BCE4113 Engineering Project

Management and Planning

Course Name Engineering Project Management and Planning

Course Code BCE4113
Lecture Three – Project Life Cycles
Instructor (s) Dr. Theodora Twongyirwe Mondo
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 Instructor Information
Dr.Theodora Twongyirwe Mondo
BCE4113 Engineering Project
Management and Planning

Senior Lecturer
Email: [email protected]
Office No.: TF 002

Office hours
Tuesdays 8:00 a.m. – 12:00 p.m.
Thursday after the Class
or by appointment on Email

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 House Rules For On-Campus Lectures
 Respect Time. Don’t be Late
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 Switch Off Our Phones

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 Communication
Please Use Official University Email
Account
 Be respectful to your Colleagues
 No Late Assignments EXCEPT WITH VALID
REASONS
 I DON’T KNOW IT ALL….We are Both Here
to Teach Each Other and Learn from Each Other.
 Please Participate and Communicate

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 Announcements – LECTURE NOTES
1) Lecture Notes
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I have Posted Lectures Notes on Both on the

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Learning Management System

2) Please utilize your Self Guided Study In order to

help you get the most out of the class (I really do
care that you understand the concepts) and In
addition they shall help you with Examination Skills

3) Early Course Evaluation and Feedback shall

be Due This Next Week

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BCE4113 Engineering Project
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The journey so far...

 Recap of the Last Lecture – Lecture 2
By the Time we ended the Lecture, Students
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should have been able to;

 Attributes of Project
 Why are Projects Problematic?
 Engineering Project Life Cycle
 Classification of Projects
 Evolution of Project Management
 Project Goals
 What is Quality
 Organisations and Players in the Project Management
 Where do Projects come from
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 Recap of the Last Lecture – Lecture 2
Outline the Factors why Projects can be
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
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Problematic
 What is Strategic Planning
 Name and Define the Chief Roles various
people can assume in respect to proposals and
projects
 Explain the Purpose of a Mission Statement
 Define and Carry out a Simple SWOT Analysis
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BCE4113 Engineering Project
Recap of the Last Lecture – Lecture 2
 Explain how to Carry out a Pareto Analysis
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of a Problem
 Generate a Simple Matrix Diagrams to
relate Objectives to Strategies
 Describe the elements of a Feasibility Study
 Sketch a Rich Picture to represent a
Scenario of your Choice

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BCE4113 Engineering Project
Today Lecture & Talking Points
By the End of the Lecture Students Should be
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able to understand the Following Concepts;

▪ Process Overview

▪ Project Life Cycles

▪ Pros and Cos of Lifecycles

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Trending Topics in the media (Print
and Electronics) in Engineering Project
Management
Session five Minutes

In life you are given five minutes to talk about

the topic and make impact.

Talk about any article you read in the Past

week in relation to Engineering Projects 30
seconds
Engineering Project Management and
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 BCE4113 - Engineering Project
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BCE4113 Engineering Project
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Process Overview

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 Process Overview
 A project is broken down into stages
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 Each stage in turn will be broken down into smaller and

more manageable tasks

 It important to include planning as part of the project

management process

 Lockyer (1996) describes a four phase model of the

project process
◦ Conception - assess the feasibility of the project
◦ Development - prepare the project plan
◦ Realisation - carry out the plan
◦ Termination - close the project BCE4113 - Engineering Project
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The Systems Method
 A series of steps or stages through which a project
progresses toward completion.

 Each stage can and should be governed by a set of

guidelines – which we termed processes whose
level of rigor and detail should be adapted to the
needs of each particular project.

 A discipline called systems engineering, which is

in many ways closely related to engineering project
management, has developed what we might call the
system method
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The Systems Method - 2
 Engineering projects are quite different from other
projects as they are always associated with risk and
in addition since they are inventing something new
and technological, have more risks, more profound
risks, and risks that tend to be centered in
engineering matters.

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BCE4113 Engineering Project
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Project Life Cycles

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 Project Life Cycles
 It has been found useful to group the steps
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typically undertaken to start, perform, and

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complete a project into a standardized set of

categories or stages.

 these categories or stages taken together, form a

conceptual life‐cycle for a project.

