SECTION A (25 MARKS)

KALA JOINT TRIAL EXAMINATION - 2024 Answer all the questions in tl1is section inl the spaces provided.
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education 1. Vernier calipers with a zero error of -0.02 cm gave the diameter of a marble as
232/1 PHYSICS Paper 1 1.67cm. Use the above information to determine the reading on the vernier calipers.
.
MAY2024 2hrs (2 marks)
Actual Reading = Final Reading + error

1.67 cm = Final+0.02
Final=l.67-0.02=1.65cm
2. The bicycle pump shown in Figure 7 below is one of the applications of pressure in
gases.

Name: ...Marking Scheme.............................Admission No........... . r1z. / .-cath� washer

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Class: ................................ Date: ..........................
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S·chool: ............•.........................•............ Signature ........... .

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To the
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Instructions to Candidates \·alvc -----• B•ckstrokc
• a) Write your name, index number in the spaces provided above. Barrel
b) Sign and write the date of the examination in the spaces provided. During backstroke, the leather washer(valve) was observed to open. Explain this
c) This paper consists of TWO Sections: A and B.
d) Answer ALL the questions in section A an</ B in the spaces provided. observation. (2 marks)
e) All working MUST be clearly shown. Air expands and its pressure reduces below atm.Ollpb.eric outside . Pressure
f) KNEC mathematical tables and silent non-programmable electronic
calculators may be used. difference pushes air into the barrel causing the valve to dpen
g) This paper consists of 11 printed pages. Candidates should check
the question paper to ascertain that all the pages are printed as
indicated and that no questions are missing. 3. A 60 g mass is suspended from a spring. When a 15 g mass is added, the spring
h) Candidates should answer the questions in English.
Take: Acceleration due to gravity, g=lOms·2
stretches by1.2 cm. Given that the spring obeys Hooke's law, determine the spring
•

For Examiner's Use Onlv constant. (Take gravitational field strength, g=l0Nkg·1). (3 marks)
Section Question Maximum Candidate Score k=F/e
Score
A
= 0.15/0.012
1L11 25
= 12.SN/m2
; 12 10

13 12
B
14 13 •
15 09

16 11

Total Score 10
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KALA JOINT TRIAL EXAMll'ATION
KALA JOINT TRIAL EXAMINATION

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 4. The figure below shows a metal bar that fits into the gauge. 6. Describe the motion represented by the following graphs. (2 marks)
ii
Displacement
!
������-
Metalbilr

(m)

•
�-
....... . ....... . . -�Gauge
State and explain what should be done to the metal bar so that it doesn't fit into the
Tlme(s)
gauge. (2 marks) i ______ .Stationary body away from the origin
•
ii
Heat the metal bar
Uniformly increasing velocity/ I Clonstant acceleration
The bar expands and becomes bigger than the gauge
_______

7. The figure below shows beaker containing water at 0° .The beaker is placed on a
5.The figure shows a thermos flask.
bench.
A

H Water at o°C

B
Anti·
shoclc pads
�
State and explain the changes in stability of beaker when water freezes.(2 marks)

Becomes less stable/ /Stability reduces

On freezing, the poeition of centre of gravity increases

(a) Name the parts labeled A and B. (2 marks)

A ____Vacuum. 8. The figure below shows a uniform rod AC of mass 20 kg which is 50 cm long and

1 B_ _____ .Silvery/Shinny surfaces pivoted at B. A 20 N acts at point q and a 300 N force is passed through a frictionless
• (b) State how the cork is effective in minimizing heat transfer by conduction between pulley. Determine the force F acting at end A. (3 marks)

the thermos flask and the environment. (1 mark) •

Frictionless R
Clork is a thermal insulator or poor thermal conductor
pulley
300N
A c

F 20N

KALA JO I NT TRIAL E X A M IN A TION 3 19(.S!PI�l!l(.fi l<CJt'1>'EfMIC SflCC'ESS

KALA JOI N T TRIAL EXAMI N ATION 4 19(.S!PI�J!l(.g Jl.C.1<'1>'EfMIC SflCC'ESS

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 9.
SECTION B (55 MARKS)
The pressure of the air inside a car tyre increases if the car stands out in the sun
Answer all the questions in this section in the spaces provided.
for some time on a hot day. Explain the pressure increase in terms of the kinetic
.

