Human Responses to Emerging

Challenges in Contemporary Society

What I Need to Know

The module is designed for the learners to understand the challenges in contemporary
society and how human expected to response to it. Specifically, it will tackle two major
challenges to human adaptation and social change: Global Warming and Climate Change,
and Transnational Migration, and Overseas Filipino workers. Global warming and climate
change which relate to ecological problems and the transnational migration and the
challenges of cultural differences and culture shock specifically experienced by Overseas
Filipino workers abroad. Further, it provides details on the advantages and disadvantages
of international labor migration by highlighting the impact on domestic economies and the
results to the formation of the transnational household and family. Basically,
understanding the concept of these new challenges help prepare the learner to real life
situation. Accompanied into this module are two subtopics and various activities that were
developed based on learning competencies. This could help the learners to test what they
have already known and what they have learned.

PROPER LESSON

I. Global Warming

Global Warming

When carbon dioxide (CO2) and other air pollutants and greenhouse gases

build up in the atmosphere, they absorb sunlight and solar energy that has bounced

off the earth's surface, resulting in global warming. Normally, this radiation would

escape into space, but these pollutants, which may linger in the atmosphere for years

to centuries, trap the heat and cause the planet to become hotter. The greenhouse
effect is the result of this. The term "global warming" refers to a gradual rise in the average
temperature of

the Earth's atmosphere and oceans, a phenomenon that is thought to be irreversibly

altering the Earth's climate. It has now become a major issue for the entire environment. It
is mostly caused by the greenhouse effect. Effects of global warming:

• Temperature rises on average

• Seasonal changes

• Severity of harsh weather events.

• Water and food shortages,

• Increased health risks,

• Coastal inundation,

• Increased frequency and intensity of cyclones and hurricanes are all factors to

consider.

As the earth's temperature rises, a huge amount of ice melts, causing a large

volume of water to flow into the ocean, raising the sea level.

Since ice caps and glaciers have begun to melt, species that reside in such

habitats have begun to relocate, potentially leading to extinction due to habitat loss.

Because of the vast volume of water evaporated into the air as the sea level rises, high

levels of precipitation will occur, and the earth will suffer intense rains or storms.

Carbonic acid is created when carbon dioxide dissolves in sea water, acidifying

the ocean as indicated by a pH shift.

Furthermore, animals produce a lot of methane. Some fertilizers also produce

nitrous oxide, a greenhouse gas that contributes to the rise in global temperatures.

The greenhouse effect is a phenomenon in which radiation from the earth's

atmosphere warms its surface to a temperature higher than it would be without it.

Greenhouse gases are to blame.

Everything happens in a series of events. One effect can lead to the occurrence

of another. A lot can happen to our ecosystem if we use these. Human limitations can

be pushed by a variety of factors. It would put our health, surroundings, and physical

capabilities to the test.

II. Climate Change

Climate change has arisen as a result of global warming. These terms are sometimes used
interchangeably, but they are distinct. Changes in weather patterns and growing seasons
all around the world are referred to as climate change. It also refers to the rise in sea level
caused by warmer oceans expanding and melting ice sheets and glaciers. Climate change
is a result of global warming, and it poses a severe threat to human life on the planet in the
form of widespread flooding and catastrophic weather. Typhoon Haiyan, also known as
Super Typhoon Yolanda in the Philippines, was one of the most intense tropical storms ever
recorded and was caused in part by climate change.

Haiyan wreaked havoc on Southeast Asia, notably the Philippines, when it made landfall. It
is the deadliest typhoon in Philippine history, with at least 6,300 people killed in the
country alone. Haiyan is tied with Meranti for the strongest landfalling tropical cyclone on
record, according to JTWC estimates of 1-minute sustained winds. Bodies were still being
discovered in January 2014. The typhoon Yolanda phenomenon is one of the many difficult
issues that threatened to devastate Philippine civilization and the rest of the world. It had
an impact on the Filipinos' physiological, emotional, and mental well-being, as well as the
world community's charity in times of need, regardless of political allegiances.
Yolanda was said to have been caused by global warming and climate change.

