0% found this document useful (0 votes)
19 views47 pages

Subnetting

A guide for Cisco Users in subnetting
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
19 views47 pages

Subnetting

A guide for Cisco Users in subnetting
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 47

IP Addressing and

Subnet Masks
(Subnetting)
Subnet Masks
• Identifies the network/subnet portion of an IP address. •
Subnets are created by borrowing bits from the host
portion.

Partitioning a network into subnets


Equations
��
number of subnets created 2
(��−��)
number of usable hosts/subnet 2 −2

Where:
�� ���� ������������ ����
�������� ����������������
�������� ��ℎ�� ℎ������
�������� �� ���� ������������
���� ℎ������ �������� ������
��ℎ�� ���������� ����
�������������� (A = 24, B = 16, C = 8)
Using the equation:
Breaking down the 192.168.12.0 network into four
subnets We need to borrow 2 bits from the host.
# of subnets created 2��
Therefore: �� = 2
Equations:
�� # of usable hosts/subnet ���� ��������
2
2 ����������������
2 =4 2(��−��)
− 2 �� ���� #
�������� ��ℎ�� ℎ������ ��������

Usable Hosts per Subnet: ���������� ����


��������������
�� ���� # ���� ℎ������
�������� ������ ��ℎ��
(��−��) 28−2 − 2 = 62
2 −2
Next Step
• Determine the subnet mask required for creating the four subnets.

Recall:
NETWORK HOST
CLASS C 00000000 00000000 00000000 0 0 000000 OCTET 1 OCTET 2 OCTET 3

OCTET 4

Most significant bits


(MSB)

Identifying Subnet Masks


• Subnet mask consist of 1 or 0.
• If bit position is set to 1, it indicates the
network. • If bit position is set to 0, it indicates
the host.
Host Bits = 8
• Example: (No subnet yet) NETWORK HOST

CLASS C
OCTET 1 OCTET 2 OCTET 3 OCTET 4

Network Bits = 24
Identifying Subnet Masks
• Subnet mask consist of 1 or 0.
• If bit position is set to 1, it indicates the
network. • If bit position is set to 0, it indicates
the host.
NETWORK HOST
• Example: (No subnet yet)

CLASS C 11111111

OCTET 1 OCTET 2 OCTET 3 OCTET 4

Network Bits = 24
Host Bits = 8

Identifying Subnet Masks


• Subnet mask consist of 1 or 0.
• If bit position is set to 1, it indicates the
network. • If bit position is set to 0, it indicates
the host.
NETWORK HOST
• Example: (No subnet yet)

CLASS C 11111111

OCTET 1 OCTET 2 OCTET 3 OCTET 4

Network Bits = 24

Host Bits = 8255


Identifying Subnet Masks
• Subnet mask consist of 1 or 0.
• If bit position is set to 1, it indicates the
network. • If bit position is set to 0, it indicates
the host.
NETWORK HOST
• Example: (No subnet yet)

CLASS C 11111111
OCTET 1 OCTET 2 OCTET 3 OCTET 4

Network Bits = 24

Host Bits = 8255


Identifying Subnet Masks
• Subnet mask consist of 1 or 0.
• If bit position is set to 1, it indicates the
network. • If bit position is set to 0, it indicates
the host.
NETWORK HOST
• Example: (No subnet yet)
CLASS C 11111111 11111111
OCTET 1 OCTET 2 OCTET 3 OCTET 4

Network Bits = 24

Host Bits = 8255


Identifying Subnet Masks
• Subnet mask consist of 1 or 0.
• If bit position is set to 1, it indicates the
network. • If bit position is set to 0, it indicates
the host.
NETWORK HOST
• Example: (No subnet yet)
CLASS C 11111111 11111111
OCTET 1 OCTET 2 OCTET 3 OCTET 4

Network Bits = 24

Host Bits = 8255 255


Identifying Subnet Masks
• Subnet mask consist of 1 or 0.
• If bit position is set to 1, it indicates the
network. • If bit position is set to 0, it indicates
the host.
NETWORK HOST
• Example: (No subnet yet)
CLASS C 11111111 11111111
OCTET 1 OCTET 2 OCTET 3 OCTET 4

Network Bits = 24

Host Bits = 8255 255


Identifying Subnet Masks
• Subnet mask consist of 1 or 0.
• If bit position is set to 1, it indicates the
network. • If bit position is set to 0, it indicates
the host.
NETWORK HOST
• Example: (No subnet yet)
CLASS C 11111111 11111111 11111111 OCTET 1 OCTET 2 OCTET 3 OCTET 4

Network Bits = 24

Host Bits = 8255 255


Identifying Subnet Masks
• Subnet mask consist of 1 or 0.
• If bit position is set to 1, it indicates the
network. • If bit position is set to 0, it indicates
the host.
NETWORK HOST
• Example: (No subnet yet)
CLASS C 11111111 11111111 11111111 OCTET 1 OCTET 2 OCTET 3 OCTET 4

