PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT

Quarter 1- Module 1

Knowing and Understanding Oneself

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MARICRIS G. DRIO-RAVANILLA
TEACHER III
 UNIT 1: Self Development
Part 1: Knowing and Understanding oneself during Middle and Late Adolescence

To the student reading this:

Ever since we were born, we lived by series of questions about the how’s and why’s of our
existence and the things that surround us. Most of our questions are easily answered by
surfing in the internet. However, there are questions that are easy and difficult at the same
time. An example being the question- ―Who am I?‖. Easy in the sense that the answer lies
on our own understanding of ourselves. Right? But ironically, this is not what we
experience in reality. Most of us are hesitant to answer this question due to uncertainty in
life. We simply don’t understand ourselves enough to know.

According to Socrates, ―to know thyself is the beginning of wisdom. But, knowing and
understanding oneself is the most challenging part of our lives. Being certain on what and
who you are is still a question yet we are striving that somehow these questions will be
partly answered‖.

Let us uncover the truth behind this question and more through the help of this module.
So what are you waiting for? Hop on and let our journey begin!

TEST YOURSELF

Direction: Read and answer the 10-item Multiple Choice Pre-assessment Test.
Encircle the letter of your correct answer in each item.

1. What element refers to inborn ability of a person to do something?

A. skill B. talent C. gift D. mastery
2. What is referred to as an individual’s idea about himself?
A. self-image C. self-esteem
B. self-knowledge D. self-concept
3. Which self is referred as the one you see in the mirror and the self that has
characteristics that you were born to have?
A. ideal self C. actual self
B. self-image D. private self
4. What element refers to the learned ability of a person to do something?
A. skill B. talent C. gift D. mastery
5. Which ―self‖ refers to how a person aspires to be?
A. ideal self C. actual self
B. self-image D. public self
6. What can be derived from social interactions that provide insight into how others
react to you?
A. self-image C. self-esteem
B. self-knowledge D. self-concept

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 7. What is also known as our self-image?
A. ideal self C. actual self
B. private self D. public self
8. What is referred to as the means of utilizing all the resources (both personal and
professional) you have at your disposal to achieve your life and work goals?
A. Personal Effectiveness C. Personal Banner
B. Personal Life Goals D. Personal Efficiency
9. What process exists between the two selves which is complex because there are
numerous exchanges between the ideal and actual self?
A. conflict C. negotiation
B. agreement D. discussion
10. Which of the following statements explain the incongruence between the two
selves?
A. When what I am is aligned to what I want to be.
B. When social roles don’t dictate what I want to be.
C. When social roles dictate what I want to be.
D. When what I am is not aligned to what I want to be.

MODULE 1: I am Me!
Have you ever been asked questions like-
Who are you? What makes you ―you?‖
Most of the time, we simply answer it by stating our name, but do
you think it is enough for them to know us? Enough for you to know
yourself?
Knowing yourself does not simply end in knowing your name but
rather it entails a long process of discovery and adventure.
So, allow me to welcome you to this module with the following
learning targets that will surely help you to know and understand the
details of your own being.

LEARNING TARGETS:
a. explain that knowing oneself can make a person accept his/her strengths
and limitations and dealing with others better. EsP-PD11/12KO-Ia-1.1

b. share his/her unique characteristics, habits, and experiences.

EsP-PD11/12KO-Ia-1.2

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Lesson 1. Self-Concept

Activity 1. What I think of “Me”

Direction: Take a look at your own self-concept and answer the following self-concept inventory in the space before each item.
Give yourself a rating using the scale:

0 = very weak; 1 = weak; 2 = somewhat weak or somewhat strong; 3 = strong; 4 = very strong

Maturity
Physical Appearance ___21. I am emotionally stable and not easily
___1. I have strong sex appeal. rattled when faced with trouble.
___ 2. I am proud of my physical ___22. I am logical and rational in my outlook
figure. and decisions
___3. I feel and act with confidence. . ___23. I feel and act with confidence.
___4. I exude with charm and poise. ___24. I am a mature person
SUB-TOTAL: ________ SUB-TOTAL: ________