The issue is that most of us are aware that climate change will have a significant impact on
our society, but we do not fully comprehend the phenomenon.Climate change is
characterized by irregular changes in the world's weather system, as evidenced by the
following indicators: rising sea levels, habitat destruction, Ocean acidification, extreme
weather.

These occurrences in various parts of the globe have an impact on all people on the planet.
All attempts to understanding and predicting the possible implications of climate change
are dominated by uncertainty. Climate change, on the other hand, will have an impact on
every area of society, the environment, and the economy. Human behavior, livelihoods,
infrastructure, laws and regulations, and institutions are all likely to be impacted.

III. Adaptation

Adaptation to Climate Change

Ways to adapt the situation of global warming.

❏ Practice conservation of natural resources

Air, water, soil, minerals, plants, and animals are all natural resources on the

planet. Conservation is taking care of these resources so that all living beings can

benefit from them now and in the future.

❏ Reduce pollution and waste

1. For on-the-go refreshments, use a reusable bottle or cup.

Bringing your own water with you reduces the likelihood of buying more

expensive beverages on the go. This will get rid of the single-use containers that

they come in.

2. Reusable supermarket bags are useful for more than simply groceries.

You may already have a reusable grocery bag, similar to a reusable water bottle,

but it is sometimes forgotten at home.

3. Make prudent purchases and recycle what you can.

You may limit the amount of garbage you make by selecting products that have

less wrapping or come in recyclable packaging.

4. It should be composted!

Compost and use your fruit and vegetable waste, egg shells, coffee grounds, grass

clippings, and leaves in your plant.

❏ Reuse water

Collecting part of the water you use in the shower is the simplest way to start

reusing water at home. A simple bucket would suffice; simply place it beneath

the stream while waiting for the water to warm up, then move it in front of you

once you've jumped in. The water can then be used to flush the toilet or irrigate

your garden.

❏ Recycle products

Newspapers, magazines, mixed paper, cardboard, tin cans, aluminum cans, glass

jars, and plastic containers are examples of products that can contain recycled

material.

❏ Conserve energy

The efforts to reduce energy consumption by utilizing less of an energy service is

known as energy conservation. This can be accomplished by either using energy

more efficiently (using less energy for a consistent service) or lowering the amount

of service provided (for example, by driving less).

Global Responses

Adaptation is a long-term process of making lasting changes in response to climate

change, with strong policy connections to economic development, poverty reduction, and
disaster management measures. At the international, national, regional, municipal, and
community levels, successful adaptation programs will include long term thinking and
consideration of climate change implications. Climate change vulnerabilities, relevant
technologies, capability, and local coping strategies, as well as government policies and
actions, must all be considered in adaptation planning. The Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change (IPCC) stated that unavoidable

climate change impacts exceed present coping capability, necessitating the

implementation of adaptation measures by societies and ecosystems. The IPCC defines
adaptation as "adjustment of natural or human systems to existing or anticipated climatic
stimuli or their effects that mitigates harm or leverages favourable opportunities." Despite
the fact that there are apparent ties between disaster risk management and adaptation,
the two approaches are supported by separate institutions, methodologies, and policy
frameworks. Adaptation has a high price cost. According to the UN Climate Change
Secretariat, developing nations will need between 28 and 67 billion dollars by 2030 to
adapt to climate change. Global adaptation funding is currently a fraction of what is
required.

Adaptation isn't a one-off problem. It will have to be factored into all future growth plans. At
the international, national, regional, municipal, and community levels, successful
adaptation programs will include long-term thinking and consideration of climate change
implications. To deal with uncertainty, adaptation methods must be robust against a
variety of potential climatic outcomes. It will also necessitate significant investment,
notwithstanding the necessity to address cost estimation challenges. Reducing poorer
countries' vulnerability to climate change and ensuring that development assistance does
not lead to maladaptation. Citizen engagement and awareness are required to maintain
and prioritize climate change actions. We change, grow, adapt, and possibly even learn and
grow smarter as humans. As the international body in charge of developing policy
frameworks to ensure a multifaceted approach to climate change, you, as a member of
society, may play a role.

