REVIEWER MATH Constructivism(elaisa)

Types of learning experience(abi&gracee) Approach to learning emphasizes that people actively construct or make their own
knowledge and understanding.
 Naturalistic experience- the child controls the choice and the action.
Learners are not passively acquiring knowledge but rather reflect on their
Role of adults in naturalistic experiences experiences
- the adults role is to provide an interesting and rich environment for the child. 3 main types of constructivism
- that is adults should offer many things for the child to look at touch, taste, smell
and hear. 1. Cognitive constructivism- knowledge is constructed through existing cognitive
structure or mental processes.
Informal learning 2. Social constructivism- knowledge develop through interaction and collaboration.
3. Radical constructivism- knowledge constructed through the subjective
Unstructured- a person is free to explore things that interest them they does not follow a
experiences of individual or interaction with the world
certain curriculum or timetable.
Discovery learning (michelle)
Self-directed- there’s no supervision of teacher
Jerome bruner- emphasizes experiential learning and active engagement
Intentional or Unintentional- a person could watch a youtube tutorial on purpose to learn
new things or they might discover things accidentally. Discovery learning- finding or uncovering something
Characteristics of informal -process of acquiring new understanding and knowledge
 essential for childs early development They have a lot of benefits in learning through discovery
 essential to an adult lifelong learning
1. Engagement
Structured learning- plan and organize, structured assessment 2. motivation
3. independence
Behaviorism(cyrille)
4. retention
John B. Watson (1878–1958) is an American psychologist who considered as the “father of 5. lifelong result
behaviorism.”
Gagne’s hierarchy of learning
Behaviorism focuses on the idea that all behaviors are learned through interaction with
1. Signal learning- the simplest form of learning known as classical conditioning
the environment. It is based on the idea that all behaviors are acquired through
2. Stimulus response learning- this is a voluntary response to learning that may be
conditioning, which is a process of reinforcement.
used in acquiring verbal skills as well as physical movements
Two types of reinforcement 3. Verbal association occurs when the learner makes association using verbal
connection
1. Positive reinforcement- refers to the practice of rewarding or reinforcing desired 4. Chain learning occurs when the learner is able to connect two or more
behaviors in order to motivate and encourage students in the context of previously learned stimulus response banned into a link order
education. 5. Discrimination learning is seen when the learner is able to perform different
2. Negative reinforcement- involves removing an unpleasant outcome in order to response to a series of similar stimuli that may differ in a systematic way
increase the likelihood that a behavior will occur again.
 6. Concept learning involves the ability to make consistent response to different 1. positive interdependence 2.
stimuli 2. face to face interaction
7. Rule learning this involves being able to learn relationship between two or more 3. individual and group accountability
concepts and apply them in different situation 4. interpersonal and small groups skills group processing
8. Problem solving involves developing the ability to invent a complex rule or
procedure for the purpose of solving one particular problem and other problems Project based learning (princess)
of a similar nature
is a teaching method that encourages students to learn through active engagement
Cognitive learning (czarina) in real world and personally meaningful projects

1. Sensorimotor- 2yrs, object permanence key features of project-based learning include

2. Preoperational- 2-7yrs, symbolic thought
1. engagement with real world problems or scenarios
3. Concrete operational- 7-11years, logical thought
2. inquiry and investigation
4. Formal operational- 12yrs above, scientific reasoning
3. collaboration
Inquiry approach (Irish) 4. application of knowledge and skills
5. reflection and evaluation
-is method of learning that focuses on actively engaging student in exploring real world 6. presentation
problems asking question and seeking solution through research and experimentation.
Problem solving techniques(kisses)
Based on john dewey's philosophy that education begins with the curiosity of the learner.
1. define the problem
Inquiry based approach to learning and courage students to build valuable and 2. list all the possible solution
transferable skills including realistic goal time information gathering critical thinking 3. evaluate the option
communication of ideas self-assessment and reflection. 4. select the best solution
5. create an implementation
4 types of inquiry based learning 6. plan communicate your solution
1. structured inquiry approach The 5e learning cycle(fran)
2. open ended inquiry approach
3. problem based inquiry approach -develop in 1987 by the biological sciences curriculum study promotes collaborative active
4. guided inquiry approach learning in which students work together to solve problems and investigate new concept
by asking questions observing analyzing and drawing conclusion.
Process approach (JP)
1. Engage peak and get them personally involved in the lesson while pre-assessing.
identifying and managing the process needed to deliver products and services it requires
organization to define and document their processes measure and monitor their 2. Explore- provide student with a common base of experiences and provide a framework
performance and continually improve them for student to build new knowledge.

