Basic Calculus

Quarter 4 - Module 5:
The Area of a Plane Region
Basic Calculus – Grade 11
Quarter 4 – Module 5: The Area of a Plane Region
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the
Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office
wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such
agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks,
etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has
been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective
copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education – Region XI

Development Team of the Module

Writers: Cecil James T. Velasco
Editor/Reviewer: Steve G. Zacal
Illustrator: -
Layout Artist: Wedzmer B. Munjilul
Template Developer: Neil Edward D. Diaz
Management Team:
Allan G. Farnazo Reynaldo M. Guillena
Mary Jeane B. Aldeguer Alma C. Cifra
Analiza C. Almazan Aris B. Juanillo
Ma. Cielo D. Estrada May Ann M. Jumuad
Renato Pacpakin Antonio Apat

Printed in the Philippines by Davao City Division Learning Resources Management

Development System (LRMDS)

Department of Education – Region XI

Office Address: DepEd Davao City Division, E. Quirino Ave.,

Davao City, Davao del Sur, Philippines
Telefax: (082) 224-0100
E-mail Address: [email protected]
 Basic Calculus
Quarter 4 - Module 5:
The Area of a Plane Region
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to
use this module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress
while allowing them to manage their learning at home. Furthermore,
you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do the
tasks included in the module.

For the learner:

As a learner, you must learn to become responsible for your
learning. Take time to read, understand, and perform the different
activities in the module.
As you go through the different activities of this module be
reminded of the following:
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any
part of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the
exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer Let Us Try before moving on to the other
activities.
3. Read the instructions carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking
your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are done.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this
module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always
bear in mind that you are not alone. We hope that through this material,
you will experience meaningful learning and gain a deep understanding
of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

ii
 Let Us Learn
In the previous lesson, you have learned how to solve the definite
integral of a function. This module will show you the application of the
previous lesson. To comprehend and master this lesson, you must undertake
the exercises that follow.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. compute the area of a plane region using the definite integral

STEM_BC11I-IVi-j-1.

Let Us Try
Multiple choice. On a separate sheet of paper, write the letter that
corresponds to the correct answer.

1. How do you tell if an integral is definite?

a. Definite integral has upper and lower limits.

b. Definite integral has no upper and lower limit.
c. Definite integral has no limit of integration.
d. Definite integral answers the question “What differentiated function
gives f(x)”.

2. What is If and ?

a. A + B b. A – B c. 0 d. B – A

3. Calculate the integral of .

a. b. c. d.

4. For what values of k, k > 0, does ?

a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4

5. Which of the following is the definite integral used for?

a. Area under a curve c. Area between curves

b. Area over the curve d. a, b, and c

1
 Let Us Study
In calculus, definite integrals can be applied to find the area inside a
curve and also the volume of a three-dimensional solid. If a function is strictly
positive, the area between it and the x-axis is simply the definite integral. If it
is simply negative, the area is -1 times the definite integral. If finding the area
between two positive functions, the area is the definite integral of the higher
function minus the lower function or the definite integral of . We
can also make it simple by using the formula below.

Where a is the lower limit and b is the upper limit.

A. Area of a bounded region – there are three steps that we should follow
for us to find the area of a bounded region.

Step 1: Find the roots

Step 2: Sketch the graph and shade the included region.
Step 3: Solve for the area

Example 1: What is the area between the curve and the x-axis?

Step 1: Find the roots of .

Equate to zero 𝑥 2 − 9 = 0

Then we factorize it (𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 + 3) = 0

The roots are (Recall Quadratic Equations)

Step 2: Sketch the graph of and shade the included

region. (Note that the boundary of the graph is the x-axis)

2
 Step 3: Solve for the area bounded by the curve.

Using as the lower limit and the upper limit of integration,

Solution: (Evaluate the indefinite integral first)

We will now substitute the lower limit

and upper limit as the values of x
respectively to get the area of the
plane region.

The area is negative because it is

below the x-axis. If above, then the
result is positive.

Therefore, the Area is 36 square units

Example 2: Find the area in the 1st Quadrant bounded by the following
curves:

Step 1: Find the root of 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 2𝑥 − 4.

2𝑥 − 4 = 0

2𝑥 4
= 2, therefore 𝑥 = 2
2

Step 2: Sketch the graph of 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 2𝑥 − 4 with 𝑦 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 = 4 as boundary.

3
 From the illustration, we see that the graph of 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 2𝑥 − 4, 𝑦 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑
𝑥 = 4 is our boundary. The value of 𝑥 = 2 is a solution to the given equation
as well as a boundary.

Step 3: Solve for the area bounded by the curve.

The lower limit is 2 and the upper limit is 4

Solution:

Therefore, the area is 4 square units.

B. Area between two curves - This can be considered as a more common

approach to finding areas. Many areas can be seen as being bounded by two
or more curves. When the area is bounded by just two curves, it can be solved
by subtracting the lower function from the upper function and evaluating the
integral.

There are also three steps that we need to follow to solve the area
between two curves.

Step 1: Find the points of intersection of the given functions

Step 2: Sketch the graph and shade the included region.
Step 3: Solve for the area.

Example 3: Find the area of the region enclosed by the following curves:
𝑦 = 𝑥 − 3, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 4𝑥 − 𝑥 2 .

4
Step 1: Find the points of intersection (equate the given functions)

Use the Quadratic formula to obtain the

value of x.

We will use these as our lower limit

and upper limit in step 3.

Step 2: Sketch the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑥 − 3, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 4𝑥 − 𝑥 2 and shade the included

region.

Step 3: Solve for the area.

