified as financial liabilities.
Repayments of regulatory capital, financial The cash outflow for the repayments of regulatory CP IAS 7.17
liabilities capital, classified as financial liabilities.
Proceeds from issue of regulatory capital, The cash inflow from the issue of regulatory capital, CP IAS 7.17
equity classified as equity instruments.
Repayments of regulatory capital, equity The cash outflow for the repayments of regulatory CP IAS 7.17
capital, classified as equity instruments.
Reconciliation of property, plant and equipment including right-of-use assets (paragraphs 85–92)

Property, plant and equipment including This member stands for a class of asset represent- CP IAS 16.73(e),
right-of-use assets (M) ing property, plant and equipment including right-of- IFRS 16.47(a)
use assets whose underlying assets would be
presented as property, plant and equipment if they
were owned. [Refer: Property, plant and equipment
including right-of-use assets]
Total increase (decrease) in property, plant The increase (decrease) in property, plant and CP IAS 16.73(e),
and equipment including right-of-use equipment including right-of-use assets. [Refer: IFRS 16.47(a)
assets Property, plant and equipment including right-of-use
assets]
Additions other than through business The amount of additions to property, plant and CP IAS 16.73(e),
combinations, property, plant and equipment including right-of-use assets other than IFRS 16.47(a)
equipment including right-of-use assets those acquired through business combinations.
[Refer: Business combinations [member]; Property,
plant and equipment including right-of-use assets]
Acquisitions through business combina- The increase in property, plant and equipment CP IAS 16.73(e),
tions, property, plant and equipment including right-of-use assets resulting from acquisi- IFRS 16.47(a)
including right-of-use assets tions through business combinations. [Refer:
Business combinations [member]; Property, plant
and equipment including right-of-use assets]
continued...
TECHNOLOGY UPDATE
...continued

Increase (decrease) through net exchange The increase (decrease) in property, plant and CP IAS 16.73(e),
differences, property, plant and equipment equipment including right-of-use assets resulting IFRS 16.47(a)
including right-of-use assets from net exchange differences arising on the
translation of the financial statements from the
functional currency into a different presentation
currency, including the translation of a foreign
operation into the presentation currency of the
reporting entity. [Refer: Property, plant and
equipment including right-of-use assets]
Depreciation, property, plant and The amount of depreciation of property, plant and CP IAS 16.73(e),
equipment including right-of-use assets equipment including right-of-use assets. [Refer: IFRS 16.47(a)
Depreciation and amortisation expense; Property,
plant and equipment including right-of-use assets]
Impairment loss recognised in profit or The amount of impairment loss recognised in profit CP IAS 16.73(e),
loss, property, plant and equipment includ- or loss for property, plant and equipment including IFRS 16.47(a)
ing right-of-use assets right-of-use assets. [Refer: Impairment loss
recognised in profit or loss; Property, plant and
Reversal of impairment loss recognised in The amount of reversal of impairment loss CP IAS 16.73(e),
profit or loss, property, plant and recognised in profit or loss for property, plant and IFRS 16.47(a)
equipment including right-of-use assets equipment including right-of-use assets. [Refer:
Reversal of impairment loss recognised in profit or
loss; Property, plant and equipment including right-
of-use assets]
Revaluation increase (decrease), property, The increase (decrease) in property, plant and CP IAS 16.73(e),
plant and equipment including right-of-use equipment including right-of-use assets resulting IFRS 16.47(a)
assets from revaluations to fair value. [Refer: Property,
plant and equipment including right-of-use assets;
Revaluation surplus]
Impairment loss recognised in other The amount of impairment loss recognised in other CP IAS 16.73(e),
comprehensive income, property, plant comprehensive income for property, plant and IFRS 16.47(a)
and equipment including right-of-use equipment including right-of-use assets. [Refer:
assets Impairment loss recognised in other comprehensive
income; Property, plant and equipment including
right-of-use assets]
other comprehensive income, property, recognised in other comprehensive income for IFRS 16.47(a)
plant and equipment including right-of-use property, plant and equipment including right-of-use
assets assets. [Refer: Reversal of impairment loss
recognised in other comprehensive income; Proper-
ty, plant and equipment including right-of-use
assets]
Total increase (decrease) through The increase (decrease) in property, plant and CP IAS 16.73(e),
transfers and other changes, property, equipment including right-of-use assets resulting IFRS 16.47(a)
plant and equipment including right-of-use from transfers and changes that the entity does not
assets separately disclose in the same statement or note.
[Refer: Property, plant and equipment including
Increase (decrease) through transfers, The increase (decrease) in property, plant and CP IAS 16.73(e),
property, plant and equipment including equipment including right-of-use assets resulting IFRS 16.47(a)
right-of-use assets from transfers. [Refer: Property, plant and
continued...
TECHNOLOGY UPDATE
...continued

Increase (decrease) through transfers The increase (decrease) in property, plant and CP IAS 16.73(e),
from (to) investment property, property, equipment including right-of-use assets resulting IFRS 16.47(a)
plant and equipment including right-of-use from transfers from (to) investment property. [Refer:
assets; Investment property]
Increase (decrease) through transfers The increase (decrease) in property, plant and CP IAS 16.73(e),
from construction in progress, property, equipment including right-of-use assets resulting IFRS 16.47(a)
plant and equipment including right-of-use from transfers from construction in progress. [Refer:
assets; Construction in progress]
Increase (decrease) through other The increase (decrease) in property, plant and CP IAS 16.73(e),
changes, property, plant and equipment equipment including right-of-use assets resulting IFRS 16.47(a)
including right-of-use assets from changes that the entity does not separately
disclose in the same statement or note. [Refer:
Property, plant and equipment including right-of-use
assets]
Total disposals and retirements, property, The decrease in property, plant and equipment CP IAS 16.73(e),
plant and equipment including right-of-use including right-of-use assets resulting from dispos- IFRS 16.47(a)
assets als and retirements. [Refer: Property, plant and
Disposals, property, plant and equipment The decrease in property, plant and equipment CP IAS 16.73(e),
including right-of-use assets including right-of-use assets resulting from dispos- IFRS 16.47(a)
als. [Refer: Property, plant and equipment including
Retirements, property, plant and The decrease in property, plant and equipment CP IAS 16.73(e),
equipment including right-of-use assets including right-of-use assets resulting from retire- IFRS 16.47(a)
ments. [Refer: Property, plant and equipment includ-
ing right-of-use assets]
Decrease through classified as held for The decrease in property, plant and equipment CP IAS 16.73(e),
sale, property, plant and equipment includ- including right-of-use assets through classification IFRS 16.47(a)
ing right-of-use assets as held for sale or inclusion in a disposal group
classified as held for sale. [Refer: Disposal groups
classified as held for sale [member]; Property, plant
and equipment including right-of-use assets;
Disposal groups classified as held for sale
[member]]
Decrease through loss of control of The decrease in property, plant and equipment CP IAS 16.73(e),
subsidiary, property, plant and equipment including right-of-use assets resulting from the loss IFRS 16.47(a)
including right-of-use assets of control of a subsidiary. [Refer: Property, plant and
Total increase (decrease) in right-of-use The increase (decrease) in right-of-use assets. CP IAS 16.73(e),
assets [Refer: Right-of-use assets] IFRS 16.53
Additions other than through business The amount of additions to right-of-use assets other CP IAS 16.73(e),
combinations, right-of-use assets than those acquired through business combinations. IFRS 16.53
[Refer: Business combinations [member]; Right-of-
use assets]
Acquisitions through business combina- The increase in right-of-use assets resulting from CP IAS 16.73(e),
tions, right-of-use assets acquisitions through business combinations. [Refer: IFRS 16.53
Business combinations [member]; Right-of-use
assets]
continued...
TECHNOLOGY UPDATE
...continued

