0 Arduino Components

Arduino Uno R3:

A programmable board you can use to build interactive circuits.

BreadBoard Small:
A half-size breadboard with 30 rows,10 columns, and two pairs of power rails.

Resistor:
Restricts the flow of electricity in a circuit, reducing the voltage and current as a
result.

LED:
Light- Emitting Diode that lights up when electricity passes through it in the correct
direction.

BreadBoard Mini:
A quarter-size breadboard with 17 rows and 10 columns.

7 segment Display:
A single 7-segment LED for displaying a number of letter.

LCD 16 X 2:
A Liquid Crystal Display capable of displaying two lines of 16 characters.

Pushbutton:
A switch that closes a circuit while pressed.

Temperature Sensor:
A sensor that outputs different voltages based on the ambient temperature.

Oscilloscope:
Electronic test equipment for measuring output signals.

Potentiometer:
A type of resistor whose resistance changes at the turn of a knob.

LED RGB:
A type of LED that combines Red, Blue, and Green to produce any color.

PIR Sensor:
Passive infrared motion sensor used to sense motion in front of it.
DC Motor:
A motor,which converts electrical energy into mechanical energy.

Photoresistor:
A sensor whose resistance changes based on the amount of light it senses.

Power Supply:
Electronic test equipment for supplying power to your circuit.

Relay SPDT:
A 5V SPDT power relay for switching between two circuits.

Light Bulb:
A 12V/ 3W incandescent light bulb.

0 Raspberry Pi Components

GPIO Pins (General Purpose Input/Output):

Raspberry Pi has a set of GPIO pins that allow it to interface with external hardware,
such as sensors, motors, and other devices. These pins can be programmed for
input (to read data) or output (to send signals).

Power Supply:
Raspberry Pi is typically powered by a 5V micro USB or USB-C power supply. It is
important to provide a stable and sufficient power supply to prevent issues during
operation.

MicroSD Card:
Raspberry Pi uses a microSD card as its primary storage device. The operating
system (like Raspberry Pi OS) and all programs are stored on this card.

HDMI Port:
Raspberry Pi has an HDMI port that allows it to be connected to a monitor or TV.
This makes it easy to use as a desktop computer or display visual outputs from
projects.

USB Ports:
Multiple USB ports are available for connecting peripherals like keyboards, mice, or
USB storage devices.

Ethernet/Wi-Fi:
Some models come with Ethernet ports for wired internet connectivity. Wi-Fi is built
into many modern Raspberry Pi models for wireless communication.
Camera and Display Interface:
The Raspberry Pi has dedicated ports for connecting cameras (using the Camera
Serial Interface, CSI) and displays (using the Display Serial Interface, DSI). This
makes it suitable for visual recognition or surveillance projects.

Add-on Modules and Shields:

Common add-ons include sensors (temperature, motion, etc.), actuators (motors),
and shields that expand its capabilities. For example, the Raspberry Pi can be
integrated with GPS modules, RFID readers, or LCD displays for interactive projects
1. Displaying different LED patterns with Arduino

Arduino Uno R3:

A programmable board you can use to build interactive circuits.

BreadBoard Small:
A half-size breadboard with 30 rows,10 columns, and two pairs of power rails.

Resistor:
Restricts the flow of electricity in a circuit, reducing the voltage and current as a
result.

LED RGB:
A type of LED that combines Red, Blue, and Green to produce any color.

Code:

#define LEDR 11
#define LEDG 13
#define LEDB 12
void setup()
{
pinMode(LEDR, OUTPUT);
pinMode(LEDG, OUTPUT);
pinMode(LEDB, OUTPUT);
}
int r = 0;
int g = 0;
int b = 0;
void loop()
{
r=random(0,255);
g=random(0,255);
b=random(0,255);

analogWrite(LEDR, r);
analogWrite(LEDG, g);
analogWrite(LEDB, b);
delay(1000);
}
Output:

1.Displaying different LED patterns with Raspberry Pi.

