BIOMEDICAL SCIENCE PROGRAMME

(NNNB 3074 BIOSTATISTIC)

GROUP 5 : CASE BASED LEARNING 2

LECTURERS :

PROF. MADYA DR. ISMARULYUSDA ISHAK

DR. NUR ZAKIAH BINTI MOHD SAAT
DR. ARIMI FITRI BIN MAT LUDIN
DR. HANIF FARHAN BIN MOHD RASDI
DR. SAADAH BINTI MOHAMED AKHIR

GROUP MEMBERS MATRIC NUMBER

MOHAMAD IMAM THARIQ BIN MOHD IQBAL A168407

ALIA YASMIN BINTI ZAKARIA A169000

NUR AMIRA BINTI ZAKARIAH A168674

SITI FAIRUZ BINTI ABU BAKAR A168398

NURAIN ATIKAH BINTI ABD RAHMAN A168124

MUHAMMAD KHAIRUDDIN BIN MD DAUD A169136

NUR DINI BINTI MUHAMAD ADLI A168938

Theme: CHOLESTEROL

This research was conducted among adults in Selangor.

Specific Objectives:
1. To compare cholesterol level between standard (5mmol), before and after
the intervention, smoking status, races, and age group
2. To associate cholesterol status and smoking status.
3. To correlate cholesterol level and systolic blood pressure.
4. To predict the influence of age on cholesterol level.

Research Question:

1. Is the cholesterol level of subjects in this study significantly different from 5 mmol?
2. Does cholesterol level of subjects in this study significantly different after
intervention? (Please create new data for one new variable - Post cholesterol)
3. Is there any significant difference in cholesterol levels between smoker and
nonsmoker?
4. Is there any significant difference in cholesterol levels between the age group
below 50, 51-65 and 66 and above years old?
5. Is there any significant difference in cholesterol levels between races?
6. Is there any significant association between cholesterol status (less than 5 mmol/l
and above) and smoking status (smoker & non-smoker)?
7. Is there any significant correlation between cholesterol level and systolic blood
pressure level?
8. Could age significantly predict cholesterol level?
 1. Is the cholesterol level of subjects in this study significantly different from 5
mmol?

One-Sample Statistics

N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean

kolesterol 96 5.06 1.168 .119

One-Sample Test

Test Value = 5

95% Confidence Interval of the

Difference
Sig. Mean
t df (2-tailed) Difference Lower Upper

kolesterol .524 95 .601 .063 -.17 .30

One-sample T Test was employed to compare cholesterol level with the standard value
5mmol.

The mean of the sample is 5.06 with standard deviation is 1.168. t=0.524, df=95, p=0.601,
p>0.001.

In conclusion, the null hypothesis is accepted. There was significant mean similarities of
cholesterol with the standard value 5mmol. Cholesterol level of the subject was slightly 0.063
higher than standard value. The assumption of normality was not violated.
 2. Does the cholesterol level of subjects in this study significantly different after
intervention?
Paired Samples Statistics

Std. Std. Error

Mean N Deviation Mean

Pair 1 pre_kolesterol 5.06 96 1.168 .119

post_kolesterol 2.85 96 1.205 .123

Paired Samples Test

Paired Differences

95% Confidence
Interval of the
Std. Std. Sig.
Difference
Deviati Error (2-tail
Mean on Mean Lower Upper t df ed)

Pair 1 pre_kole 2.208 1.055 .108 1.994 2.422 20.500 95 .000

sterol -
post_kol
esterol

The groups differed significantly, t = 20.50, ​p < ​ 0.001, 95% Confidence Interval [1.994,
2.422]. The mean for the cholesterol levels before the intervention (Mean = 5.06, Standard
deviation = 1.168) was statistically significantly higher than the cholesterol levels after the
intervention (Mean = 2.85, Standard deviation = 1.205). These findings support the idea that
the intervention is effective in reducing the cholesterol levels.
 3. Is there any significant difference in cholesterol levels between smoker and
non-smoker? (Independent T-test)

To compare cholesterol level between smokers and non-smokers. Cholesterol level for
smokers, M=5.26, SD=1.139 while cholesterol level for non-smokers, M=4.85, SD=1.173 3,
t=1.746, df=94, ​p ​= 0.084 (​p>
​ 0.05).