Network Bits = 24

Host Bits = 8255 255 255


Identifying Subnet Masks
• Subnet mask consist of 1 or 0.
• If bit position is set to 1, it indicates the
network. • If bit position is set to 0, it indicates
the host.
NETWORK HOST
• Example: (No subnet yet)
CLASS C 11111111 11111111 11111111 OCTET 1 OCTET 2 OCTET 3 OCTET 4

Network Bits = 24

Host Bits = 8255 255 255


Identifying Subnet Masks
• Subnet mask consist of 1 or 0.
• If bit position is set to 1, it indicates the
network. • If bit position is set to 0, it indicates
the host.
NETWORK HOST
• Example: (No subnet yet)
CLASS C 11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000 OCTET 1 OCTET 2 OCTET 3 OCTET 4

Network Bits = 24

Host Bits = 8255 255 255


Identifying Subnet Masks
• Subnet mask consist of 1 or 0.
• If bit position is set to 1, it indicates the
network. • If bit position is set to 0, it indicates
the host.
NETWORK HOST
• Example: (No subnet yet)
CLASS C 11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000 OCTET 1 OCTET 2 OCTET 3 OCTET 4

Network Bits = 24

Host Bits = 8255 255 255 0


Identifying Subnet Masks
• Subnet mask consist of 1 or 0.
• If bit position is set to 1, it indicates the
network. • If bit position is set to 0, it indicates
the host.
NETWORK HOST
• Example: (No subnet yet)
CLASS C 11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000 255 255 255 0
Network Bits = 24
Host Bits = 8
of 1 or 0.
Identifying Subnet IP Address 192.168.12.0
Masks • Subnet mask consist

• If bit position is set to 1, it indicates the


network. • If bit position is set to 0, it indicates
the host.
NETWORK HOST
• Example: (No subnet yet)

CLASS C 11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000 255 255 255 0


Network Bits = 24
Host Bits = 8
of 1 or 0.
Identifying Subnet IP Address 192.168.12.0 Subnet

Masks • Subnet mask consist Mask 255.255.255.0


• If bit position is set to 1, it indicates the
network. • If bit position is set to 0, it indicates
the host.
NETWORK HOST
• Example: (No subnet yet)

CLASS C 11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000 255 255 255 0


Network Bits = 24
Host Bits = 8

Identifying Subnet Masks • Example: (with


subnets)
IP Address 192.168.12.0 Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0
Mask 255.255.255.0
NETWORK HOST

NETWORK HOST

CLASS C

CLASS C
11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000 11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000

Identifying Subnet
Masks • Example: (with Breaking down the 192.168.12.0
network into four subnets We need
subnets) to borrow 2 bits from the host.
IP Address 192.168.12.0 Subnet
Mask 255.255.255.0
Identifying Subnet NETWORK HOST

Masks • Example: (with


subnets)
CLASS C
IP Address 192.168.12.0 Subnet 11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000

Identifying Subnet Masks • Example: (with


subnets)
IP Address 192.168.12.0 Subnet 11111111 11111111 11111111 1 1 000000
Mask 255.255.255.0

NETWORK HOST

CLASS C

Identifying Subnet Masks • Example: (with


subnets)
IP Address 192.168.12.0 Subnet 11111111 11111111 11111111 1 1 000000
Mask 255.255.255.0

NETWORK HOST

CLASS C

Identifying Subnet Masks • Example: (with


subnets)
IP Address 192.168.12.0 Subnet
Mask 255.255.255.0

NETWORK HOST

CLASS C Borrowed bits


from the host

Identifying Subnet
Masks • Example: (with
11111111 11111111 11111111 1 1 000000
subnets)
IP Address 192.168.12.0 Subnet
Mask 255.255.255.0
11111111 11111111 11111111 1 1 000000

NETWORK HOST

CLASS C

IP Address 192.168.12.0 Subnet


Identifying Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0

Masks • Example: (with NETWORK


HOST
subnets)
11111111 11111111 11111111 1 1 000000

CLASS C

Mask 255.255.255.0
Identifying Subnet
NETWORK
Masks • Example: (with
HOST

subnets)
CLASS C
IP Address 192.168.12.0 Subnet 11111111 11111111 11111111 1 1 000000
Identifying Subnet
CLASS C
Masks • Example: (with 11111111 11111111 11111111 1 1 000000

subnets)
IP Address 192.168.12.0 Subnet Binary

Mask 255.255.255.0

NETWORK
HOST
Identifying Subnet
Masks • Example: (with 1 1 0 0 0 0
Binary
0 0

subnets)
IP Address 192.168.12.0 Subnet
Mask 255.255.255.0 Identifying Subnet
NETWORK
HOST
Masks • Example: (with
subnets)
IP Address 192.168.12.0 Subnet
CLASS C
11111111 11111111 11111111 1 1 000000 Mask 255.255.255.0
11111111 11111111 11111111 1 1 000000

