Model Question Paper II

ELECTRICITY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION

Time: 3 Hour Max.Marks: 75

PART A

III. Answer all questions in one word or one sentence. Each question carries 1 mark.

1 State the function of economizer in a steam power station. M1.01 U

2 State the function of moderator in nuclear power plant M1.01 R
3 what is demand factor. M2.01 R
4 Define load factor. M2.01 R
5 State voltage regulation. M3.01 R
6 Define Ferranti effect. M3.03 R
7 Show the expression for determining the string efficiency. M4.02 U
8 Compare design factor of feeder and distributor. M4.01 U
9 What is grading in underground cable M4.03 R

PART B

IV. Answer any eight questions from the following, each question carries 3 marks.

List different conventional and non-conventional methods of power

1 M1.01 R
generation
2 Explain atomic power plant with a neat schematic layout. M1.01 U
A generating station has the following data: Installed capacity = 200
MV; capacity factor = 52%; Annual load factor = 65%, Calculate (i)
3 M2.04 A
the minimum reserve capacity of the station and (ii) the kWh
generated per annum
4 Explain the terms. (i). Load factor. (ii). Diversity factor. M2.01 U
5 Explain the necessity of transposition in OH supply lines. M3.03 U
6 Summarize different types of FACTS controllers M3.04 U
7 Explain skin effect and factors affecting skin effect. M3.03 U
8 Summarize flashover and puncture of insulators M4.02 U
9 Show the construction of underground cable with suitable diagrams. M4.03 R
Explain feeders, Distributors and service mains in an electric supply
10 M4.01 U
system
 PART C
Answer ALL questions. Each question carries 7 marks.

Define hydroelectric power station with the help of a neat schematic

III M1.01 R
diagram.
OR
List the essential equipments in a steam power station and state the
IV M1.01 R
functions of each.
A hydroelectric power plant operates under an effective head of
100m .Find the flow rate of water if power developed is 20MW and
V M1.03 A
overall efficiency of the power plant is 70%.

OR
Solve for annual average power generated for a hydroelectric plant
from the given data? catchment area - 10sqkm
annual rainfall - 150cm
expected Head - 200m
VI expected yield factor - 60% M1.03 A
power plant efficiency - 70%
expected load factor - 0.6

Interpret base load and peak load with the help of load curve.
VII M2.01 U
OR
Explain power factor improvement methods..
VIII M2.03 U
Illustrate various costs involved when determining total cost of
electrical energy
IX M2.02 U
Generated.

OR
Explain different types of tariff systems used to determine the cost
X M2.04 U
of electric energy.
A transmission line has a span of 210 meters between level
supports. The conductor has a cross-sectional area of 1:3 cm2,
weighs 1270 kg/km and has a breaking stress of 4228 kg/ cm2.
XI M3.02 A
Calculate the sag for a safety factor of 6, allowing a wind pressure
of 132 kg per square metre of projected area. Determine the slant
sag.
OR

.A 132 kV transmission line has the following data: Wt. of

XII conductor 680 kg/km, length of span 260 m, ultimate strength = M3.02 A
3100 kg , and safety factor = 2. Calculate the height above ground at
 which the conductor should be supported. Ground clearance
required is 10 metres

Explain the method employed for laying underground cable with the
XIII M4.03 U
help of neat diagrams
OR

XIV Explain the methods used for grading in underground cables M4.03 U

Scoring Indicators

Model Question Paper II

ELECTRICITY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION

Split Sub Tota

score Tota l
Q No Scoring Indicators
l scor
e
PART A
I. 1 1
I. 2 to slow down the neutrons and control nuclear fusion 1
I. 3 1
I. 4 Ratio of average load to maximum demand 1

I. 5 1

I. 6 1

I. 7 1
I. 8 Current for feeder and voltage drop for distributor 1
I. 9 Grading done in cable for reducing electric stress in cable 1
PART B 1
1.5+1.
II. 1 3
5