5
 Therefore, the area is 16.04 square units.

Example 4: Find the area of the region enclosed by the following curves:
𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 9 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 + 9

Step 1: Find the points of intersection (equate the given functions)

The points of intersection are 0 and 7. These will be our lower limit and
upper limit of integration.

Step 2: Sketch the graph of 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 9 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 + 9 and shade the

included region.

6
Step 3: Solve for the area between the two curves.

Therefore, the area is 57.17 square units.

Example 5: Find the area of the region enclosed by the following curves:
𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 14 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 4 − 𝑥 2

Step 1: Find the points of intersection (equate the given functions)

Step 2: Sketch the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 14 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 4 − 𝑥 2 and shade the included

region.

7
Step 3: Solve for the area between the two curves.

Therefore, the area is 72 square units.

Example 6: Find the area of the region enclosed by the following curves:
𝑓 (𝑦) = 𝑦 2 − 3𝑦 + 9 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔(𝑦) = 𝑦 + 9.

Step 1: Find the points of intersection (equate the given functions)

Step 2: Sketch the graph of 𝑓 (𝑦) = 𝑦 2 − 3𝑦 + 9 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔(𝑦) = 𝑦 + 9. and shade the
included region.

8
Step 3: Solve for the area between the two curves.

We will use the formula below because it will always force us to think
about what is going on with the problem and to make sure that we’ve got the
correct order of functions when we use the formula. We should remember that
the area is always the “larger” function minus the “smaller” function.

As you can see on the graph, the graph of the linear function is on the
right and the graph of the quadratic function is on the left. That is why it is
very important to sketch the graph so that you would not be confused about
which function is on the left or the right.

Therefore, the area is 10.67 square units.

Let Us Practice
Direction: Solve for the intersection of the given functions. Use a separate
sheet to answer and show the complete process.

1. 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 3 − 2𝑥 2 3. 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 2 − 𝑥 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔(𝑥 ) = 𝑥

Answer:____________ Answer:____________

2. 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 2 4. 𝑓(𝑦) = 𝑦 + 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔(𝑦) = 3 − 𝑦 2

Answer:____________ Answer:____________

9
 Let Us Practice More
Sketch the graph of the given functions and shade the bounded region. Use a
separate sheet to graph. You may use any application to ease your burden.

1. 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 3 3. 𝑓(𝑥 ) = −𝑥 2 + 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 − 4

2. 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 4 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 𝑥 − 1 4. 𝑓(𝑦) = 𝑦 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔(𝑦) = 𝑦 + 5

Let Us Remember
Answer the following questions. Write your answers on a separate sheet
of paper.

1. What are the applications of definite integral?

2. What is the general formula for the area of two positive functions?
3. Why do we need to solve the intersection of the two given functions?
4. What is the whole idea of the lower limit and the upper limit in integration?
5. How does sketching the graph help you solve for the area of the bounded region?

10
 Let Us Assess
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. Given: is equal to . What is the value of a?

a. -2 b. -1 c. 1 d. 2

2. Definite integral helps us find the ________ of regions.

i. The rate of change iii. Perimeter

ii. Area and volume

a. i only b. ii only c. iii only d. ii and iii

3. Find the area of the region enclosed by 𝑦 = 4𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 .

a. Approximately 10 c. Approximately 12
b. Approximately 11 d. Approximately 9

4. Given the process of solving for the area, which line is the mistake?

i. Line 1 and 2
ii. Line 3 and 4
iii. Line 5
iv. Line 6

a. (iv) only b. (iii) only c. (i) and (ii) d. (iii) and (iv)

1
5. Find the intersection of 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 49 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = −𝑥 − 4.

a. 𝑥 = {−7,7} c. 𝑥 = {−7.5,7.5}
b. 𝑥 = {−2,1} d. 𝑥 = {6.5, −7.5}

11
 Let Us Enhance
Show the complete process of finding the area of a bounded region by solving
for the upper and lower limit and its graph. Write your answer on a separate
sheet of paper.

1. Find the area of the bounded region between 𝑓 (𝑦) = 𝑦 3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑓 (𝑦) = 𝑦 2 .

Points of intersection: __________________

Graph:

Area =______________square units

Let Us Reflect
The activities aim is to familiarize you in solving for the areas under and
between two curves. Soon you will also be taught on determining volumes
through slicing, volumes of revolution, arc length of a curve or surface area,
moments and center of mass, exponential growth and decay, and many more.
Although difficult as it may seem, it helps us in problem solving, planning,
and decision-making in science and other industries. If you wish to proceed
through STEM courses in college you need to know that beauty and agony go
together. Mastering this lesson will help you see nature in a different way.

12
 13
Let Us Enhance
Let Us Practice More
Let us Practice Let Us Try
1. a Let Us Assess
1. x = {-1,1} 2. b 1. A
3. d 2. B
2. x = {-2,1}
4. c 3. B
3. x = {-2,1} 5. d 4. D
5. D
4. y = {-2,1}
Answer Key
 References

Eli Passo, Ph.d.: Schaum’s Outline of Theory and Problems of understanding

calculus concepts, 1996

Louis Leithold; TC7 LEITHOLD, 2002

http://math.hws.edu/~mitchell/Math131F15/tufte-latex/BetwCurves2.pdf

https://www.rit.edu/academicsuccesscenter/sites/rit.edu.academicsuccess
center/files/documents/math-
handouts/C7_AreasbyIntegration_BP_9_22_14.pdf

https://www.mathcentre.ac.uk/resources/uploaded/mc-ty-areas-2009-
1.pdf

14
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Region XI Davao City Division

DepEd Davao City, Elpidio Quirino Ave., Davao City

Telefax: 224-3274

Email Address: [email protected]