Code:
import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
import time
GPIO.setwarnings(False)
GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)
GPIO.setup(21,GPIO.OUT)
GPIO.setup(17,GPIO.OUT)
list=[21,17]
while True:
for n in range(len(list)):
GPIO.output(list[n],True)
time.sleep(0.1)
GPIO.output(list[n],False)
time.sleep(0.2)
GPIO.cleanup()
OUTPUT:
2. Displaying Time over 4-Digit 7-Segment Display using Arduino

Arduino Uno R3:

A programmable board you can use to build interactive circuits.

BreadBoard Mini:
A quarter-size breadboard with 17 rows and 10 columns.

Resistor:
Restricts the flow of electricity in a circuit, reducing the voltage and current as a result.

7 segment Display:
A single 7-segment LED for displaying a number of letter.

Code:-

unsigned const int A=13;

unsigned const int B=12;
unsigned const int C=11;
unsigned const int D=10;
unsigned const int E=9;
unsigned const int F=8;
unsigned const int G=7;
unsigned const int H=6;
void setup(void)
{
pinMode(A,OUTPUT);
pinMode(B,OUTPUT);
pinMode(C,OUTPUT);
pinMode(D,OUTPUT);
pinMode(E,OUTPUT);
pinMode(F,OUTPUT);
pinMode(G,OUTPUT);
pinMode(H,OUTPUT);
}
void zero(void){
digitalWrite(A,LOW);
digitalWrite(B,HIGH);
digitalWrite(C,HIGH);
digitalWrite(D,HIGH);
digitalWrite(E,HIGH);
 digitalWrite(F,HIGH);
digitalWrite(G,HIGH);
digitalWrite(H,LOW);
}

void one(void){
digitalWrite(A,LOW);
digitalWrite(B,LOW);
digitalWrite(C,LOW);
digitalWrite(D,HIGH);
digitalWrite(E,LOW);
digitalWrite(F,LOW);
digitalWrite(G,HIGH);
digitalWrite(H,LOW);
}
void two(void){
digitalWrite(A,HIGH);
digitalWrite(B,LOW);
digitalWrite(C,HIGH);
digitalWrite(D,HIGH);
digitalWrite(E,HIGH);
digitalWrite(F,HIGH);
digitalWrite(G,LOW);
digitalWrite(H,LOW);
}
void three(void){
digitalWrite(A,HIGH);
digitalWrite(B,LOW);
digitalWrite(C,HIGH);
digitalWrite(D,HIGH);
digitalWrite(E,LOW);
digitalWrite(F,HIGH);
digitalWrite(G,HIGH);
digitalWrite(H,LOW);
}
void four(void){
digitalWrite(A,HIGH);
digitalWrite(B,HIGH);
digitalWrite(C,LOW);
digitalWrite(D,HIGH);
digitalWrite(E,LOW);
digitalWrite(F,LOW);
digitalWrite(G,HIGH);
digitalWrite(H,LOW);
}