1.5+1.
II. 2 3
5

1+1+
II. 3 3
1
 1+1+
II. 4 3
1

In order that voltage drops are equal in all conductors, we

generally interchange the positions of the conductors at regular
intervals along the line so that each conductor occupies the
original position of every other conductor over an equal
distance. Such an exchange of positions is known as
transposition. The phase conductors are designated as A, B and
C and the positions occupied are numbered 1, 2 and 3. The
effect of transposition is that each conductor has the same
average inductance. 1+1+
II. 5 3
1

Different types (1)

Brief explanation of two types 1+1+
II. 6 3
1
 1+1+
II. 7 3
1

1.5+1.
II. 8 3
5
II. 9 1+2 3

1+1+
II.10 3
1

diagram showing feeder,distributor and service mains (1)

PART C
III 3+4 7

IV 1*7 7

2+3+
V 7
2

weight of water= volume *density=9000000m3 2+3+

VI 7
energy generated =w*g*h=3430000kwh 2
 power=energy/8760 (2)

2+2+
VII 7
3

importance of pf improvement
importance in power factor based tariff
EFFECTS
Large kVA rating of equipment
VIII Greater conductor size. 1*7 7
Large copper losses.
Poor voltage regulation
Reduced handling capacity of system.
different methods including improvement in induction motor

IX 4+3 7
X 1*7 7

2+2+
XI 7
3

XII 7
 Wt. of conductor/metre run, w = 0·68 kg 4+3

Working tension, T =1550 kg

Span length, l = 260 m

∴ Sag = w l2

8T

=0.68 X 2602

8 X 1550

= 3·7 m

(2)

Conductor should be supported at a height of 10+3·7=13·7 m

(1)

direct laying explanation (2)

draw in system explanation (2)

2+1+
XIII 1+1+ 7
2

2+1+
XIV 7
3+1
 Model Question Paper I

ELECTRICITY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION

Time: 3 Hour Max.Marks: 75

PART A

I. Answer all questions in one word or one sentence. Each question carries 1 mark.

A condenser in a thermal power plant condenses steam coming out of

1 R
M1.01
.

2 State main function of moderator in a nuclear power plant. R

M1.01

3 What is a synchronous condenser? R

M2.03

4 Define load factor. R

M2.01

5 Draw the power triangle. R

M2.03

When the length of an overhead transmission line is about 50 km and

6 the line voltage is comparatively low (< 20 kV), it is R
M3.01
transmission line

7 List the standard transmission voltages used in India. R

M3.01

8 is the main consideration in the design of a feeder R

M4.01

9 is the main consideration in the design of a distributor R

M4.01
 PART B

II. Answer any eight questions from the following, each question carries 3 marks.

1 Outline factors to be considered for the selection of site for hydro U

M1.02
electric power station.

2 Discuss basic concept of micro grid. U

M1.04

Calculate annual bill of a consumer whose maximum demand is 100kW,

3 PF=0.8 lagging and load factor =60%.The tariff used is Rs 75 per KVA A
M2.04
of maximum demand plus 15 paise per kWH consumed.

4 List the disadvantages of low power factor. R

M2.03

A generating station has a connected load of 43 MW and a maximum

5 demand of 20MW, the units generated being 61·5 ×106 per annum. A
M2.01
Calculate load factor.

A transmission line has a span of 150 m between level supports. The

6 tension in the conductor is 2000 kg.the weight of the conductor is A
M3.02
1.98kg/m wind pressure is 1.5 kg/m. calculate sag.

A 132 kV transmission line has the following data: Wt. of conductor

7 0.680 kg/m, length of span 260 m, working tension 1550 kg. Calculate A
M3.02
the height above ground at which the conductor should be supported.
Ground clearance required is 10 metres.

8 Summarize benefits of Flexible AC Transmission system. U

M3.04

9 Discuss causes of insulator failure in the power system. U

M4.02

10 Explain ring main system. U

M4.01
 PART C
Answer all questions. Each question carries 7 marks.

A hydro-electric generating station is supplied from a reservoir of

III capacity 5x106 cubic metre at a head of 200 metre. Find the total A
M1.03
energy available in kWh if the overall efficiency is 75%.

