WHOLE BRAIN LEARNING SYSTEM

OUTCOME-BASED EDUCATION
GRADE
Science, Technology and Engineering (STE) Program

RESEARCH II 10

LEARNING QUARTER 2

MODULE WEEK 1-2

 MODULE IN RESEARCH II
Science, Technology and
Engineering (STE) Program

QUARTER 2
WEEK 1 - 2

Research Design

Development Team
Writer: Maria Monica A. Hadap
Editors/Reviewers: Hamilton C. Remigio Flenie A. Galicinao
Lay-out Artist: Hamilton C. Remigio
Management Team: Vilma D. Eda, CESO V
Arnel S. Bandiola Lourdes B. Arucan
Juanito V. Labao Flenie A. Galicinao

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Research II (Grade 10) 1

 What I Need to Know

A research paper is prepared after a research has been completed although some of
its parts are written initially prior to the actual conduct of the study.

Methodology section describes in sufficient detail the procedure employed in the

research so it can be evaluated and repeated if necessary. Research design is a blue-print for
the collection, measurement and analysis of data.

Most Essential Learning Competencies

1. Apply the guidelines on how to make a research design.

2. Identify the experimental and control groups.
3. Design the necessary experimental and control set-ups.

Objectives:

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. explain and identify the different types of research design;

2. define and differentiate experimental and control group;
3. enumerate the guidelines in research design; and
4. write your own research design using the appropriate method.

What I Know

Directions: Read the questions carefully and choose the letter of the correct answer.
1. What statistical tool is to be used to determine the differences of parallel-group design?
A. F-test B. Pearson-r C. t-test D. X2

2. It refers to the repetition of basic experiment to provide estimate of variation among

observations on units treated alike.
A. local group C. replication
B. randomization D. validity

3. A descriptive design which is appropriate wherever the subjects vary among themselves
and one is interested to know the extent to which different conditions or situations obtain
among this subject is__________.
A. descriptive- analysis C. descriptive- status
B. descriptive- comparative D. descriptive- survey

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Research II (Grade 10) 2

4. It is the type of experimental design which involves one treatment with two or more levels.
A. parallel-group C. two-group
B. single-group D. two-pair group

5. A type of descriptive design which describes the nature of a thing by separating it into its parts.
A. descriptive- analysis C. descriptive- status
B. descriptive- comparative D. descriptive- survey

6. A type of descriptive research used to appraise carefully the worthiness of the current study.
A. descriptive- analysis C. descriptive- evaluative
B. descriptive- comparative D. descriptive- survey
7. A research design which gives the people sense of continuity from the past to present.
A. case study C. experimental
B. descriptive D. historical

8. A study entitled “Weight-Length Relationship of Milkfish cultured in fishpond using fish meal
as supplemental feed is an example of _____________.
A. CRD C. Counterbalance Design
B. Correlational Design D. RCBD

9. A research design consists of two or more variables in which the control group is
manipulated and serves as basis of the experimental groups.
A. Three-group design C. Two-Pair Group design
B. Two-Group design D. Parallel Group design

10. A research method wherein the study focuses at the present situation.
A. case study C. experimental
B. descriptive D. historical

Lesson
Research Design
1

What’s In

Directions: Read and study carefully the situation below and answer the questions on a
separate sheet of paper.

A researcher wishes to conduct a study on the effectiveness of teaching Mathematics

to SSC students using Problem Solving method and Graphical Method at the public schools
of Ilocos Norte. He uses tests as research instrument in gathering the data. All things are held
constant, except on the methods of teaching used. The appropriate statistical tools are mean
and z-test.

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Research II (Grade 10) 3

1. What are the two variables present in the research?
a. _______________
b. _______________

2. What could be the title of the study?

_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

What’s New

Chapter III in Research revolves in Research Methodology which includes research

design, materials, equipment/apparatus and utensils, procedures, and statistical treatment.