void five(void){
digitalWrite(A,HIGH);
digitalWrite(B,HIGH);
digitalWrite(C,HIGH);
digitalWrite(D,LOW);
digitalWrite(E,LOW);
digitalWrite(F,HIGH);
digitalWrite(G,HIGH);
digitalWrite(H,LOW);
}
void six(void){
digitalWrite(A,HIGH);
digitalWrite(B,HIGH);
digitalWrite(C,HIGH);
digitalWrite(D,LOW);
digitalWrite(E,HIGH);
digitalWrite(F,HIGH);
digitalWrite(G,HIGH);
digitalWrite(H,LOW);
}
void seven(void){
digitalWrite(A,LOW);
digitalWrite(B,LOW);
digitalWrite(C,HIGH);
digitalWrite(D,HIGH);
digitalWrite(E,LOW);
digitalWrite(F,LOW);
digitalWrite(G,HIGH);
digitalWrite(H,LOW);
}
void eight(void){
digitalWrite(A,HIGH);
digitalWrite(B,HIGH);
digitalWrite(C,HIGH);
digitalWrite(D,HIGH);
digitalWrite(E,HIGH);
digitalWrite(F,HIGH);
digitalWrite(G,HIGH);
digitalWrite(H,LOW);
}
void nine(void){
digitalWrite(A,HIGH);
 digitalWrite(B,HIGH);
digitalWrite(C,HIGH);
digitalWrite(D,HIGH);
digitalWrite(E,LOW);
digitalWrite(F,HIGH);
digitalWrite(G,HIGH);
digitalWrite(H,LOW);
}
void loop(void)
{
zero();
delay(1000);
one();
delay(1000);
two();
delay(1000);
three();
delay(1000);
four();
delay(1000);
five();
delay(1000);
six();
delay(1000);
seven();
delay(1000);
eight();
delay(1000);
nine();
delay(1000);
}
 Output:

2 Displaying Time over 4-Digit 7-Segment Display using Raspberry Pi

Code:
import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
import time
from table import *
SDI=25
RCLK=27
SRCLK=24
per_line=[0x7f, 0xbf, 0xdf, 0xef, 0xf7, 0xfb, 0xfd, 0xfe]
def print_msg():
print('Program is running ...')
print('Please press ctrl+c to end the program..')
def setup():
GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)
GPIO.setup(SDI,GPIO.OUT)
GPIO.setup(RCLK,GPIO.OUT)
GPIO.setup(SRCLK,GPIO.OUT)

GPIO.output(SDI,GPIO.LOW)
GPIO.output(RCLK,GPIO.LOW)
GPIO.output(SRCLK,GPIO.LOW)
def hc595_in(dat):
for bit in range(0,8):
GPIO.output(SDI,(1&(dat>>bit)))
GPIO.output(SRCLK,GPIO.HIGH)
time.sleep(0.000001)
GPIO.output(SRCLK,GPIO.LOW)
def hc595_out():
GPIO.output(RCLK,GPIO.HIGH)
time.sleep(0.000001)
GPIO.output(RCLK,GPIO.LOW)
def flash(table):
for i in range(8):
hc595_in(per_line[i])
hc595_in(table[i])
hc595_out()
hc595_in(per_line[7])
hc595_in(0x00)
hc595_out()
def show(table,second):
start=time.time()
while True:
flash(table)
finish=time.time()
if finish-start>second:
break
def main():
charactors='AaBbCcDdEeFfGgHhIiJjKkLlMmNnOoPpQqRrSsTtUuVvWwXxYyZz123
456
7890'
word='Microbyte'
while True:
for table in word:
table = table.upper()
show(table.charactors[table],1)
time.sleep(1)
show(table.picture['creeper'],1)

time.sleep(1)
show(table.picture['smile'],1)
time.sleep(1)
for charactor in charactors:
print("charactor: %s",charactor)
show(table.charactors[charactor],1)
time.sleep(1)
def destroy():
GPIO.cleanup()
if __name__ == '__main__':
setup()
try:
main()
except KeyboardInterrupt:
destroy()
3.Interfacing 16X2 LCD With Arduino to display different messages.

LCD 16 X 2:
A Liquid Crystal Display capable of displaying two lines of 16 characters.

Arduino Uno R3:

A programmable board you can use to build interactive circuits.