Do not reject Ho. There was no significance mean differences of cholesterol levels between
smokers and non-smokers.

4. Is there any significant difference in cholesterol levels between the age group
below 50, 51-65 and 66 and above years old?

P value is 0.494 (p>0.05), the data was normally distributed.

P value for one way Anova is 0.584, which is more than a significance level of 0.05, so we
cannot reject the null hypothesis. No need to do the Post Hoc test because the p value for the
test of homogeneity of variances is 0.676 which is not less than 0.05. There was a significant
mean difference between cholesterol level and age group below 50, 51-65, 66 and above.

5. Is there any significant difference in cholesterol levels between races?

From the histogram, the data was normally distributed.

P value for One way Anova test is 0.584, which is more than a significance level of 0.05, so
we cannot reject the null hypothesis. No need to do the Post Hoc test because the p value for
the test of homogeneity of variances is 0.676 which is not less than 0.05. So, there was a
significant mean difference between cholesterol and races.
6. Is there any significant association between cholesterol status (less than 5 mmol/l
and above) and smoking status (smoker & non-smoker)?
Pearson Chi Square was employed to evaluate whether cholesterol status (less than 5 mmol/l
and above) is associated with smoking status (smoker & non-smoker). The Pearson Chi
Square was not statistically significant with = 2.562 and p = 0.139 (p > 0.05). This indicates
that cholesterol status and smoking status are not related. Cholesterol status less than 5
showed the highest frequency in non-smokers with 71.7% (n=33). Meanwhile, cholesterol
status less than 5 showed the highest frequency among smokers with 56% (n=28).

The result was illustrated in the graph below :

 7. Is there any significant correlation between cholesterol level and systolic blood
pressure level?

Correlations

kolesterol

sistolik Pearson Correlation (r) .162

p value .116

N 96

To assess correlation between cholesterol level and systolic blood pressure intake among
adults in Selangor, a bivariate Pearson Correlation was calculated. The result between these
two variables was not significantly positive negligible correlation with r=0.162 and p>0.05.

The assumptions of normality, linearity and homoscedasticity prior to this operation were
assessed and unviolated.
 8. Could age significantly predict cholesterol level ?

Test : Simple Linear Regression

Dependant (y-axis) = cholesterol

Independent (x-axis) = age

Model Summary​b

Mode R Adjusted R Std. Error of

l R Square Square the Estimate

1 .001​a .000 -.011 1.174

a. Predictors: (Constant), umur

b. Dependent Variable: kolesterol

ANOVA​a

Sum of Mean
Model Squares df Square F Sig.

1 Regression .000 1 .000 .000 .993​b

Residual 129.625 94 1.379

Total 129.625 95

a. Dependent Variable: kolesterol

b. Predictors: (Constant), umur

 Coefficients

Unstandardized Standardized
Coefficients Coefficients

Model B Std. Error Beta t Sig.

1 (Constant) 5.057 .668 7.573 .000

umur 9.719E-5 .011 .001 .009 .993

a. Dependent Variable: kolesterol

Based on normal P-P Plot of Regression, we can assume that this plot shows linearity of the
data.
APA Result

To predict Cholesterol level from the age, we employed Simple Linear Regression.

Prior to interpreting the results, several assumptions were evaluated. Data were normally
distributed with Kolmogorov-Smirnov (​p​ > 0.05) and box plot.

Normal P-P Plot of Regression, we can assume that this plot shows linearity of the data.

Coefficient of determinant value of 0 means 0% of variance in Cholesterol level cannot be

accounted for the variance of age.

From the ANOVA result, age is significantly cannot predict cholesterol intake because the F
​ 0.001.
value is 0 which is ​p >

From the coefficient table, the t value for age is 0.009 with ​p ​> 0.05, the regression is not
statistically significant.

As a conclusion, age cannot significantly predict the cholesterol level. There is no relation
between dependent variable which is cholesterol level and independent variable which is age.