There are four kinds of research designs. These are the following: 1. historical, 2.
descriptive, 3. experimental, and 4. case study. In historical method, the study focused in the
past (what was); descriptive method, the study is focused at the present situation (what is);
experimental method, the study is focused in the future.

What is It

Research Design

The formidable problem that follows the task of defining the research problem is the
preparation of the design of the research project, popularly known as the “research design.”
Decisions regarding what, where, when, how much, by what means concerning an inquiry or
a research study constitute a research design.
“A research design is the arrangement of conditions for collection and analysis
of data in a manner that aims to combine relevance to the research purpose with
economy in procedure.” (Ahuja Ram, 2010)
“It is the plan, structure and strategy of investigation conceived so as to obtain
answer to research questions and to control variance” “It is a blue-print for the
collection, measurement and analysis of data” (Ahuja Ram, 2010)
Research Design Answers the following Questions:
• What is the study about?
• Why is the study being made?
• Where will the study be carried out?
• What type of data is required?
• Where the required data can be found?
• What will be the sample design?
• What techniques of data collection will be used?
• How will the data be analyzed?

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Research II (Grade 10) 4

Parts of Research Design
A. Clear statement of the research problem. The sampling design which deals with
the method of selecting items to be observed for the given study
B. The population to be studied. An observational design which relates to the
conditions under which the observations are to be made
C. Methods to be used in processing and analysing data. The statistical design
which concerns with the question of how many items are to be observed and how the
information and data gathered are to be analysed.
D. Procedures and techniques. The operational design which deals with the
techniques by which the procedures specified in the sampling, statistical and observational
designs can be carried out.
Research methods that involve the forms of data collection, analysis, and interpretation
that researcher propose for their studies.

Types of Research Design

1. Historical Design- historical research is the systematic collection and evaluation of
data to describe, explain, and thereby understand actions or events that occurred sometime
in the past (Fraenkel & Wallen, 2011)
2. Descriptive Design- refers to research that provides an accurate portrayal of
characteristics of a particular individual, situation or group. It is also known as statistical
research.

Types of Descriptive Research

(1) Descriptive-survey. This type is suitable wherever the subjects vary among themselves
and one is interested to know the extent to which different conditions and situations are
obtained among these subjects. The word SURVEY signifies the gathering of data
regarding present conditions. A survey is useful in: (1) providing the value of facts, and (2)
focusing attention on the most important things to be reported.

Example: A researcher wants to determine the Job- Related Problems and Job-Performance
of Staff Nurses in Private and Government Hospitals in the City and Province of Iloilo. He uses
a questionnaire as his research instrument and each item in the questionnaire for job-related
problems may be rated according to 4 levels to be chosen by the subjects or respondents
namely: 4- very serious problem, 3 - serious problem, 2 -fairly serious problem, and 1- not a
problem at all. From the data gathered, the researcher tabulates, analyses, and interprets
data. Then he proves the fact gathered area of value to the researcher in particular and to the
subjects in general. He should then focus his attention to the most serious job-related
problems met by the staff nurses.

(2) Descriptive-normative. Good and Scates (1972) stressed that “the term NORMATIVE is
sometimes used because surveys are frequently made to ascertain the normal or typical
condition for practice, or to compare local test results with a state or national norm”. In the
descriptive-normative surveys, the results/findings of the study should be compared with
the norm.

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Research II (Grade 10) 5

Example: A researcher wishes to conduct a study on the English achievement of fourth year
secondary students at the state colleges and universities in Region 1 (Ilocos Region). An
achievement test is the instrument used to gather the data. The results of the test are then
compared with the regional norm. If the achievement of the students is one standard deviation
above (+1SD) the mean, this means their achievement is very satisfactory; if within the mean,
satisfactory; and one standard deviation below (-1SD) the mean, unsatisfactory and they need
improvement.

(3) Descriptive-status. This approach to problem solving seeks to answer questions to real
facts relating to existing conditions. This is a technique of quantitative description which
determines the prevailing conditions in a group of cases chosen for study.