Code:-
#include<LiquidCrystal.h>
LiquidCrystal lcd(7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2);

//String str="";
char str[70];
String
gpsString="$GPGGA,134658.00,5106.9792,N,11402.3003,W,2,09,1.0,1048.47,M,-1
6.27,M,08,AAAA*60";

char *test="$GPGGA";

String latitude="No Range ";

String longitude="No Range ";

int temp=0,i;
boolean gps_status=0;

void setup()
{
lcd.begin(16,2);
Serial.begin(9600);

lcd.print("Vehicle Tracking");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print(" System ");
delay(4000);
lcd.clear();

delay(2000);
get_gps();
}

void loop()
{
 get_gps();
}

void get_gps()
{
gps_status=0;
int x=0;
while(gps_status==0)
{
int str_lenth=81;
latitude="";
longitude="";
int comma=0;

//gpsString = '134658.00,5106.9792,N,11402.3003,W,2,09,1.0,1048.47';
//Serial.println(gpsString);
while(x<81)
{
//Serial.println(gpsString[x]);
if(gpsString[x]==','){
comma++;

}
if(comma==2) //extract latitude from string
latitude+=gpsString[x+1];
else if(comma==4) //extract longitude from string
longitude+=gpsString[x+1];

x++;
}
int l1=latitude.length();
latitude[l1-1]=' ';
l1=longitude.length();
longitude[l1-1]=' ';

lcd.clear();
lcd.println("Lat:");
lcd.print(latitude);
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("Long:");
lcd.print(longitude);

Serial.print("Lat: ");
Serial.print(latitude);
 Serial.print("\tLong: ");
Serial.println(longitude);

i=0;x=0;
str_lenth=0;
delay(2000);
}
}

OUTPUT:-

3 Interfacing 16X2 LCD with Raspberry Pi to display different

messages.