theory of gases. 12. (a) Name a type of force that act on an object for a short period of time and has
(2 marks)
large impact. (1 mark)
When the temperature of the air inside the tyre increaae the kinetic energy of air Impulsive force
particles increases Jd therefore the rate at which they collide with the walls of (b) A car of mass 2000kg traveling at Sm/s collides with a minibus of mass SOOOkg
the tyre is increased - so the pressure increases.
I
traveling in the opposite direction at 7 m/s. The vehicles stick and move together
after collision. If the collision lasts 0.1 s
10. Figure 5 shows a sheet of paper rolled into a tube. When a fast stream of air is (i) Determine the velocity of the system after collision. (3 marks)

blown into the hollow paper tube as shown in the diagram the paper tube collapses. m1 u1 +�11i = (m1+�)v,

Explain the observation.

(2000x5)+(5000x-7)=(7000)v,
(2 marks)
10,000-35,000=7000v,
v, = -25,000/7000
• v, = (-)3.57lm/s *can be positive
Air blown
(ii) Calculate the rate of change of momentum on the car. (3 marks)
•
through the
j
paper tube
F=ma
The pressure inside the paper tube decreases due t.o increased velocity of air inside F = {2000(5-3.571)}/0.l
the tube; and hence air pressure acting outside the paper which is now greater = 28,580 N
presses the paper down making it t.o collapse (iii) Kinetic energy of the system was noted to be different. Suggest one way of how
11. State two assumptions made in oil drop experiment. (2 marks) the kinetic energy may have been lost. (1 mark)
Energy lost in form of sound or heat.
- Oil patch is a perfect circle/cylinder.
- Oil patch is a monolayer.
(iv) When a bus surges forward passengers are jerked badkward. Explain. (2 marks)
Due t.o inertia. Passenger tends t.o remain at rest
- Diameters of oil molecules are uniform.
- Volume of oil patch is �ual t.o volume of oil drop .

•
•
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KALA JO I N T TR I AL EXAMI N A TION 19{.SPI!l(I?{.(j 1'C1''DT.'MIC S'1CCT.SS
KALA JOI N T TR I AL E X A M I N A TIO N I?{.SP/!11,,I?{.(j l<C.fl'DT.'MIC S'1CCT.SS

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13. (a) Define the term specific latent heat of vaporization. (1 mark) 14. a) The machine wheel and axle has a lot of application in real life. Name �ny one
•
Quantity of heat required to change a unit mass of substance from liquid to gas or practical example of such machine. (1 mark)
vapour at constant temperature. Steering Wheel//Water tap //Screw driver
(b) Water of mass 200g at a temperature of 60°b is put in a well lagged copper b) A man uses a bow to fire an arrow of mass 0.2kg vertically upwards into the air.
calorimeter of mass 80g. A piece of ice at 0°C and mass 20g is placed in the He stretches the bow by 0.15m with a maximum force of IOON
calorimeter and the mixture stirred gently until all the ice melts. The final (i) Calculate the energy transferred) to the arrow. (2 marks)
temperature of the mixture is then measured. (Latent heat of fusion of ice= E = 0.5 Fe
33,400Jkg-1, specific heat capacity of water= 4,200Jkg-1K-1 Specific heat capacity of = 0.5 x lOOx: 0.15
the ca)orimeter = 900Jkg-K-1). Determine: = 7.SJ •
j
(i) The heat absorbed by the melting ice at 0°C. (2 marks) (ii) Calculate the speed with which the arrow leaves the bow assuming all energy is
Q =mlr transferred to the arrow. (2 marks)
= 0.02 x 33,400 E= 0.5mv2
= 668J 1.5 0.5 x 0.2x v2
=

(ii) The heat absorbed by the melted ice (water) to rise to temperature T.(2marks) v=8.660m/s
Q=mcA0 (iii) Determine the greatest height reached by the arrow before it begins to fall.
= 0.02x4200x(T) (2 marks)

= 84T J Hmu: u2/(2g)

=

(iii)The heat lost by the warm water and the calorimeter. (2 marks) = 8.6602/(2x10)
Q= m,,c,.i.0 + m,c,i. 9 = 3.75m '

c) A drum is rolled up a 6 m long ramp leaning on a wall as shown in figure below.