Increase (decrease) through net exchange The increase (decrease) in right-of-use assets CP IAS 16.73(e),
differences, right-of-use assets resulting from net exchange differences arising on IFRS 16.53
the translation of the financial statements from the
functional currency into a different presentation
currency, including the translation of a foreign
operation into the presentation currency of the
reporting entity. [Refer: Right-of-use assets]
Impairment loss recognised in profit or The amount of impairment loss recognised in profit CP IAS 16.73(e),
loss, right-of-use assets or loss for right-of-use assets. [Refer: Impairment IFRS 16.53
loss recognised in profit or loss; Right-of-use
assets]
profit or loss, right-of-use assets recognised in profit or loss for right-of-use assets. IFRS 16.53
[Refer: Reversal of impairment loss recognised in
profit or loss; Right-of-use assets]
Impairment loss recognised in other The amount of impairment loss recognised in other CP IAS 16.73(e),
comprehensive income, right-of-use comprehensive income for right-of-use assets. IFRS 16.53
assets [Refer: Impairment loss recognised in other compre-
hensive income; Right-of-use assets]
other comprehensive income, right-of-use recognised in other comprehensive income for right- IFRS 16.53
assets of-use assets. [Refer: Reversal of impairment loss
recognised in other comprehensive income; Right-
of-use assets]
Total increase (decrease) through The increase (decrease) in right-of-use assets CP IAS 16.73(e),
transfers and other changes, right-of-use resulting from transfers and changes that the entity IFRS 16.53
assets does not separately disclose in the same statement
or note. [Refer: Right-of-use assets]
Increase (decrease) through transfers, The increase (decrease) in right-of-use assets CP IAS 16.73(e),
right-of-use assets resulting from transfers. [Refer: Right-of-use assets] IFRS 16.53
Increase (decrease) through other The increase (decrease) in right-of-use assets CP IAS 16.73(e),
changes, right-of-use assets resulting from changes that the entity does not IFRS 16.53
separately disclose in the same statement or note.
[Refer: Right-of-use assets]
Total disposals and retirements, right-of- The decrease in right-of-use assets resulting from CP IAS 16.73(e),
use assets disposals and retirements. [Refer: Right-of-use IFRS 16.53
assets]
Disposals, right-of-use assets The decrease in right-of-use assets resulting from CP IAS 16.73(e),
disposals. [Refer: Right-of-use assets] IFRS 16.53
Retirements, right-of-use assets The decrease in right-of-use assets resulting from CP IAS 16.73(e),
retirements. [Refer: Right-of-use assets] IFRS 16.53
Decrease through classified as held for The decrease in right-of-use assets through classifi- CP IAS 16.73(e),
sale, right-of-use assets cation as held for sale or inclusion in a disposal IFRS 16.53
group classified as held for sale. [Refer: Disposal
groups classified as held for sale [member]; Right-
of-use assets; Disposal groups classified as held for
sale [member]]
Decrease through loss of control of The decrease in right-of-use assets resulting from CP IAS 16.73(e),
subsidiary, right-of-use assets the loss of control of a subsidiary. [Refer: Right-of- IFRS 16.53
use assets]
TECHNOLOGY UPDATE
Tagging of fair value of investment property measured at cost (paragraph 98)

Fair value of investment property when The amount of fair value of investment property D IAS 40.79(e)
entity applies cost model when an entity applies the cost model to measure
the investment property. [Refer: Investment proper-
ty]
TECHNOLOGY UPDATE
Appendix C—List of new categorical elements (paragraph 83)

Compliance: These elements relate to an entity disclosing compliance with IFRS Accounting Standards or a specific topic or
section in an Accounting Standard.
Element label Documentation label List ET ER Reference

Statement of IFRS compliance An explicit and unreserved TB D IAS 1.16
[text block] statement of compliance with all the
requirements of IFRSs.
Financial statements Indicates (true false) whether the True / False B D IAS 1.16
comply with IFRSs financial statements comply with all
the requirements of IFRSs.
Information whether entity Information about whether the entity T D IAS 1.135(d)
complied with any externally complied with externally imposed
imposed capital requirements capital requirements to which it is
subject. [Refer: Capital requirements
[member]]
Entity complied with any Indicates (true false) whether the True / False B D IAS 1.135(d)
externally imposed capital entity complied with externally
requirements imposed capital requirements to
which it is subject.
Description of compliance with The description of the compliance of T D IAS 34.19
IFRSs if applied for interim the entity's interim financial report
financial report with IFRSs. [Refer: IFRSs [member]]
Compliance with IFRSs if Indicates (true false) whether the True / False B D IAS 34.19
applied for interim financial entity is compliant with IFRSs for
report interim financial report.
Statement that comparative The statement that comparative T D IFRS 1.E2(b)
information does not comply with information does not comply with
IFRS 7 and IFRS 9 IFRS 7 and IFRS 9.
Comparative information Indicates (true false) whether True / False B D IFRS 1.E2(b)
does not comply with comparative information is presen-
IFRS 7 and IFRS 9 ted that does not comply with
IFRS 7 and IFRS 9. Use true if any
such comparative information does
not comply. Use false if explicitly
reporting that all comparative
information does comply.
Explanation of fact and basis for The explanation of the fact that the T D IAS 1.25
preparation of financial statements entity has not prepared financial
when not going concern basis statements on a going concern
basis and an explanation of the
basis on which financial statements
were prepared.
Entity has not prepared Indicates (true false) whether the True / False B D IAS 1.25
financial statements on a entity has not prepared financial
going concern basis statements on a going concern
basis. Use true if the financial
statements are not prepared on a
going concern basis. Use false if
explicitly reporting that the
statements are on a going concern
basis.
continued...
TECHNOLOGY UPDATE
...continued