charactors = {
"A" : [
0b00000000,
0b00011000,
0b00100100,
0b00100100,
0b00111100,
0b00100100,
0b00000000,
0b00000000,
],
"a" : [
0b00000000,
0b00000000,
0b00011100,
0b00100100,
0b00100100,
0b00011100,
0b00000000,
0b00000000,
],
"B" : [
0b00000000,
0b00111000,
0b00100100,
0b00111000,
0b00100100,
0b00111000,
0b00000000,
0b00000000,
],
"b" : [
0b00000000,
0b00100000,
0b00111000,
0b00100100,
0b00100100,
0b00111000,
0b00000000,
0b00000000,
],
"C" : [
0b00000000,
0b00011000,
0b00100000,
0b00100000,
0b00100000,
0b00011000,
0b00000000,
0b00000000,
],
"c" : [
0b00000000,
0b00000000,
0b00011000,
0b00100000,
0b00100000,
0b00011000,
0b00000000,
0b00000000,
],
"D" : [
0b00000000,
0b00111000,
0b00100100,
0b00100100,
0b00100100,
0b00111000,
0b00000000,
0b00000000,
],
"d" : [
0b00000000,
0b00000100,
0b00011100,
0b00100100,
0b00100100,
0b00011100,
0b00000000,
0b00000000,
],
"E" : [
0b00000000,
0b00111000,
0b00100000,
0b00111000,
0b00100000,
0b00111000,
0b00000000,
0b00000000,
],
"e" : [
0b00000000,
0b00000000,
0b00011000,
0b00101100,
0b00110000,
0b00011000,
0b00000000,
0b00000000,
],
"F" : [
0b00000000,
0b00111000,
0b00100000,
0b00111000,
0b00100000,
0b00100000,
0b00000000,
0b00000000,
],
"f" : [
0b00000000,
0b00001000,
0b00010000,
0b00111000,
0b00010000,
0b00010000,
0b00000000,
0b00000000,
],
"G" : [
0b00000000,
0b00011100,
0b00100000,
0b00101100,
0b00100100,
0b00011100,
0b00000000,
0b00000000,
],
"g" : [
0b00000000,
0b00000000,
0b00011100,
0b00100100,
0b00100100,
0b00011100,
0b00000100,
0b00011000,
],
"H" : [
0b00000000,
0b00100100,
0b00100100,
0b00111100,
0b00100100,
0b00100100,
0b00000000,
0b00000000,
],
"h" : [
0b00000000,
0b00100000,
0b00111000,
0b00100100,
0b00100100,
0b00100100,
0b00000000,
0b00000000,
],
"I" : [
0b00000000,
0b00111000,
0b00010000,
0b00010000,
0b00010000,
0b00111000,
0b00000000,
0b00000000,
0b00000000,
],
"i" : [
0b00000000,
0b00100000,
0b00000000,
0b00100000,
0b00100000,
0b00100000,
0b00000000,
0b00000000,
0b00000000,
],
"J" : [
0b00000000,
0b00001100,
0b00000100,
0b00000100,
0b00100100,
0b00011000,
0b00000000,
0b00000000,
],
"j" : [
0b00000000,
0b00000100,
0b00000000,
0b00000100,
0b00000100,
0b00000100,
0b00001000,
0b00000000,
],
"K" : [
0b00000000,
0b00100100,
0b00101000,
0b00110000,
0b00101000,
0b00100100,
0b00000000,
0b00000000,
],
"k" : [
0b00000000,
0b00100000,
0b00100100,
0b00101000,
0b00111000,
0b00100100,
0b00000000,
0b00000000,
],
"L" : [
0b00000000,
0b00100000,
0b00100000,
0b00100000,
0b00100000,
0b00111100,
0b00000000,
0b00000000,
],
"l" : [
0b00000000,
0b00110000,
0b00010000,
0b00010000,
0b00010000,
0b00010000,
0b00000000,
0b00000000,
],
"M" : [
0b00000000,
0b00100010,
0b00110110,
0b00101010,
0b00100010,
0b00100010,
0b00000000,
0b00000000,
],
"m" : [
0b00000000,
0b00000000,
0b00111100,
0b00101010,
0b00101010,
0b00101010,
0b00000000,
0b00000000,
],
"N" : [
0b00000000,
0b00100100,
0b00110100,
0b00101100,
0b00100100,
0b00100100,
0b00000000,
0b00000000,
],
"n" : [
0b00000000,
0b00000000,
0b00111000,
0b00100100,
0b00100100,
0b00100100,
0b00000000,
0b00000000,
],
"O" : [
0b00000000,
0b00011000,
0b00100100,
0b00100100,
0b00100100,
0b00011000,
0b00000000,
0b00000000,
],
"o" : [
0b00000000,
0b00000000,
0b00011000,
0b00100100,
0b00100100,
0b00011000,
0b00000000,
0b00000000,
],
"P" : [
0b00000000,
0b00111000,
0b00100100,
0b00111000,
0b00100000,
0b00100000,
0b00000000,
0b00000000,
],
"p" : [
0b00000000,
0b00000000,
0b00111000,
0b00100100,
0b00111000,
0b00100000,
0b00100000,
0b00000000,
],
"Q" : [
0b00000000,
0b00011000,
0b00100100,
0b00100100,
0b00100100,
0b00011000,
0b00000100,
0b00000000,
],
"q" : [
0b00000000,
0b00000000,
0b00011100,
0b00100100,
0b00011100,
0b00000100,
0b00000100,