Communications
Human Relations
___17. I can express my ideas without difficulty
___5. I am easy to get along with. ___18. I talk in a persuasive manner that I can
___ 6. I can adjust to different people easily get people to accept what I say.
and different situations. ___19. I can express my ideas in writing
___7. I am approachable; other without difficulty.
people are at ease and ___20. I am a good listener.
comfortable with me. SUB-TOTAL: ________
___8. I am lovable and easy to love.
SUB-TOTAL: ________
Character
____13. I can be trusted in any transaction.
Intelligence
____14. I have a clean conscience and carry
___9. I am a fast learner, can understand no guilty feeling.
with one instruction.
___15. I have integrity and good reputation.
___10. I am intelligent.
___11. I have special talents and abilities. ___16. My friends and classmates can look up
___12. I can easily analyze situations and to me as a model worth emulating.
make right judgments. SUB-TOTAL: ________
SUB-TOTAL: ________

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How do you perceive yourself?
Look at the results of your self-concept inventory and answer the following questions.
1. In what areas do you consider yourself strong (scored14-16) or somewhat weak
(scored 10-13) and very weak (scored below 10)?

2. In what areas do you consider yourself ―weak‖ while others simultaneously consider
you to be ―strong‖? What are these? Check with your sibling or any adult member in
your family.
Example: A lady can say “I`m ugly” yet others consider her very charming. Or
conversely, one can have the illusion of saying “I am very intelligent or competent”
when most of his ideas sound unreasonable or illogical to most of the people.

3. How realistic do you think is your self- image?

4. To what extent does it reflect your actual self? Rate it from 1-5 as 5 being the
highest.

5. In what area of the ―self‖ did you score the highest? How can you relate this to the
corresponding part of tree and to yourself?

You did a great job! Continue doing the next

activities for you to discover more your self-
concept and how it will pave the way to self-
acceptance and better relationships with others.

TOPIC 1: Understanding Self- Concept

Read the short story below and reflect on it.

A man was once asked by a stranger, who are you? The man replied, I am a father,
a husband, a passenger and an architect. The stranger looked at the man completely
confused about what he said. The man continued, I am a father because I have a son. I am
a husband because I have a wife. I am a passenger because I ride a train to work and an
architect because I make house designs.

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Thought to Ponder: If you were the stranger, will you able to know the man? Justify your
answer.
If our identities and everything
we believe ourselves to be are
all dependent on something
else, so how can we know our
true self?

KNOWING MYSELF: SELF-CONCEPT

Self-concept is a predominant idea we have about who we are—physically,

emotionally, socially, spiritually, and in terms of any other aspects that make up who we are
(Neill, 2005). Self-concept are form and regulated as we grow, based on the knowledge we
have about ourselves. It is multidimensional, and can be broken down into these individual
aspects.

Self-concept were given definition by Roy Baumeister (1999) as ―The individual’s

belief about himself or herself, including the person’s attributes and who and what the self
is.” A similar definition of self-concept also comes from Rosenberg’s 1979 book which says
that, “the totality of an individual’s thoughts and feelings having reference to himself as an
object.”

Basically, self-concept is a person’s response to the questions such as, ―Who are
you?‖ and ―What makes you, You?‖. Hence, in order to develop self-concept, an individual
must have some level of self-awareness.

Self-Concept Theory

There are many theories about what exactly self-concept is and how it develops.
Generally, theorists agree on the following points:
• On the broadest level, self-concept is the overall idea we have about who we are
and includes cognitive and affective judgments about ourselves;

 Self-concept is multi-dimensional, incorporating our views of ourselves in terms of

several different aspects (e.g., social, religious, spiritual, physical, emotional);

• It is learned, not inherent;

• It is influenced by biological and environmental factors, but social interaction plays

a big role as well;

• Self-concept develops through childhood and early adulthood when it is more

easily changed or updated;

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 • It can be changed in later years, but it is more of an uphill battle since people have
established ideas about who they are;

• Self-concept does not always align with reality. When it does, our self-concept is
―congruent.‖ When it doesn’t, our self-concept is ―incongruent.‖ (Cherry, 2018B;
Gecas, 1982).

