Pace Electricity (Statics + Current + Magnetism)
Pace Electricity (Statics + Current + Magnetism)
Pace Electricity (Statics + Current + Magnetism)
CONCEPTS SUMMARY
1. Electric and magnetic forces determine the properties of atoms, molecules and bulk matter.
2. From simple experiments on frictional electricity, one can infer that there are two types of charges in
nature; and that like charges repel and unlike charges attract. By convention, the charge on a glass
rod rubbed with silk is positive; that on a plastic rod rubbed with fur is then negative.
3. Conductors allow movement of electric charge through them, insulators do not. In metals, the mobile
charges are electrons; in electrolytes both positive and negative ions are mobile.
4. Electric charge has three basic properties: quantization, additivity and conservation.
Quantisation of electric charge means that total charge (q) of a body is always an integral multiple of
a basic quantum of charge (e) i.e. q = n e. where n = 0, ±1, ±2, ±3, ….Proton and electron have
charges +e, –e, respectively. For macroscopic charges for which n is a very large number,
quantisation of charge can be ignored.
Additivity of electric charges means that the total charge of a system is the algebraic sum (i.e., the
sum taking into account proper signs) of all individual charges in the system.
Conservation of electric charges means that the total charge of an isolated system remains unchanged
with time. This means that when bodies are charged through friction, there is a transfer of electric
charge from one body to another, but no creation or destruction of charge.
5. Coulomb’s Law: The mutual electrostatic force between two point charges q1 and q2 is proportional
to the product q1q2 and inversely proportional to the square of the distance r21 separating them.
Mathematically,
k q1q 2
F21 force on q 2 due to q1 r 21
r212
1
Where r 21 is a unit vector in the direction from q1 to q2 and k is the constant of proportionality.
4 0
In SI units, the unit of charge is coulomb. The experimental value of the constant 0 , is
12 2 1 2
0 8.854 10 C N m
The approximate value of k is
k 9 109 N m2 C 2
6. The ratio of electric force and gravitational force between a proton and an electron is
ke2
2.4 1039
G m e mp
7. Superposition Principle: The principle is based on the property that the forces with which two
charges attract or repel each other are not affected by the presence of a third (or more) additional
charge(s). For an assembly of charges q1, q2, q3,… the force on any charge. say q 1, is the vector sum
of the force on q 1 due to q2, the force on q 1 due to q3 and so on. For each pair, the force is given by
the Coulomb’s law for two charges stated earlier.
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8. The electric field E at a point due to a charge configuration is the force on a small positive test charge
q placed at the point divided by the magnitude of the charge. Electric field due to a point charge q has
a magnitude q / 4 0 r 2 ; it is radially outwards from q, if q is positive and radially inwards if q is
negative. Like Coulomb force, electric field also satisfies superposition principle.
9. An electric field line is a curve drawn in such a way that the tangent at each point on the curve gives
the direction of electric field at that point. The relative closeness of field lines indicates the relative
strength of electric field at different points: they crowd near each other in regions of strong electric
field and are far apart where the electric field is weak. In regions of constant electric field, the field
lines are uniformly spaced parallel straight lines.
10. Some of the important properties of field lines are: (i) Field lines are continuous curves without any
breaks. (ii) Two field lines cannot cross each other. (iii) Electrostatic field lines start at positive
charges and end at negative charges — they cannot form closed loops.
11. An electric dipole is a pair of equal and opposite charges q and – q separated by some distance 2a. Its
dipole moment vector p has magnitude 2qa and is in the direction of the dipole axis from – q to q.
12. Field of an electric dipole in its equatorial plane (i.e., the plane perpendicular to its axis and passing
through Its centre) at a distance r from the centre:
p 1
E 3/ 2
4 0 a r22
p
, for r a
4 0r3
Dipole electric field on the axis at a distance r from the centre:
2p r
E 2
4 0 r2 a 2
2p
for r a
4 0r3
The 1/r3 dependence of dipole electric fields should be noted in contrast to the 1/r2 dependence of
electric field due to a point charge,
14. The flux of electric field E through a small area element S is given by
E. S
The vector area element S is
S Snˆ
where S is the magnitude of the area element and n̂ is normal to the area element, which can be
considered planar for sufficiently small S .