Example: A researcher wishes to conduct a study on the socio- economic status and
performances of instructors and professors of state universities and colleges in Region 1
(Ilocos Norte). He uses a questionnaire as instrument to gather data and requests the subjects
of the study to answer it. Based on the responses, the researcher can determine the socio-
economic status and performance of SUC’s universities and professors in Region 1 whether
the higher the socio- economic status is, the higher the performance will be; or the lower the
socio-economic status is, the lower the performance will be.

(4) Descriptive-analysis. This method determines or describes the nature of an object by

separating it into its parts. Its purpose is to discover the nature of things. The researcher
should determine the composition, structure, sub-structure that occurs as units with the
larger structure.

Example: A researcher wishes to conduct a study on the job analysis of personnel in

government and private hospitals in Region 1 (Ilocos Region). He devises a questionnaire to
analyse the job of the subjects of similar positions, function and responsibilities and with same
salary.

(5) Descriptive-classification. This method is employed in natural sciences subjects. The

specimens collected are classified from phylum to species.

Example: An investigator wishes to conduct a taxonomic study of sea urchins in the municipal
waters of Ilocos Norte. He collects from different research stations and then identifies and
classifies them according to classes and species.

(6) Descriptive-evaluative. This design is to appraise carefully the worthiness of the current
study.

Example:The researcher wishes to conduct a study on evaluation of an implementation of

WOW (War on Wastes) in the Division of Zamboanga del Norte. He devises a questionnaire
which evaluates the implementation of WOW and requests the division and district
supervisors, principals, head teachers, and teachers as subjects of the study to respond on it.

(7) Descriptive-comparative. The researcher in this method considers two variable (not
manipulated) and establishes a formal procedure to compare and conclude that one is
better than other.

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Research II (Grade 10) 6

Example: A researcher wishes to conduct a study on the effectiveness of teaching English
using rhetoric and content-based approaches to Bachelor of Computer Technology students.
He uses tests as research instrument. All things are held constant, except on the approaches
of teaching used. The two variables are rhetoric and content-based approaches. The statistical
tool used is the z-test. If significant difference exists it means an approach is better than the
other. With no significant difference, the two approaches are almost the same.

(8) Correlational survey. This method determines the relationship between two variable, X
and Y, if the relationship is perfect, very high, high or moderate.

Example: The researcher wishes to correlate the performance between English (X) and
mathematics (Y) of freshmen nursing students in the College of Nursing at the Mariano Marcos
State University. He uses tests as research instrument in gathering the data and Scattergram
as the statistical tool used to determine the correlation between X and Y.

(9) Longitudinal survey. This design involves much time allotted for investigation of the
same subjects of two or more points in time.

Example: Suppose the researcher wants to set up English achievement pattern to elementary
pupils ages 7 up to 12 at Central Elementary School. He takes a group of seven-year-old boys
and girls and records their Mathematics achievement over regular intervals (i.e. every grading
period). The researcher follows up this work until they reach 16 years old. Based on the data
findings, the researcher can set up Math achievement pattern from the same group over a
long period of time.

3. Experimental Design – a method or procedure involving the control or manipulation

of conditions for the purpose of studying the relative effects of various treatments applied to
members of a sample, or of the same treatment applied to members of different samples.
(Good, nd,p.216)
Experimental research is a highly a controlled procedure in which the manipulated
treatments, called the experimental or independent variable, are applied upon another factor,
called the dependent variable.

Functions of Experimental Design

a. It provides direction during the actual experimentation.

b. It allows a gain of maximum information relevant to the problem at minimum cost.
c. It makes the statistical test of significance valid because it takes into consideration
all the assumptions that went into deriving the various statistics.

General Features of Experimental Design

The design of an experiment depends on the type of research undertaken and the
nature of the condition under which the study was done. The design of an experiment is
dictated by the question it is to answer.
There is no common blue print that will serve as a guide in writing an experimental
design. Each problem requires its own unique design.