NETWORK
HOST

CLASS C

Place Value Binary


1 1 0

subnets)
Identifying Subnet IP Address 192.168.12.0 Subnet

Masks • Example: (with Mask 255.255.255.0


11111111 11111111 11111111 1 1 000000

NETWORK
HOST

CLASS C

Place Value Binary


128 64 32
1 1 0

subnets)
Identifying Subnet IP Address 192.168.12.0 Subnet

Masks • Example: (with Mask 255.255.255.0


11111111 11111111 11111111 1 1 000000

NETWORK
HOST

CLASS C
128+6
4+0+0
Place Value Binary +0+0+
0+0
128 64 32
1 1 0

subnets)
Identifying Subnet IP Address 192.168.12.0 Subnet

Masks • Example: (with Mask 255.255.255.0


11111111 11111111 11111111 1 1 000000

NETWORK
HOST

CLASS C
128+6

4+0+0
Place Value Binary
128 64 32 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 = 192
1 1 0

subnets)
Identifying Subnet IP Address 192.168.12.0 Subnet

Masks • Example: (with Mask 255.255.255.0


11111111 11111111 11111111 1 1 000000

NETWORK
HOST

CLASS C
128+6
4+0+0
Place Value Binary +0+0+
0+0
128 64 32
1 1 0

= 192
Subnet Mask (with 4 subnets) 255.255.255.192

Identifying Subnet Masks • Example: (with


subnets)
IP Address 192.168.12.0 Subnet
Mask 255.255.255.0
CLASS C
11111111 11111111 11111111 1 1 000000

NETWORK
HOST

128+6
4+0+0
Place Value Binary +0+0+
0+0
128 64 32
1 1 0

= 192
Subnet Mask (with 4 subnets) 255.255.255.192

Identifying Subnet Masks • Example: (with


subnets)
IP Address 192.168.12.0 Subnet Mask

255.255.255.192 Identifying Subnet


NETWORK
HOST
Masks • Example: (with
subnets)
IP Address 192.168.12.0 Subnet Mask

255.255.255.192

NETWORK
HOST

11111111 11111111 1 1 000000


11111111
11111111 11111111 1 1 000000
11111111

Place Value Binary


128 64 32
1 1 0

IP Address 192.168.12.0 Subnet Mask

Identifying Subnet 255.255.255.192

Masks • Example: (with NETWORK


HOST

subnets)
11111111 11111111 1 1 000000
11111111

Masks • Example: (with


Place
Value
Binary
192.168.12.0 subnets)
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 IP Address 192.168.12.0 Subnet Mask
1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
255.255.255.192

Identifying Subnet NETWORK


HOST

11111111 11111111 1 1 000000


11111111
Masks • Example: (with
Place
Value
Binary
192.168.12.0
192.168.12.64
subnets)
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 IP Address 192.168.12.0 Subnet Mask
1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
255.255.255.192

Identifying Subnet
NETWORK
HOST

11111111 11111111 1 1 000000


11111111
Place
192.168.12.0
Value 192.168.12.64 192.168.12.128
Binary 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
IP Address 192.168.12.0 Subnet Mask

255.255.255.192
Identifying Subnet
NETWORK
Masks • Example: (with HOST

subnets)

11111111 11111111 1 1 000000


11111111
Place
Value
Binary
192.168.12.0
192.168.12.64 192.168.12.128 192.168.12.192
Identifying Subnet
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
Masks • Example: (with
255.255.255.192

subnets) NETWORK
HOST
IP Address 192.168.12.0 Subnet Mask

11111111 11111111 1 1 000000


11111111
Place

Identifying Subnet
Value
Binary
192.168.12.0
192.168.12.64 192.168.12.128 192.168.12.192
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 Masks • Example: (with
1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
subnets)
IP Address 192.168.12.0 Subnet Mask
255.255.255.192

NETWORK
HOST

11111111 11111111 1 1 000000


11111111
Place

Identifying Subnet
Value
Binary
192.168.12.0

192.168.12.63
192.168.12.64 192.168.12.128 192.168.12.192
Masks • Example: (with
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 subnets)
IP Address 192.168.12.0 Subnet Mask

255.255.255.192
NETWORK
HOST

11111111 11111111 1 1 000000


11111111

Masks • Example: (with


Place
Value
Binary
192.168.12.0
192.168.12.64 192.168.12.128 192.168.12.192
subnets)
192.168.12.63 192.168.12.127 IP Address 192.168.12.0 Subnet Mask
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
255.255.255.192
1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

NETWORK
HOST
Identifying Subnet
11111111 11111111 1 1 000000
11111111
Place
Value
subnets)
Binary
192.168.12.0
192.168.12.64 192.168.12.128 192.168.12.192
192.168.12.63 192.168.12.127 192.168.12.191 192.168.12.255
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

Identifying Subnet 192.168.12.0


192.168.12.64 192.168.12.128 192.168.12.192
192.168.12.63 192.168.12.127 192.168.12.191 192.168.12.255
IP Address 192.168.12.0 Subnet Mask
Masks • Example: (with 255.255.255.192

You might also like