Rhedz-wei Hadjula, RPh Classifications of Matter Recall: Definition of Matter
• Chemists distinguished matter based on composition and
properties. • Classifications of matter include substances, mixtures, elements, and compounds. Classifications of Matter Pure Substance vs Mixture • A pure substance is a form of matter which has definite (constant) composition and distinct properties. • Examples are water, ammonia, table sugar, gold, and oxygen.
• A mixture is a combination of two or more substances in which the
substances retain their distinct identities. • Examples are air, cement, Classifications of Matter TRY TO CLASSIFY • Carbon Dioxide • Milk • Glass • Platinum • Tin can • Fog Types of Mixtures • Homogenous mixture • Composition of the mixture is the same throughout • Example: Saline Solution
• Heterogenous mixture • Components remain separated • Example: Sand and Iron Fillings Mixtures • Any mixtures, whether homogenous or heterogenous, can be created and then separated into physical means into pure components without changing the identities of the components. TRY TO THINK • How about saline solution? How do you get the individual components back? Classifications of Matter Types of Pure Substances • Elements • substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by chemical means. • Recall: How many elements are there to date? • Chemists use symbols– one or two letters to represent elements. • First letter is always capitalized but any following letters are not Try to Name the Element • H • Li • Ni • Au • Sn • Be • Co Try to give the Symbol • Carbon • Nitrogen • Sulfur • Tungsten • Silver • Mercury • Copper Types of Pure Substances • Compounds • Formed when atoms of one element interacts with another • Such interaction yields to a substance which has properties distinctly different from those of the starting material • Compounds are united in fixed proportions • Unlike mixtures, compounds can only be separated by chemical means into their pure components TRY TO THINK • How do you separate water into its components? • To separate water into its components– hydrogen and oxygen– it should undergo electrolysis. PROPERTIES OF MATTER • Substances are identified by their properties as well as by their composition. • Properties are technically observable variables concerning a matter. • They can either be a • Physical Property; or • Chemical Property Physical Properties • Can be measured and observed without changing the composition or identity of a substance. • Examples: Mass, Color, Melting point Chemical Properties • Properties that require chemical change for them to be observable. • Characteristics that describe the ability of a substance to change into a different substance • Examples: Flammability, Oxidation resistance Try to Classify: Physical or Chemical Prop. • Luster • pH • Ductility • Corrosiveness • Acidity • Malleability Properties can further be divided into: ❖ Extensive/Extrinsic ▪ Depends on the size or amount of materials in the system ▪ Volume, mass, weight
❖ Intensive/Intrinsic ▪ Does not depend on how much matter is being considered ▪ Boiling, melting & freezing points (physical constants); density How about CONCENTRATION? • Concentration is an intensive property. • It does not depend on the size, amount, or kind of material in the system. Changes in Matter • Matter is capable of undergoing changes classified into either: • Physical Change • Does not produce a new substance • Composition is the same • Example: Freezing of water
• Chemical Change • Results in the production of new substance and cannot be reversed • Requires breaking and forming of chemical bonds during reaction • Forms a new molecule that cannot be easily reverted back to their original state. Try to Classify: Physical or Chemical Change • Dissolution of salt in water • Rotting of food • Burning of wood • Smoothening a wood using a sandpaper Indicators of Chemical Change • Change in temperature • Burning of wood • Change in color • Oxidation of iron nail • Development of odor • Rotting of food • Formation of precipitate • A yellow precipitate of lead iodide is formed at once, when potassium iodide solution is added to a solution of lead nitrate • Formation of gas • Recall: Acetic acid plus Baking Soda Formation of Precipitate Formation of Gas QUIZ • 1. Combination of two or more substances in which the substances retain their distinct identities QUIZ • 2-4. Give 3 indicators of chemical change QUIZ • 5. Form of matter which has definite (constant) composition and distinct properties. QUIZ • Classify if pure substance or mixture: • 6. Bronze • 7. Milk • 8. Paint • 9. Silver QUIZ • Classify if Physical or Chemical Property • 10. Density • 11. Weight • 12. Luster • 13. Flammability QUIZ • 14. A property that does not depend on how much matter is being considered is considered as? QUIZ • 15. Formation of Dry Ice follows a phase transition termed as? QUIZ • 16. Physical constants are said to be • A. Intrinsic • B. Extrinsic • C. Intensive • D. Extensive • E. Both A and C • F. Both B and D Answers for Quiz • 1. Mixture • 2-4 Change in temperature • Change in color • Development of odor • Formation of precipitate • Formation of gas • 5. pure substance • 6. m • 7. m • 8. m • 9. p • 10. p • 11. p
