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MAM1043H Tutorial11

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22 views1 page

MAM1043H Tutorial11

Uploaded by

myfakeacount420
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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U NIVERSITY OF C APE T OWN

MAM1043H Modelling and Applied Computing 2023


T UTORIAL 12 – 2D L INEAR S YSTEMS
You can use the provided script, dirfield_linsys.m, to sketch the direction fields for these 2D
linear systems. You can find this script under the MATLAB > MATLAB Scripts unit on the course
Amathuba site.
For 2D linear systems, it’s useful to know what the direction field looks like, as it’ll help you sketch
the system’s phase portrait.

1. Solve the linear system Ẋ = AX, where


   
x(t) a 0
X(t) = , A= ,
y(t) 0 −1
and a is some real number, as follows:

(a) Write out the matrix system explicitly by multiplying the matrices and equating the left
and right sides.
(b) Argue that the resulting system of equations is uncoupled.
(c) Solve each of these separately (use x0 and y0 for your initial values).
→
−
Here, the notation X is used to denote a vector. You should use the notation X when notating
a vector!
2. Consider the system ẋ = 4x − y, ẏ = 2x + y

(a) Write out the system as a linear matrix equation, ẋ = Ax.


(b) Find the general solution of the system.
(c) Solve the system subject to the initial condition (x0 , y0 ) = (3, 4).
(d) Use the provided script to plot the direction field for this system. Use this direction
field to plot some trajectories in the (x, y)-plane (i.e. the phase plane) – this will help
you to sketch the phase portrait. What does the phase portrait tell you about this
system’s solutions’ behaviour?

3. Consider now the system ẋ = x − y, ẏ = x + y.

(a) Write out the system as a linear matrix equation, ẋ = Ax.


(b) Find the eigenvalues of A, as well as their corresponding eigenvectors.
(c) Now find the general solution of this system and plot the phase portrait. Use the direc-
tion field script again to help you get started.

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