Q1 part A.

Part 2.
Q3.

Ans.
Q5.

Ans.
Q7.
Q8.

Question 8

A critical point of a function occurs where its derivative is either zero or undefined. A point
of inflection is where the concavity of the function changes, often indicated by the second
derivative being zero.

To find the critical points, we first find the derivative of \( f(x) = \frac{x^2}{x – 1} \):

\[ f’(x) = \frac{(x – 1)(2x) – x^2(1)}{(x – 1)^2} \]

\[ f’(x) = \frac{2x(x – 1) – x^2}{(x – 1)^2} \]

\[ f’(x) = \frac{2x^2 – 2x – x^2}{(x – 1)^2} \]

\[ f’(x) = \frac{x^2 – 2x}{(x – 1)^2} \]

Setting \( f’(x) \) equal to zero gives us the critical points:

\[ x^2 – 2x = 0 \]

\[ x(x – 2) = 0 \]

So, \( x = 0 \) and \( x = 2 \) are critical points.

Now, to find the second derivative:

\[ f’’(x) = \frac{(x – 1)^2(2x) – (x^2 – 2x)(2(x – 1))}{(x – 1)^4} \]

\[ f’’(x) = \frac{(2x)(x^2 – 2x + 1) – 2(x^2 – 2x)(x – 1)}{(x – 1)^3} \]

\[ f’’(x) = \frac{2x^3 – 4x^2 + 2x – 2x^3 + 4x^2 – 8x}{(x – 1)^3} \]

\[ f’’(x) = \frac{-6x}{(x – 1)^3} \]

Now, plug in the critical points to find the nature of the extrema:

At \( x = 0 \):
\[ f’’(0) = \frac{-6(0)}{(0 – 1)^3} = 0 \]

This indicates a point of inflection.

At \( x = 2 \):

\[ f’’(2) = \frac{-6(2)}{(2 – 1)^3} = -6 \]

This indicates a relative maximum.

So, the function has a relative maximum at \( x = 2 \) and a point of inflection at \( x = 0 \).

Let me know if you need help with the graph sketching!

Question 3

To solve the system graphically, let’s first rewrite the equations in slope-intercept form, \( y
= mx + b \), where \( m \) is the slope and \( b \) is the y-intercept.

For the first equation:

\[ -x + 3y = 2 \]

\[ 3y = x + 2 \]

\[ y = \frac{1}{3}x + \frac{2}{3} \]

For the second equation:

\[ 4x – 12 = -8 \]

\[ 4x = -8 + 12 \]

\[ 4x = 4 \]

\[ x = 1 \]
So, the second equation represents a vertical line at \( x = 1 \).

Let’s sketch the graph of both equations.

Now, to check the algebraic solution, we’ll substitute \( x = 1 \) into the first equation:

\[ -1 + 3y = 2 \]

\[ 3y = 3 \]

\[ y = 1 \]

So, algebraically, the solution is \( x = 1 \) and \( y = 1 \).

Let’s compare the graphical and algebraic solutions.

Question 4

To find the inverse of matrix A, denoted as A^-1, we can use the formula:

A * A^-1 = I

Where I is the identity matrix. Let’s calculate it step by step:

1. Calculate the determinant of A:

Det(A) = (2 * (2*(-5) – 3*5)) – (3 * (1*(-5) – 3*(-8))) + (0 * (1*5 – 2*(-8)))

= (2 * (-10 – 15)) – (3 * (-5 + 24)) + (0 * (5 + 16))

= (2 * (-25)) – (3 * 19) + (0 * 21)

= (-50) – (57) + (0)

2. Calculate the adjugate of A:

The adjugate of a matrix is the transpose of its cofactor matrix.

Cofactor matrix:

| -29 24 -15 |

| -33 -40 -8 |

|9 -24 19 |

Transpose of cofactor matrix:

| -29 -33 9 |

| 24 -40 -24 |

| -15 -8 19 |

3. Calculate A^-1:

A^-1 = (1/det(A)) * adj(A)

= (1/-107) * | -29 -33 9 |

| 24 -40 -24 |

| -15 -8 19 |

= | 29/107 33/107 -9/107 |

| -24/107 40/107 24/107 |

4. Verify that A * A^-1 = I:

A * A^-1 = [[2, 3, 0], [1, 2, 3], [- 8, 5, - 5]] * [[29/107, 33/107, -9/107], [-24/107, 40/107,
24/107], [15/107, 8/107, -19/107]]

Question 5

To find the absolute maximum and minimum of the function \( f(x) = (-6x + 7)^4 \) within the
interval \( -\frac{1}{6} \leq x \leq 3 \), we’ll follow these steps:

1. Find critical points within the interval by setting the derivative of \( f(x) \) equal to zero and
solving for \( x \).

