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01 Programming Concepts

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01 Programming Concepts

Uploaded by

munirrahmanhotak
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Programming Concepts

Instruction, Program, Software


Program V/S Programming
• Program:
• A set of instructions in sequence which perform certain task or solve a
problem
• Instruction:
• A set of tokens/words which are arranged in syntactical order to perform a
single operation by computer processor

• Programming:
• The concepts and fundamentals required to write a program is called
programming
Software
• Computer System divided into two categories
• Hardware – physical or visible components of system i.e. Monitor, CPU
• Software – collection of programs which enable hardware to perform tasks
• Software mainly divided into two categories
• System Software:
• Maintains system resources(hardware) and gives path to run application software
• Windows, Linux, Android,
• Application Software:
• All user specific tasks are performed by Application software
• Games Application, MS Office,
Programming Languages
• Programming languages are computer languages used to
communicate with computer to program different application and
system software
• Generally there are two type of programming languages
• High Level Programming Languages – Instructions are Eng. Statements(Source
Code )
• C, C++, Java, Python,
• Low Level Programming Languages – Instructions are in zero one format or
words format( Machine Code)
• Assembly Language: Instructions are basically words – MOV a b
• Absolute Machine Language: Instructions are in binary format
Compiler/Interpreter Software

• Each High level language comes with its Compiler or Interpreter


software that converts source code into Object code

• Compiler – Scan the entire program and translates it as a whole into


machine code.

• Interpreter – Translate program one statement at a time

• IDE Software – Integrated Development Environment software


C Programming Language History
ALGOL International Group (1960)
BCPL Martin Richards (1967)
B Ken Thompson (1970)
Traditional C Denis Ritchie (1972)
K&RC Kernighan and Ritchie (1978)
ANSI C ANSI Committee (1983)
ANSI ISO C ISO Committee (1990)
C99 Standardization Committee (1999)
Features of C Programming Language
C provides:
• Efficiency, high performance and high quality
• Many high-level and low-level operations
• Provide functionality through rich set of functions libraries
• Gateway for other professional languages like C++, Java
C is used:
• System software Compilers, Editors, embedded systems
• Data compression, graphics and computational geometry, utility programs
• Databases, operating systems, device drivers, system level routines
• There are zillions of lines of C legacy code
• Also used in application programs
Flow of Execution of C Program

Editor / IDE Preprocessor Compiler Linker Loader CPU

Write Source
Preprocess Compile Link Edit Load Execute
Code

Build Run

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