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Basic Principles of Experimental Design
1. Replication. It refers to repetition of the basic experiment. It is done to provide an
estimate of variation among observations on units treated alike, assessing the
significance of observed differences. It makes the test of significance possible.
The number of replicates needed is based on the degree of precision required, the
degree of homogeneity on the samples and the number of treatments in the study.
Precision refers to the degree to which the design can detect differences between
treatments.
Homogeneity means the samples have the same characteristics except in their
response towards the treatment variable.
2. Randomization –It is the assignment of the experimental units to the treatment or vice
versa by chance. It ensures a valid or unbiased estimate or population parameters, e.g.,
mean and differences between treatments. It ensures the validity of the statistical test of
significance.
Validity ensures that what should be measured is being measured; it also increases
the range of application of the results to a wider range of other similar conditions.
3. Local Control – It refers to the balancing, grouping and blocking of the experimental units
that are employed in the adopted design. Blocking is the allocation of the experimental
units to a block in such a manner that the units within the block are relatively
homogeneous. Some bases for blocking are height, age, sex, weight, differences in soil
fertility, and extent of exposure to sunlight.

Types of Experimental Research Design

1. Single-group design. The single group design is a design in which a group of
subjects are administered a treatment and then measured (or observed). A
single treatment with two or more levels.

Example illustration:
Suppose a researcher wishes to study on the effect of fish meal as supplemental
feed upon the yield of mud crab (Scylla serrata) cultured in the fishpond. In this
experimental study, fish meal is subjected to single treatment with different levels such
as 5%, 10%, and 15% based on body weight of mud crab. F·test or analysis of
variance (ANOVA) is used to determine the significant difference on the effect of fish
meal as supplemental feed upon the yield of mud crab (S. serrata) cultured in the
fishpond. If F-test value is significant, this means the yield of mud crab (S.serrata) using
fish meal indifferent levels really differ with each other. If F-test value is not significant,
this means fish meal of different levels upon the yield of mud crab (S. serrata) is almost
the same. The table below presents single-group design sample on the effect of fish
meal as supplemental feed upon the yield of mud crab (S. serrata) cultured in the
fishpond.

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Research II (Grade 10) 8

2. Two-group design. Two comparable groups are employed as experimental and control
groups or two comparable groups are both experimental groups.

Example illustration:

Suppose the researcher wishes to conduct a study on the effect of lab-lab (ordinary)
and seaweed meal as supplemental feeds of milkfish cultured in the fishpond. Lab-lab is the
control group because this is the natural food of milkfish and seaweed is the experimental
group. Mean and t-test are the appropriate statistical tools to this two-group experimental
design.

Effect of Lab-lab and seaweed meal as supplemental feeds of Milkfish

cultured in the fishpond

Weight of Milkfish (kg)

Lab-lab Seaweed Meal
(Control Group) (Experimental)
1 X
2 X
3 X
4 X
5 X

3. Two-pair group design. An elaboration of the two-group design wherein there are two
control groups and two experimental groups.

Example illustration:

Suppose a researcher wishes to conduct a study on the yield of cabbage planted in

plots using inorganic and organic fertilizers. The researcher uses two kinds of inorganic
fertilizers as control groups and two kinds of organic fertilizers as experimental groups. All
things are being equal except on the kind of fertilizers used. After harvest period, the cabbage
is weighed. Mean and ANOVA: two- factor or F-test are the statistical tools to be used. Mean
is used to determine the average weight of cabbage per plot and per fertilizer. ANOVA: two-
factor or F-test is used to test the significant difference in the weight of cabbage. If significant
difference exists, this means that the weights of cabbage using two-pair of inorganic and two-
pair of organic fertilizers really differ with, each other. If insignificant differences exist, this
I
means that the weight of cabbage using two kinds of inorganic and two kinds of organic are
almost the same.

