Analysis and Design of Non-rectangular Beams (WSD)

1. A concrete beam with an irregular section is doubly reinforced with 2

−25 mm ϕ bars at the top and 3−25 mm ϕ bars at the bottom. Suppose

The concrete has strength 𝑓𝑐′ = 32 MPa while the reinforcement bars
that the beam is loaded such that the bottom is subjected to tension.

have yield strength 𝑓𝑦 = 275 MPa.

a. Find the depth of the compression stress block, in mm.

b. What is the ultimate moment capacity of the beam, in kN-m?

c. If the beam is uniformly loaded along a simple span of 6 m, what is

the maximum intensity of the service load (Dead + Live), in kN/m, that

superimposed dead load? Use 𝑤𝑢 = 1.2D +1.6𝐿 and 𝛾conc = 23.6 kN/m3.
the beam could carry, assuming live load is three times as large as the

SOLUTION:

Assume that the depth of the compression stress block, 𝑎 > 65 mm, such that it
activates

the compression reinforcement. Assume also initially that only tension steel
yields.
Using triangle similarity,

a 300 3a
= →b=
b 450 2

Acompression block=
ab 1
2
=
2 () ( )
(a)
3a
2
=0.75 a 2

A ' s=( 2 ) ( π4 ) (25 )=981.748 mm

2 2

A s=( 3 ) ( π4 ) (25 )=1472.622mm

2 2

Now, since 28 MPa < fc ′ = 32 MPa < 55 MPa, then from NSCP 2015 Table
422.2.2.4.3,

( )
'
β 1=0.85−0.05
f c −28
7
=0.85−0.05
32−28
7 ( )
β 1=0.821

Furthermore,

0.003
∈' s=
0.003
c
∙ ( c−65 )=
a a
0.821 0.821 (
−65 =0.003−
a)
0.160
¿

Now,
' 2 2
C c =A compression block ∙ 0.85 f c =0.75 a ( 0.85 ) (32 )=20.4 a

T = A s f y =1472.622 ( 275 )=404970.928 N

(
C s= A ' s ∈' s E=( 981.748 ) 0.003−
0.160
a )
( 200000 )=589048.6225−
31450988.95
a

By statics,
 T =C c +C s

2 31450988.95
404970.28=20.4 a +589048.6225−
a
3
0=20.4 a +184077.6945 a−31450988.95
a=90.0182328 mm
Checking the strain in the compression steel,

' 0.160 0.160 275

e s=0.003− =0.003− =0.00122<∈ y = =0.001375 ∴ Assumptionis verified !
a 90.018 200000
∴ a=90.018 mm Ans. a

Now, checking the strain in the tension steel,

90.018
c= =109.587 mm
0.821
0.003 0.003
∈s= ( d−c )= ( 450−65−109.587 )=0.0075> 0.005 ∴Tension−controlled
c 109.587
Calculating the moment capacity,

M n=¿

M n=130.41 kN −m

M u=∅ M n=0.90 ( 130.415 )

M u=117.374 kN −m Ans. b

Now,
2
wu L
M u=
8

w u (62 )
117.374=
8
kN
w u=26.083
m
Calculating self-weight,

w selfweight =23.6 ¿

Now,
 w u=1.2 ( w selfweight +W dead ) +1.6 (W live )

26.083=1.2 ( 3.186 +w dead ) +1.6 ( 3 w dead )

kN
w dead=3.170
m
kN
w live=3 w dead =3 ( 3.710 )=11.130
m
w service =w dead +w live=3.710+11.130

kN
w service =14.840 Ans. C
m
2. Assume fy = 345 MPa and f’c = 21 MPa.
a. Compute the area of concrete
b. Find the distance from the extreme compression fiber to the neutral axis.
c. Compute the ultimate moment capacity of the beam.

π
A s= ¿
4
2
A s=3217 mm
Assuming steel yields:
Tension, T = Asfy
T = 3217(345)
T =1109865 N
Compression, C = 0.85 f’c Ac
C = 0.85 (21) Ac =17.85 Ac
[T=C]
1109865 = 17.85 Ac
Ac=62177 mm2 Ans. a
Check if steel yields:
a=β 1 c

a 208
c= = =245 mm Ans. b
β 1 0.85

fs
200000 0.003
=
380 245
f s=931 MPa> f y ( steel yields ,OK )

C 1=0.85 ( 21 ) (375 × 83 )

C 1=555581 N

C 2=0.85 ( 21 ) (125 × 125 )

C 2=278906 N

M u=∅ C1 ( 458.5 ) +∅ ( 2C 2 ) ( 562.5 )

M u=0.90 ( 555581 ) ( 458.5 )+ 0.90 ( 2× 278906 ) ( 562.5 )

M u=511652824.65 N −mm∨511.65 kN −mm Ans. c