Analogue and Digital Communication Lab

(EL-3003)

LABORATORY MANUAL

Engr. Fakhar Abbas

IMPLEMENTATION OF AMPLITUDE MODULATOR
(LAB # 04)
Student Name: ______________________________________________

Roll No: ________________Section: ____

Date performed: _____________, 2024

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NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF COMPUTER AND EMERGING SCIENCES, ISLAMABAD

Prepared by: Engr. Fakhar Abbas Version: 2.01

Verified by: Dr. Waqas Bin Abbas Updated: Fall 2024
 Analogue and Digital National University Roll No: __________
Communication Lab of Computer and Emerging Sciences
04

Lab #
Islamabad
(EL-3003) Fall 2024
____________________________________________________________________________________

Lab # 02: IMPLEMENTATION OF AMPLITUDE MODULATON AND

DEMODULATION
Learning Objectives:
1. To understand the waveform of Amplitude modulated signal
2. To understand frequency spectrum of Amplitude modulated signal
3. To Analyze modulation percentage
Equipment Required:
1. ETEK Function Generator Board (Power Supply)
2. ETEK DA-2000-02
3. Function Generator Siglent SDG1010
4. Oscilloscope
Amplitude Modulation
In amplitude modulation (AM), we utilize the amplitude of audio signal to modulate the
amplitude of carrier signal, which means that the amplitude of carrier signal will be varied with
amplitude of audio signal.

Let the audio signal be Amcos(2*pi*fm*t) and carrier signal be Accos(2*pi*fc*t), then the
amplitude modulated signal can be expressed as
u(t) = [ ADC + Amcos(2*pi*fm*t) ] Accos(2*pi*fc*t)

u(t) =ADCAC[ 1 + a*cos(2*pi*fm*t) ]cos(2*pi*fc*t)

Figure 2.1: Signal waveform of Amplitude Modulation

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 Analogue and Digital National University Roll No: __________
Communication Lab of Computer and Emerging Sciences
04

Lab #
Islamabad
(EL-3003) Fall 2024
____________________________________________________________________________________

Where
a = Am / ADC
ADC: DC signal magnitude
Am: Audio signal amplitude
Ac: Carrier signal amplitude
fm: Audio signal frequency
fc: Carrier signal frequency
a: Modulation index or depth of modulation.
There is an important parameter “a”. Normally it is represented in percentage so we also call
modulation percentage. The definition is as follows:
a = (Audio signal amplitude / DC signal magnitude) x 100%

a = Am / ADC x 100%

Figure 2.2: Frequency Spectrum of Amplitude Modulated Signal

Generally, the magnitude of DC signal is not easy to measure, therefore we express the
modulation index in another form

Where,
Emax = AC + Am
Emin = AC - Am

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 Analogue and Digital National University Roll No: __________
Communication Lab of Computer and Emerging Sciences
04

Lab #
Islamabad
(EL-3003) Fall 2024
____________________________________________________________________________________

We know that at amplitude modulation, the audio signal is hidden in the double sidebands, so if
the double sideband signals are getting stronger, the transmission efficiency is getting better.
Double sideband signals are proportional to modulation index. Thus, the larger modulation
index, the better the transmission efficiency. Normally the modulation index is smaller or equal
to 1. If greater than 1, we call it over modulation.

In this experiment, we utilize the balanced modulator MC1496 to implement amplitude

modulator. Follow the variation of input signal frequency, the balanced modulator (MC1496)
can become a frequency multiplier, amplitude modulator or double sidebands suppressed carrier
modulator (DSB-SC Modulator).

Figure 6.3 shows the internal circuit of MC1496, where D1, R1, R2, R3, Q6 and Q8 comprise an
electric current source, which can supply DC bias current for Q5 and Q6. They both comprise a
differential combination to drive the dual differential amplifiers constructed by Q1, Q2, Q3 and
Q4. Pin 1 and 4 are thus the inputs of audio signal; pin 8 and 10 are the inputs of carrier signal.
Resistor between pin 2 and 3 controls the gain of the balance’s modulator; the resistor on pin 5
determines the magnitude of bias current for amplifier.

Figure 2.3: Internal circuit diagram of MC1496

Figure below is the circuit diagram of amplitude modulation. We can see the carrier signal and
audio signal belong to single ended point. The carrier signal input form pin 10 and the audio
signal input from pin 1. Therefore, R8 determines the gain of overall circuit and R9 determine
the magnitude of bias current. If we adjust the variable resistor VR1 or change the amplitude of
audio signal, then we can control the percentage modulation of amplitude modulation.

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 Analogue and Digital National University Roll No: __________
Communication Lab of Computer and Emerging Sciences
04

Lab #
Islamabad
(EL-3003) Fall 2024
____________________________________________________________________________________

Figure 2.4: Circuit diagram of Amplitude Modulation

TASK 01:
1. Refer to ETEK DA-2000-02 module, let J1 and J3 short circuit, J2 and J4 open circuit.
2. At audio signal input port (I/P2), input 600 mVpp amplitude, 5 KHz sine wave frequency; at
carrier signal input port (I/P1), input 600 mVpp, 200 KHz sine wave frequency.
3. By using oscilloscope, observe on output signal waveform at amplitude modulation signal
output port (O/P).
4. Adjut VR1, until the modulation index reaches 50%, record the measured results of output
signal waveform in table 1.
5. Observe on output signal waveform and record the measured results in table 1.

Vc = 600 mVpp , fc = 200 KHz , fm = 5 KHz , Vary Vm (600 mVpp and 300 mVpp)
Audio Frequency Spectrum Output Signal Waveform Modulation
Signal Percentage
Amplitude

Emax =
Emin =

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 Analogue and Digital National University Roll No: __________
Communication Lab of Computer and Emerging Sciences
04

Lab #
Islamabad
(EL-3003) Fall 2024
____________________________________________________________________________________

Emax =
Emin =

TASK 02:
Vm = 600 mVpp , fc = 200 KHz , fm = 5 KHz , Vary Vc (300 mVpp, 1200 mVpp)
Carrier Frequency Spectrum Output Signal Waveform Modulation
Signal Percentage
Amplitude

Emax =
Emin =

Emax =

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 Analogue and Digital National University Roll No: __________
Communication Lab of Computer and Emerging Sciences
04

Lab #
Islamabad
(EL-3003) Fall 2024
____________________________________________________________________________________

Emin =

TASK 03:
Vm = 600 mVpp, Vc = 600 mVpp , fc = 200 kHz, Vary fm (5 kHz and 10 kHz)
fm Frequency Spectrum Output Signal Waveform
5 kHz

Emax =
Emin =
10 kHz

Emax =
Emin =

Assessment Rubric
LLO Statement Assessment Exemplary Proficient Developing Beginning Worst
Method (20%) (20%) (20%) (20%) Performance
(20%)
2 Conduct Practical Skill Able to attempt Able to Able to attempt Able to attempt Able to attempt
experiments in Observation complete lab with attempt to 75% of the lab tasks 50% of the lab 25% of the lab
during proper 100% of the tasks tasks
laboratory experimentati setup/explanation lab tasks
related to on & Lab of results without
analog Reports proper
setup/explan
modulation
ation of
schemes and results
analog-to-
digital
converter.
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Page 7 of 18
 Analogue and Digital National University Roll No: __________
Communication Lab of Computer and Emerging Sciences
04

Lab #
Islamabad
(EL-3003) Fall 2024
____________________________________________________________________________________

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