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Sph4udynamics Review

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19 views7 pages

Sph4udynamics Review

Uploaded by

aliangelohaitham
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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SPH4U - Dynamics October 2002

Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____ 1. Which of the following is NOT considered to be one of the “fundamental forces”?
a. gravity d. weak nuclear
b. friction e. electromagnetic
c. strong nuclear
____ 2. The free-body diagram of a block being pushed up a rough ramp is best represented by

a. A d. D
b. B e. E
c. C
____ 3. An elevator is moving upward at a constant velocity. What is the relationship between the gravitational force
acting on the elevator and the tension in the cable that supports the elevator?
a. d.
b. e.
c.

____ 4. Which of the following would be considered an “inertial” frame of reference?


a. a moving escalator
b. a car moving through a turn at a constant speed
c. an object in “free fall”
d. a car pulling away as a traffic light turns green
e. all of the above
____ 5. Imagine that you are travelling in a train and you have a drink sitting on the dining table in front of you. The
train suddenly stops and the drink ends up in your lap. What force acting on the drink is responsible for its
sudden motion?
a. the force of the table acting on the drink
b. the force of the track on the wheels
c. the force of the wheels on the track
d. the force of the drink on itself
e. There is no force acting on the drink that is responsible for its motion.

Short Answer

1. Describe situations where the normal force and the gravitational force acting on an object are equal. Describe
situations where they are not equal. (2 marks)
Problem

1. A 12.0-kg box is pushed along a horizontal surface by a 24 N force as illustrated in the diagram. The
frictional force (kinetic) acting on the object is 6.0 N.

(a) What is the acceleration of the object? (4 marks)


(b) Calculate the value of the normal force acting on the object. (3 marks)
(c) If the 12.0-kg object then runs into a 4.0-kg object that increases the overall friction by 3.0 N, what is the
new acceleration? (3 marks)
(d) What force does the 4.0-kg object exert on the 12.0-kg object when the two are moving together? (3
marks)
2. Two masses, 4.0 kg and 6.0 kg, are connected by a “massless” rope over a “frictionless” pulley as pictured in
the diagram. The ramp is inclined at 30.0º and the coefficient of kinetic friction on the ramp is 0.18.

(a) Draw free-body diagrams of both masses. (2 marks)


(b) Determine the acceleration of the system once it begins to slide. (4 marks)
(c) Determine the tension in the rope. (3 marks)
3. A pilot of mass 75 kg takes her plane into a dive, pulling out of it along a circular arc as she nears the ground.
If the plane is flying at 1.5 × 102 km/h along the arc, what is its radius such that the pilot feels four times
heavier than normal? Provide an appropriate free-body diagram. (4 marks)
4. A rock of mass 4.0 × 102 g is tied to one end of a string that is 2.0 m in length. Holding the other end above
his head, a boy swings the rock around in a circle whose plane is parallel to the ground.
(a) If the string can withstand a maximum tension of 4.5 N before breaking, what angle to the vertical does
the string reach just before breaking? (4 marks)
(b) At what speed is the rock travelling just as the string breaks? (4 marks)
SPH4U - Dynamics October 2002
Answer Section

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. ANS: B REF: K/U OBJ: 2.1 LOC: FM1.01


2. ANS: E REF: K/U OBJ: 2.1 LOC: FM1.01
3. ANS: A REF: K/U OBJ: 2.1 LOC: FM1.01
4. ANS: A REF: K/U OBJ: 2.5 LOC: FM1.05
5. ANS: E REF: K/U OBJ: 2.5 LOC: FM1.05

SHORT ANSWER

1. ANS:
The normal force and gravitational force acting on an object are equal when the object sits on a horizontal
surface with nothing either pulling it up or pushing it down. These two forces are not equal when the object is
not on a horizontal surface. In this case, the normal force is equivalent to the component of gravity
perpendicular to the plane. They would also not be equal, even on a horizontal surface, if something was
pushing the object down or pulling it up somewhat. This could be the case for an object with a rope tied to it,
being pulled along a horizontal surface with the rope at some angle to the plane.

REF: C OBJ: 2.1 LOC: FM1.01

PROBLEM

1. ANS:
(a)
Free-body diagram: FN acting up
Fg acting down
FA acting as illustrated
FK acting to the right
“Up” and “to the right” are the positive directions.

Horizontally:
The acceleration of the object is 1.0 m/s2.

(b)
Vertically:

The normal force is 1.3 × 102 N[up].

(c)
Free-body diagram: FN acting up
Fg acting down
FA acting to the left
FK acting to the right
“Up” and “to the right” are the positive directions.

The acceleration of the two masses is 0.59 m/s2.

(d)
Free-body diagram: FN acting up
Fg acting down
FA acting to the left
FK acting to the right
F acting to the right (force of 4.0 kg object on 12.0 kg object)
“Up” and “to the right” are the positive directions.
The 4.0-kg object exerts a force of 5.3 N on the 12.0-kg object.

REF: K/U OBJ: 2.3 LOC: FM1.02


2. ANS:
(a)
For the 4.0-kg mass:
Free-body diagram: FN acting perpendicular to the ramp (upward)
Fg acting down
FT acting up along the ramp (this is the positive direction)
FK acting down along the ramp (this is the negative direction)

For the 6.0-kg mass:


Free-body diagram: Fg acting down (this is the positive direction)
FT acting up (this is the negative direction)

(b)
For the 4.0-kg mass:

4.0 kg(a) = FT – µΚmg(cos θ) – mg(sin θ)


4.0 kg (a) = FT – 6.1 N – 19.6 N
4.0 kg(a) = FT – 25.7 N

For the 6.0-kg mass:

6.0 kg(a) = 58.8 N – FT

Solving the system of equations:


a = 3.3 m/s2
The acceleration of the 4.0-kg mass along the ramp is 3.3 m/s2.

(c)
FT = 4.0 kg(a) +25.7 N
= 4.0 kg(3.31 m/s2) + 25.7 N
FT = 39 N
The tension in the cable is 39 N.

REF: K/U OBJ: 2.3 LOC: FM1.01


3. ANS:
The free body diagram of the pilot at the bottom of the arc:

FN = force of seat exerted upward on the pilot (the normal force)


FN = 4mg

The radius of the arc is 59 m.

REF: K/U OBJ: 3.2 LOC: FM1.04


4. ANS:
(a)

The centripetal acceleration (and force) are directed toward the centre of the circle. This means that the two
vertical forces are balanced.
Fg = FTsinθ

In the horizontal plane, the centripetal force is supplied by the horizontal component of the tension:
FC = FTcosθ

FT = 4.5 N
Fg = mg = 0.400 kg(9.8 N/kg)
Fg = 3.92 N

θ = sin–1

= sin–1

θ = 61º
The angle to the vertical is 29°°.

(b)

FC = FTcosθ

The speed of the rock is 2.3 m/s.

REF: K/U OBJ: 3.2 LOC: FM1.04

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