Description of accounting policies The disclosure of a statement that TB D IAS 34.16A(a)
and methods of computation the same accounting policies and
followed in interim financial methods of computation are followed
statements [text block] in the interim financial statements as
compared with the most recent
annual financial statements or, if
those policies or methods have been
changed, a description of the nature
and effect of the changes.
Same accounting policies Indicates (true false) whether the True / False B D IAS 34.16A(a)
and methods of computa- same accounting policies and
tion followed in interim methods of computation are followed
financial statements in the interim financial statements as
compared with the most recent
annual financial statements.
Statement that unadjusted The statement that unadjusted T D IAS 16.80A,
comparative information has been comparative information in the IAS 27.18I,
prepared on different basis financial statements has been IAS 38.130I,
prepared on a different basis. IFRS 10.C6B,
IFRS 11.C13B,
IFRS 17.C27
Unadjusted comparative Indicates (true false) whether the True / False B D IAS 16.80A,
information has been unadjusted comparative information IAS 27.18I,
prepared on different basis in the financial statements has been IAS 38.130I,
prepared on a different basis. IFRS 10.C6B,
IFRS 11.C13B,
IFRS 17.C27
Explanation of whether default was The explanation of whether a default T D IFRS 7.18(c)
remedied or terms of loans on loans payable was remedied, or
payable were renegotiated before terms of the loans payable were
financial statements were author- renegotiated, before the financial
ised for issue statements were authorised for
issue.
Default was remedied or Indicates (true false) whether a True / False B D IFRS 7.18(c)
terms of loans payable default on loans payable was
were renegotiated before remedied, or terms of the loans
financial statements were payable were renegotiated, before
authorised for issue the financial statements were
authorised for issue.
Explanation of whether breaches The explanation of whether breach- T D IFRS 7.19
which permitted lender to demand es of loan terms that permitted the
accelerated repayment were lender to demand accelerated
remedied or terms of loans repayment were remedied, or terms
payable were renegotiated before of loans payable were renegotiated,
financial statements were author- before the financial statements were
ised for issue authorised for issue.
continued...
TECHNOLOGY UPDATE
...continued

Breaches which permitted Indicates (true false) whether True / False B D IFRS 7.19
lender to demand acceler- breaches of loan terms that permit-
ated repayment were ted the lender to demand acceler-
remedied or terms of loans ated repayment were remedied, or
payable were renegotiated terms of loans payable were renego-
before financial statements tiated, before the financial
were authorised for issue statements were authorised for
issue.
Disclosure of information about The disclosure of information about TB D IAS 1.76ZA(b)
covenants related to non-current the covenants on a non-current
liabilities including facts and liability with which the entity is
circumstances indicating entity required to comply within twelve
may have difficulty complying with months after the reporting period.
covenants [text block] This information could include the
nature of the covenants, when the
entity is required to comply with
those covenants and facts and
circumstances that show the entity
may have difficulty complying with
the covenants related to a non-
current liability—for example, the
entity having acted during or after
the reporting period to avoid or
mitigate a potential breach.
Entity may have difficulty Indicates (true false) whether the True / False B D IAS 1.76ZA(b)
complying with covenants entity may have difficulty complying
related to non-current liabil- with the covenants related to a non-
ities current liability.
Description of fact that amounts The description of the fact that T D IAS 1.36(b)
presented in financial statements amounts presented in the financial
are not entirely comparable statements are not entirely compara-
ble when an entity changes the end
of its reporting period and presents
financial statements for a period
longer or shorter than one year.
Amounts presented in Indicates (true false) whether the True / False B D IAS 1.36(b)
financial statements are not amounts presented in the financial
entirely comparable statements are not entirely compara-
ble when an entity changes the end
of its reporting period and presents
financial statements for a period
longer or shorter than one year.
Exemption: These elements relate to an entity disclosing the application of an exemption or exception provided in an
Accounting Standard.

Explanation of whether entity The explanation of whether the T D IAS 24.26
applies exemption in IAS 24.25 entity applies the exemption in
paragraph 25 of IAS 24.
Entity applies exemption in Indicates (true false) whether the True / False B D IAS 24.26
IAS 24.25 entity applies the exemption in
paragraph 25 of IAS 24.
continued...
TECHNOLOGY UPDATE
...continued

Description of fact that exemption The description of the fact that T D IAS 27.16(a)
from consolidation has been used exemption from consolidation has
been used. [Refer: Consolidated
[member]]
Exemption from consolida- Indicates (true false) whether True / False B D IAS 27.16(a)
tion has been used exemption from consolidation has
been used.
Statement that investment entity is The statement that the investment T D IFRS 12.19A
required to apply exception from entity is required to apply an
consolidation exception from consolidation. [Refer:
Disclosure of investment entities
[text block]]
Investment entity is Indicates (true false) whether the True / False B D IFRS 12.19A
required to apply exception investment entity is required to apply
from consolidation an exception from consolidation.
Explanation of general nature of The explanation of the general T D IAS 37.92
dispute and of reason for non- nature of the dispute with other
disclosure of information regarding parties on the subject matter of a
provision provision and the fact and reason
why required information relating to
a provision is not disclosed by the
entity. [Refer: Provisions]
Non-disclosure of informa- Indicates (true false) whether True / False B D IAS 37.92
tion regarding provision required information relating to a
provision is not disclosed by the
entity.
contingent liability contingent liability and the fact and
reason why required information
relating to a contingent liability is not
disclosed by the entity. [Refer:
Contingent liabilities [member]]
tion regarding contingent required information relating to a
liability contingent liability is not disclosed
by the entity.
contingent asset contingent asset and the fact and
reason why required information
relating to a possible asset that
arises from past events and whose
existence will be confirmed only by
the occurrence or non-occurrence of
one or more uncertain future events
not wholly within control of the entity
is not disclosed.
continued...
TECHNOLOGY UPDATE
...continued

tion regarding contingent required information relating to a
asset possible asset that arises from past
events and whose existence will be
confirmed only by the occurrence or
non-occurrence of one or more
uncertain future events not wholly
within control of the entity is not
disclosed.
Explanation of whether practical The explanation of whether the T D IFRS 15.122
expedient is applied for disclosure practical expedient is applied for the
of transaction price allocated to disclosure of the transaction price
remaining performance obligations allocated to the remaining perform-
ance obligations. [Refer: Transaction
price allocated to remaining perform-
ance obligations]
Practical expedient is Indicates (true false) whether the True / False B D IFRS 15.122
applied for disclosure of practical expedient is applied for the
transaction price allocated disclosure of the transaction price
to remaining performance allocated to the remaining perform-
obligations ance obligations.
Explanation of whether any The explanation of whether any T D IFRS 15.122
consideration from contracts with consideration from contracts with
customers is not included in disclo- customers is not included in the
sure of transaction price allocated disclosure of the transaction price
to remaining performance obliga- allocated to the remaining perform-
tions ance obligations. [Refer: Transaction
price allocated to remaining perform-
ance obligations]
Not all consideration from Indicates (true false) whether any True / False B D IFRS 15.122
contracts with customers is consideration from contracts with
included in disclosure of customers is not included in the
transaction price allocated disclosure of the transaction price
to remaining performance allocated to the remaining perform-
obligations ance obligations.
Statement that practical expedient The statement that the practical T D IFRS 15.129
about existence of significant expedient about the existence of a
financing component has been significant financing component in a
used contract with a customer has been
used.
Practical expedient about Indicates (true false) whether the True / False B D IFRS 15.129
existence of significant practical expedient about the
financing component has existence of a significant financing
been used component in a contract with a
customer has been used.
Statement that practical expedient The statement that the practical T D IFRS 15.129
about incremental costs of obtain- expedient about the incremental
ing contract has been used costs of obtaining a contract with a
customer has been used.
continued...
TECHNOLOGY UPDATE
...continued