For an area element of a closed surface, n̂ is taken to be the direction of outward normal, by
convention.
15. Gauss’s Law: The flux of electric field through any closed surface S is 1/ 0 times the total charge
enclosed by S. The law is especially useful in determining electric field E. when the source
distribution has simple symmetry:
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(1) Thin infinitely long straight wire of uniform linear charge density
E nˆ
2 0 r
where r is the perpendicular distance of the point from the wire and n̂ is the radial unit vector in the
plane normal to the wire passing through the point.
(ii) Infinite thin plane sheet of uniform surface charge density
E nˆ
2 0
Where n̂ is a unit vector normal to the plane, outward on either side,
(iii) Thin spherical shell of uniform surface charge density
q
E r̂ (r R )
4 0 r2
E 0 (r < R)
where r is the distance of the point from the centre of the shell and R the radius of the shell. q is the
total charge of the shell: q 4 R 2 . The electric field outside the shell is as though the total charge
is concentrated at the centre. The same result is true for a solid sphere of uniform volume charge
density. The field is zero at all points inside the shell
2. Potential at a point is the work done per unit charge (by an external agency) in bringing a charge from
infinity to that point. Potential at a point is arbitrary to within an additive constant, since it is the
potential difference between two points which Is physically significant. If potential at infinity is
chosen to be zero: potential at a point with position vector r due to a point charge Q placed at the
origin is given is given by
1 Q
V r
4 0 r
3. The electrostatic potential at a point with position vector r due to a point dipole of dipole moment p
placed at the origin is
1 p.rˆ
V r
4 0 r2
The result is true also for a dipole (with charges – q and q separated by 2a) for r >> a.
4. For a charge configuration q 1. q2,..., qn with position vectors r1, r2,…. rn , the potential at a point P is
given by the superposition principle
1 q1 q 2 q
V ... n
4 0 r1P r2P rnP
where r1P is the distance between q1 and P. as and so on.
5. An equipotential surface is a surface over which potential has a constant value. For a point charge,
concentric spheres centered at a location of the charge are equipotential surfaces. The electric field E
at a point is perpendicular to the equipotential surface through the point. E is in the direction of the
steepest decrease of potential.
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6. Potential energy stored in a system of charges is the work done (by an external agency) in
assembling the charges at their locations. Potential energy of two charges q 1, q 2 at r1. r2 is given by
1 q1q 2
U
4 0 r12
where r12 is distance between q1 and q2.
7. The potential energy of a charge q in an external potential V(r) is qV(r). The potential energy of a
dipole moment p in a uniform electric field E is - p.E.
8. Electrostatics field E is zero in the interior of a conductor; just outside the surface of a charged
conductor, E is normal to the surface given by E n̂ where n̂ is the unit vector along the outward
0
normal to the surface and is the surface charge density. Charges in a conductor can reside only at
its surface. Potential is constant within and on the surface of a conductor. In a cavity within a
conductor (with no charges), the electric field is zero.
10. If the medium between the plates of a capacitor is filled with an insulating substance (dielectric) the
electric field due to the charged plates induces a net dipole moment in the dielectric. This effect,
called polarisation, gives rise to a field in the opposite direction, The net electric field inside the
dielectric and hence the potential difference between the plates is thus reduced. Consequently, the
capacitance C increases from its value C0 when there is no medium (vacuum), C KC0
where K is the dielectric constant of the insulating substance.
11. For capacitors in the series combination, the total capacitance C is given by
1 1 1 1
...
C C1 C 2 C3
In the parallel combination, the total capacitance C is:
C C1 C2 C3 ...
where C1 ,C2 , C3 ... are individual capacitances.
12. The energy U stored in a capacitor of capacitance C. with charge Q and voltage V is
1 1 2 1 Q2
U QV CV
2 2 2 C
The electric energy density (energy per unit volume) in a region with electric field is 1/ 2 0 E2 .
13. A Van de Graaff generator consists of a large spherical conducting shell (a few metre in diameter).
By means of a moving belt and suitable brushes, charge is continuously transferred to the shell and
potential difference of the order of several million volts is built up, which can be used for accelerating
charged particles.
