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7 - Computer Networks and DC

Understanding the computers Chapter 7

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13 views29 pages

7 - Computer Networks and DC

Understanding the computers Chapter 7

Uploaded by

kinzazahir12
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computer Networks

and
Data Communication
Chapter 7
Computer Network

Set of technologies that connects computers

A collection of computers and other hardware


devices that are connected together to share
hardware, software, and data, as well as to
communicate electronically with one another

Allows communication and collaboration between


users
The Uses of a Network
Applications of Computer Network

THE INTERNET TELEPHONE TELEVISION AND MONITORING MULTIMEDIA TELECONFEREN TELEMEDICINE


SERVICE RADIO SYSTEMS NETWORKS CING (AUDIO,
BROADCASTING VIDEO , DATA)
Characteristics of a
computer Network

 Wired network: computers and


other devices are connected to
the network via physical cables.

 Wireless network: computers and


other devices are connected to
the network without physical
cables; data is typically sent via
radio waves.
Network Topologies

 Logical layout of wires and equipment


 Choice affects
 Network performance
 Network size
 Network collision detection
 Several different types
Network Topologies

 Packets
 Pieces of data transmitted over a network
 Packets are created by sending node
 Data is reassembled by receiving node
 Packet header
 Sending and receiving address
 Packet payload
 Number and size of data
 Actual data
Network Topologies
 Bus topology
 Also called linear bus
 One wire connects all nodes
 Terminator ends the wires
 Advantages
 Easyto setup
 Small amount of wire
 Disadvantages
 Slow
 Easy to crash
Network Topologies
 Star topology
 All nodes connect to a hub
 Packets sent to hub
 Hub sends packet to destination
 Advantages
 Easy to setup
 One cable can not crash
network
 Disadvantages
 One hub crashing downs entire
network
 Uses lots of cable
 Most common topology
Network Topologies
 Ring topology
 Nodes connected in a circle
 Tokens used to transmit data
 Nodes must wait for token to send
 Advantages
 Time to send data is known
 No data collisions
 Disadvantages
 Slow
 Lots of cable
Network Topologies
 Mesh topology
 All computers connected together
 Internet is a mesh network
 Advantage
 Data will always be delivered
 Disadvantages
 Lots of cable
 Hard to setup
Network Architecture

 Client/Server network
 Nodes and servers share data roles
 Nodes are called clients
 Servers are used to control access
 Database software
 Access to data controlled by server
 Server is the most important computer
Network
Architecture
 Client Server Network
Network Architecture

 Peer to peer networks (P2PN)


 All nodes are equal
 Nodes access resources on other nodes
 Each node controls its own resources
 Most modern OS allow P2PN
 Distributed computing is a form
Network
Architecture
 Peer to peer networks (P2PN)
Network Types in terms of
Size and Coverage Area

 Local Area Network (LAN)


 Contains printers, servers and computers
 Systems are close to each other
 Contained in one office or building
 Organizations often have several LANS
Network Types in
terms of Size and
Coverage Area

 Wide Area Networks (WAN)


 Two or more LANs connected
 Over a large geographic area
 Typically use public or leased
lines
 Phone lines
 Satellite

 The Internet is a WAN


Network Types in
terms of Size and
Coverage Area

 Campus Area Networks (CAN)


A LAN in one large geographic
area
 Resources related to the same
organization
 Each department shares the LAN
Network Types in terms of
Size and Coverage Area

 Metropolitan Area Network


 Large network that connects
different organizations
 Shares regional resources
 A network provider sells services
Network Types in
terms of Size and
Coverage Area

 Home Area Network (HAN)


 Small scale network
 Connects computers and
entertainment appliances
 Found mainly in the home
Network Types in
terms of Size and
Coverage Area

 Personal Area Network (PAN)


 Very small scale network
 Range is less than 2 meters
 Cell
phones, PDAs, MP3
players
Network Media

 Links that connect nodes


 Choice impacts
 Speed
 Security
 Size
Wire Based Media
 Twisted-pair cabling
 Most common LAN cable
 Called Cat5 or 100BaseT
 Four pairs of copper cable twisted
 May be shielded from interference
 Speeds range from
1 Mbps to 1,000 Mbps
Wire Based Media

 Coaxial cable
 Similar to cable TV wire
 One wire runs through cable
 Shielded from interference
 Speeds up to 10 Mbps
Wire Based Media
 Fiber-optic cable
 Data is transmitted with light pulses
 Glass strand instead of cable
 Immune to interference and Very secure
 Hard to work with
 Speeds up to 100 Gbps
Wireless Media
 Data transmitted through the air
 LANs use radio waves
 WANs use microwave signals
 Easy to setup
 Difficult to secure
Network Protocols

 Language of the network


 Rules of communication
 Error resolution
 Defines collision and collision recovery
 Size of packet
 Naming rules for computers
Network Protocols
 TCP/IP
 Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
 Most popular protocol
 Machines assigned a name of 4 numbers
 IP address
 209.8.166.179 is the White House’s web site
 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
 Simplifies assignment of IP addresses
 Required for Internet access
Layered Model
 OSI Model and TCP/IP protocol stack

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