0b00000000,
],
"R" : [
0b00000000,
0b00111000,
0b00100100,
0b00100100,
0b00111000,
0b00100100,
0b00000000,
0b00000000,
],
"r" : [
0b00000000,
0b00000000,
0b00101000,
0b00110000,
0b00100000,
0b00100000,
0b00000000,
0b00000000,
],
"S" : [
0b00000000,
0b00011100,
0b00100000,
0b00011000,
0b00000100,
0b00111000,
0b00000000,
0b00000000,
],
"s" : [
0b00000000,
0b00000000,
0b00011100,
0b00110000,
0b00001100,
0b00111000,
0b00000000,
0b00000000,
],
"T" : [
0b00000000,
0b00111000,
0b00010000,
0b00010000,
0b00010000,
0b00010000,
0b00000000,
0b00000000,
],
"t" : [
0b00000000,
0b00010000,
0b00111000,
0b00010000,
0b00010000,
0b00001000,
0b00000000,
0b00000000,
],
"U" : [
0b00000000,
0b00100100,
0b00100100,
0b00100100,
0b00100100,
0b00011000,
0b00000000,
0b00000000,
],
"u" : [
0b00000000,
0b00000000,
0b00100100,
0b00100100,
0b00100100,
0b00011100,
0b00000000,
0b00000000,
],
"V" : [
0b00000000,
0b00100100,
0b00100100,
0b00101000,
0b00101000,
0b00010000,
0b00000000,
0b00000000,
],
"v" : [
0b00000000,
0b00000000,
0b00100100,
0b00100100,
0b00101000,
0b00010000,
0b00000000,
0b00000000,
],
"W" : [
0b00000000,
0b00100010,
0b00101010,
0b00101010,
0b00101010,
0b00010100,
0b00000000,
0b00000000,
],
"w" : [
0b00000000,
0b00000000,
0b00101010,
0b00101010,
0b00010100,
0b00010100,
0b00000000,
0b00000000,
],
"X" : [
0b00000000,
0b00100100,
0b00100100,
0b00011000,
0b00100100,
0b00100100,
0b00000000,
0b00000000,
],
"x" : [
0b00000000,
0b00000000,
0b00101000,
0b00010000,
0b00010000,
0b00101000,
0b00000000,
0b00000000,
],
"Y" : [
0b00000000,
0b00100100,
0b00100100,
0b00011100,
0b00000100,
0b00011000,
0b00000000,
0b00000000,
],
"y" : [
0b00000000,
0b00000000,
0b00100100,
0b00100100,
0b00100100,
0b00011100,
0b00000100,
0b00011000,
],
"Z" : [
0b00000000,
0b00111000,
0b00001000,
0b00010000,
0b00100000,
0b00111000,
0b00000000,
0b00000000,
],
"z" : [
0b00000000,
0b00000000,
0b00111100,
0b00001000,
0b00010000,
0b00111100,
0b00000000,
0b00000000,
],
"1" : [
0b00000000,
0b00010000,
0b00110000,
0b00010000,
0b00010000,
0b00111000,
0b00000000,
0b00000000,
],
"2" : [
0b00000000,
0b00111000,
0b00000100,
0b00011000,
0b00100000,
0b00111100,
0b00000000,
0b00000000,
],
"3" : [
0b00000000,
0b00111000,
0b00000100,
0b00011000,
0b00000100,
0b00111000,
0b00000000,
0b00000000,
],
"4" : [
0b00000000,
0b00001000,
0b00011000,
0b00101000,
0b00111100,
0b00001000,
0b00000000,
0b00000000,
],
"5" : [
0b00000000,
0b00111100,
0b00100000,
0b00111000,
0b00000100,
0b00111000,
0b00000000,
0b00000000,
],
"6" : [
0b00000000,
0b00011000,
0b00100000,
0b00111000,
0b00100100,
0b00011000,
0b00000000,
0b00000000,
],
"7" : [
0b00000000,
0b00111100,
0b00000100,
0b00001000,
0b00010000,
0b00010000,
0b00000000,
0b00000000,
],
"8" : [
0b00000000,
0b00011000,
0b00100100,
0b00011000,
0b00100100,
0b00011000,
0b00000000,
0b00000000,
],
"9" : [
0b00000000,
0b00011000,
0b00100100,
0b00011100,
0b00000100,
0b00011000,
0b00000000,
0b00000000,
],
"0" : [
0b00000000,
0b00011000,
0b00100100,
0b00100100,
0b00100100,
0b00011000,
0b00000000,
0b00000000,
],
"!" : [
0b00000000,
0b00100000,
0b00100000,
0b00100000,
0b00000000,
0b00100000,
0b00000000,
0b00000000,
],
"?" : [
0b00000000,
0b00111000,
0b00000100,
0b00011000,
0b00000000,
0b00010000,
0b00000000,
0b00000000,
],
"," : [
0b00000000,
0b00000000,
0b00000000,
0b00000000,
0b00000000,
0b00010000,
0b00100000,
0b00000000,
],
"." : [
0b00000000,
0b00000000,
0b00000000,
0b00000000,
0b00000000,
0b00100000,
0b00000000,
0b00000000,
],
"<" : [
0b00000000,
0b00001000,
0b00010000,
 0b00100000,
0b00010000,
0b00001000,
0b00000000,
0b00000000,
],
">" : [
0b00000000,
0b00100000,
0b00010000,
0b00001000,
0b00010000,
0b00100000,
0b00000000,
0b00000000,
],
}