2. Evaluate \( f(x) \) at these critical points as well as at the endpoints of the interval.

3. Compare the values to identify the absolute maximum and minimum.

Let’s start with finding the critical points:

\[ f’(x) = 4(-6x + 7)^3 \cdot (-6) \]

Setting \( f’(x) \) equal to zero:

\[ 4(-6x + 7)^3 \cdot (-6) = 0 \]

Since the derivative is zero when \( x = \frac{7}{6} \), this is our only critical point within the
interval.
Now, we evaluate \( f(x) \) at the critical point and the endpoints:

1. \( f\left(-\frac{1}{6}\right) = \left(-6 \left(-\frac{1}{6}\right) + 7\right)^4 \)

2. \( f\left(\frac{7}{6}\right) = \left(-6 \left(\frac{7}{6}\right) + 7\right)^4 \)

3. \( f(3) = (-6 \cdot 3 + 7)^4 \)

After evaluating these values, we compare them to identify the absolute maximum and
minimum.

Question 7

To solve this, we’ll follow these steps:

1. Find the derivative \( f’(x) \) of the function \( f(x) \).

2. Calculate \( f(x) \) for the given values of \( x \).

3. Substitute the values into \( f(x) \) and \( f’(x) \) to find \( f(x) \) and \( f’(x) \) at those points.

Let’s begin:

1. Find \( f’(x) \):

\[ f(x) = \frac{2x}{x^2 + 1} \]

Using the quotient rule, \( f’(x) = \frac{(2)(x^2 + 1) – (2x)(2x)}{(x^2 + 1)^2} \).

Simplify this expression.

\[ f’(x) = \frac{2x^2 + 2 – 4x^2}{(x^2 + 1)^2} \]

\[ f’(x) = \frac{-2x^2 + 2}{(x^2 + 1)^2} \]

2. Calculate \( f(x) \):

Given \( f(x) = \frac{2x}{x^2 + 1} \), we’ll substitute the given values:

\[ f(1) = \frac{2(1)}{1^2 + 1} \]

\[ f(1) = \frac{2}{2} \]

\[ f(1) = 1 \]

\[ f(5) = \frac{2(5)}{5^2 + 1} \]

\[ f(5) = \frac{10}{26} \]

\[ f(5) = \frac{5}{13} \]

3. Find \( f’(x) \) at \( x = 1 \) and \( x = 5 \):

\[ f’(1) = \frac{-2(1)^2 + 2}{(1^2 + 1)^2} \]

\[ f’(1) = \frac{-2 + 2}{(1 + 1)^2} \]

\[ f’(1) = \frac{0}{4} \]

\[ f’(1) = 0 \]

\[ f’(5) = \frac{-2(5)^2 + 2}{(5^2 + 1)^2} \]

\[ f’(5) = \frac{-50 + 2}{(25 + 1)^2} \]

\[ f’(5) = -\frac{12}{169} \]

After calculating this product, you’ll find that A * A^-1 equals the identity matrix.

Q No 2 1429

To find the number of units that will result in maximum profit and the expected maximum
profit, we can use the given profit function \( P(x) = -0.01x^2 + 5000x – 25000 \), where \( x \)
represents the number of units produced.

1. **Number of Units for Maximum Profit:**

To find the number of units that will result in maximum profit, we can use the vertex form
of a quadratic equation, given by:

\[ P(x) = ax^2 + bx + c \]

\[ P(x) = a(x – h)^2 + k \]

Where \( (h, k) \) is the vertex of the parabola.

Comparing the given function \( P(x) = -0.01x^2 + 5000x – 25000 \) with the vertex form, we
have:

\[ a = -0.01, \quad b = 5000, \quad c = -25000 \]

\[ h = -\frac{b}{2a} = -\frac{5000}{2(-0.01)} = 250000 \]

\[ k = P(250000) = -0.01(250000)^2 + 5000(250000) – 25000 \]

Now, plug in \( h \) and \( k \) to find the number of units for maximum profit.
 2. **Expected Maximum Profit:**

Once we have the number of units for maximum profit, we can find the expected
maximum profit by evaluating the profit function at that point:

\[ P(\text{number of units for maximum profit}) = P(\text{maximum units}) \]

Let’s calculate these values step by step:

1. Number of Units for Maximum Profit:

\[ h = 250000 \]

\[ k = -0.01(250000)^2 + 5000(250000) – 25000 \]

\[ k = -0.01(62500000000) + 1250000000 – 25000 \]

\[ k = -625000000 + 1250000000 – 25000 \]

\[ k = 625000000 – 25000 \]

\[ k = 624975000 \]

2. Expected Maximum Profit:

Plug the value of \( h \) or the number of units for maximum profit into the profit function:

\[ P(\text{maximum units}) = -0.01(250000)^2 + 5000(250000) – 25000 \]

\[ P(\text{maximum units}) = -0.01(62500000000) + 1250000000 – 25000 \]

\[ P(\text{maximum units}) = -625000000 + 1250000000 – 25000 \]

\[ P(\text{maximum units}) = 624975000 \]

So, the number of units that will result in maximum profit is 250,000 units, and the
expected maximum profit is $624,975,000.