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ELECTROSTATICS
FORMULA SUMMARY
Coulomb’s Law :
q1 q 2
F1,2 r̂1,2
4 0 r2
F1, 2 : force by q l on q 2 in vacuum
r̂1, 2 : unit vector from q 1 to q 2
Note:
(1) Charge is conserved in every process.
(2) In electrostatics & magneto statics, Newton’s law are valid
( e.g. Newton’s 3rd law is obeyed in coulombic force ). But, in electrodynamics momentum is stored
in the fields also. So, “simple” conservation of momentum doesn’t hold
For a conductor
A conductor has a cavity in which a charge +q is placed. Net charge –q is induced on the inner
surface of cavity & +q charge is induced on the outer surface of conductor
for a non – uniform conductor the surface charge density ( ) varies inversely as radius of curvature
1
(R) of that part of conductor.
R
Gauss’ Law :
q nc
K E .ds
0
r ds
p ds Solid angle is defined as w
r2
Note :
(1) Gauss’ law is very useful in symmetric situation
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(2) The electric field is due to all charges whether inside or outside.
Relation between E and V ;
r x y z
v v v
V = - E . dr E x dx E y dy E z dz E î ĵ k̂
x y z
v 1 v ˆ
= r̂
r r
-q +q
1
tan = tan
2
3 Ring 1 q 1 qx
Radius :R 4 2 2 4 (R 2
x 2 )3/ 2
0 R x 0
At a dist x
4 Disc
( R2 x2 x) R2 x2 x
R
x 2 0 2 0 R 2 x2
At edge R
0
5 Infinite sheet of x
charge w.r.t V = 0 at x = 0
2 0 2 0
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Note: (1) Above formulae can be used in gravitation by replacing q by m ,
1
by G, attaching a negative sign to V & reversing direction of E,.
4 0
K 0A
(1) Parallel plate capacitor C
d
If slabs of dielectric constant K1, K2 ,…& thickness t1 ,t2 are placed between two plates ,
then capacitance
0 A
C
n n
ti
d ti
i 1 i 1 ki
0
if placed parallel then C = ( K1 A1 + K2A2 + … )
d
(2) Spherical capacitor
b
4 0 ab
a C
b a
b
a 4 0b2
C
b a
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2 0
(3) Cylindrical capacitor C
b
n
a
1
Bound charge on surface of dielectric of a capacitor 0 1
K
2
1 2
(Force of attraction between plates per unit area) = 0E =
2 2 0
1 1
Energy stored = CV 2 Energy density = 0 E2
2 2
1) (i) In series combination of capacitor :
1 1 1
V1 : V2 : V3 = : :
C1 C 2 C3
In parallel combination :
q 1 : q2 : q 3 = C1 : C2 : C3
(ii) If n plates are arranged with alternate plates joined and between any two consecutive plates
A 0 A 0
C= then Ceq = ( n – 1 )
d d
(iii) When a parallel plate capacitor is dipped in liquid, with lower plate inside , then the rise in liquid
( K 1)Q2
level , h =
2 A2 K 0 g
(iv) when two condensers C1 and C2, charged to potential V1 and V2 are joined by conducting wire, then
C V C 2 V2
final potential V = 1 1
C1 C 2
C1
final charge distribution , Q1 = C1V1 C 2 V2
C1 C 2
C2
Q2 = C1V1 C 2 V2
C1 C2
1 C1 C 2 2
Loss of energy = V1 V2
2 C1 C 2
Note : Above formulae are valid for parallel plate capacitor with positive plates joined and negative plates
joined too. If positive plate connected to negative then replace V2 by – V2.
1 2 dC
Force on the dielectric in a capacitor V (It is due to fringing effect)
2 dx
Rt = R0 ( 1 + t ), is the temperature coefficient of resistance
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CURRENT ELECTRICITY
CONCEPT SUMMARY
1. Current through a given area of a conductor is the net charge passing per unit time through the area.
2. To maintain a steady current, we must have a closed circuit in which an external agency moves
electric charge from lower to higher potential energy. The work done per unit charge by the source in
taking the charge from lower to higher potential energy (i.e., from one terminal of the source to the
other) is called the electromotive force, or emf, of the source. Note that the emf is not a force; it is the
voltage difference between the two terminals of a source in open circuit.