OR

A hydroelectric station has an average available head of 100 metres

and reservoir capacity of 50x106 cubic metres. Calculate the total
IV A
annual average power in MW that can be generated, assuming M1.03
hydraulic efficiency of 85% and electrical efficiency of 90%.

V Describe a nuclear power station with the help of neat schematic U

M1.01
diagram.
OR

VI Describe a coal based power station with the help of a neat schematic U
M1.01
diagram.
VII Compare two part tariff and three part tariff. U
M2.04

OR

VIII Explain time of day (TOD) tariff. U

M2.04
IX U
Explain types of conductors used in overhead transmission M3.01
OR

X U
Discuss transposition of conductors and its necessity M3.03
XI Demonstrate layout of interconnected AC distribution system. U
M4.01
OR

Discuss classifications of cables based on voltage for which they are

XII U
manufactured. M4.03

XIII Describe any one method of underground cable laying. U

M4.03
OR

XIV Identify classifications of distribution sub station. U

M4.04
 Scoring Indicators

Model Question Paper I

ELECTRICITY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION

Spl Sub Total

Q it Tota Scor
Scoring Indicators
No sco l e
re
PART A

A condenser in a thermal power plant condenses steam

I. 1 1
coming out of turbine .

State main function of moderator in a nuclear power plant.

I. 2 1
The moderator is used to slow down the neutrons.

What is a synchronous condenser?

I. 3 1
over excited synchronous motor

Define load factor.

I. 4 1
Load factor is the ratio of average load to maximum demand

Draw the power triangle.

I. 5 1

When the length of an overhead transmission line is about

I. 6 50 km and the line voltage is comparatively low (< 20 kV), 1
it is short transmission line
 List the standard AC transmission voltages used in India?
I. 7 1
400 kV, 220 kV, 110 kV and 66 kV AC lines.

current carrying capacity is the main consideration in the

I. 8 1
design of a feeder

voltage drop along its length is the main consideration in the

I. 9 1 9
design of a distributor

PART B
Availability of water.
Storage of water
II. 1 Cost and type of land. ¾
Transportation facilities. eac
h 3
● Micro grids are small-scale supply networks
designed to supply electrical loads for a small
community, such as a village locality. (1)
● Micro grid is essentially an active distribution network
II. 2 because it is the interconnection of DG systems and
different loads at distribution voltage level. The
generators or micro sources employed in a Micro grid
are usually renewable/non-conventional networks with
bidirectional electricity transportation
(2) 1+2 3
Units consumed/year = Max. demand × L.F. × Hours in a
year
= (100) × (0·6) × (8760) kWh
= 5·256 × 105 kWh
(1)
II. 3 Max. demand in kVA = 100/p.f. = 100/0·8 = 125 1+2 3
Annual bill = Max. demand charges + Energy charges
= Rs 75 × 125 + Rs 0·15 × 5·256 × 105
= Rs 9375 + Rs 78,840
= Rs 88,215 (2)

Large kVA rating of equipment

Greater conductor size.
¾
II. 4 Large copper losses. 3
eac
Poor voltage regulation
h
Reduced handling capacity of system.
 Average demand = Units generated / annum

Hours in a year

= 61⋅5 ×106

8760

= 7020 kW (1)
II. 5 3
∴ Load factor = Average demand

Max. demand

=7020

20 x 103

= 0·351 or 35·1% (2)

l=150 m
T=2000kg

Ww=1.5kg

W=1.98kg

(1)
II. 6 =2.48kg/m 3

∴ Sag = w l2

8T

= 3.48m (2)

Wt. of conductor/metre run, w = 0·68 kg

Working tension, T =1550 kg

II. 7 Span length, l = 260 m 3

∴ Sag = w l2

8T
 =0.68 X 2602

8 X 1550

= 3·7 m

(2)

Conductor should be supported at a height of 10+3·7=13·7

m (1)

1. Improve power transfer capability.

2. Confining power flow to designated routes.
3. Transient and dynamic stability
improvement. 1/2
II. 8 eac 3
4. Damping of power system oscillations.
h
5. Better voltage regulation.
6. Flexible operation and control of the system

a) Cracking of Insulator
b) Defective Insulation Material
c) Porosity in The Insulation Materials. 1/2
II. 9 d) Improper Glazing on Insulator Surface. ... eac 3
e) Flash Over Across Insulator. h
f) Mechanical Stresses on Insulator