• = {0.2x4200x:(60-T)} + {0.08 x 400 x (60-T)}
The drum weighs 420 N and it is raised through a height of 1.5m ·
= (50400-840T) + (1920- 32T)
= (52320- 872T)J
(iv) The final temperature T of the mixture (3 marks)
Heat lost = Heat gained
52320- 872T 668 + 84T
=
Drum

51652 = 956T
T 54.03°0
=

•
(v) Twfl students washed a towel each and took them outside to dry them in the sun. If a force F of 120 N is applied parallel to the ramp, determine;
Student M folded the wet towel two times before placing it in the sun while student N (i) The velocity ratio of the ramp. (2 marks)
spread the wet towel. Identify with a reason the towel that dried faster. (2 marks)
l . - . Distancemoved by effort
For student N// The one spread m the sun V R• - i
Distance moved by load
Spreading the towel increases the surface area exposed hence increasing the rate of
evaporation. V.R =l_§_=4
1.5

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KALA JOI N T TRIAL E X AMI N ATIO N 19{,S!PI!R,.I'J(.q 1'CJ<'1>'EAfIC S'llCC'ESS
KA LA J 0I N T TR IAL E X AM l N AT I 0 N 19(.S !PI !R,.l '}(. f JI CJ< !D 'EM IC S 'l1 CC 'ES S

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 •

(iii) Determine the weight of the liquid displaced by the fully submerged block.
(ii) The mechanical advantage of using the machine. (2 marks)
(3 marks)
M .A= l l:E!!I!_ Upthrust, U=pwVg;
Effort
420_ U=0.4BN;
M.A= l 3s U=lOOOx4.8 xlQ-5xlO;
120- .

(iii) The efficiency of the machine. (2 marks) (iv) Hence determine the tension, T in the string. (1 mark)

M.A x1QO%
T=W-U=l.248-0.48=0.768N
Efficiency,IJ= (c) Give a reason why an object weighs more in air than when fully immersed in
V.R
35
IJ= . x1QO% water. (1 mark)
Upthrust due to air is smaller than upthrust due to water;
4

IJ=87.5%

• (since air has a lower density than water)

15. (a) State Archimedes' principle. (1 mark)
16. (a) A lead shot of mass 40g is tied to a string of length 70cm. It is swung
Archimedes' principle stat.es that when a body is totally {fully/ completely/ wholly)
vertically at S revolutions per second. Determine;
or partially immersed in a fluid experiences upthrust which is equal to the weight of
(

i. Angular velocity (2 marks)

fluid displaced;
(b) A cylindrical solid of cross-section area 4 cm2 and density 2.60gm-3, is wholly W=2nf

immersed in water of density 1000 kgm-3 and supported by a string as shown in = 2'11X5
•
= 1011 rads-1 or 31.42 rads-1
Figure 11. The three forces acting on th� block are the tension T, on the string, the
weight. W, of the block and the upthrust, U due to water. (Take acceleration due to ii. Linear velocity (2 marks)

gravity as 10 ms-2) v=rW

= 0.7x1011

String--
=711 m/s or 21.994 m/s
I (3 marks)
iii. Maximum tension in the string.

Wat
T..,.. (mv2/r) +(mg)
e
=llljj��j�j� =

cm��j1�1)12cm
= {(0.04x(711 )2 )/0.7} + (0.04x1�)
e
Ar a= 4 = 28.03 N
Solid

�I�� �I!�-�il i jJ�

r
(i) Write an equation connecting the three forces acting on the block when the block
• is in equilibrium inside the liquid (1 mark)
T+U=W

(ii) Determine the weight, W of the block. (2 marks)

(
W=mg=pVg=2600x 4 x 12x 10-6 x1 0 )
W=l.248N
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K AL A J 0 I NT TR I AL E X AMIN A TI 0 N JI. C JI. '1J '1'. 'MIC S 'II CC"- SS
KALA JOINT TRIAL EXAMINATION 19(.SP!!li,.I!J(.q Jl.CJl.'!J'E!MIC S'IICC'ESS
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(b) Figure 2 below shows a bucket filled with 'Yater and tied to one end of a string
which is used to whirl it in a vertical circular path with a uniform speed v.

Buckel -----
�A --

'-.
'\
\
I c
I I
\ I
'\ /
....... __
B
......

(i) State two forces acting on the bucket at any instant. (2 marks) •
Weight (of the bucket)
Tension(on the string)
(ii) The speed of the bucket is gradually reduced. Explain what is likely to observed
when the bucket is at point A. (2 marks
Water will pour out. At a certain nrinimum speed the centripetal is less than what,

is reciuired to keep the motion of the b �cket, therefore water spills out. OR The

• body is moving at speed less than critical speed

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