See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.

net/publication/375828827

Lab Report Behavior of Logic Gates using Truth Table

Experiment Findings · July 2023

CITATIONS READS
0 196

1 author:

Asifur Rahman
Bangladesh University of Business and Technology
24 PUBLICATIONS 0 CITATIONS

SEE PROFILE

All content following this page was uploaded by Asifur Rahman on 22 November 2023.

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.

 Experiment No: 1

Name of the Experiment: To verify the Behavior of Logic Gates using Truth Table and
familiarization with Digital Integrated Circuits.

Objectives:
The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the behavior of logic gates by constructing
truth tables and familiarizing ourselves with digital integrated circuits. The main objective is to
know the nature of for different logic gates, including AND, OR, NOT, NAND, and NOR gates.

Required equipment and devices:

Serial NO Component Specification Quantity

1 AND GATE IC 7408 1
2 OR GATE IC 7432 1
3 NOT GATE IC 7404 1
4 NAND GATE IC 7400 1
5 NOR GATE IC 7402 1
6 X-OR GATE IC 7486 1
7 Wires Dependable
8 Breadboard 1
9 Power Supply 1

Theory:
Logic gates are electronic devices that perform basic logical operations, such as AND, OR, and
NOT, on binary inputs to produce binary outputs. They are the building blocks of digital systems
and are widely used in various electronic applications. The behavior of logic gates can be
described using truth tables, which define the output for all possible combinations of inputs.
Digital integrated circuits, commonly referred to as ICs, are integrated circuits that contain
multiple logic gates on a single chip, providing a compact and efficient solution for
implementing digital logic functions.

Here are the definitions of the used logic gates in this Experiments:
1. AND Gate:
The AND gate is a logic gate that produces an output of "1" only when all of its inputs are "1." It
follows the logical AND operation, where the output is true if and only if all inputs are true.

2. OR Gate:
The OR gate is a logic gate that produces an output of "1" if at least one of its inputs is "1." It
follows the logical OR operation, where the output is true if any of the inputs are true.

3. NOT Gate:
The NOT gate, also known as an inverter, is a logic gate that produces the opposite
(complementary) output to its input. It has a single input and inverts the logic level. If the input
is "1," the output will be "0," and vice versa.

4. NAND Gate:
The NAND gate is a combination of the AND gate followed by the NOT gate. It produces an
output of "0" only when all of its inputs are "1." In other words, the NAND gate performs the
logical AND operation and then negates the result.
5. NOR Gate:
The NOR gate is a combination of the OR gate followed by the NOT gate. It produces an output
of "1" only when all of its inputs are "0." In other words, the NOR gate performs the logical OR
operation and then negates the result.

6. XOR Gate:
The XOR gate, short for exclusive OR gate, produces an output of "1" if its inputs are different. It
follows the logical XOR operation, where the output is true if the number of true inputs is odd.
If both inputs are the same, the output is "0."

Procedure:
1. Set up the breadboard and power supply.
2. Connect the power supply to the breadboard, ensuring correct polarity.
3. Connect the logic gate ICs to the breadboard, ensuring proper alignment and orientation.
4. Connect the input pins of the logic gates to the appropriate switches on the breadboard.
5. Connect the output pins of the logic gates to LEDs through current-limiting resistors.
6. Refer to the truth table for each logic gate and set the input combinations accordingly.
7. Observe the output on the LEDs and record the results.
8. Repeat steps 6 and 7 for different input combinations and logic gates.
9. Compare the observed outputs with the expected outputs from the truth tables.

Result:
The truth tables for the different logic gates are as follows:

AND gate:

A B Y
0 0 0
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1

OR gate:

A B Y
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 1

NOT gate:

A Y
0 1
1 0
NAND gate:

A B Y
0 0 1
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0

NOR gate:

A B Y
0 0 1
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 0

XOR gate:

A B Y
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0

We constructed the logic gates using the ICs and connected them to the appropriate inputs and
outputs on the breadboard. We set the input combinations according to the truth tables and
observed the corresponding outputs on the LEDs.

Discussion:
The observed outputs from the experiment matched the expected outputs from the truth
tables for all the logic gates tested. This confirms that the behavior of the logic gates is
consistent with their respective truth tables. The logic gates performed the logical operations as
intended, demonstrating their functionality in digital systems.
The familiarity gained with digital integrated circuits during the experiment is crucial for further
exploration in digital electronics. By using ICs, complex logic functions can be implemented with
minimal components, reducing complexity and size in practical applications.
The experiment also highlighted the importance of verifying the behavior of logic gates using
truth tables. Truth tables provide a systematic approach to understanding the logic operations
 performed by each gate and allow for easy comparison between expected and observed
outputs.
Possible sources of error in the experiment include incorrect wiring, loose connections, or faulty
components. Careful attention to detail and double-checking the connections can minimize
such errors.

Conclusion:
The experiment successfully verified the behavior of logic gates using truth tables and
familiarized us with digital integrated circuits. The observed outputs matched the expected
outputs, confirming the functionality of logic gates in performing logical operations. This
knowledge is essential for understanding digital systems and laying the foundation for further
studies in digital electronics.

View publication stats