3. Ohm’s law: The electric current I flowing through a substance is proportional to the voltage V across
its ends. i.e., V I or V = RI, where R is called the resistance of the substance. The unit of
resistance is ohm: 1 1V A 1
4. The resistance R of a conductor depends on its length l and constant cross-sectional area A through
the relation.
R
A
where , called resistivity is a property of the material and depends on temperature and pressure.
5. Electrical resistivity of substances varies over a very wide range. Metals have low resistivity, in the
range of 10 8 m to 10 6 m. Insulators like glass and rubber have 10 22 to 1024 times greater
resistivity. Semiconductors like Si and Ge lie roughly in the middle range of resistivity on a
logarithmic scale.
6. In most substances, the carriers of current are electrons; in some cases, for example, ionic crystals and
electrolytic liquids, positive and negative ions carry the electric current.
7. Current density j gives the amount of charge flowing per second per unit area normal to the flow,
j nqvd
where n is the number density (number per unit volume) of charge carriers each of charge q. and vd
is the drift velocity of the charge carriers. For electrons q = - e. If j is normal to a cross-sectional area
A and is constant over the area, the magnitude of the current I through the area is nevd A .
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9. In the temperature range in which resistivity increases linearly with temperature, the temperature
coefficient of resistivity a is defined as the fractional increase In resistivity per unit increase in
temperature.
10. Ohm’s law is obeyed by many substances, but it is not a fundamental law of nature. It fails if
(a) V depends on I non-linearly.
(b) the relation between V and I depends on the sign of V for the same absolute value of V.
(c) The relation between V and I is non-unique.
An example of (a) is when increases with I (even if temperature is kept fixed). A rectifier combines
features (a) and (b). Ga As shows the feature (c).
11. When a source of emf is connected to an external resistance R, the voltage Vext across R is given by
Vext IR R
R r
where r is the internal resistance of the source.
14. The Wheatstone bridge is an arrangement of four resistances. – R1, R2, R3, R4 as shown in the text.
The null-point condition is given by
R1 R 3
R2 R 4
using which the value of one resistance can be determined, knowing the other three resistances.
15. The potentiometer is a device to compare potential differences. Since the method involves a condition
of no current flow, the device can be used to measure potential difference; internal resistance of a cell
and compare emf’s of two sources.
FORMULA SUMMARY
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for resistance in series V1 : V2 : V3 = R1 : R2 : R3
1 1 1
in parallel combination i1 : i2 : i3 = : :
R1 R 2 R 3
(2) Resistance R
A
(3) Wheat stone bridge :If PS =QR ig =0
P Q
R S
R2 E2
Rn En
n
Ei
i 1 Ri
E net n
where Ei are taken with sign as required
1
i 1 Ri
(iv) To find Req , resolve all series , parallel combination and wheat stone bridge. If still circuit is
not solvable, connect battery and use KCL , KVL.
(vi) If no current exchange takes place across a junction you can break it
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i1 i1 i1
i1
i2
i2 i2 i2
(vii) Projectile motion based question in capacitor electric field can be solved using effective
qE
gravity as .
m
(6) Moving coil galvanometer:
K NiAB
K Torsional couple perunit twist
N : No of turns of coil
: deflection in radians
A:Area of cross –section of coil
B: Magnetic field
Use of galvanometer as S
(i) Ammeter
Ig G
S
I Ig G
I Ig
(ii) Voltmeter
V G
R G
IG Ig R
V
for conversion of ammeter to voltmeter R = A
IA
rc
ra rb rb rc rc ra
RA etc B C B rb C
ra RA
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A
2
2
1
3V V V
2 4 2
Conductor
+q r
O
R
2R
q 1 1 q q 1 1
4 0 r 2R 4 0r 4 0 r 2R
4. A solid conducting sphere of radius a has a net positive charge 2Q. A conducting spherical shell of
inner radius b and outer radius c is concentric with the solid sphere and has a net charge – Q. The
surface charge density on the inner and outer surfaces of the spherical shell will be
a
b
2Q Q Q Q Q
(A) , (B) , (C) 0, (D) None of the above.
