Data Visualization

Data
66
Analysis
The
process
of
inspecting cleansing transforming
, , ,
I

modelling data with the

goal of discovering useful
information
, informing conclusions and supporting
"
,
decision -

making .

-
[ Wikipedia]
of well defined
• Data analysis has the
objective answering a
-

research statement
problem :

Association : Is there relation between X IY ?

any
Causation : does X cause Y ?

Prediction :
given Xi ,
can we
predict Y ?

Classification of Data

Data
f \v

Qualitative / Quantitative

categorical Data Data

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•
Categorical Data

Nominal :
gender blood ele
is
group
.
,
,

o Ordinal : disease stage degree of pain

,
.

→ Likert scale for

pain ([ 1 (no pain ) ,
2C mild)
,
3 (
high )
,

4 ( too ) , Scsevere )] )
high
Binary
' '
I
'
0 : O I .

• Quantitative Data

o Discrete → bar chart

: → no of students in a class
eg
. .

of in each
• no .

computers department .

of items at the
no
buy grocery every
month .

you
• .

o continuous →
histograms ( single variable) scatter
plot
C two
,
variables )

eg :
- .

age ,
height weight ,
.

• Blood Pressure ,
Blood flow .

•
Temperature ,
Pressure .

NOTE : -
Choose statistical
analysis based on the
type of data .
 Why visualize data ?

→ observe the patterns

→
identify the outliers that could
be anomalies .

for
→
easy interpretation .

Popular Plotting Libraries in

Python
1- Matplotlib
2
.
Pandas

3 .
Seaborn
 of charts
Types
A- hine charts :

visual tools that illustrate trends in data

•
powerful over a

of time
period
• each value is plotted on the chart then the points are
,
connected to trend the compared time
display a over

span

the reader to make predictions projections for

•
helps Er)
future outcomes .
B .

Histogram :

bars of different
•
graphical representation of date
using
heights
.

each bar
•
groups no 's into
ranges
& the
height of
depicts the freq .
of each R
range @ )
bin .

• When to use ?
o to represent freq -
distribution of numerical variables .

( movies data .
Csv )
•
Matplottib implementation :

Better visualization : -
• Seaborn implementation : -
C .
Bar chart
•
presents categorical data with
rectangular bars with
lengths
proportional to the counts that
they represent
.

Bar charts be oriented

• can
vertically COR ) horizontally ;
vertical bar charts are known as column charts .

•
Horizontal bar charts are a
good option when
you
have
lot of bars to @ K) the labels them
a
plot ,
on
require
additional to be
space legible .

•
Matplotlib implementation : -

• Seaborn implementation : -
The variable you want to
map
anis W
.

on n -

syntax : -
sus .

countplot C '
ate .
; , III! )
d
of the function name of the dataframe
name
D) Scatter plot
two variables
•
displays values on numeric
using points
for each variable
positioned two on anis : one .

• demonstrates the relationship between the plotted variables -

whether the correlation positive

is
strong 0127 weak ,

linear
cops negative linear @ R2 non - .

•
helps in
identifying outliers -

•
Matplotlib implementation : -

• Seaborn implementation : -

this is True
by denfault .

Syntax : - sus .

veg plot ( n
,
y ,
marker =
"

*
"

,
fit !eg= False)
E.) Pie Chart

simplest & efficient visual tool for

• most
comparing parts
of a whole .

• is a circular chart divided into

wedge -
like sectors
,

illustrating proportion .

• The total value of the pie is

always loot .
.
 Some more
Popular charts . . .

F) Bon Plot G.)

Doughnut chart

H)
.

Bubble Chart I) SPIDER @R) RADAR CHART

 Reference

1
Wikipedia
.

"
5th edition
Picturing
''
2
Elementary Statistics the World
' -
-

Ron Larson Farber

Betsy
-

3 .
https://visme.co/blog/types-of-graphs/

4 .
https://chartio.com/learn/charts/essential-chart-types-for-data-visualization/

5 . https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a9UrKTVEeZA

G .
https://www.gapminder.org/fw/world-health-chart/