1

1 The diagram shows two parallel rays of light that pass through a thin converging lens. The diagram
is incomplete. There is a principal focus at f1 and at f2.

(a) (i) On the diagram, complete the ray diagram to show how the lens focuses the light.

[3]
(ii) Which distance on the diagram is a focal length of the lens? Tick (✓) one box.

C to f2

f1 to f2

f2 to Y

[1]

(b) (i) A ray of light travels through a semicircular glass block, as shown in the diagram.

State the term given to the angle of incidence labelled z.

................................................................................................................................ [1]
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(ii) The diagram shows another ray of light travelling in the semicircular glass block.

The angle of incidence is greater than z. Continue the path of the ray of light until it
leaves the block.

[2]

[Total: 7]

2 The full-scale diagram shows a small nail N in front of a thin converging lens. The line L represents
the lens.

X Y

1.0 cm
1.0 cm

(full-scale)

The focal length of the lens is 3.0 cm.

(a) On the diagram, mark and label with an F each of the two principal focuses of the lens. [1]

(b) The small nail N, of height 1.2 cm, is positioned 2.0 cm to the left of the lens.

(i) By drawing on the diagram, find the position of the image I of N and add image I to the
diagram. [3]
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(ii) State and explain whether I is a real or a virtual image.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................ [1]

(iii) State the name given to a lens when it is used in this way.

................................................................................................................................ [1]

[Total: 6]

3 (a) The diagram is a full scale diagram showing a converging lens, the two principal focuses F1
and F2 and an object PO.

F1 P F2

On the diagram, draw two rays from point O of the object to determine the position of the
image.

Label the image IJ. Measure the length of the image.

image length = ........................................................... [3]

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(b) From the table below, ring three descriptions of the image.

diminished magnified real same size

same way up as object upside down compared to object virtual

[3]

[Total: 6]

4 An object, OX, is placed in front of a converging lens.

The diagram shows a ray of light from the object passing through the lens.

(a) The lens forms an image of object OX.

(i) On the diagram, draw another ray from X to locate the position of the image. [1]

(ii) On the diagram, draw an arrow to represent the image of OX and label it I.

[1]

(iii) On the diagram, mark a principal focus for the lens and label it F. [1]

(iv) On the diagram, measure and record the focal length of the lens.

focal length = .............................................. cm [1]

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(b) Describe the image I.

Choose words from the list. Tick (✓) two boxes.

enlarged

diminished

same size

inverted

upright
[2]

[Total: 6]

5 The diagram shows the two principal focuses F1 and F2 of a thin converging lens.

The diagram also shows an object O of height 1.2 cm placed close to the lens. Two rays from the
tip of the object O are incident on the lens.

(a) On the diagram, continue the paths of these two rays for a further distance of at least 5 cm.

[2]
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(b) Using your answer to (a), find and mark on the diagram the image I of object O and label this
image. [2]

(c) Determine the height of image I.

height = .............................................. [1]

(d) State and explain whether I is a real image or a virtual image.

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 6]

6 A source emits visible light.

The diagram shows a ray of red light from the source incident on the face XY of a glass prism at
point S.

The angle of incidence i of the ray is 35 °. The refractive index of the glass for red light is 1.5.
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(a) Calculate the angle of refraction in the glass at S.

angle of refraction = .............................................. [2]

(b) On the diagram, draw the refracted ray at face XY and the ray emerging from face XZ of the
prism. Label this ray R. [2]

(c) A ray of blue light follows the same path as the ray of red light incident on the face XY.

On the diagram, draw the path of this ray in the prism and emerging from the prism.

Label this ray B. [2]

[Total: 6]

7 A diver is swimming under water. She uses a torch emitting red light. The diagram shows three
rays of red light coming from the torch.

air

water
20° 40° 60°

diver

torch

The critical angle for red light travelling from water into air is 48°.
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(a) State the meaning of the term critical angle.

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) On the diagram, draw the path of each ray after it reaches the water–air boundary. [3]

[Total: 5]

8 A boy looks at the image of a clock in a plane mirror. The diagram shows the mirror, the clock and
the position of one of the boy’s eyes.

mirror

boy’s eye
clock

(a) On the diagram above, draw a ray of light from the clock, reflected to the boy’s eye.
[2]

(b) On the diagram above, mark with an X the position of the image of the clock.
[1]

(c) State whether the image formed by the mirror is virtual or real.

Explain your answer.

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [1]
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(d) The diagram below shows the image of the clock seen by the boy.

The boy now looks directly at the clock.

On the diagram below, draw what the boy sees.

[1]

[Total: 5]

9 The distance between the centre of a thin converging lens and each principal focus is 5.0 cm.

The lens is used as a magnifying glass to produce an image I of an object O.

The diagram is a full-scale diagram of the lens and the image I.

(a) (i) On the diagram, mark both principal focuses and label each of them F.
[1]

(ii) By drawing on the diagram, find the position of object O and add object O to the diagram.
[3]
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(b) Using the diagram, determine the distance of object O from the centre of the lens.

distance = .............................................. [1]

[Total: 5]