4 b2 4 c2 4 b2 4 c 2 4 c2
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5. A particle of charge q = +200µc and mass m = 5kg is released from rest from the position x1 = +5m in
gravity free space. An electric field is present in this space which varies linearly with x according to
the relation E 2 10 4 8 x iˆ V/m , where x is in meter. Select the wrong statement
(A) Acceleration of the particle is 2.4 m/s2 just after the release
(B) Speed of the particle is maximum at x = +8 m
(C) Motion of the particle is oscillatory and periodic but not SHM
(D) Particle again comes to rest at x = +11 m
6. Consider a square based pyramid. Length of one side of the base is l. A positive point change q is
l
placed outside the pyramid on its line of symmetry at a distance from its base. Magnitude of
2
electric flux associated with one of the slanted faces of the pyramid is
q 5q q 3q
(A) (B) (C) (D)
24 0 24 0 4 0 4 0
8. X and Y are large, parallel conducting plates close to each other. Each face has an area A. X is given a
charge Q. Y is without any charge. Points A, B and C are as shown in the figure.
Q
(a) The field at B is
2 oA
Q
(b) The field at B is
oA
(c) The fields at A is minimum in magnitude
(d) The field at A and C are of the same magnitude and direction
q q
+ S +
6 F 3 F
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10. A cavity of radius r is made inside a solid sphere. The volume charge density of the remaining sphere
is . An electron (charge e, mass m) is released inside the cavity from point P as shown in figure.
The centre of sphere and centre of cavity are separated by a distance a. The time after which the
electron again touches the sphere is
P 45o
6 2r 0 m 2r 0 m 6r 0 m r 0m
(A) (B) (C) (D)
e a e a e a e a
11. An electric field given by E 4iˆ 3 y 2 2 ˆj passes through Gaussian cube of side 1m placed at
origin such that its three sides represents x, y and z axes. The magnitude net charge enclosed within
the cube is
(A) 4 0 (B) 3 0 (C) 5 0 (D) zero
12. Find the reading of the ideal ammeter connected in the given circuit. Assume that the cells have
negligible internal resistance.
10 V 4V 8V 6V
10 8 4 2 A
13. The electric field in a region of space is given by E = 8x iˆ – 4y ĵ – 4z k̂ . The equation of lines of
force in plane z = 0 is
(a) 2x y = 0 (b) xy = constant (c) xy2 = constant (d) x2/y = constant
14. A thin glass rod is bent into semicircle of radius r . A charge Qis uniformly distributed along the
upper half and a charge Q is uniformly distributed along the lower half, as shown in figure. The
electric field E at P, the centre of the semicircle, is
+ +
+ + A
+
+
+
+
+
O P
-
-
-
-
-
- B
--
--
Q 2Q 4Q Q
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
0r 0r 0r 4 0r
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15. A spherical shell of radius R 1.5cm has a charge q 20 C uniformly distributed over it. The force
exerted by one half over the other half is’
(a) zero (b) 10 2 N (c) 500 N (d) 2000 N
16. Two concentric metallic shell’s of radius R and 2R, out of which the inner shell is having charge Q
and outer shell is uncharged. If they are connected with a conducting wire. Then,
(a) Q e number of electrons will flow from outer to inner shell, where e charge on an electron
KQ2
(b) amount of heat is produced in the wire
4R
KQ2
(c) amount of heat is produced in the wire
2R
(d) none of these
17. Figure shows four charges q1,q 2 ,q3, q4 fixed in space. Then, the total flux of electric field through a
closed surface S, due to all charges q1,q2 ,q3 and q4 , is
q1 q2
q3 q4
(c) zero if q1 q2 q3 q4
18. A charge is uniformly distributed on a wire such that linear charge density is wire is
shown in the figure, straight section is semi infinitely large. C is the centre of the semicircular portion
of radius R. Considering all physical quantities in SI units, magnitude of electric field at C is:
1
K
4 o
2K 2K K
(A) (B) (C) (D) Zero
R R R
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19. A network of resistances is constructed with R1 and R2 as shown in figure. The potential at the points
1, 2, 3,……, N are V1,V2,V3,....Vn respectively, each having a potential k times smaller than the
previous one. (Example V0 = kV1, V1 = kV2 ,V2 = kV3,....... )
V1 V2 V3 VN 1 N
V0 R1
R1 R1
R2 R2 R2 R2 R2
R1
Then the ratio is
R2
2
21 k 1 k 1
(A) k (B) (C) k 2
(D)
k k 1 k k
10
20. A non-conducting ring of radius 0.5m carries a total charge of 1.11 10 C distributed non-
uniformly on its circumference producing an electric field E everywhere in space. The value of the
l 0
line integral E.dl (l = 0 being centre of the ring) in volts is
l
22. A circuit is shown in the adjacent figure and switch S is closed at t=0. Find charge stored in C as a
function of ‘t’ is.