 It is a model of the ideal process to progress the

project from the beginning to the end

 Choice of a life cycle depends on the environment

and effect on the quality11/30/2023
of theBCE4113
end- Engineering
product
Management
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 Project Life Cycles – Cont’d
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 There are Four Life Cycles

- Neil's Model
- Waterfall Model
- Prototyping
- Incremental Model
- Evolutionary

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 Project Life Cycles – Cont’d
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 The basic stages of the life cycle are

divided into
 Requirements Analysis and Definition
 Planning
 Risk Analysis
 Implementing
 Acceptance – testing, install, provide user support
(documentation and training)
 Evaluation – did we do a good job

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BCE4113 Engineering Project
Project Life Cycles – Cont’d
Planning Involves
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
◦ Identifying the Tasks
◦ Sequencing the Tasks
◦ Identifying the Critical activities’
◦ Estimate Time and Cost
◦ Determine the staffing
◦ Value the Planning

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 Project Life Cycles – Cont’d
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 Organising involves
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Organising the Team

Assigning the Work
Establish control tools
Executing Involves
Issue Change Orders
Review Project Status
Report on Project
Review schedule and Budget
Value Engineering

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 Project Life Cycles – Cont’d
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 Closing and valuation Involves

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 Obtaining Client Acceptance

 Complete Documentation

 Sign off

 Conduct Implementation

 Maintenance

 Value Assessment

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 Project Life Cycles – Cont’d
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 Real life is more chaotic than the model

 No single life cycle fits all projects
 Choose the life cycle which fits the
environment and improves the quality of
the End Product

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 Choice of Project Life Cycles
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It is a model of the ideal process to

progress the project from the
beginning to the end

Choice of a life cycle depends on the

Classification of the project, the
environment and effect on the quality
of the end product

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Motivations for using the systems method:
 Managing emergent behavior: obtaining that
emergent behavior that we want, while preventing
other, unplanned emergent behavior
 Identifying and characterizing all of the parts that
we will need

 Helps us to achieve balance among all of the parts

 Helps us to plan transitions, especially from the

existing system to our new system and its
improved capabilities
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Motivations for using the systems method:
 Helps us to identify all of the social factors that we
must overcome in order to be allowed to
implement our new system, and helps us create the
data that will be used to justify the transition

 Helps us optimize at the systems level, rather than

just optimizing each component

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Key characteristics of the systems method:
 Work through hierarchies, using a technique that we
call decomposition

 Transparent, credible connection of technical

decisions to operational performance predictions
and parameters

 A life-cycle model, usually separating development,

operational, sustainment, and disposal, and within
development, separating requirements, design,
implementation, integration, validation – usually
iterated at multiple levels of the hierarchy
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Key characteristics of the systems method - 2
 Iterative progress through a set of life-cycle stages
 Use of systems-level performance prediction, in
order to achieve the desired optimization at the
systems level
 Use of written processes to guide the work
 To capture other people’s mistakes and lessons
learned
 To operate at scale, and to do so consistently
 Use of reviews and decision gates
 Standardized engineering views, to help us
communicate

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Neils Project Life Cycle - Model

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Neils Project Life Cycle – Model - 2
In each stage of the project life‐cycle, we
perform a mixture of activities:
 Technical
 Project management
 Agreements
 Planning and
 Monitoring

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Neil’s – U Diagram

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 Waterfall Model
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Characteristics
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- Product is not delivered until the end

- Development is split into stages

- Each stage must be correct and

complete before starting the next stage

- Each stage transforms output from the

proceeding stage

- Change and Error correction can involve

rework to previous stages.