picture = {
"smile":[
0b00000000,
0b01000010,
0b10100101,
0b00000000,
0b00000000,
0b01000010,
0b00111100,
0b00000000,
],

"creeper":[
0b11111111,
0b11111111,
0b10011001,
0b10011001,
0b11100111,
0b11000011,
0b11000011,
0b11011011,
],
}
4.Arduino Based Oscilloscope

Arduino Uno R3:

A programmable board you can use to build interactive circuits.

BreadBoard Small:
A half-size breadboard with 30 rows,10 columns, and two pairs of power rails

Resistor:
Restricts the flow of electricity in a circuit, reducing the voltage and current as a
result.

LED:
Light- Emitting Diode that lights up when electricity passes through it in the correct
direction.

Oscilloscope:
Electronic test equipment for measuring output signals.

Potentiometer:
A type of resistor whose resistance changes at the turn of a knob

Code:-
int potPin=2;
int ledPin=13;
int val=10;
void setup()
{
pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT);
}

void loop()
{
val = analogRead(potPin);
digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH);
delay(val); // Wait for 1000 millisecond(s)
digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);
delay(val); // Wait for 1000 millisecond(s)
}

OUTPUT:
5.Arduino GPS Module Interfacing

Arduino Uno R3:

A programmable board you can use to build interactive circuits.

Resistor:
Restricts the flow of electricity in a circuit, reducing the voltage and current as a
result.

LCD 16 X 2:
A Liquid Crystal Display capable of displaying two lines of 16 characters.

Pushbutton:
A switch that closes a circuit while pressed.

Temperature Sensor:
A sensor that outputs different voltages based on the ambient temperature.

Code:-
char text1[] = "$GPVTG,054.7,T,034.4,M,005.5,N,010.2,K";
char text2[] =
"$GPGGA,134658.00,5106.9792,N,11402.3003,W,2,09,1.0,1048.47,M,-16.27,M,08,
AAAA*60";
void setup()
{
Serial.begin(9600);
}

void loop()
{
delay(200);
Serial.write(text1);
Serial.write("/");
delay(500);
Serial.write(text2);
delay(500);
}
OUTPUT:-
6. IOT Based Web Controlled Home Automation using Arduino

Arduino Uno R3:

A programmable board you can use to build interactive circuits.

PIR Sensor:
Passive infrared motion sensor used to sense motion in front of it.

DC Motor:
A motor,which converts electrical energy into mechanical energy.

Photoresistor:
A sensor whose resistance changes based on the amount of light it senses.

Power Supply:
Electronic test equipment for supplying power to your circuit.

Relay SPDT:
A 5V SPDT power relay for switching between two circuits.

Light Bulb:
A 12V/ 3W incandescent light bulb.

Resistor:
Restricts the flow of electricity in a circuit, reducing the voltage and current as a
result.

Temperature Sensor:
A sensor that outputs different voltages based on the ambient temperature.