Cabbage weight(kg)
Inorganic Fertilizer Organic Fertilizer
1 2 1 2
(Control Group) (Experimental Group)
x x x x
x x x x
x x x x

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Research II (Grade 10) 9

4. Parallel-group design. Two or more groups are used at the same time with only a single
variable (control) manipulated or changed. This type of design consists of three or more
groups wherein one group is control group with two or more experimental group. The
control group or parallel group serves as basis of the experimental groups which is
manipulated or changed, but the experimental groups vary.

Example illustration
Suppose the researcher wants to conduct a study on the effect of planting palay using
inorganic fertilizer, night soil, and chicken dung as organic fertilizers. The control group or
parallel group is inorganic fertilizer and experimental groups are night soil and chicken dung
as organic fertilizers. Mean and ANOVA: two-factor or F- test two-factor are the statistical tools
used to determine the mean weight of palay and the significant difference on the weight,
respectively. If significant difference exists, this means that the inorganic and organic fertilizers
used in planting palay really differ with each other because one fertilizer is most effective. If
no significant difference exists, thus, the inorganic and organic fertilizers used in planting palay
are almost the same.

Inorganic Fertilizer Organic Fertilizer

Research Stations (Control Group) (Experimental Group)
Weight (kg) Weight (kg) Weight (kg)
1 x x x x
2 x x x x
3 x x x x

5. Complete Randomized Design (CRD). This is achieved when the samples of experimental
units for each treatment are random and independent of each other. There is no control in
this design but the subjects will undergo randomization procedure. The experiment subjects
are assumed to be homogeneous with respect to the factors that could affect the treatments
being compared.

Example illustration:
Suppose the researcher wishes to conduct a study on the yield of culturing milkfish
using shrimp meal as supplemental feed in the fishpond. He uses 900 milkfish fingerlings and
three compartments in the pond. The 900 pieces of fingerlings are placed at random in the
pond. Of the 900 pieces, 300 pieces of fingerlings are placed in each compartment at random.
The weights of fingerlings are observed carefully. There are different percentages or levels of
shrimp meal in each compartment.

Percent (%) Supplemental Sampling

feed per Compartment
1 2 3 4 5
1 (10%) x x x x x
2 (12%) x x x x x
3 (15%) x x x x x

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Research II (Grade 10) 10

Example Illustration 2:

Randomization Procedure: Suppose there are 15 experimental subjects, three of

which will receive one of five (5) treatments or levels of an independent variable-A,B,C,D or
E. The three subjects receiving a particular treatment will be considered three replicates for
the treatment. The following steps are called for:

1. Number the experimental subject from 1-5.

2. Select at random a set of 15 three-digit number from the table of random numbers.
3. Assign ranks to the numbers: three ranks can be considered random permutation
(arrangement) of the numbers -15 assigned to the experimental subjects.
4. Divide the numbers into five (5) groups and assign treatment A to the first group, B for
the second group and so on.

Example:

201 5
744 12
947 15
221 6 A
932 14
450 9
449 8
162 4
B
045 3
327 7
036 2
024 11
610 10 C
890 13
017 1

Samples # 5, 6, 12, 14 and 15 will be assigned to treatment A

Samples # 3,4,7,8 and 9 will be assigned to treatment B
Samples # 1, 2, 10, 11 and 13 will be assigned to treatment C

6. Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). A group of test plants and animals as
subjects of the study which are studied only once but subsequent treatment are applied
are replicated to determine the cause of change.

Example illustration:

Suppose the investigator wants to conduct a study on the effect of culturing grouper
in fish cages using fish meal, bread meal, shrimp meal, and fish silage as supplemental
feeds. Each supplement al feed is replicated thrice. Hence, there are twelve (12) fish cages
in all in culturing of grouper. Mean and ANOVA or F-test are the statistical tools to be used.
Mean is used to get the weight of grouper. Anova or F-test is used to determine the significant
difference on the effect of culturing grouper in fish cages using fish meal, bread meal, shrimp
meal, and fish silage.

