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17 views2 pages

Lec 13

Uploaded by

kg552315
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Classful Addressing in IP Networks

Classful addressing is an old method of dividing the 32-bit IP address space into fixed-size
blocks or classes, used for assigning IP addresses in a network. IP addresses are divided into five
classes: A, B, C, D, and E, though classes D and E are reserved for specific uses (multicasting
and experimental purposes, respectively).

Each class has a default subnet mask and a defined range for the first octet of the IP address.

The IP Address Format

An IP address is a 32-bit number divided into four octets (or bytes). Each octet consists of 8 bits.
The general format of an IP address is:

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X.X.X.X (where each 'X' is a number between 0 and 255)

Class A, B, C Addresses

Let's focus on the first three common classes:

1. Class A

 First Octet Range: 0 to 127


 Default Subnet Mask: 255.0.0.0
 Hosts per Network: About 16 million (2³¹ - 2)
 Network/Host Partition: The first octet is for the network, and the remaining three
octets are for hosts.

Example of a Class A address: 10.0.0.1

 Network ID: 10
 Host ID: 0.0.1
 Can support up to 16,777,214 hosts in the 10.x.x.x network.

2. Class B

 First Octet Range: 128 to 191


 Default Subnet Mask: 255.255.0.0
 Hosts per Network: About 65,534 (2¹⁶ - 2)
 Network/Host Partition: The first two octets are for the network, and the last two octets
are for hosts.

Example of a Class B address: 172.16.0.1


 Network ID: 172.16
 Host ID: 0.1
 Can support up to 65,534 hosts in the 172.16.x.x network.

3. Class C

 First Octet Range: 192 to 223


 Default Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0
 Hosts per Network: 254 (2⁸ - 2)
 Network/Host Partition: The first three octets are for the network, and the last octet is
for hosts.

Example of a Class C address: 192.168.1.1

 Network ID: 192.168.1


 Host ID: 1
 Can support up to 254 hosts in the 192.168.1.x network.

Class D and E Addresses

 Class D (224.0.0.0 - 239.255.255.255): Reserved for multicast groups.


 Class E (240.0.0.0 - 255.255.255.255): Reserved for experimental and research purposes.

Example:

Suppose you are given the IP address 192.168.10.15 with the default subnet mask.

 Since 192 is between 192 and 223, this is a Class C address.


 The default subnet mask for Class C is 255.255.255.0.
 Network ID: 192.168.10
 Host ID: 15
 The network can support 254 hosts (addresses from 192.168.10.1 to 192.168.10.254).

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