Subnetting
Subnetting
Subnet Masks
(Subnetting)
Subnet Masks
• Identifies the network/subnet portion of an IP address. •
Subnets are created by borrowing bits from the host
portion.
Where:
�� ���� ������������ ����
�������� ����������������
�������� ��ℎ�� ℎ������
�������� �� ���� ������������
���� ℎ������ �������� ������
��ℎ�� ���������� ����
�������������� (A = 24, B = 16, C = 8)
Using the equation:
Breaking down the 192.168.12.0 network into four
subnets We need to borrow 2 bits from the host.
# of subnets created 2��
Therefore: �� = 2
Equations:
�� # of usable hosts/subnet ���� ��������
2
2 ����������������
2 =4 2(��−��)
− 2 �� ���� #
�������� ��ℎ�� ℎ������ ��������
Recall:
NETWORK HOST
CLASS C 00000000 00000000 00000000 0 0 000000 OCTET 1 OCTET 2 OCTET 3
OCTET 4
CLASS C
OCTET 1 OCTET 2 OCTET 3 OCTET 4
Network Bits = 24
Identifying Subnet Masks
• Subnet mask consist of 1 or 0.
• If bit position is set to 1, it indicates the
network. • If bit position is set to 0, it indicates
the host.
NETWORK HOST
• Example: (No subnet yet)
CLASS C 11111111
Network Bits = 24
Host Bits = 8
CLASS C 11111111
Network Bits = 24
CLASS C 11111111
OCTET 1 OCTET 2 OCTET 3 OCTET 4
Network Bits = 24
Network Bits = 24
Network Bits = 24
Network Bits = 24
Network Bits = 24
Network Bits = 24
Network Bits = 24
Network Bits = 24
Network Bits = 24
NETWORK HOST
CLASS C
CLASS C
11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000 11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000
Identifying Subnet
Masks • Example: (with Breaking down the 192.168.12.0
network into four subnets We need
subnets) to borrow 2 bits from the host.
IP Address 192.168.12.0 Subnet
Mask 255.255.255.0
Identifying Subnet NETWORK HOST
NETWORK HOST
CLASS C
NETWORK HOST
CLASS C
NETWORK HOST
Identifying Subnet
Masks • Example: (with
11111111 11111111 11111111 1 1 000000
subnets)
IP Address 192.168.12.0 Subnet
Mask 255.255.255.0
11111111 11111111 11111111 1 1 000000
NETWORK HOST
CLASS C
CLASS C
Mask 255.255.255.0
Identifying Subnet
NETWORK
Masks • Example: (with
HOST
subnets)
CLASS C
IP Address 192.168.12.0 Subnet 11111111 11111111 11111111 1 1 000000
Identifying Subnet
CLASS C
Masks • Example: (with 11111111 11111111 11111111 1 1 000000
subnets)
IP Address 192.168.12.0 Subnet Binary
Mask 255.255.255.0
NETWORK
HOST
Identifying Subnet
Masks • Example: (with 1 1 0 0 0 0
Binary
0 0
subnets)
IP Address 192.168.12.0 Subnet
Mask 255.255.255.0 Identifying Subnet
NETWORK
HOST
Masks • Example: (with
subnets)
IP Address 192.168.12.0 Subnet
CLASS C
11111111 11111111 11111111 1 1 000000 Mask 255.255.255.0
11111111 11111111 11111111 1 1 000000
NETWORK
HOST
CLASS C
subnets)
Identifying Subnet IP Address 192.168.12.0 Subnet
NETWORK
HOST
CLASS C
subnets)
Identifying Subnet IP Address 192.168.12.0 Subnet
NETWORK
HOST
CLASS C
128+6
4+0+0
Place Value Binary +0+0+
0+0
128 64 32
1 1 0
subnets)
Identifying Subnet IP Address 192.168.12.0 Subnet
NETWORK
HOST
CLASS C
128+6
4+0+0
Place Value Binary
128 64 32 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 = 192
1 1 0
subnets)
Identifying Subnet IP Address 192.168.12.0 Subnet
NETWORK
HOST
CLASS C
128+6
4+0+0
Place Value Binary +0+0+
0+0
128 64 32
1 1 0
= 192
Subnet Mask (with 4 subnets) 255.255.255.192
NETWORK
HOST
128+6
4+0+0
Place Value Binary +0+0+
0+0
128 64 32
1 1 0
= 192
Subnet Mask (with 4 subnets) 255.255.255.192
255.255.255.192
NETWORK
HOST
subnets)
11111111 11111111 1 1 000000
11111111
Identifying Subnet
NETWORK
HOST
255.255.255.192
Identifying Subnet
NETWORK
Masks • Example: (with HOST
subnets)
subnets) NETWORK
HOST
IP Address 192.168.12.0 Subnet Mask
Identifying Subnet
Value
Binary
192.168.12.0
192.168.12.64 192.168.12.128 192.168.12.192
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 Masks • Example: (with
1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
subnets)
IP Address 192.168.12.0 Subnet Mask
255.255.255.192
NETWORK
HOST
Identifying Subnet
Value
Binary
192.168.12.0
192.168.12.63
192.168.12.64 192.168.12.128 192.168.12.192
Masks • Example: (with
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 subnets)
IP Address 192.168.12.0 Subnet Mask
255.255.255.192
NETWORK
HOST
NETWORK
HOST
Identifying Subnet
11111111 11111111 1 1 000000
11111111
Place
Value
subnets)
Binary
192.168.12.0
192.168.12.64 192.168.12.128 192.168.12.192
192.168.12.63 192.168.12.127 192.168.12.191 192.168.12.255
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0