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Research II (Grade 10) 11

 Supplemental Replications
Feeds 1 2 3
Fish Meal x x x
Bread Meal x x x
Shrimp Meal x x x
Fish Silage x x x

7. Correlational Design. It determines the relationship of the two dependent variables on

how they are manipulated by the independent variables.
Example illustration:

Sample Correlation design on the relationship between the weight (X) and the length
(Y) of Mud crab (S. serrate) cultured in the fish pond using Bread Meal as supplemental Feed.

Mud crab Weight (X) grams Length (Y) cm

1 x x

2 x x

3 x X

Pearson product moment coefficient correlation is the statistical tool used to

determine the relationship between the weight (X) and length (Y) of mud crab cultured in the
fishpond using bread meal as supplemental feed.

GUIDELINES IN CONDUCTING EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH

1. Determining the experimental problem and variable. This is defining the problem
and you should apply the guidelines in selecting a research problem.

Example question 1: Phone use and sleep

You want to know how phone use before bedtime affects sleep patterns. Specifically,
you ask how the number of minutes a person uses their phone before sleep affects the number
of hours they sleep.

Research question Independent variable Dependent variable

Phone use and sleep Minutes of phone use Hours of sleep per night
before sleep

2. Surveying related literature and studies. Reading about related literature and studies will
give the experimenter a better understanding of his problem and experimental design. The
formulation of hypothesis, methodology, selection of samples, experimental design, statistical
procedures, etc., utilized in related studies will serve as guides.

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3. Formulating the hypothesis. These are questions which are to be answered by the study.
Now that you have a strong conceptual understanding of the system you are studying, you
should be able to write a specific, testable hypothesis that addresses your research question.

Null (H0) hypothesis Alternate (Ha) hypothesis

Phone use and Phone use before sleep Increasing phone use before
sleep does not correlate with the sleep leads to a decrease in
amount of sleep a person sleep.
gets.

4. Design your experimental treatments. How you manipulate the independent variable can
affect the experiment’s external validity – that is, the extent to which the results can be
generalized and applied to the broader world.

First, you may need to decide how widely to vary your independent variable.

Phone-use experiment
You can choose to treat phone use as:

• a categorical variable: either as binary (yes/no) or as levels of a factor (no phone use,
low phone use, high phone use).
• a continuous variable (minutes of phone use measured every night).

5. Assign your subjects to treatment groups. How you apply your experimental treatments
to your test subjects is crucial for obtaining valid and reliable results.

First, you need to consider the study size: how many individuals will be included in
the experiment? In general, the more subjects you include, the greater your experiment’s
statistical power, which determines how much confidence you can have in your results.

Then you need to randomly assign your subjects to treatment groups. Each group
receives a different level of the treatment (e.g., no phone use, low phone use, high phone
use). You should also include a control group, which receives no treatment. The control
group tells us what would have happened to your test subjects without any experimental
intervention.

When assigning your subjects to groups, there are two main choices you need to make
a completely randomized design vs a randomized block design. An experiment can be
completely randomized or randomized within blocks (aka strata):

• In a completely randomized design, every subject is assigned to a treatment group

at random.

• In a randomized block design (aka stratified random design), subjects are first
grouped according to a characteristic they share, and then randomly assigned to
treatments within those groups.

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 Completely randomized Randomized block design
design

Phone use and sleep Subjects are all randomly Subjects are first grouped by
assigned a level of phone age, and then phone use
use using a random number treatments are randomly
generator. assigned within these
groups.

Example question 2: Temperature and soil respiration

You want to know how temperature affects soil respiration. Specifically, you ask how
increased air temperature near the soil surface affects the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2)
respired from the soil.

Completely randomized Randomized block design

design

Temperature and soil Warming treatments are Soils are first grouped by
respiration assigned to soil plots at average rainfall, and then
random by using a number treatment plots are randomly
generator to generate map assigned within these
coordinates within the study groups.
area.

