Exp LAB 6

Communication Engineering Fundamentals Laboratory Page 1 of 4
Department of Communication Engineering/College of Engineering University of Diyala

Dr. Montadar Abas Taher Single Side Band Amplitude Modulation
Experiment No. 6
Single Side Band (SSB) AM Modulation
Objective: To visualize the message modulating the carrier frequency using Single side band
amplitude modulation.
Pre-requests: Basics of MATLAB and fundamentals of signals & systems.
Useful References:
• Lecture Notes of the course,
• Signal processing & Linear Systems, (B. P. Lathi, ©2004, ISBN: 978-0-19-568583-1).
• Communication Systems, (Simon S. Haykin, © 2000, ISBN: 978-0-47-117869-9).
Theory :
To conserve the transmission bandwidth, only single side of the AM signal can be used, since
both side bands bear the same message signal. In SSB AM modulation, Hilbert transform can be
used to generate the modulated signal. Hilbert transform of m(t) can be defined as;
1
𝑚𝑚
�(𝑡𝑡) = 𝑚𝑚(𝑡𝑡) ∗ Ex 6.1
𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋
The Fourier transform of Ex 6.1 is
� (𝜔𝜔) = −𝑗𝑗 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 (𝜔𝜔)𝑀𝑀(𝜔𝜔)

𝑀𝑀 Ex 6.2
Therefore, the modulated signal in the frequency domain will be
𝐴𝐴𝑐𝑐
𝑀𝑀𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 (𝜔𝜔) = [{𝑀𝑀(𝜔𝜔 − 𝜔𝜔𝑐𝑐 ) + 𝑀𝑀(𝜔𝜔 + 𝜔𝜔𝑐𝑐 )}
2 Ex 6.3
± {𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠(𝜔𝜔 − 𝜔𝜔𝑐𝑐 )𝑀𝑀(𝜔𝜔 − 𝜔𝜔𝑐𝑐 ) − 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠(𝜔𝜔 + 𝜔𝜔𝑐𝑐 )𝑀𝑀(𝜔𝜔 + 𝜔𝜔𝑐𝑐 )}]
Since only one side will be transmitted, either Upper side band or Lower side band, the
bandwidth is halved,
𝐵𝐵𝑇𝑇 = 𝑊𝑊 Ex 6.4
Where W is the bandwidth of the message signal. In the SSB AM modulation system, the
demodulation process can be achieved just like in the DSB-SC modulation system,
2
𝑦𝑦𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 (𝑡𝑡) = 𝑚𝑚𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 (𝑡𝑡) × cos(𝜔𝜔𝑐𝑐 𝑡𝑡) = 𝑚𝑚(𝑡𝑡){1 + 2 cos(2𝜔𝜔𝑐𝑐 𝑡𝑡)} ± 𝑚𝑚
�(𝑡𝑡) sin(2𝜔𝜔𝑐𝑐 𝑡𝑡) Ex 6.5
𝐴𝐴𝑐𝑐
The last equation shows that the signal has been recovered in the first term, while the other terms
are high frequency components, which can be filtered out using low pass filter.
Procedure: Implementing the SSB modulation.
Use the following MATLAB program to implement the SSB AM-modulation, write the
program in your PC and run it. The program will ask you to input the carrier amplitudes, and will
ask you to input the carrier frequencies.
% simulates USSB/LSSB-AM
clear all; close all; clc;
U_or_L=input('Upper or Lower Side band? [1 for lower and 0 for upper] = '); %
1 = Lowe side, 0 Upper side
Ac=input('Amplitude of Carrier Ac = ');
fc=input('Frequency of Carrier [in Hz] Fc = ');
wc=2*pi*fc;
Tb=0.1; % Bit interval time
T=1/fc/8; Fs=1/T; % Sampling period/frequency
Nb=Tb/T; lt=2^(nextpow2(3*Nb)); t=[1:lt]*T; % Time vector
m= ones(Nb,1)*[4 -8 -4]; m=m(:).'; % Message signal m(t)
m=[m, zeros(1,lt-length(m))]; ma=hilbert(m);
tmpc=real(ma).*cos(wc*t); tmps=imag(ma).*sin(wc*t);
if U_or_L<=0; m_ssb=Ac*(tmpc-tmps); str='Upper side SSB-AM'; % USSB-AM
signal
else m_ssb=Ac*(tmpc+tmps); str='Lower side SSB-AM'; % LSSB-AM signal
end
y_ssb=m_ssb*2/Ac.*cos(wc*t); % Demodulated signal
% Digital FIR LPF design
Bd= fir1(20,fc*T); Ad=1;
% Output of LPF as a detector
y_dtr=filter(Bd,Ad,y_ssb);
plot_MOD(T,lt,m,m_ssb,y_ssb,str,y_dtr)
%This is an optional part, to visualize your results clearly compared with