t t
(A) CV 1 e 3 RC
(B) CV 1 e 7 RC
t t
CV CV
(C) 1 e 7 RC (D) 1 e 3 RC
3 3
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23. The circuit involves two ideal cells connected to a 1 F capacitor via a key K. Initially the key K is
in position 1 and the capacitor is charged fully by 2V cell. The key is then pushed to position 2. The
net heat produced in circuit in J is
24. In the given circuit RB = 6 , RC =, 3 RD = 2 . The ratio of current through resistors A, B, C and D
will be in the ratio
25. An air filled parallel plate capacitor with the plate area A is connected to a battery with an emf E and
small internal resistance. One of the plates vibrates so that the distance between plates varies as
d do a cos t (a << d 0). The capacitor breaks down when the instantaneous current in the circuit
reaches the value I. Maximum possible amplitude of vibration a is
Ido2 Ido2 IA IA
(A) (B) (C) 2
(D)
EA o 2EA o 2 Ed o o Edo2 o
26. Two perfect (infinitesimal) dipoles p 1 and p2 are perpendicular and lie a distance r apart. The force on
np1 p2 ˆ
dipole two due to one is k , Find n.
4 or 4
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27.
the magnitude of electric field at a point 2R distance above its center is E then what is the magnitude
of electric field at the point which is 2R below its center?
R R R R
(A) E (B) E (C) E (D) E
6 o 12 o 6 o 24 o
28. Figure shows a simple potentiometer circuit for measuring a small e.m.f. produced by a
thermocouple. The meter wire PQ has a resistance of 5 and length 1 m. If a balance point is
obtained 0.6 m along PQ when measuring an e.m.f of 6 mV, what is the value of resistance R?
29. Three resistances are joined together to form a letter Y, as shown in figure. If the potentials of the
terminals A, B and C are V1 , V2 and V3 respectively, then determine the potential of the point ‘O’
2 1
V1 V2 V3 1 1 1 V V2 V3 1 1 1
(A) (B) 1
R12 R22 R32 R1 R2 R3 R1 R2 R3 R1 R2 R3
V1 V2 V3 V1 V2 V3
(C) R1 R2 R3 (D) R12 R22 R32
R1 R2 R3 R12 R22 R32
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30. Three point charges q1,q 2 and q3 are taken such that when q1 and q2 are placed close together to
form a single point charge, the force on q3 at distance L from this combination is a repulsion of 2
unit in magnitude. When q2 and q3 are so combined the force on q1 at distance L is an attractive
force of magnitude 4 unit. Also q3 and q1 when combined exert an attractive force on q2 of
magnitude 18 unit at same distance L . The algebraic ratio of charges q1,q 2 and q3 is
(a) 1:2:3 (b) 2: 3:4 (c) 4: 3:1 (d) 4: 3:2
31. A small block of mass m , charge q is kept at the top of a smooth inclined plane of angle 30
placed in an elevator moving upward with an acceleration a0 . Electric field E exists between the
vertical side walls of the elevator. The time taken by the block to come to the lowest point of inclined
plane is(assuming the surface to be smooth)
a0
+ –
–
+ –
+ –
+ –
+ –
–
+ –
+ –
–
+ q m –
+ –
+ –h
+ –
–
+ 300 –
–
2h 2h
(a) t (b) t
g qE
g a0
m
2h 2h
(c) t 2 (d) t
3 qE 2 qE 2
g a0 g a0 h
m m
32. Consider two identical positive charges which are fixed on the y axis, at 0,a and 0, a . Let a
particle having a negative charge start from the origin O from a point P x, 0 at a large distance from
O, move along the x -axis, passes through O and moves far away from O. Let the acceleration a be
taken as positive along its direction of motion. The particle’s acceleration a is plotted against its x
coordinate. Then a vs x curve is given by
(a) a (b) a
x
O O
x
a a
(c) x (d) x
O O
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33. In a regular polygon of n sides, each corner is at a distance a from the centre. Identical charges of
magnitude q are placed at n 1 corners. The field at the centre is
q q n q n 1 q
(a) 2
(b) n 1 2
(c) 2
(d)
4 0a 4 0a n 1 4 0a
n 4 0a 2
34. An infinite dielectric sheet having charge density has a hole of radius R in it. An electron is
released on the axis of the hole at a distance 3 R from the centre. The speed with which crosses the
centre of the hole.