IV. Transnational Migration and Overseas Filipino Worker

Transnational migration occurs when people move from one country to another while
maintaining their social ties. It's a global phenomenon that's only becoming bigger in terms
of scope, complexity,and influence. Migration is a source and result of larger development
processes, as well as a fundamental component of our globalizing world. Trans-migrants
are immigrants whose everyday lives are reliant on many and continuous interconnections
across international borders, and whose public identities are shaped by multiple nation-
states.

Factors of Transnational Migration

• Overpopulation

• Poverty

• Underemployment,

• Unemployment, and

• Low wage level

People flee to neighboring nations as a result of overpopulation. These people relocate to

other countries because they believe their current home no longer has adequate space for
them. Migrants seeking new homes are more likely to be found in countries with high
population growth and density.
They leave their home nation for a variety of reasons, including economic. They migrate to
other nations in pursuit of better economic opportunities for their families. These people
are motivated by a desire to profit. They send the money to their relatives in their home
country.

Advantages of Transnational Migration

Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs), are a well-known example of transnational migration.

According to the 2011 Philippine Overseas Employment Agency (POEA) report, the
Philippines has 10, 455, 788 million OFWs spread throughout 236 countries and territories,
making it one of the top three labor-sending countries in the world, after India and China.
Remittances made for 12.65 percent of the Philippines' gross domestic product in 2012.
(GDP). According to the National Statistics Office-Survey of Filipinos [NSO-SOF] (2011),
OFWs transferred a large amount of these remittances in cash to the family they left behind
to help them alleviate household financial restrictions, send their

children to school, and immigrate. With these figures, OFW remittances are hailed, since
they provide the country with greater economic benefits; nonetheless, there has been
much conjecture about the costs of migration within Philippine society. In an unusual turn
of events, the Philippines has become so successful as a labor exporter that it has
neglected to establish and deepen development processes. The goal of sending a million
workers per year indicates that migration will play a significant role in the country's long-
term development plans and prospects.

Labor migration from the Philippines is expected to continue even if the government does
not intervene, given to the growth of social networks, social capital, and social
remittances.

Filipino society has changed into a migration-savvy society, capable of responding

to and adapting to the shifting demands of the global labor market. Although it is agreed
that labor migration has benefited migrants and their families, the economic benefits

beyond the family are less visible. While remittances are considered to have boosted the

country's economy, their development effects have yet to be felt. Filipinos' educational and
professional objectives were integrated into their perceptions of the international labor
market. Individuals make choices based on their ideas of what is best for them. However,
these choices can have a long-term impact on communities and the country.

Disadvantages of Transnational Migration

• Include anxiety about destabilizing impacts of migrations and families.

• Delegation of responsibility to grandparents / nannies to care for their children.

• Apprehensions about materialism, etc.

While the Philippines' governments cannot prevent individuals from leaving, they can play
an important role in tackling the physical, social, and cultural issues that transnational
migration brings. Housing, social groups, and pre-departure orientation courses are all
examples of how they assist migrants in addressing their concerns and resolving
difficulties such as xenophobia and other human rights violations. They'll have to figure out
how to use migration as a tool for development. International talks and reflections on
migration and development going place in other nations might teach the Philippines a lot.
What I Have Learned

DIRECTIONS : Use this graphic organizer to help you summarize what you have learned in
this module.
What I Can Do

What can you personally contribute to educate the members of your community about

the issue of climate change? Develop a community-based plan of action highlighting

the following:

● Subjects/program

● Main Ideas

● Your primary role

● Your presentation/strategies

(write this on your notebooks).

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