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Review Notes For Midterm Exam

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13 views1 page

Review Notes For Midterm Exam

Uploaded by

kimryanigot
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Review Notes for Midterm Exam

• Qualitative data generally can include Text, pictures, videos, sound recordings
• The lowest level of measurement which is merely grouping or classifying different objects into
categories is called nominal.
• Interval is a level of measurement wherein zero is just another point in the scale.
• The highest level of measure which has a true zero point is called ratio.
• Population refers to the entire members of a particular people.
• The purpose of data presentation is to communicate findings effectively.
• Interval scale allows for meaningful comparisons.
• In the context of data management, the "data interpretation" involve analyzing and making
sense of data.
• The main goal of inferential statistics is to make predictions about a population.
• Hypothesis testing is a supposition or proposed explanation made on the basis of limited
evidence as a starting point for further investigation.
• It is an educated guess about something in the world around you. It should be testable, either
by experiment or observation is called hypothesis.
• The following gives you a good hypothesis statement, except
A. Include an “if” and “then” statement.
B. Include both the independent and continuing variables.
C. Be testable by experiment, survey or other scientifically sound technique.
D. Be based on information in prior research (either yours or someone else’s.
• Statistical hypotheses are useful to make assumptions or guesses about the population
involved. Such assumptions, which may or may not be true.
• A hypothesis of “no effect” and is usually formulated for the express purpose of being rejected
is called null hypothesis.
• The operational statement of the experimenter’s research hypothesis is called alternative
hypothesis.
• The maximum probability with which the researcher could be willing to risk in a study is called
level of significance.
• A level of significance (alpha level. is customary. In a study without a specific alpha level, it is
assumed to used 5% or 0.05 alpha level.
• A region of the null sampling distribution is called region of acceptance.
• The class interval is determined by dividing the range by a constant k, that is i = R/k, wherein k
is 1 + 3.322logn.
• Sample size refers to the representative of the population. Example, if the population is the
students enrolled in civil engineering course, the sample size is the section 4 or section 5
students of the course.
• Mean refers of the average of the given scores. To solve for the mean, add all the scores
divided by the number of scores. Example, the following data is the scores of 5 students for
Mathematics exam. 36, 30, 31, 33, 29. What is the mean?
Solution: 36 + 30 + 31 + 33 + 29 = 159 / 5 = 31.8
• Mode refers to the repeating values in the data set. If there is only one mode, it is called
unimodal. If there are two modes, it is called bimodal. If there are three or more modes, it is
called multimodals. In a data set, it is also possible to have no mode. Example: What is the
mode of the given data: 36, 30, 31, 33, 29, 33, 29, 33, 28, 27, 33?
Solution: The repeating value is 33 and 29, so the modes are 33 and 29.
• Range refers to the difference between the highest and the lowest value of a data set.
Example: Find the range of the given data set: 36, 30, 31, 33, 29.
Solution: The highest value is 36 while the lowest value is 29. 36 – 29 = 7. So, the range is 7.
• Once data have been organized and presented in tables and graphs, it must be described in
single value. This value, which gives a summary of characteristics of a given set is called
Measures of Central Tendency.
• The most commonly used measure of central tendency is the Mean. It also refers to one
number that is representative of the data.

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