In this system, the primaries of distribution transformers form a

loop. The loop circuit starts from the substation bus-bars, makes
a loop through the area to be served, and returns to the substation

1+
II.10 3
2

PART C
 3+
III 7
4

Head =100

Weight of water = 50x106x1000x9.81

=50x9.81x109

Electrical energy available=WxHxηoverall

=50x9.81x109x100x.85x.90 watt sec

3+
IV =50x9.81x109x100x.85x.90 7
4

3600x1000

=10.423x106 kWh

annual average power available =energy /time

Average power=10.423x106 /(365*24)

=1.2MW (approximately)
 fig
4+
V 7
ex
p3
 fig
4+
VI 7
ex
p3

Two-part tariff. When the rate of electrical energy is

charged on the basis of maximum demand of the consumer
and the units consumed, it is called a two-part tariff.

Three-part tariff. When the total charge to be made from the 3+

VII 7
consumer is split into three parts viz., fixed charge, 4
semi-fixed charge and running charge, it is known as a
three-part tariff

Time of Day (or TOD) tariff is a tariff structure in which

different rates are applicable for use of electricity at
different time of the day. It means that cost of using 1 unit
3+
VIII of electricity will be different in mornings, noon, evenings 7
4
and nights. This means that using appliances during certain
time of the day will be cheaper than using them during
other times.
IX Copper list 7
 Aluminium 3+
Steel cored aluminium ex
Galvanised steel p4
Cadmium copper

In order that voltage drops are equal in all conductors, we

generally interchange the positions of the conductors at
regular intervals along the line so that each conductor
occupies the original position of every other conductor over
an equal distance. Such an exchange of positions is known
as transposition. The phase conductors are designated as A,
B and C and the positions occupied are numbered 1, 2 and
3. The effect of transposition is that each conductor has the
same average inductance. fig
2+
X 7
ex
p5

interconnected system : When the feederenergisebytwo or

more than two generating stations or s ubsbtatons, it is
called inter-connected system. Fig shows the single line
diagram of interconnected system where the closed feeder
ring ABCD is supplied by two substations S1 and S2 at
points D and C respectively

fig
3+
XI 7
ex
p4
 (i) Low-tension (L.T.) cables — upto 1000 V

(ii) High-tension (H.T.) cables — upto 11,000 V

list
(iii) Super-tension (S.T.) cables — from 22 kV to
3+
XII 33 kV 7
ex
(iv) Extra high-tension (E.H.T.) cables — from 33 p4
kV to 66 kV

(v) Extra super voltage cables — beyond 132 kV

anyone method

Direct laying. This method of laying underground cables is

simple and cheap and is much favoured in modern practice.
In this method, a trench of about 1·5 metres deep and 45
cm wide is dug. The trench is covered with a layer of fine
sand (of about 10 cm thickness) and the cable is laid over
this sand bed. The sand prevents the entry of moisture from
the ground and thus protects the cable from decay. After the
cable has been laid in the trench, it is covered with another
layer of sand of about 10 cm thickness.The trench is then
covered with bricks and other materials in order to protect
the cable from mechanical injury. When more than one
XIII cable is to be laid in the same trench, a horizontal or 7
vertical interaxial spacing of atleast 30 cm is provided in
order to reduce the effect of mutual heating and also to
ensure that a fault occurring on one cable does not damage
the adjacent cable.

Draw-in system. In this method, conduit or duct of glazed

stone or cast iron or concrete are laid in the ground with
manholes at suitable positions along the cable route. The
cables are then pulled into position from manholes. The
cables to be laid in this way need not be armoured but must
be provided with serving of hessian and jute in order to
protect them when being pulled into the ducts.

list
According to constructional features.(i) Indoor sub-station
3+
XIV (ii) Outdoor sub-station (iii) Underground sub-station (iv) 7
ex
Pole-mounted sub-station
p4