Practical expedient about Indicates (true false) whether the True / False B D IFRS 15.129
incremental costs of obtain- practical expedient about the
ing contract has been used incremental costs of obtaining a
contract with a customer has been
used.
Statement that lessee accounts for The statement that the lessee T D IFRS 16.60
short-term leases using recogni- accounts for short-term leases using
tion exemption the recognition exemption in
paragraph 6 of IFRS 16. Short-term
lease is a lease that, at the
commencement date, has a lease
term of 12 months or less. A lease
that contains a purchase option is
not a short-term lease.
Lessee accounts for short- Indicates (true false) whether the True / False B D IFRS 16.60
term leases using recogni- lessee accounts for short-term
tion exemption leases using the recognition
exemption in paragraph 6 of
IFRS 16.
Statement that lessee accounts for The statement that the lessee T D IFRS 16.60
leases of low-value assets using accounts for leases of low-value
recognition exemption assets using the recognition
IFRS 16.
Lessee accounts for leases Indicates (true false) whether the True / False B D IFRS 16.60
of low-value assets using lessee accounts for leases of low-
recognition exemption value assets using the recognition
IFRS 16.
Statement that entity applies The statement that the entity applies T D IFRS 17.126
paragraph 20 of IFRS 17 in paragraph 20 of IFRS 17 in
determining groups of insurance determining the groups of insurance
contracts contracts to which it applies the
recognition and measurement
requirements in IFRS 17. [Refer:
Insurance contracts [member]]
Entity applies paragraph 20 Indicates (true false) whether the True / False B D IFRS 17.126
of IFRS 17 in determining entity applies paragraph 20 of
groups of insurance IFRS 17 in determining the groups
contracts of insurance contracts to which it
applies the recognition and
measurement requirements in
IFRS 17.
Description of accounting policy The description of the fact that the T D IFRS 13.96
decision to use exception in entity made an accounting policy
IFRS 13.48, assets decision to use the exception in
paragraph 48 of IFRS 13 for assets.
Accounting policy decision Indicates (true false) whether the True / False B D IFRS 13.96
to use exception in entity made an accounting policy
IFRS 13.48, assets decision to use the exception in
paragraph 48 of IFRS 13 for assets.
continued...
TECHNOLOGY UPDATE
...continued

Description of accounting policy The description of the fact that the T D IFRS 13.96
decision to use exception in entity made an accounting policy
IFRS 13.48, liabilities decision to use the exception in
paragraph 48 of IFRS 13 for liabili-
ties.
Accounting policy decision Indicates (true false) whether the True / False B D IFRS 13.96
to use exception in entity made an accounting policy
IFRS 13.48, liabilities decision to use the exception in
paragraph 48 of IFRS 13 for liabili-
ties.
Impracticability: These elements relate to an entity disclosing when something is impracticable.

Description of explanation of fact The description of the fact and T D IFRS 3.B64(g)
and reasons why range of reasons why the range of outcomes (iii)
outcomes from contingent consid- from contingent consideration
eration arrangements and arrangements and indemnification
indemnification assets cannot be assets cannot be estimated.
estimated
Range of outcomes from Indicates (true false) whether the True / False B D IFRS 3.B64(g)
contingent consideration range of outcomes from contingent (iii)
arrangements and indemni- consideration arrangements and
fication assets cannot be indemnification assets cannot be
estimated estimated.
Explanation of fact and explanation The explanation of the fact and the T D IFRS 3.B64(q)
of why disclosure of information on reason why the disclosure of
revenues and profit or loss is information on revenues and profit
impracticable (loss) of the acquiree since the
acquisition date and the combined
entity as though the acquisition date
for all business combinations that
occurred had been as of the
beginning of the reporting period is
impracticable. [Refer: Business
combinations [member]; Revenue]
Information on revenues Indicates (true false) whether the True / False B D IFRS 3.B64(q)
and profit or loss is imprac- disclosure of information on
ticable to disclose, revenues and profit (loss) of the
business combinations acquiree since the acquisition date
and the combined entity as though
the acquisition date for all business
combinations that occurred had
been as of the beginning of the
reporting period is impracticable.
Description of fact and reasons The description of the fact and T D IFRS 12.29(c)
why maximum exposure to loss reasons why the entity cannot
from interests in structured entities quantify its maximum exposure to
cannot be quantified loss from its interests in structured
entities. [Refer: Maximum exposure
to loss from interests in structured
entities; Unconsolidated structured
entities [member]]
continued...
TECHNOLOGY UPDATE
...continued

Maximum exposure to loss Indicates (true false) whether the True / False B D IFRS 12.29(c)
from interests in structured entity cannot quantify its maximum
entities cannot be quanti- exposure to loss from its interests in
fied structured entities.
Information about contingent Information about the fact that the T D IAS 37.91
assets that disclosure is not practi- disclosure of information related to
cable possible assets that arise from past
practicable.
Contingent assets disclo- Indicates (true false) whether the True / False B D IAS 37.91
sure is not practicable disclosure of information related to
possible assets that arise from past
practicable.
Information about contingent liabili- Information about the fact that the T D IAS 37.91
ties that disclosure is not practica- disclosure of information related to
ble contingent liabilities is not practica-
ble. [Refer: Contingent liabilities
[member]]
Contingent liabilities disclo- Indicates (true false) whether the True / False B D IAS 37.91
sure is not practicable disclosure of information related to
contingent liabilities is not practica-
ble.
Description of fact that estimating The description of the fact that the TB D IAS 8.40
amount of change in accounting amount of the effect in future periods
estimate is impracticable [text due to changes in accounting
block] estimates is not disclosed because
estimating it is impracticable.
Estimating amount of Indicates (true false) whether the True / False B D IAS 8.40
change in accounting amount of the effect in future periods
estimate is impracticable due to changes in accounting
estimates is not disclosed because
estimating it is impracticable.
Explanation of why revenues from The explanation of why revenues T D IFRS 8.32,
external customers for each from external customers for each IFRS 8.33
product and service, or each group product and service, or each group
of similar products and services, of similar products and services, are
are not reported16 not reported (for example, if the cost
to develop the information would be
excessive). [Refer: Products and
services [member]; Revenue]
continued...
16 In the Foundation’s review of categorical elements, it observed that this element has two references for two different disclosure require-
ments. In the Foundation’s view, there should be separate elements for the requirements in paragraphs 32 and 33 of IFRS 8 Operating
Segments. Therefore, the Foundation deleted the reference to paragraph 33 of IFRS 8 here and created an additional text and Boolean
element for that paragraph.
TECHNOLOGY UPDATE
...continued