Carl Rogers and the Self-Concept Theory of Personality

Famed psychologist, theorist, and clinician Carl Rogers suggested a theory of how
self-concept influences and, indeed, acts as the framework for, one’s personality.

The image we have of who we are contributes to our personality, and our actions—
combined with our personality —create a feedback loop into our image of ourselves. Rogers
believed that our personality is driven by our desire for self-actualization. This is the
condition that emerges when we reach our full potential and our self-concept, self-worth,
and ideal self all overlap (Journal Psyche Authors, n.d.).

How we develop our personalities and self-concepts varies, thus creating the unique
individuals we are. According to Rogers, we always strive for self-actualization, some with
more success than others

How do people go about striving for self-actualization and congruence? This relates
to the idea of how anyone ―maintains‖ their idea of themselves. The theory of self-concept
maintenance states that we do not simply sit and wait for our self-concept to develop: we
take an active role in shaping our self-concept at all ages (whether we are aware of this or
not).

Characteristics of Self-Concept

Self-concept is the perspective we have on who we are. Each of us has a unique

self-concept, different from the self-concept of others and from their concept of us.

However, there are some characteristics that all of our self-concepts have in
common.

1. It shows uniquely with each person. Our self-concept depends on our own
perspective of who we are.

2. It ranges from very positive to very negative. There are times that we will feel
as though we are a very important individual, while sometimes we perceive
ourselves as worthless
3. It carries emotional, intellectual, and functional dimensions. Our ideas about
ourselves include our social image and role, behaviour, belief and others.

4. It changes with the context. New experiences may bring a new set of ideas on
our self-concept.

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 5. It changes over time. Our self-concept changes as we age and become mature.

6. It influences the individual’s life. Our perspective of who we are impacts the
way we live in the present and in the future.

It should also be noted that self-concept has two broad categories namely actual
self and ideal self.

The actual self is built on self-knowledge. The actual self is who we actually are. It
is how we think, how we feel, look, and act. The actual self can be seen by others but
because we have no way of truly knowing how others view us, the actual self is our self-
image. Thus our self-image is our public self.

Meanwhile, the ideal self is how we want to be. It is an idealized image that we have
developed over time, based on what we have learned and experienced. The ideal self
could include components of what our parents have taught us, what we admire in others,
what our society promotes, and what we think is in our best interest.

A complex negotiation exists between the two selves because there are numerous
exchanges between the ideal and actual self. These happens when the way that you are is
not aligned (incongruence) with how you want to be, thus this will result to mental distress
or anxiety. The greater the level of incongruence between the ideal self and actual self,
the greater the level of resulting distress. Thus, alignment between these two personality
domains is very important to achieve a sense of mental well-being or peace of mind. In
general, our self-concept must be rooted to our actual self or to reality.

Activity 2. Sing to know “Me”

Directions: Compose a three paragraph song each with four lines that will describe you.
Ensure that the song will reflect the concept about your actual and ideal self. Write your
song lyrics on the box below.

Lesson 2. Personal Effectiveness

Activity 1. What is Stopping You?

Read the short story below and reflect on it by answering the guide questions.

Once upon a time, there lived a farmer. One day he bought two water bottles. But
unfortunately, one of them had a big hole in the bottom of it. The farmer used those bottles

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to gather water and would bring them to his town. But the broken bottle leaked continuously,
because of this it him feel useless. And the other bottle, brimming with pride, teases him
every time he spills water.

One day, he couldn’t stand it anymore and asked the farmer to throw himself away.
However, the framer smiled saying, ―Did you see the road in our town recently?‖

They went back down the road and surprisingly there grew many beautiful flowers.
―Do you see that?‖ The water that you have spilled has helped these plants grow.