+ + + ++
+ ++
+ + + + + ++
R +
+ + ++ +
+ + +
++ + ++ + 3R
+
+
+ ++ + +
eR eR 2 eR
(a) (b) (c) (d) None of these
2m 0 m 0 m 0
35. A line charge density lies along the x – axis and let the surface of zero potential passes through (0,
5, 12)m. The potential at point 1,3, 4 m is
Z
V=0
(0,5,12)
13 13
(a) log e (b) loge
2 0 5 2 0 3
13
(c) log e (d) None of these
4 0 5
36. A point charge Q is placed at a distance r (< R) from the centre O of a uncharged spherical shell of
inner radius R and outer radius 2R. The electric potential at the centre of the shell is given by
Conductor
r +q
R O
2R
Q Q 1 1 Q Q 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
8 0 R 4 0 r 2R 4 0 r 4 0 r 2R
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37. The potential energy of the system of two identically charged spheres as shown in the figure is equal
to (Assume the charge distribution to be uniform)
q2 1 1 1 q2 1 q2
(a) (b) (c) (d) None of these
4 0 R r 4 0 r 4 0 r R r
38. Consider a metal sphere, of radius R that is cut in two along a plane whose minimum distance from
the sphere’s centre is h. Sphere is uniformly charged by a total electric charge Q. The force necessary
to hold be two parts of the sphere together is
R
h
Q2 Q2
(a) F 4
R2 h2 (b) F
4 0R
4 0R 2
Q2 Q2
(c) F 3
R h (d) F 4
R2 h2
32 0R 32 0R
39. Consider the charge configuration and a spherical Gaussian surface as shown in the figure. When
calculating the flux of the electric field over the spherical surface, the electric field will be due to
40. A uniformly charged thin spherical shell of radius R carries uniform surface charge density of per
unit area. It is made of two hemispherical shells, held together by pressing them with force F(see
figure). F is proportional to
F F
2 2
1 2 1 1 1
(a) R2 (b) 2
R (c) (d)
0 0 0 R 0 R2
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41. An oil drop is found floating freely between the plates of a parallel plate condenser, the plates being
horizontal and the lower plate carrying a charge +Q. The area of each plate is A and the distance of
separation between them is D. The charge on the oil drop must be (g is the acceleration due to
gravity)
Ag MgA AgQ MgAQ
(a) (b) 0 (c) (d)
QM Q D 0
42. A wire of length L is placed along x axis with one end at the origin. The linear charge density of the
x3
wire varies with distance x from the origin as 0 , where 0 is a positive constant. The total
L
charge Q on the rod is
2 3 3 4
0L 0L 0L 0L
(a) Q (b) Q (c) Q (d) Q
3 3 4 5
43. Two identical metallic block resting on a frictionless horizontal surface are connected by a light
metallic spring having a spring constant k and an unstretched length L 0 . A total charge Q is slowly
3L0
placed on the system, causing the spring to stretch to an equilibrium length L , as shown. The
2
value of Q, assuming that all the charge resides on the blocks and assuming the blocks as point
charges is
L 0
k
m m
INITIALLY
L
k
m m
FINALLY
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46. A charge q is distributed uniformly over the volume of a insulating solid sphere of radius R . It is
enclosed by an earthed conducting spherical shell of inner radius R 1 and outer radius R 2 . The
charge on the outer surface of the shell will be
+++
R 1
+ + +++
R
+
R2
R2 R
(a) q (b) q (c) q (d) zero
R1 R2
47. Which one of the following graphs represents the variation of electric field strength E with distance r
from the centre of a uniformly charged non-conducting sphere
(a) E (b) E
r R r
R
(c) E (d) E
48. A uniformly charged sphere of radius R 2m and volume charge density has a spherical cavity as
shown. A point object of mass m 1kg and charge q 2 10 4 C is thrown, from point A. The
minimum velocity required at A for it to reach point B is 3 0 10 3 Cm 3
C1 C2 X
B
1 1 1 1
(a) 0.02ms (b) 0.2 ms (c) 0.4 ms (d) 0.04 ms
49. The potential energy of an electric dipole in a uniform electric field is u . The magnitude of the torque
acting on the dipole due to the field is N . Then
(a) u is minimum and N is zero when the dipole is parallel to the field
(b) u is zero and N is zero when the dipole is perpendicular to the field
(c) u is minimum and N is maximum when the dipole is perpendicular to the field
(d) u is minimum and N is zero when the dipole is anti-parallel to the field
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50. Five point charges ( q each) are placed at the five vertices of a regular hexagon of side 2 a . What is
the magnitude of the net electric field at the centre of the hexagon?