Revenues from external Indicates (true false) whether the True / False B D IFRS 8.32
customers for each product revenues from external customers
and service, or each group for each product and service, or
of similar products and each group of similar products and
services, are not reported services, are not reported because
necessary information is not availa-
ble and the cost to develop it would
be excessive.
Explanation of why geographical The explanation of why geographical T D IFRS 8.33
information about revenues from information about revenues from
external customers and non- external customers and non-current
current assets is not reported assets other than financial instru-
ments, deferred tax assets, post-
employment benefit assets and
rights arising under insurance
contracts is not reported.
Geographical information Indicates (true false) whether True / False B D IFRS 8.33
about revenues from geographical information about
external customers and revenues from external customers
non-current assets is not and non-current assets other than
reported financial instruments, deferred tax
assets, post-employment benefit
assets and rights arising under
insurance contracts is not reported.
Description of reason why fair The description of the reason why T D IFRS 2.49
value of goods or services the presumption that the fair value of
received cannot be reliably estima- goods or services received in equity-
ted settled share-based payment
transactions with parties other than
employees can be estimated reliably
was rebutted.
Fair value of goods or Indicates (true false) whether the True / False B D IFRS 2.49
services received cannot entity has rebutted the presumption
be estimated reliably that the fair value of goods or
services received can be estimated
reliably.
Measurement method: These elements relate to an entity disclosing which of the measurement methods provided in an
Accounting Standard the entity has used.

Explanation of fact that financial The explanation of the fact that T D IAS 29.39(a)
statements and corresponding financial statements and the
figures for previous periods have corresponding figures for previous
been restated for changes in periods have been restated for
general purchasing power of changes in the general purchasing
functional currency power of the functional currency
and, as a result, are stated in terms
of the measuring unit current at the
end of the reporting period in
hyperinflationary reporting.
continued...
TECHNOLOGY UPDATE
...continued

Financial statements and Indicates (true false) whether the True / False B D IAS 29.39(a)
corresponding figures for financial statements and the
previous periods have been corresponding figures for previous
restated for changes in periods have been restated for
general purchasing power changes in the general purchasing
of functional currency power of the functional currency
and, as a result, are stated in terms
of the measuring unit current at the
end of the reporting period in
hyperinflationary reporting.
Measurement bases, property, The measurement bases used for T D IAS 16.73(a)
plant and equipment determining the gross carrying
amount for a class of property, plant
and equipment. [Refer: Gross
carrying amount [member]; Property,
plant and equipment]
Measurement bases used Indicates which measurement bases Cost model / EE D IAS 16.73(a)
for property, plant and are used for determining the gross Revaluation
equipment carrying amount for a class of model
property, plant and equipment.
Method used to account for invest- The description of the method used T D IAS 27.16(c),
ments in subsidiaries to account for investments in subsid- IAS 27.17(c)
iaries. [Refer: Subsidiaries
[member]]
Method used to account for Indicates which method is used to At cost / In EE D IAS 27.16(c),
investments in subsidiaries, account for investments in subsidia- accordance with IAS 27.17(c)
categorical17 ries. IFRS 9 / Equity
method
ments in joint ventures to account for investments in joint IAS 27.17(c)
ventures. [Refer: Joint ventures
[member]]
investments in joint account for investments in joint accordance with IAS 27.17(c)
ventures, categorical ventures. IFRS 9 / Equity
method
ments in associates to account for investments in IAS 27.17(c)
associates. [Refer: Associates
[member]]
investments in associates, account for investments in accordance with IAS 27.17(c)
categorical associates. IFRS 9 / Equity
method
Information whether recoverable Information about whether the T D IAS 36.130(e)
amount of asset is fair value less recoverable amount of an asset
costs of disposal or value in use (cash-generating unit) is its fair value
less costs of disposal or its value in
use. [Refer: Cash-generating units
[member]]
continued...
17 A few existing elements are labelled in such a way that the most natural label for the related categorical element would be the same. In
those few cases, the Foundation appended ‘categorical’ to the label of the categorical element.
TECHNOLOGY UPDATE
...continued

Recoverable amount of Indicates whether the recoverable Fair value less EE D IAS 36.130(e)
asset is fair value less amount of an asset (cash-generating costs of dispos-
costs of disposal or value in unit) is its fair value less costs of al / Value in use
use disposal or its value in use.
Description of whether investment The description of whether the T D IFRS 12.21(b)(i)
in associate is measured using investment in an associate is
equity method or at fair value measured using the equity method
or at fair value. [Refer: At fair value
[member]; Associates [member]]
Investment in associate is Indicates whether the investment in Equity method / EE D IFRS 12.21(b)(i)
measured using equity an associate is measured using the Fair value
method or at fair value equity method or at fair value.
Description of whether investment The description of whether the T D IFRS 12.21(b)(i)
in joint venture is measured using investment in a joint venture is
equity method or at fair value measured using the equity method
or at fair value. [Refer: At fair value
[member]; Joint ventures [member]]
Investment in joint venture Indicates whether the investment in Equity method / EE D IFRS 12.21(b)(i)
is measured using equity a joint venture is measured using Fair value
method or at fair value the equity method or at fair value.
Accounting policy: These elements relate to requirements for an entity to disclose its choice of accounting policy.

Description of whether entity The description of whether an entity T D IFRS 17.97(b)
makes adjustment for time value of that uses the premium allocation
money and effect of financial risk approach makes an adjustment for
when using premium allocation the time value of money and the
approach effect of financial risk applying
paragraphs 56 and 57(b) of
IFRS 17. Premium allocation
approach is an approach, described
in paragraphs 53-59 of IFRS 17, that
simplifies the measurement of the
liability for remaining coverage of a
group of insurance contracts.
Entity makes adjustment for Indicates (true false) whether an True / False B D IFRS 17.97(b)
time value of money and entity that uses the premium alloca-
effect of financial risk when tion approach makes an adjustment
using premium allocation for the time value of money and the
approach effect of financial risk applying
paragraphs 56 and 57(b) of
IFRS 17.
Description of inventory cost The description of the cost formulas T D IAS 2.36(a)
formulas used to measure inventory. [Refer:
Inventories]
Inventory cost formulas, Indicates which cost formulas are First-in, first- Set EE D IAS 2.36(a)
categorical used to assign costs to inventory. out / Weighted
average /
Specific identifi-
cation method
continued...
TECHNOLOGY UPDATE
...continued

Explanation of assets acquired by The explanation of whether assets T D IAS 38.122(c)(iii)
way of government grant and acquired by way of government
initially recognised at fair value grants and initially recognised at fair
value are measured after recognition
under the cost model or the revalua-
tion model. [Refer: At fair value
[member]; Government [member];
Government grants]
Assets acquired by way of Indicates whether assets acquired Cost model / EE D IAS 38.122(c)(iii)
government grant and by way of government grants and Revaluation
initially recognised at fair initially recognised at fair value are model
value are measured after measured after recognition under
recognition under cost the cost model or the revaluation
model or revaluation model model.
Explanation of whether entity The explanation of whether the T D IAS 40.75(a)
applied fair value model or cost entity applied the fair value model or
model to measure investment the cost model to measure invest-
property ment property. [Refer: Fair value
model [member]; At cost [member];
Investment property]
Entity applied fair value Indicates whether the entity applied Fair value EE D IAS 40.75(a)
model or cost model to the fair value model or the cost model / Cost
measure investment model to measure investment model
property property.
Accounting estimate: These elements relate to requirements for an entity to disclose an accounting estimate.