1. What was the limitation of the water bottle and in what way did this hinder him?
2. What made his limitation helpful?
3. How can you relate the story above to personal effectiveness?

. ―Each of us has our fair share of flaws, however we shouldn’t

let them define us, for it is up to us whether or not we let those
flaws hinder or help us to achieve our goals.‖ So rather than
spending your time worrying about your flaws, why not spend
each waking hour finding a way to use them to your
advantage? So, come on and learn personal effectiveness
with me.

TOPIC 2: Personal Effectiveness

Personal effectiveness means making use of all the personal resources – talents,
skills, energy and time, to achieve one’s life goals. The knowledge of oneself and how it is
managed impacts directly on one’s personal effectiveness. Being self-aware of your
strengths and weaknesses, learning new skills, techniques and behavioral flexibility are all
keys to improving one’s personal performance.

KEY ELEMENTS TOWARDS PERSONAL EFFECTIVENESS

Personal effectiveness depends on the following innate characteristics – talent, life

experiences, knowledge and skills.

 Talent is an innate ability to do something well. Our talent starts by identifying our
likes or habit in doing a particular thing that we loved. We must be aware of our
talent to utilize it better because talents which remain undiscovered and hidden
often to die out. What will flourish are those we nurture.

 Life experiences can either be learned experience or interpreted stories that we

claim for ourselves, what we believe to be true or have knowledge of that is true. It
is our experience and knowledge gained through living. In life, we never literally

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 lose on something. We either win or learn. In anyways, always choose to learn
from our mistakes and past to achieve personal effectiveness.

 Knowledge are facts, information, and skills acquired by a person through

experience or education. Knowledge is important for setting goals, in outlining an
action plan and carrying out the task efficiently. Without the necessary knowledge,
there will be no good plan to start with.

 Skills are the learnt abilities of an individual. It not innate unlike talent, so we must
invest in acquiring it every now and then. Like how our technologies get updated
from time to time, our skills must be updated too to suit the changing needs of
society. If one aims to be effective, then he/she has to acquire new skills and
continue to learn how to develop it.

Here are some skills that will greatly help a person towards his/her effectiveness

1. Determination- drives us to go through the tedious steps towards your goals.

2. Self –confidence- having faith in your own capabilities enables us to perform certain
day-to-day tasks carefully and confidently- with little to no errors.

3. Persistence- the ―never quit‖ attitude. This helps us maintain consistency

throughout our endeavours.

4. Managing Stress- the ability to remain calm and composed in the face of problems
is a priceless skill considering the amount of stress on average we experience daily.

5. Problem-solving skills- these designs solutions for the setbacks we experience

towards our goals.

6. Creativity- helps us make ingenious solutions to seemingly impossible to fix

problems.

7. Generating Ideas- we rely on this skill when our previous approach seems to have
failed, to generate new and more effective ones.

Want to learn more? Kindly visit this link

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watch the video on, The 7 Habits of Highly Effective
People by Stephen Covey.

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 Activity 2. Where do I Belong?

Direction: Study the word pool below, group them according which elements of personal
effectiveness.

break up familiarity inquisitiveness travelling critical thinking

understanding innovation triumphs oral and written communication

adaptability awareness leadership

Talent Life Experiences Knowledge Skills

Now that you know your personal resources, you can develop
the ones which aren’t readily available to maximize personal
effectiveness. Let us proceed to the next activity to better
understand ourselves and our capabilities…

Activity 3. My BANNER: The Treasure Within Me

Directions: Fill the banner with the items listed below and answers the guide questions that
follow.

 1&2: two things I do very well 8: two personal goal that I achieved
 3&4: two failures that I encountered in life 9: three blessings I am most grateful for
 5: what I am proudest of in myself 10: one of my positive qualities
 6: my happiest moment 11: difficulties or hardships that I was
 7: two positive words that describe me able to solve and overcome

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Guide Questions:

1. From the data listed in your banner, which of these do you consider your strengths?
weaknesses? Why do you say so?

2. What steps will you take for you to be able to withstand your weaknesses?

3. How can you further enrich your strengths?

4. Where and how do you use it to your best advantage?

5. How can you use your weaknesses to your advantage?

BUILD ON YOUR STRENGTHS AND WORK ON YOUR WEAKNESSES

Most failures emanate from weaknesses that are not recognized or may be recognized
but not given appropriate attention or remedy. Instead of giving up or indulging in self-pity,
take action.