the original message;
m_ssb=modulate(m,fc,Fs,'amssb');
subplot(423), hold on, plot(t,m_ssb,'r')
y_ssb=demod(m_ssb,fc,Fs,'amssb');
subplot(427), hold on, plot(t,y_ssb,'r')
You will need this function to get the results plotted:

function plot_MOD(T,lt,msg,modul,demodul,How,detected,Bd,Ad)
% plots AM signals and their spectra
Fs=1/T; % Sampling Frequency/Period
t=[1:lt]*T; f =[-Fs/2: Fs/lt: Fs/2]; % Time/Freq. vector
M=fftshift(fft(msg));
M=[M M(1)]*T; % Spectrum of Message signal
Modul=fftshift(fft(modul));
Modul=[Modul Modul(1)]*T; % Spectrum of modulated signal
Y=fftshift(fft(demodul));
Y=[Y Y(1)]*T; % Spectrum of demodulated signal
subplot(421), plot(t,msg)
title('Message signal m(t)')
subplot(422), plot(f,abs(M))
title('Spectrum of message')
subplot(423), plot(t,modul)
title([How ' modulated signal'])
subplot(424), plot(f,abs(Modul))
title('Spectrum of modulated signal')
subplot(425), plot(t,demodul)
title('Demodulated signal y(t)')
subplot(426), plot(f,abs(Y))
title('Spectrum Y(f) of y(t)')
if nargin==9
H=fftshift(fft(Bd,lt)./fft(Ad,lt));
Hm=abs([H H(1)]); % Frequency Response of LPF
hold on, plot(f,Hm,'r-')
end
if nargin>6
Y_dtr=fftshift(fft(detected));
Y_dtr=[Y_dtr Y_dtr(1)]*T; % Spectrum of detected signal
subplot(427), plot(t,detected)
title('Lowpass filtered output y_dtr(t)')
subplot(428), plot(f,abs(Y_dtr))
title('Spectrum Y_dtr of y_dtr(t)')
end
Perform the following steps,
1. Run the program and record all your results,

2. Change the message signal to [44 , 0 , −12, and record all the results.
3. Change the message signal to sin(2𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋), where 𝑊𝑊 = 5 𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻, and record all the results.
4. Change the message signal to sin(2𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋), where 𝑊𝑊 = 50 𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻, and record all the results.
5. Change the message signal to sawtooth(2𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋), where 𝑊𝑊 = 5 𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻, and record all the
results.
6. Change the message signal to square(2𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋), where 𝑊𝑊 = 15 𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻, and record all the
results.
Discussion:
1. How to calculate the power of the modulated signal?

2. If there is a phase shift error in the carrier at the receiver side, what will happen to the
received signal? Explain it mathematically.
3. From the results you obtained, calculate the bandwidth of the transmitted signals.
4. Calculate the transmission power efficiency for your results in steps 3 to 6.
Good Luck
Dr. Montadar Abas Taher

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Communication Engineering Fundamentals Laboratory Page 1 of 4

Department of Communication Engineering/College of Engineering University of Diyala

Pre-requests: Basics of MATLAB and fundamentals of signals & systems.

The Fourier transform of Ex 6.1 is

� (𝜔𝜔) = −𝑗𝑗 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 (𝜔𝜔)𝑀𝑀(𝜔𝜔)

Therefore, the modulated signal in the frequency domain will be

Procedure: Implementing the SSB modulation.

%This is an optional part, to visualize your results clearly compared with

You will need this function to get the results plotted:

Perform the following steps,

1. Run the program and record all your results,

1. How to calculate the power of the modulated signal?

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