Depreciation method, property, The depreciation method used for T D IAS 16.73(b)
plant and equipment property, plant and equipment.
[Refer: Property, plant and
equipment]
Depreciation method, Indicates which depreciation method Straight-line EE D IAS 16.73(b)
property, plant and is used for property, plant and method /
equipment, categorical18 equipment. Diminishing
balance
method / Units
of production
method
Amortisation method, intangible The amortisation method used for T D IAS 38.118(b)
assets other than goodwill intangible assets other than goodwill
with finite useful lives. [Refer:
Intangible assets other than
goodwill; Depreciation and amortisa-
tion expense]
continued...
18 A few existing elements are named in such a way that the most natural name for the related categorical element would be the same. In
those few cases, the Foundation appended ‘categorical’ to the name of the categorical element.
TECHNOLOGY UPDATE
...continued

Amortisation method, Indicates which amortisation method Straight-line EE D IAS 38.118(b)
intangible assets other than is used for intangible assets other method /
goodwill, categorical than goodwill with finite useful lives. Diminishing
balance
method / Units
of production
method
Depreciation method, investment The depreciation method used for T D IAS 40.79(a)
property, cost model investment property measured using
the cost model. [Refer: Investment
property]
Depreciation method, Indicates which depreciation method Straight-line EE D IAS 40.79(a)
investment property, cost is used for investment property method /
model, categorical19 measured using the cost model. Diminishing
balance
method / Units
of production
method
Depreciation method, biological The depreciation method used for T D IAS 41.54(d)
assets, at cost biological assets measured at their
cost less any accumulated deprecia-
tion and accumulated impairment
losses. [Refer: Biological assets]
Depreciation method, Indicates which depreciation method Straight-line EE D IAS 41.54(d)
biological assets, at cost, is used for biological assets method /
categorical measured at their cost less any Diminishing
accumulated depreciation and balance
accumulated impairment losses. method / Units
of production
method
Governance: These elements relate to an entity disclosing information about governance required by IFRS Accounting
Standards.

Explanation of involvement of The explanation of whether an T D IAS 16.77(b)
independent valuer in revaluation, independent valuer was involved for
property, plant and equipment items of property, plant and
equipment stated at revalued
amounts. [Refer: Property, plant and
equipment]
Independent valuer was Indicates (true false) whether an True / False B D IAS 16.77(b)
involved in revaluation, independent valuer was involved for
property, plant and items of property, plant and
equipment equipment stated at revalued
amounts.
Explanation of involvement of The explanation of whether an T D IFRS 16.57
independent valuer in revaluation, independent valuer was involved for
right-of-use assets right-of-use assets stated at
revalued amounts. [Refer: Right-of-
use assets]
continued...
19 A few existing elements are labelled in such a way that the most natural label for the related categorical element would be the same. In
those few cases, the Foundation appended ‘categorical’ to the label of the categorical element.
TECHNOLOGY UPDATE
...continued

Independent valuer was Indicates (true false) whether an True / False B D IFRS 16.57
involved in revaluation, independent valuer was involved for
property, right-of-use right-of-use assets stated at
assets revalued amounts.
Explanation of fact that entity's The explanation of the fact that the T D IAS 10.17
owners or others have power to entity's owners or others have the
amend financial statements after power to amend financial statements
issue after issue.
Entity's owners or others Indicates (true false) whether the True / False B D IAS 10.17
have power to amend entity's owners or others have the
financial statements after power to amend financial statements
issue after issue.
Transition: These elements relate to the disclosure requirements in the transition sections of IFRS Accounting Standards.

Description whether change in The description that a change in T D IAS 8.28(b)
accounting policy is made in accounting policy is made in accord-
accordance with transitional ance with the transitional provisions
provisions of initially applied IFRS of an initially applied IFRS. [Refer:
IFRSs [member]]
Change in accounting Indicates (true false) whether a True / False B D IAS 8.28(b)
policy is made in accord- change in accounting policy is made
ance with transitional in accordance with the transitional
provisions of initially provisions of an initially applied
applied IFRS IFRS.
Description of fact that new or The description of the fact that a T D Expiry date
amended IFRS Standard is new or amended IFRS Standard is 2026-01-01
applied early applied earlier than its effective date. IAS 1.139U
…
Expiry date
2024-01-01
IFRS 9.7.1.9
New or amended IFRS Indicates (true false) whether a new True / False B D Expiry date
Standard is applied early or amended IFRS Standard is 2026-01-01
applied earlier than its effective date. IAS 1.139U
…
Expiry date
2024-01-01
IFRS 9.7.1.9
Explanation of new standards or The explanation of the fact that the T D IAS 8.30(a)
interpretations not applied entity has not applied a new IFRS
that has been issued but is not yet
effective.
New standards or interpre- Indicates (true false) whether the True / False B D IAS 8.30(a)
tations not applied entity has not applied a new IFRS
that has been issued but is not yet
effective.
continued...
TECHNOLOGY UPDATE
...continued

Description of fact that impact of The description of the fact that the T E IAS 8.31(e)(ii)
initial application of new IFRS is impact of the initial application of a
not known or reasonably estimable new IFRS is not known or reasona-
bly estimable. [Refer: IFRSs
[member]]
Impact of initial application Indicates (true false) whether the True / False B E IAS 8.31(e)(ii)
of new IFRS is not known impact of the initial application of a
or reasonably estimable new IFRS is not known or reasona-
bly estimable.
Explanation of fact that financial The explanation, in the entity's first T D IFRS 1.28
statements for previous periods IFRS financial statements, of the fact
not presented that the entity did not present
financial statements for previous
periods.
Financial statements for Indicates (true false) whether, in the True / False B D IFRS 1.28
previous periods not entity's first IFRS financial
presented statements, the entity did not
present financial statements for
previous periods.
Description of fact and basis on The description of the fact and basis T D IFRS 1.31A
which carrying amounts on which carrying amounts
determined under previous GAAP determined under previous GAAP
were allocated if entity uses were allocated if the entity applies
exemption in IFRS 1.D8A(b) the exemption in paragraph D8A(b)
of IFRS 1 for oil and gas assets.
Carrying amounts Indicates (true false) whether True / False B D IFRS 1.31A
determined under previous carrying amounts determined under
GAAP were allocated if previous GAAP were allocated if the
entity uses exemption in entity applies the exemption in
IFRS 1.D8A(b) paragraph D8A(b) of IFRS 1 for oil
and gas assets.
Description of fact and basis on The description of the fact and basis T D IFRS 1.31B
which carrying amounts were on which carrying amounts were
determined under previous GAAP determined under previous GAAP if
if entity uses exemption in the entity applies the exemption in
IFRS 1.D8B paragraph D8B of IFRS 1 for
operations subject to rate regulation.
Carrying amounts were Indicates (true false) whether True / False B D IFRS 1.31B
determined under previous carrying amounts were determined
GAAP if entity uses under previous GAAP if the entity
exemption in IFRS 1.D8B applies the exemption in
paragraph D8B of IFRS 1 for
operations subject to rate regulation.
Other: All other categorical elements that do not fall into any of the other categories.