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 Waterfall Model – Cont’d
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 Slow iterative approach requiring

managerial approval

 Testing Concentrated on the

testing stage

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Waterfall Model – Cont’d

Reqt’s Definition
System Specification

Archi and Detailed

Design
Design Document

Code,debug,
And Unit Test Programs
Intergration
And Systems Tests Accepted System

Operation and
Maintenance

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BCE4113 Engineering Project
Waterfall Model – Cont’d
Disadvantages
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 Slow iterative approach requiring managerial

approval

 Testing concentrated on the testing stage

 A clear definition of requirements is necessary

at the start of the project (Hard to achieve)

 Customers involved in analysis and testing

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 Waterfall Model – Cont’d
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Advantages

 Gives the project manager a clear

framework to work to

 Useful for small projects similar to

past projects

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 Waterfall Model – Cont’d
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Disadvantages – Cont’d
 Phases overlap causing rework

 Customers cannot state all

requirements explicitly at the
appropriate stage

 Customers must have patience

end product not delivered until all
work is complete
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 Waterfall Model – Cont’d
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Disadvantages – Cont’d
 Phases overlap causing rework

 Customers cannot state all

requirements explicitly at the
appropriate stage

 Customers must have patience

end product not delivered until all
work is complete
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 Prototyping Model
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 The objective is to understand the

customer requirements and hence
develop a better understanding or
requirements definition for the
system

 Throw away version is developed

initially

 Remaining stages follow the

waterfall model
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 Prototyping Model – Cont’d
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Advantages
 Raises customer expectations that the
system is nearly complete

 Customers are involved from the

beginning

 Increases the chances of acceptance

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 Prototyping Model – Cont’d
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Disadvantages
 Danger of building on a poor quality
mock-up

 Extends Development time as

requirements definition can take longer

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 Incremental Approach
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 The objective of the process is to work with

the customer to explore their requirements
and hence develop and deliver the final system

 The development starts with the parts of the

system which the system evolves by adding new
features as they are proposed by the customer

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 Incremental Approach
 Delivers part of a working system to give the
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customer experience with part of the working

product

 Subsequent phases build on the basic facilities

taking account of the customer’s experience

 Each phase requires less resources than the

whole and minimizes disruption to the
customer

 Final Product takes longer andBCE4113

costs more
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 Evolutionary Model – Boehm's
Spiral Model
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 Ties the development process more closely

to the real world

 Requirements and business processes change

with time and we should plan for the IT
Systems to evolve in the same way

 Build a core system which can be extended

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Boehm's Spiral Model

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 Evolutionary Model – Boehm's Spiral
Model – Cont’d
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 Iterative software development

approach

 Helpful when the requirements are

uncertain

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 Evolutionary Model – Boehms Spiral Model
– Cont’d
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Advantages
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 An increasingly complete system is delivered

with each iteration

 Risks are assessed with each iteration to decide

whether to proceed or how to evolve

 Requires significant project management and

risk management experience to be successful

 Contracts with the customer are difficult to

negotiate because the11/30/2023
final product
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uncertain
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 Evolutionary Models
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 Used with Rapid Application Development (RAD)

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 Frequent delivery of part products

 Development centered around an evolving product

 Development can be stopped at completion of any

interim product

 Change is inherent, reversible or development can

recommence after a delay

 Testing is integrated throughout

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 Evolutionary Model -Cont’d
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A Collaborative and cooperative approach

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
between stakeholders throughout

 Empowered teams

 Requirements for each interim product are

frozen

 Requires a project oriented culture

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 Individual Presentations - Rules
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 Golden Rule – You Have 5 (Five) Minutes to

Impress your Colleagues

 Everyone Must Present

 No Negative Energy

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 Class Tutorial
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Make a Brief Presentation of Your Final Year

Engineering Project Concept Note

Highlight the Following Concepts;

Assignment 3 – Choosing a Project
Life Cycle Model
 Individual Assignment
 What is the most appropriate lifecycle Model for the
Following Case Study? Justify your Choice
 Designing and Developing the User interface for a Call
Centre
 Replacing the Financial Accounting System
 Developing a Website for a new advertising agency
 Design and develop and Implement a new Loan
processing system for a Financial Institution

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BCE4113 Engineering Project
Management and Planning Next Lecture 4 – Planning

 Homework 1
 Introduction to Planning
 The Project Managers Objectives
 Assigning Tasks to People
 Phases and Milestones
 Preparing the Project Plan
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