Below are the 6 ways that can help you to turn your weakness into strengths.

1. Recognize and accept your weaknesses. You can't turn your weakness into strength if
you're still denying its existence. So your first assignment is to recognize that you have
weaknesses and determine what they are.
2. Believe in yourself. Stop saying ―I can’t do it‖ and start saying ―I can‖. Everything is
possible with determination. What you believe will always happen. Do not be discouraged.

3. Stop Procrastinating. To procrastinate is to prolong your agony. If you really want to

turn your weaknesses into strengths then act as early as now. Take note that we cannot
turn back time and regret will always come after.

4. Be very prepared. Sometimes the best defence against a weakness is to

overcompensate with excellent preparation. We do not know what is coming because
everything is constantly changing, so being always prepared will lessen the chances of
failing.

5. Get guidance from someone you trust. We must not be afraid to admit that we cannot
solve all our weaknesses on our own. So, let somebody we trust help us. Remember two
heads are always better than one.

6. Explore Lots of Possibilities. People fail at coaching themselves and others when they
choose the easy way out. The natural instinct of us humans is to always jump to the
solution without comprehensively planning it first .To really create solutions; we need to

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 create a long list of possible ways. As we say, if plan A didn’t work, we still have B-Z to
let it work.
While turning our weakness into strengths, let us not forget also to recognize our
own talents and abilities. Continue to build them and utilize them to our greatest advantage.
In such ways, we will fully achieve personal effectiveness.

ASSESSMENT:

Direction: In a short size bond paper, create a poster illustrating the actual
self and the ideal self. Include here also your strengths and weaknesses.
Lastly show in a form of illustration your own ways to turn your weaknesses
into strengths.

CATEGORY 5 3 1
Content Presentation had an Presentation had a Presentation had
exceptional amount of good amount of moments where
valuable ideas and was valuable ideas, related valuable ideas was
extremely related to the to the topic and present, somewhat
topic and very beneficial beneficial to the class. related to the topic
to the class. and slightly beneficial
to the class
Attractiveness The poster is The poster is attractive The poster is
exceptionally attractive in in terms of design, acceptably attractive
terms of design, layout layout and neatness though it may be a bit
and neatness messy.
Graphics Several of the graphics One or two of the The graphics are
Originality used on the poster reflect graphics used on the made by the student
an exceptional degree of poster reflect creativity I but are based on the
students creativity in their their creation. designs or ideas of
creation. others

A Prayer for Self –Acceptance

Dear Lord,

I know that you created me according to your image.

This makes me your son/daughter.
I claim that You are my heavenly Father.
Thank you for revealing to me my real identity.
I know that in everything that I do, You will be my guide.
And that in everything that I do, it will always start
and end with You, my loving Father.

Help me to accept myself- warts and all for whoever I am is your gift to me
Who I will be as I make my daily decisions is my gift to You.
Thank you for being my Father, my guide and teacher as I live my life.
I ask this through Christ your Son with the Holy Spirit, forever and ever. Amen.
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REFERENCES

 https://www.lifehack.org/861439/turning-weakness-into-strength
 https://www.lifehack.org/861439/turning-weakness-into-strength
 https://positivepsychology.com/self-concept/#what
 Carpizo, Danilo and Macaranan, Mary Rose. Personal Development,
Fastbooks Educational Supply, Inc.©2017
 Fernandez-Wong, Barbara et.al, Personal Development Reader,
Department of Education-Bureau of Learning Resources, Sunshine
InterlinksPublishing House, Inc. © 2016
 Self-Development Learning Module by Maricris Digo-Labayandoy

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