What’s More

A. Directions: Identify what is being asked below. Write your answer in as separate sheet of
paper.
___________1. This design is an elaboration of the two-group design wherein there are two
experimental groups and two controls.
___________2. This design involves two comparable groups employed as experimental and
control.
___________3. This design involves two or more groups used at the same time with only one
single variable manipulated or changed.
___________4. This design involves a single treatment with two or more levels.
___________5. This design involves a control and the subject will undergo randomization
process.
___________6. This design is used to determine the relationship between two dependent
variables.
___________7. This design does not make use of a control but the subjects will undergo
randomization process.
___________8. The statistical treatment used when comparing two groups: experimental &
control.

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___________9. The statistical treatment used when there are two groups of canned milkfish
compared; each group consists of salmon and Spanish style without
sargassum, but the other group has a sargassum.
__________10. The statistical treatment used when a control is compared to the 4 treatments
of jute ice cream.

What I Have Learned

Directions: Below is an exit ticket. After engaging in the different types of research design,
complete the table below.

RESEARCH

Three things I like about the Two things I want to share One thing I want to explore
topic to my friends more
1. 1. 1.

2. 2.

3.

What I Can Do

Directions: Revisit your research proposal. Write your own research design using the
appropriate method.

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 Post Assessment
Directions: Read the questions carefully and choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. A research design which gives the people sense of continuity from the past to present is
_____________.
A. case study C. experimental
B. descriptive D. historical

2. A study entitled “Weight-Length Relationship of Milkfish cultured in fishpond using fish meal
as supplemental feed is an example of _____________.
A. CRD C. Counterbalance Design
B. Correlational Design D. RCBD

3. What statistical tool to be used to determine the differences of parallel-group design?

A. F-test B.Pearson r C. t-test D. Xr2

4. It refers to the repetition of basic experiment to provide estimate of variation among

observations on units treated alike.
A. local group C. replication
B. randomization D. validity

5. A descriptive design which is appropriate wherever the subjects vary among themselves
and one is interested to know the extent to which different conditions or situations obtain
among this subject is__________.
A. descriptive- analysis C. descriptive- status
B. descriptive- comparative D. descriptive- survey

6. A research design consists of two or more variables in which the control group is
manipulated and serves as basis of the experimental groups.
A. Three-group design C. Two-Pair Group design
B. Two-Group design D. Parallel Group design

7. A type of descriptive design which describes the nature of a thing by separating it into its parts.
A. descriptive- analysis C. descriptive- status
B. descriptive- comparative D. descriptive- survey

8. A research method wherein the study focuses at the present situation.

A. case study C. experimental
B. descriptive D. historical

9. A type of descriptive research used to appraise carefully the worthiness of the current study.
A. descriptive- analysis C. descriptive- evaluative
B. descriptive- comparative D. descriptive- survey

10. It is the type of experimental design which involves one treatment with two or more levels.
A. parallel-group C. two-group
B. single-group D. two-pair group

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 Answer Key

Learner’s answers in the activities may vary

10. B 5. D

9. C 4. C

8. B 3. A

7. C 2. B

6. D 1. D

Post-assessment

10. B 5. D

9. D 4. B

8. B 3. D

7. D 2. C

6. C 1. A

Pre-assessment

References:
Calmorin, L.P. (2010). Research and statistics with computer. Mandaluyong City, Philippines:
National Book Store.

Canadian Institute for Knowledge Development. (2021). Types of scientific research.

Retrieved from https://icndbm.com/types-of-scientific-research/

Department of Science and Technology – Science Education Institute. (2001). Research II a

guide to investigatory projects. Taguig, Metro Manila: DOST-SEI.

International Network for Natural Sciences. (2021). Types of scientific research. Retrieved
from https://innspub.net/types-of-scientific-research/

Ram, Ahuja. (2010). Research method. New Delhi: Rawat Publication

Steps of the Scientific Method. (n.d.). Retrieved from

https://www.sciencebuddies.org/science-fair-projects/science-fair/types of variable

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Research II (Grade 10) 17

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Department of Education – Schools Division of Laoag City

Curriculum Implementation Division
Brgy. 23 San Matias, Laoag City, 2900
Contact Number: (077)-771-3678
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WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module Research II (Grade 10) 18