ELL 205: Signals And Systems

Tutorial Sheet-4

1. Calculate the Fourier transforms of:

a) (e−2(t−1) u(t − 1))
P∞+ 1)k+ δ(t − 1)
b) δ(t
c) Pk=0 α δ(t − kT ), |α| < 1
∞ −|t−2n|
d) n=−∞ e
e) x(t) as shown in Figure 1(a)

Figure 1: (a)

h i
2. Find F −1 1
(9+λ2 )(4+λ2 )

3. Given y(t) = x(t) ∗ h(t) and g(t) = x(3t) ∗ h(3t)

and given that x(t) has Fourier transform X(jω) and h(t) has Fourier transform H(jω), use
Fourier transform properties to show that g(t) has the form

g(t) = Ay(Bt)

Determine the values of A and B.

4. Let x(t) be a signal with Fourier transform X(jω). Suppose we are given the following facts:
a) x(t) is real.
b) x(t)R = 0 for t ≤ 0.
1 ∞ jωt dω = |t|e−|t| .
c) 2π −∞ ℜ{X(jω)}e
Determine a closed-form expression for x(t).
5. Show that the three LTI systems with impulse responses

h1 (t) = u(t), h2 (t) = −2δ(t) + 5e−2t u(t), and h3 (t) = 2te−t u(t),

all have the same response to x(t) = cos(t).

6. If the signal x(t) is given by

sin t sin t
∗
x(t) =
πt πt
with ∗ denoting the convolution operation, then x(t) is equal to

1
 7. Consider a causal LTI system with frequency response
1
H(jω) =
jω + 3
For a particular input x(t), this system is observed to produce the output

y(t) = e−3t u(t) − e−4t u(t).

Determine x(t).
8. A causal and stable LTI system S has the frequency response
jω + 4
H(jω) = .
6 − ω 2 + 5jω
(a) Determine a differential equation relating the input x(t) and output y(t) of S.
(b) Determine the impulse response h(t) of S.
9. The input and the output of a stable and causal LTI system are related by the differential
equation
d2 y(t) dy(t)
+6 + 8y(t) = 2x(t)
dt2 dt
a) Find the impulse response of this system.
b) What is the response of this system if

x(t) = te−2t u(t)

10. Prove that the Fourier transform of
x2
f (x) = e− 2

is self-reciprocal.
h i
11. Using Convolution theorem, find F −1 1
12+7iλ−λ2
.
2
12. Find the Fourier transform of e−x . Hence find Fourier transform of
2
e−ax , a > 0
(
1 − x2 , |x| < 1
13. Find Fourier transform of f (x) =
0, |x| > 1
14. Suppose that a signal x(t) has Fourier transform X(jω). Now consider another signal g(t) whose
shape is the same as the shape of X(jω); that is,

g(t) = X(jt).

(a) Show that the Fourier transform G(jω) of g(t) has the same shape as 2πx(−t); that is, show
that
G(jω) = 2πx(−ω).
(b) Using the fact that
F{δ(t + B)} = ejBω
in conjunction with the result from part (a), show that

F{ejBt } = 2πδ(ω − B).

15. Let x(t) and y(t) be two real signals. Then the cross-correlation function of x(t) and y(t) is
defined as Z ∞
ϕxy (t) = x(t + τ )y(τ )dτ.
−∞
Similarly, we can define ϕyx (t), ϕxx (t), and ϕyy (t). [The last two of these are called the auto-
correlation functions of the signals x(t) and y(t), respectively.] Let Φxy (jω), Φyx (jω), Φxx (jω),
and Φyy (jω) denote the Fourier transforms of ϕxy (t), ϕyx (t), ϕxx (t), and ϕyy (t), respectively.

2
 (a) What is the relationship between Φxy (jω) and Φyx (jω)?
(b) Find an expression for Φxy (jω) in terms of X(jω) and Y (jω).
(c) Show that Φxx (jω) is real and nonnegative for every ω.
(d) Suppose now that x(t) is the input to an LTI system with a real-valued impulse response and
with frequency response H(jω) and that y(t) is the output. Find expressions for Φxy (jω) and
Φyy (jω) in terms of Φxx (jω) and H(jω).
(e)
Let x(t) be as illustrated in Figure P4.50, and let the LTI system impulse response be

h(t) = e−at u(t), a > 0.

Compute Φxx (jω), Φxy (jω), and Φyy (jω) using the results of parts (a)-(d).

(f ) Suppose that we are given the following Fourier transform of a function ϕ(t):

ω 2 + 100
Φ(jω) = .
ω 2 + 25
Find the impulse responses of two causal, stable LTI systems that have autocorrelation functions
equal to ϕ(t). Which one of these has a causal, stable inverse?
16. Let us consider a system with a real and causal impulse response h(t) that does not have any
singularities at t = 0. We shall derive an explicit relationship between HR (jω) and HI (jω), the
real and imaginary parts of H(jω).
(a) To begin, note that since h(t) is causal, except perhaps at t = 0.

h(t) = h(t)u(t),

Now, since h(t) contains no singularities at t = 0, the Fourier transforms of both sides of above
eq. must be identical. Use this fact, together with the multiplication property, to show that
Z ∞
1 H(jη)
H(jω) = dη. (P4.48–2)
jπ −∞ ω − η

Use eq. (P4.48–2) to determine an expression for HR (jω) in terms of HI (jω) and one for HI (jω)
in terms of HR (jω).
(b) The operation
1 ∞ x(τ )
Z
y(t) = dτ (P4.48–3)
π −∞ t − τ
is called the Hilbert transform. We have just seen that the real and imaginary parts of the
transform of a real, causal impulse response h(t) can be determined from one another using the
Hilbert transform.
Now consider eq. (P4.48–3), and regard y(t) as the output of an LTI system with input x(t).
Show that the frequency response of this system is
(
−j, ω > 0,
H(jω) =
j, ω < 0.

(c) What is the Hilbert transform of the signal x(t) = cos 3t?