IGCSE Extended Y2 ~ Functions

Lesson 2
Name:
Date:
FUNCTION NOTATION & COMPOSITE FUNCTIONS

Often in math we represent functions using lower case letters (often or ).

We represent the first coordinate of a pair by and the second coordinate by .

The ordered pair then becomes .

The symbol is read “ of ” and the number represented by is called the value of the

function at . ***It is very important to remember that does not mean times .

Ex.1. If find:

a. b. c.

d. e.

The function above can also be written as which is read as the function such that
maps onto .

Ex.2. If find:

a. b. c.

d.

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IGCSE Extended Y2 ~ Functions
Lesson 2

Ex.3. If find:

a. when b. when

If is the value of for a given value of , then . For example, indicates

that the point lies on the graph of the function.

Ex.4. Sketch the graph of where on the domain State the

range of this function.

Given two functions and , the composite function of and is the function which

maps onto .

Ex.5. If and , find:

a. b.

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IGCSE Extended Y2 ~ Functions
Lesson 2

c.

Ex.6. If and , find:

a.

b.

c.

Ex.7. Given and , find:

a. b. if

Possible HOMEWORK: page 413 (25C) #1b, 2d, 3e, 4d, 5e, 6e, 7, 9, 10
page 415 (25D) #1ac, 2, 4, 6bc

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IGCSE Extended Y2 ~ Functions
Lesson 2

Name:
Date:
RECIPROCAL & ABSOLUTE VALUE FUNCTIONS

A reciprocal function has a general form of where ( is a constant). The graphs they
form are called hyperbolas. An asymptote is an imaginary line that the curve approaches but will
never touch. Ask yourself if there are any values of x or y that don’t exist. Reciprocal functions
always have two asymptotes, one vertical and one horizontal. The equation of a horizontal
asymptote is always “y =” some number. The equation of a vertical asymptote is always “x = “
some number.

When , the curve lies in QI and QIII. For example, sketch the graph of below. What are
the equations of its asymptotes?

When , the curve lies in QII and QIV. For example, sketch the graph of below. What
are the equations of its asymptotes?

Ex.1. Find the equation of the reciprocal graph below.

The absolute value of a number is its distance from 0 on a number line, therefore we ignore its sign.

We use to write the absolute value of

Ex.2. Find each absolute value.

a. b. c.
|12|

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IGCSE Extended Y2 ~ Functions
Lesson 2

Ex.3. Solve
Solution: The solution set consists of all those points whose distance from 0 is __________.
Therefore

Ex.4. Solve
Solution: The solution set consists of all those points whose distance from 0 is __________.
Therefore

For any real number a ,

If a≥0 , then
|a|=a ; If a< 0 , then |a|=a
Therefore |± a|=a

Ex.5. Solve the following

a. b.

c. d.

One way of graphing an absolute value function in the form, is to first graph
and then whatever part of the graph is below the x-axis, we then reflect it over the x-axis. Absolute
value functions form a ‘V’ shape when graphed.

Ex.6. Graph the following:

a. b.

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IGCSE Extended Y2 ~ Functions
Lesson 2

Ex.7. Find the function which has the graph

HOMEWORK: page 417 (25E) #2cdfh, 3af, 8f, 10bc, 12ab

page 420 (25F) #1a-e, 2, 3c

QUADRATIC EQUATIONS

 A quadratic equation is an equation where the highest degree of a term is 2.

 Quadratic equations can also called «second degree» equations
 The standard form of a quadratic equation is: where and are constants
and
 Quadratic equations can be solved by using one of the following methods:
 Factoring and the Null Factor Law (i.e. if ab = 0 then a = 0 or b = 0)
 Completing the Square (not covered)
 Quadratic Formula
 Graphing/Technology

SOLUTION of
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IGCSE Extended Y2 ~ Functions
Lesson 2
Many quadratic equations can be rearranged into the form .

If is positive then a solution exists

If is negative then there is no solution because we cannot take the square root of a negative
number.

Ex.1. Solve.

a. b. c.

d. e.

FACTORING & THE NULL FACTOR LAW

If an equation is equal to zero then one of the factors must be equal to zero to make the equation a
true statement. This is called the Zero Product Property (otherwise known as the Null Factor Law)
whereby
anything multiplied by zero equals zero!

Ex.2. Solve for using the Null Factor law:

a. b.

c. d.

When using the Null Factor law to solve equations, we must rearrange the equation so that one side
is equal to zero. Then we fully factorise and use the Null Factor law.

Ex.3. Solve.
a. b.

c. d.

e. f.

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IGCSE Extended Y2 ~ Functions
Lesson 2

g. h.

i.

HOMEWORK: page 376 (23A) 1adeh, 2cdgk, 3b

page 378 (23B) 2blh, 3cf, 4ajk, 5ai, 6bch, 7bcg, 8d

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