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Lecture 3

Uploaded by

tovi challenger
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Engineering Skills

NRE106
UG1
Lecture 3
RUBAR DIZAYEE
Examples!
1) Volume of rectangle
height x width x length
= 8 x 6 x 10
= 480 mm³

2) Surface area of rectangle


Add all the areas of all the faces together
2x(10x8) + 2x(8x6) + 2x(6x10)
= 376 mm²
Examples!
Approximately how much sand is needed to fill a sandbox that is 4 meter in
length, 3 meter in width and 1 meter in height?
- V= lwh
V= 4(3)(1) V= 12 m³ of sand

• Approximately how much material would you need to recover a suitcase


that is 40 cm in length, 15 cm in width, and 30 cm in height?
- SA= 2lw+ 2lh+2wh
SA= 2(40)(15)+2(40)(30)+2(15)(30)
SA= 4500 cm²
Examples!

What is the volume of the object on the right?

Volume of Cylinder=Area of the circle x the length


= π x 5² x 7
= 549.7787144….
= 550 mm³
Examples!
What is the surface area of the object on the
right?

Add the areas of the two circles and the


curved surface together.
2πr2 + 2πrh
= (2 x π x 5²) + (2 x π x 5x 7)
= 376.8
= 377 mm²
Lateral Surface Area of a Cylinder
• The area of the curved surface of a cylinder is
what is termed as the lateral surface area. In
simple words, a cylinder’s lateral surface area
is the surface area of a cylinder, excluding the
area of the base and bottom (circular surface).
• The formula gives the lateral surface area of a
cylinder;
- LSA = 2πrh
Examples!
• Find the later surface area of a cylinder whose diameter is 56 cm and
height is 20 cm.
Solution
Given:
• Diameter = 56 cm, radius, r =56/2 = 28 cm
• Height, h = 20 cm
By, the formula,
LSA = 2πrh
= 2 x 3.14 x 28cm x 20cm
= 3516.8 cm2
Examples!
What is the volume of the object on
the right?

• We need to split the object up into


smaller simpler objects. In this case
a cuboid (rectangular prism) and a
cylinder. Then, add the volumes of
the smaller objects together.
• (L*W*H)+(πr2 *L)

=6 x 10 x 8 + 7 x π x 5²
= 1029.778714
= 1030 mm³
Examples!
• You are requested to build steps. what is the volume inside the
steps
Examples!
Solution
• We can divide the end of the steps into 2 rectangles. The width
of each step is 0.2 m

V=LWH (rectangle1+rectangle2)
=(0.5mx0.2mx0.3m)+(0.5m*0.2m*0.15m)
=0.045 m³
Examples!
Volume of a box is 10000 cm³ The base of the box is 25 cm by 10 cm.
What is the height of the box?
Examples!
You have been asked to design component as
shown in the figure. It is composed of a
cylinder and rectangular prism.
The acceleration of gravity on the moon is 1/6
of the acceleration of gravity on the earth.

A. What is the volume of composite object?

B. What is the surface area of the composite


object?
Examples!
Solution
First write down the given information
Make a problem statement
Break problem into smaller problems
Understand the diagram or draw one!
Examples!
A. What is the volume of composite object? 6mm
- You have a cylinder and a cuboid or
rectangular prism.
- d=6mm so r=6/2=3mm 8mm
V= (L*W*H)+(πr2 *L)
= (4X7X10)+(3.1416x3²x8)
=506.19 mm³=5.06 x10˄¯7m³
7mm

4mm
10mm
Examples!
• What is the surface area of the composite object?
- Break it into smaller simpler shapes
(Cuboid and Cylinder)

• Surface area of Cuboid= 2lw+2lh+2hw


= (2x(7x4))+ (2x(7x10))+(10x4)+((10x4)-(πr²))
= 247.7256 mm²
Examples!
• surface area of a cylinder = 2πr2 + 2πrh
= πx(3)²+ 2 π x3x8
= 179.0704 mm²

The surface area of the composite object=


426.79604 mm²
= 427 mm²
= 4.27 x 10¯⁴ m²
Examples!
A driveway entrance is build entirely from concrete.
What is the volume of concrete needed?

The total volume is the sum of the triangular prism and


the cuboid minus the volume of the semi cylinder.

• Volume of triangular prism= Area of the base or area


of triangle X height of the prism
= ½ bh X H Tan60= opposite side/ adjacent side
=1/2 X 3.25X 1.88X 0.75= 2.291 m³ Tan60= 3.25/ height
VX 2= 4.58 m³ h= 1.88m
Examples!

• Volume of the cuboid


=L x Wx H
= 6.5 x 0.75 x 3.5 = 17.0625 m³

• Volume of semi cylinder = π r² h


= 0.5 x π x 3² x 0.75
= 10.602875…m³

• Total volume of concrete needed


= 4.58 + 17.0625 - 10.6029
= 11.03
= 11.0 m³
Examples!

• The entrance needs to be painted.


Find the surface area
Key Points When solving Geometric Problems
• For finding the volumes of composite objects we add (and sometimes
subtract) the volumes of all of the simple ‘parts’.
• For finding the surface area we have to determine what are all the
faces of the composite object. We then add all of the face areas
together.
• Some of the faces may be hidden in the picture.
• Layout all of your working.
• Remember units and rounding!
Key Points When solving Geometric Problems
• 3D thinking!
• Make an estimate if possible
• List all of the given information
• Make a problem statement
• Break the problem down into smaller problems
• Draw diagrams to help you understand and solve the problem!
• Do not round intermediate answers
• Include units on answers and intermediate steps
• Use scientific notation (1.52 x 10-4) for really small/big numbers
Pyramids
• The surface area of a pyramid is obtained by
adding the areas of its faces.
• A pyramid is a three-dimensional shape whose
base is a polygon and whose side faces (that are
triangles) all meet at a point which is called the
apex (or) vertex.
• The perpendicular distance from the apex to the
center of the base is called the altitude or height
of the pyramid.
• The length of the perpendicular drawn from the
apex to the base of a triangle (side face) is called
the "slant height"
Pyramids
• The surface area of a pyramid is a measure of the total area that is
occupied by the surface. In other words, it's the sum of areas of its faces
and hence it is measured in square units such as m2, cm2, in2, ft2, etc.
• A pyramid has two types of surface areas, one is lateral surface area (LSA)
and the other is the total surface area (TSA).
• The lateral surface area (LSA) of a pyramid = The sum of areas of the side
faces (triangles) of the pyramid.
• The total surface area (TSA) of a pyramid = LSA of pyramid + Base area.
• In general, the surface area of a pyramid without any specifications means
the total surface area of the pyramid.

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