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    Publication 3 4266 509

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    Publication 3 4266 509

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    Publication 3 4266 509

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    Medical Terminology

    Dr Monem Alshok
    5 . 3 . 2015
    Medical Terminology
    Most Medical Terms come from
    Greek ( Diagnosis & Surgery )
    Latin Language (Anatomical terms )
    Example Term
    Root
    Greek( G ) Word & Latin( L ) Word
    Dermatos G
    Nephros G
    Stoma G
    Cutis L
    Oris L
    Renes L
    MT:

    All MT have
    A.Suffix
    B.Prefix
    C.Root
    D.Vowel
    Med Term

     The Root in pericarditis is


    A . –itis
    B. Peri -
    C . Card
    Medical Term

    The suffix in Physiology is ;


    A. Logy
    B. physi-
    C. O
    Divide into components word
    parts

    MT Root Combining Suffix


    Vowel

    Cardiology Cardi O logy

    Biology Bi O logy

    Mammogram Mamm O gram

    Bronchoscopy Bronch O scopy

    Arthritis Arthr itis

    Inguinal inguin al

    Pneumonia Pneumon ia

    Oncology Onc O logy


    Fasciotomy is an example of

    A. Simple Word
    B. Compound word
    C. Combining word
    When you make Analysis of the
    word begin with:

    A . Beginning
    B . End
    C .Middle
    Adding Vowel to the word results in
    A. Prefix
    B. Suffix
    C. Combining form
    D. Complex word
    Gastroduodenoscopy

    Two Root One Root Three root

    One combination do not need a combining


    Vowel :
    A . Dermat + it is
    B . Dermat + logy
    C . Micr + Scopy
    Basic Elements of a Medical Word

    1. Word Root
    2. Combining Form (‫)جزء من كلمة قابل للمزج مع كلمة أخرى‬
    3. Suffix
    4. Prefix

    These four parts of a word are known as


    ELEMENTS.
    Word Root
     Main part or foundation of a word.
     All words have at least one word root.
     A word root may be used alone or
    combined with other elements to form a
    complete word.
    IE: SPEAK (word root) + ER (suffix) =
    SPEAKER (complete word)
    Word Root
     The word root usually refers to a body part.
     Some root words are derived from the Latin
    or Greek language.
    Example of word root
    G or L Word Root Meaning Word Analysis
    Dermatos ( Gr ) Dermat or Derm Skin A term that describe skin
    disease
    Nephros ( Gr ) Nephr Kidney A term that describe Kidney
    disease
    Stoma ( Gr ) Stomat Mouth A term that describe mouth
    disease
    Cutis ( L) Cutane Skin A term that describe
    anatomic tissue layer
    Oris (L) Or Mouth A term that describe
    anatomic structure
    Renes (L) Ren Kidney A term that describe
    anatomic structure
    Word Root Examples

    “dent” means tooth


    “dermat” means skin
    “cardi” means heart
    “gastr” means stomach
    “pancreat” means pancreas
    Combining Forms
    Correct pronunciation of medical words is
    important.
    In order to make the pronunciation of word
    roots easier, sometimes it is necessary to
    insert a vowel after the root.
    The combination of a word root and a vowel
    is known as a COMBINING FORM.
    Combining Forms
    Combining forms consist of a combining vowel.
    The combining vowel is usually an “o”, but
    others may be used.

    IE: gastr / o pronounced GASTRO.

    Word root Combining vowel


    Word-Building System

     By understanding the meanings of word


    roots, one can determine the meaning of
    complex medical terms by putting
    together the smaller parts.
    Leukocytopenia

    Word Roots: Leuk / (white)


    cyt / (cell)
    Combining Vowel /o/
    Suffix: / penia (decrease)
     A combining vowel is used between a word root and
    a suffix that begins with a consonant (not a vowel).
     This is to make pronunciation easier.

    Word root: scler / (hardening)


    Suffix: / derma (skin)

    Term: Scler / o / derma (hardening of the skin)

    Combining vowel
    Suffixes
     A suffix is a word element placed at the end of a word
    or word root that changes the meaning of the word.
     In the terms tonsill/itis, and tonsill/ectomy, the suffixes
    are
    – -itis (inflammation)
    – and -ectomy (excision, removal).
     Changing the suffix changes the meaning of the word.
     In medical terminology, a suffix usually indicates a
    procedure, condition, disease, or part of speech.
     Many suffixes are derived from Greek or Latin words
    Review

     A combining vowel IS used to link one


    root to another root, and before a suffix
    that begins with a consonant.

     A combining vowel IS NOT used before


    a suffix that begins with a vowel.
    Prefixes
     A prefix is a word element attached to the
    beginning of a word or word root.
     Adding or changing a prefix changes the
    meaning of the word.
     The prefix usually indicates a number, time,
    position, or direction.
     Many of the same prefixes found in medical
    terminology are also found in the English
    language
    Hypoinsulinemia

    Hypo / insulin / emia


    Notice that there is
    no combining vowel
    in this word because
    the prefix ends with
    Prefix suffix a vowel and the
    Word root
    suffix begins with a
    LOW INSULIN BLOOD vowel.
    Defining Medical Words
     Here are the three basic rules for defining medical
    words using the example term gastroenteritis.
     Rule #1
    – Define the suffix, or last part of the word. In this case, -itis, which
    means inflammation.
     Rule #2
    – Define the first part of the word (which may be a word root,
    combining form, or prefix). In this case, the combining form gastr/o
    means stomach.
     Rule #3
    – Define the middle parts of the word. In this case, enter/ means
    intestine.
    Defining Medical Words

    When you analyze gastroenteritis following the three


    previous rules, the meaning is revealed as:
    1. inflammation (of)
    2. stomach (and)
    3. intestine
    Thus, the definition of gastroenteritis is “inflammation
    (of) stomach (and) intestine.”
    Building Medical Words
     There are three basic rules for building medical
    words.
     Rule #1
    – A word root links a suffix that begins with a vowel.
     Rule #2
    – A combining form (root + o) links a suffix that begins
    with a consonant.
     Rule #3
    – Use a combining form to link a root to another root to
    form a compound word.
    Medical Terminology

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