Description of valuation techni- The description of the valuation T D IAS 36.130(f)(ii),
ques used to measure fair value techniques used to measure fair IAS 36.134(e)
less costs of disposal value less costs of disposal for a
cash generating unit (group of units).
[Refer: Valuation techniques
[member]]
continued...
TECHNOLOGY UPDATE
...continued

Valuation techniques used Indicates which valuation techniques Income EE D IAS 36.130(f)(ii),
to measure fair value less are used to measure fair value less approach / IAS 36.134(e)
costs of disposal costs of disposal for a cash-generat- Market
ing unit (group of units). approach / Cost
approach
Description of valuation techni- The description of the valuation T D IFRS 13.93(d)
ques used in fair value measure- techniques (for example, the market
ment, assets approach, cost approach and
income approach) used for the fair
value measurement of assets.
[member]; Cost approach [member];
Income approach [member]; Market
approach [member]]
Valuation techniques used Indicates which valuation techniques Income EE D IFRS 13.93(d)
in fair value measurement, are used for the fair value measure- approach /
assets ment of assets. Market
approach / Cost
approach
ment, liabilities approach, cost approach and
income approach) used for the fair
value measurement of liabilities.
[member]; Cost approach [member];
Income approach [member]; Market
approach [member]]
liabilities ment of liabilities. Market
approach / Cost
approach
ment, entity's own equity instru- approach, cost approach and
ments income approach) used for the fair
value measurement of the entity's
own equity instruments. [Refer:
Valuation techniques [member];
Cost approach [member]; Income
approach [member]; Market
approach [member]]
entity's own equity instrument of the entity's own equity Market
ments instruments. approach / Cost
approach
continued...
TECHNOLOGY UPDATE
...continued

Description of fact that multi- The description of the fact that a T D IAS 19.148(d)(i)
employer or state plan is defined multi-employer or state plan is a
benefit plan defined benefit plan. [Refer: Multi-
employer defined benefit plans
[member]; State defined benefit
plans [member]]
Multi-employer or state Indicates (true false) whether a True / False B D IAS 19.148(d)(i)
plan is defined benefit plan multi-employer or state plan is a
defined benefit plan.
Explanation of fact that maximum The explanation of the fact that the T D IFRS 3.B64(g)
amount of payment for contingent maximum amount of the payment for (iii)
consideration arrangements and contingent consideration arrange-
indemnification assets is unlimited ments and indemnification assets is
unlimited.
Maximum amount of Indicates (true false) whether the True / False B D IFRS 3.B64(g)
payment for contingent maximum amount of the payment for (iii)
consideration arrange- contingent consideration arrange-
ments and indemnification ments and indemnification assets is
assets is unlimited unlimited.
Description of fact and reason why The description of the fact and the T D IFRS 17.123
entity's exposure to risk arising reason why the entity's exposure to
from contracts within scope of risk arising from contracts within the
IFRS 17 at end of reporting period scope of IFRS 17 at the end of the
is not representative of its reporting period is not representa-
exposure during period tive of its exposure during the
period.
Entity's exposure to risk Indicates (true false) whether the True / False B D IFRS 17.123
arising from contracts entity's exposure to risk arising from
within scope of IFRS 17 at contracts within the scope of
end of reporting period is IFRS 17 at the end of the reporting
not representative of its period is not representative of its
exposure during period exposure during the period.
Explanation of fact that shares The explanation of the fact that T D IAS 1.79(a)(iii)
have no par value shares have no par value. [Refer:
Par value per share]
Shares have no par value Indicates (true false) whether the True / False B D IAS 1.79(a)(iii)
shares have no par value.
Description of reason why presen- The description of the reason why T D IAS 21.53
tation currency is different from the currency in which the financial
functional currency statements are presented is different
from the currency of the primary
economic environment in which the
entity operates.
Presentation currency is Indicates (true false) whether the True / False B D IAS 21.53
different from functional presentation currency is different
currency from the functional currency.
Description of reason for change The description of the reason for a T D IAS 21.54
in functional currency change in the entity's functional
currency. The functional currency is
the currency of the primary econom-
ic environment in which the entity
operates.
continued...
TECHNOLOGY UPDATE
...continued

Change in functional Indicates (true false) whether there True / False B D IAS 21.54
currency of either reporting is a change in the functional curren-
entity or significant foreign cy of either the reporting entity or a
operation significant foreign operation.
Explanation of disposal of invest- The explanation of the fact that the T D IAS 40.78(d)(i)
ment property carried at cost or in entity has disposed of investment
accordance with IFRS 16 within property not carried at fair value
fair value model when the entity measures invest-
ment property at cost or in accord-
ance with IFRS 16 within the fair
value model, because fair value is
not reliably determinable on a
continuing basis. [Refer: At cost or in
accordance with IFRS 16 within fair
value model [member]; Investment
property]
Entity disposed investment Indicates (true false) whether the True / False B D IAS 40.78(d)(i)
property carried at cost or entity has disposed of investment
in accordance with property not carried at fair value
IFRS 16 within fair value when the entity measures invest-
model ment property using the cost model
in IAS 16 or in accordance with
IFRS 16 within the fair value model,
because fair value is not reliably
determinable on a continuing basis.
Description of level of fair value The description of the level of the T D IAS 36.130(f)(i),
hierarchy within which fair value fair value hierarchy within which the IAS 36.134(e)
measurement is categorised fair value measurement is categor- (iiA)
ised in its entirety (without giving
regard to the observability of 'costs
of disposal') for a cash-generating
unit (group of units'). [Refer: Cash-
generating units [member]]
Level of fair value hierarchy Indicates the level of the fair value Level 1 / EE D IAS 36.130(f)(i),
within which fair value hierarchy within which the fair value Level 2 / IAS 36.134(e)
measurement is measurement is categorised in its Level 3 (iiA)
categorised entirety (without giving regard to the
observability of 'costs of disposal')
for a cash-generating unit ('group of
units').
Description of nature of financial The description of the nature of T D IAS 1.51(b),
statements financial statements (for example, IAS 27.16(a),
whether the financial statements are IAS 27.17(a)
of an individual entity or a group of
entities).
Nature of financial Indicates the nature of financial Separate / EE D IAS 1.51(b),
statements statements (for example, whether Consolidated IAS 27.16(a),
the financial statements are of an IAS 27.17(a)
individual entity or a group of
entities).
continued...
TECHNOLOGY UPDATE
...continued