CODE:-
float x,y,z,temp;
void setup()
{
pinMode(8, INPUT);
pinMode(5, OUTPUT);
pinMode(6, OUTPUT);
pinMode(A5, INPUT);
pinMode(A4, INPUT);
Serial.begin(9600);
}
void loop()
{
 x= digitalRead(8);
y= analogRead(A5);
z= analogRead(A4);
Serial.println(x);
Serial.println(y);
Serial.println(z);
temp = (double)z / 1024;
temp = temp * 5;
temp = temp - 0.5;
temp = temp * 100;
if ( (x>0) )
{
if ((y<550)&&(temp>30))
{
digitalWrite(5, HIGH);
digitalWrite(6, HIGH);
}
else if((y<550)&&(temp<30))
{
digitalWrite(5, HIGH);
digitalWrite(6, LOW);
}
else if((y>550)&&(temp>30))
{
digitalWrite(5, LOW);
digitalWrite(6, HIGH);
}
else if((y>550)&&(temp<30))
{
digitalWrite(5, LOW);
digitalWrite(6, LOW);
}
}
else
{
digitalWrite(5, LOW);
digitalWrite(6, LOW);
}
}
OUTPUT:-
7.Interfacing Arduino With RFID.

Arduino Uno R3:

A programmable board you can use to build interactive circuits.

LCD 16 X 2:
A Liquid Crystal Display capable of displaying two lines of 16 characters.

Resistor:
Restricts the flow of electricity in a circuit, reducing the voltage and current as a
result.

Potentiometer:
A type of resistor whose resistance changes at the turn of a knob.

Code:-
#include <Keypad.h>
#include <LiquidCrystal.h>
LiquidCrystal lcd(5, 4, 3, 2, A4, A5);
struct student_detail{
String name;
String regno;
int status;
};
student_detail student_registered[30];
void student_registered_database()
{
student_registered[0]={"A0","18BLC0000",0};
student_registered[1]={"A1","18BLC0001",0};
student_registered[2]={"A2","18BLC0002",0};
student_registered[3]={"A3","18BLC0003",0};
student_registered[4]={"A4","18BLC0004",0};
student_registered[5]={"A5","18BLC0005",0};
student_registered[6]={"A6","18BLC0006",0};
student_registered[7]={"A7","18BLC0007",0};
student_registered[8]={"A8","18BLC0008",0};
student_registered[9]={"A9","18BLC0009",0};
student_registered[10]={"A10","18BLC0010",0};
student_registered[11]={"A11","18BLC0011",0};
student_registered[12]={"A12","18BLC0012",0};
student_registered[13]={"A13","18BLC0013",0};
student_registered[14]={"A14","18BLC0014",0};
student_registered[15]={"A15","18BLC0015",0};
 student_registered[16]={"A16","18BLC0016",0};
student_registered[17]={"A17","18BLC0017",0};
student_registered[18]={"A18","18BLC0018",0};
student_registered[19]={"A19","18BLC0019",0};
student_registered[20]={"A20","18BLC0020",0};
student_registered[21]={"A21","18BLC0021",0};
student_registered[22]={"A22","18BLC0022",0};
student_registered[23]={"A23","18BLC0023",0};
student_registered[24]={"A24","18BLC0024",0};
student_registered[25]={"A25","18BLC0025",0};
student_registered[26]={"A26","18BLC0026",0};
student_registered[27]={"A27","18BLC0027",0};
student_registered[28]={"A28","18BLC0028",0};
student_registered[29]={"A29","18BLC0029",0};
}
int find(String regno){
int status=-1;
for(int i=0;i<20;i++)
{
if(regno==student_registered[i].regno)
{
status=i;
}
}
return status;
}
void setup(){
Serial.begin(9600);
lcd.begin(16, 2);
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
student_registered_database();
}
void loop()
{
int status=-1;
if(Serial.available()>0)
{
String reg_no=Serial.readString();
status=find(reg_no);
if(status>=0 && status<=29)
{
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print(student_registered[status].name);
 lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print(student_registered[status].regno);
delay(5000);
student_registered[status].status=1;
}
else{
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("not found");
delay(5000);
}
}
else{
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("Give your regno");
delay(5000);
}
}

Output:-