Cooperative learning (Angelo) 3. Explain- Provide student with an opportunity to communicate what they have learned
and figure out what they still need to learn.
a teaching approach where students are grouped into small teams elements of
cooperative learning
4. Extend- Provides student with an opportunity to apply what they have learned to new Non-Linguistic Representations- asking the students to create non-linguistic
situation representations of the material that needs to know is a great way to encourage creative
thinking
5. Evaluate- Provide student with an opportunity to demonstrate their understanding of
the concept and skills they have learned Interactive direct instruction(alexa)

Activity approach(anne) direct instruction is a teacher directed teaching method this means that the teacher stand
in front of a classroom and present the information the teacher gives explicit guided
·This approach emphasizes participation and hands-on experiences of a student. instruction to the students
·It is an approach in which a child is actively involved in participating mentally and Instructional aids(rose) these are materials that are used to avoid in the transference of
physically. information from one another
Using patterns(raizah) These are devices that assist an instructor in teaching learning process
Pattern- do the same thing over and over again types of instructional aids
Investigate approach(alain) 1. audio aids are instructional materials in which the message can be heard only
and not seen
is a method of learning and teaching that gives student opportunities to their own
2. visual aids those instructional devices which are used in the classroom to
learning as they explore the underlying realistically complex situation
encourage learning and make it easier and motivating (project aids non-project)
Research based strategy (ira) 3. Audio visual aids are also referred to as educational material
4. activity aids include direct participation of a student and teacher to get first hard
strategies that have been identified to be the most effective at influencing students knowledge
learning outcomes and student achievement
What is modules?(raizel) An instructional unit within a larger course or curriculum,
Repetition- a simple strategy teachers can use to improve math skills is repetition by usually organized by chronology, topic, or theme. Most online courses are set up with
repeating and reviewing previous formulas lesson and information students are better able modules that correspond to the weeks or main topics of the semester, and learners
to comprehend concepts at a faster rate proceed through them in chronological order.

Time testing- taking a short test and then grading the test in class will help teacher assess Use of modules in education? Modules are used to organize course content by
the student understanding weeks, units, or a different organizational structure. Modules essentially create a one-
directional linear flow of what students should do in a course. Each module can
Pair work- students have different learning styles and need to have lesson that help contain files, discussions, assignments, quizzes, and other learning materials.
improve all styles of learning to get the best result group work is a simple strategy that
allows the student to work and problem solved with a body Instructional games(jasper) is a structured activity with set rules for play in which
two or more students interact to reach clearly designated instructional objectives
Manipulation tools- the use of blocks fruits balls or other manipulation tools help student
learn the basic of place value addition subtraction and other areas of basic math Computer aided instruction(airon) combination of text graphics sound and video in
enhancing the learning process
Math Games- provide the opportunity to make the lesson interesting
It is a teaching process in which a computer is used to enhance the education of
Homework and Practice- Students need to have the opportunity to engage in meaningful student
practice with the content they’re aiming to learn.
 types of computer aided instruction subjective test evaluated by giving an opinion

1. Drill and practice types of evaluation

2. tutorial
3. educational games formative evaluation the goal of formative evaluation is to monitor student learning
4. simulation to provide ongoing feedback
5. discovery
summative evaluation the goal of summative evaluation is to evaluate student
6. problem solving
learning at the end of an instructional
Collaborative learning strategy(camille) an instructional method that emphasizes a
unit tools in outcome based assessment (observation anecdotal record rating scale
students working together in a small groups to complete a task or reach a common goal
project)
Peer practice strategy(naomi) peer teaching involves students teaching each other new
Lesson plan(trina)
topics they have acquired in turns using appear to peer approach students work together
to improve their comprehension of a topic ability or idea different types of lesson plan
Critical and creative thinking skills in intermediate mathematics(diane and kylene) 1. traditional lesson plan
critical thinking is a self-directed process by which we deliberate steps to think all the 2. inquiry based lesson plan
highest level of quality. 3. project based lesson plan
4. differentiated instruction lesson plan
Creative thinking is associated with an exploration idea
5. flip classroom lesson plan
Types of critical thinking skills 6. technology integrated lesson plan
7. hands on lesson plan
1. reasoning
2. analyzing traditional (detailed lesson plan semi detailed lesson plan)
3. decision making
five steps objectives, subject matter, procedure, evaluation, assignment
4. problem solving
5. evaluating what is lesson plan (kim&Kristine)
Assessing learning outcomes in intermediate mathematics(amabela&Krisha) Is a teacher's daily guide to what student should learn how it will be taught and how
assessment it emphasizes the use of testing for measuring knowledge learning will be measured
comprehension and other thinking skills
semi detailed lesson plan offers a moderate level of detail by outlining the main
Outcome based assessment is the deliberate collection of evidence of student objective material needed key activities and basic procedures
learning based on outcome
detailed lesson plan provides a high level of detail by offering comprehensive
Role of assessment instruction for each stage of the lesson from introduction to conclusion
assessment for learning assessment as learning assessment of learning

objective test a test consisting of factual question requiring extremely short answer
that can be quickly