Name of government and nature The name of the government and T D IAS 24.26(a)
of relationship with government the nature of its relationship with the
reporting entity (i.e. control, joint
control or significant influence).
[Refer: Government [member]]
Nature of relationship with Indicates the nature of government’s Control / Joint EE D IAS 24.26(a)
government relationship with the reporting entity. control / Signifi-
cant influence
Description of method of settle- The description of the method of T D IFRS 2.45(a)
ment for share-based payment settlement (for example, whether in
arrangement cash or equity) for a type of share-
based payment arrangement that
existed at any time during the
period. An entity with substantially
similar types of share-based
payment arrangements may
aggregate this information. [Refer:
Share-based payment arrangements
[member]]
Method of settlement for Indicates the method of settlement Cash settle- EE D IFRS 2.45(a)
share-based payment for a type of share-based payment ment / Equity
arrangement arrangement that existed at any time settlement
during the period.
Disclosure of qualitative informa- The disclosure of qualitative TB D IFRS 17.C28E(a)
tion about application of classifica- information about the extent to
tion overlay and impairment which the classification overlay has
requirements [text block] been applied and whether and to
what extent the impairment require-
ments in Section 5.5 of IFRS 9
Financial Instruments have been
applied.
Description of whether The description of whether impair- T D IFRS 17.C28E(a)
impairment requirements ment requirements in Section 5.5 of
have been applied in IFRS 9 Financial Instruments have
classification overlay been applied in classification
overlay.
Impairment require- Indicates (true false) whether the True / False B D IFRS 17.C28E(a)
ments have been impairment requirements in Section
applied in classifica- 5.5 of IFRS 9 Financial Instruments
tion overlay have been applied in classification
overlay.
Explanation of change in name of The explanation of the change in T D IAS 1.51(a)
reporting entity or other means of either the name of the reporting
identification from end of preced- entity or any other means of identifi-
ing reporting period cation from the end of the preceding
reporting period.
Change in name of report- Indicates (true false) whether there True / False B D IAS 1.51(a)
ing entity or other means of is change in either the name of the
identification from end of reporting entity or any other means
preceding reporting period of identification from the end of the
preceding reporting period.
TECHNOLOGY UPDATE
Appendix D—Illustrated tagged examples for categorical elements (paragraph 84)

Example 1
Inventories
Inventories comprising traded hardware and software are measured at the lower of cost (determined using first-in, first-out
method) and net realisable value. Cost comprises cost of purchase and all directly attributable costs incurred in bringing the
inventories to their present location and condition. Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course
of business, minus the estimated costs of completion and selling expenses.
Element label ET Tagged information

Description of inventory cost formulas T Inventories comprising traded hardware and software are
measured at the lower of cost (determined using first-in, first-
out method) and net realisable value.
Inventory cost formulas Set EE First-in, first-out
Example 2
Depreciation
Depreciation is recognised in the statement of financial performance on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives
of each part of an item of property, plant and equipment, with the residual value considered to be zero. Depreciation on
contract-specific assets is charged co-terminus over the contract period. Management’s estimated useful lives for the year
ended 31 March 2023 and 31 March 2022 were: …

Depreciation method, property, plant and equipment T Depreciation is recognised in the statement of financial
performance on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful
lives of each part of an item of property, plant and equipment,
with the residual value considered to be zero.
Depreciation method, property, plant and EE Straight-line method
equipment, categorical
Example 3
Statement of compliance
The accompanying consolidated financial statements of the group have been prepared in accordance with IFRS Accounting
Standards and interpretations of those Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB).
These consolidated financial statements have been approved for issue by the board of directors on 18 June 2023.

Statement of IFRS compliance [text block] TB The accompanying consolidated financial statements of the
group have been prepared in accordance with IFRS Account-
ing Standards and interpretations of those Standards as issued
by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB).
Financial statements comply with IFRSs B True
Example 4
New amendments not yet adopted:
Some new Standards, amendments to Standards and interpretations of Standards are not yet effective for annual periods
beginning after 1 April 2022 and have not been applied in preparing these consolidated financial statements. New Standards,
amendments to Standards and interpretations of Standards that could have a potential effect on the consolidated financial
statements of the company are:
Amendments to IAS 12 Income Taxes
On 7 May 2021, the IASB amended IAS 12 Income Taxes and published Deferred Tax related to Assets and Liabilities arising from a
Single Transaction (Amendments to IAS 12) that clarify …
TECHNOLOGY UPDATE

Explanation of new Standards or interpretations not T Some new Standards, amendments to Standards and interpre-
applied tations of Standards are not yet effective for annual periods
beginning after 1 April 2022 and have not been applied in
preparing these consolidated financial statements.
New Standards or interpretations not applied B True

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March 2024

IFRS Taxonomy Update

IFRS ® Accounting Taxonomy 2023—Update 2

Common Practice for Financial Instruments,

Common Practice for Financial Instruments, General

© 2024 IFRS Foundation

(b) the IFRS Accounting Taxonomy’s ‘technology’.

What is common practice?

What are general improvements?

What are technology changes?

1 Using the IFRS Taxonomy—Guide to Common Practice Content is available at https://www.ifrs.org/content/dam/ifrs/standards/taxonomy/2021/

IFRS Accounting Taxonomy due process

Reading this Update

Documentation and guidance labels

Editorial corrections to the IFRS Accounting Taxonomy

IFRS Accounting Taxonomy files

Common practice—Financial instruments

Scope of the financial instruments common practice review

Statement of financial position

Categories of financial assets and financial liabilities

(f) financial assets measured at amortised cost.

(g) financial liabilities measured at amortised cost.

7 The IFRS Accounting Taxonomy includes common practice elements for:

Presentation of financial assets by shared characteristics

‘Debt securities’ and ‘equity securities’ as separate classes of financial assets

Standard label Documentation label

19 In addition to the common practice elements, the Foundation:

Common practice elements for presentation of financial assets by shared characteristics

(a) infrequently reported concepts do not constitute common practice; and

Element label ET ER Reference

Element label ET ER Reference

Presentation in the statement of financial position

Commonly reported classes of financial assets

Element label ET ER Reference

Allowance for expected credit losses

Presentation of financial liabilities by shared characteristics

Element label ET ER Reference

Presentation of financial liabilities by class

Element label ET ER Reference

Statement of cash flows

Cash flows from operating activities—Indirect method

Element label ET Balance ER Reference

Element label ET Balance ER Reference

Element label ET Balance ER Reference

Cash flows from operating activities—Direct method

(a) fees and commissions paid (paragraph 46);

(c) recoveries of loans previously written off (paragraph 48).

Element label ET ER Reference

(a) interest received from loans and advances;

(b) interest received from debt instruments held; and

(c) interest paid on deposit liabilities.

Element label ET ER Reference

Element label ET ER Reference

Cash flows from operating activities—Changes in operating assets and liabilities

Element label ET ER Reference

Element label ET ER Reference

Cash flows from investing activities

Element label ET ER Reference

Cash flows from financing activities

Element label ET ER Reference