1 q q 2 q 5q
(a) 2
(b) 2
(c) 2
(d)
4 0a 16 0a 4 0a 16 0 a 2
51. Two large parallel planes charged uniformly with surface charge density and are located as
shown in the figure. Which one of the following graphs shows the variation of electric field along a
line perpendicular to the planes as one moves from A to B?
E A B
(a) (b)
x
x
(c) (d)
x x
52. Initially the spheres A and B are at potentials VA and VB respectively. Now sphere B is earthed by
closing the switch. The potential of A becomes
B
A
53. An isolated parallel plate capacitor of capacitance C has four surfaces with charges Q1, Q2 ,Q3 and
Q 4 as shown in figure. The potential difference between the plates is
Q1 Q3
Q2 Q4
Q1 Q 2 Q3 Q 4 Q 2 Q3
(a) (b)
2C 2C
Q2 Q3 Q1 Q 4
(c) (d)
2C 2C
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54. In a parallel plate capacitor, the region between the plates is filled by a dielectric slab. The capacitor
is charged by a battery and then disconnected from it. The slab is now taken out. It is observed that,
(a) the potential difference across the capacitor is reduced.
(b) the potential difference across the capacitor is increased
(c) the energy stored in the capacitor is reduced.
(d) the external agent does no work in taking the slab out
acquired by C 2 is C1 C2 C3 E
Q Q
(a) Q (b) (c) (d) 2Q
2 4
57. Two identical capacitor, have the same capacitance C. one of them is charged to potential V1 and the
other to V2 . The negative ends of the capacitors are connected together. When the positive ends are
also connected , the decrease in energy of the combined system is
1 1 1 2 1 2
(a) C V12 V2 2 (b) C V12 V2 2 (c) C V1 V2 (d) C V1 V2
4 4 4 4
58. One plate of a capacitor is connected to a spring as shown in figure. Area of both the plates is A. If
4d
steady state separation between the plates is (spring was unstretched and the distance between the
5
plates was d when the capacitor was uncharged). The force constant of the spring is approximately
0AV
2 4 0AV 4 0AV2 6 0V2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2d3
d2 d3 Ad3
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59. An infinite ladder of capacitors each 1 F is made as shown in figure. The capacitance between A
and B in F is
B
60. In the given arrangement of the capacitors, one 3 F capacitor has got 600 J of energy. Then the
potential difference across 2 F capacitor
3 F
is3 F 3 F
A B
2 F 6 F
(a) 15 V (b) 30 V (c) 45 V (d) 60 V
61. Two capacitors C1 and C 2 in a circuit are joined as shown in figure. The potentials of points A and
B are V1 and V2 respectively, then the potential of point D will be
A B
V1 D V2
C1 C2
62. The capacitance of two conductors are C1 and C 2 and their respectively potentials are V1 and V2 .
If they are connected by a thin wire, then the loss of energy will be
C C V V2 C C V V2
(a) 2 1 1 (b) 1 2 1
2 C1 C2 2 C1 C 2
2
C1C2 V V2 C1 C2 V1 V2
(c) (d)
2 C1 C2 C1C2
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64. Figure (A) shows two capacitors connected in series and connected by a battery. The graph (B) shows
the variation of potential as one moves from left to right on the branch containing the capacitor. Then
(a) C1 C2 (b) C1 C2
(c) C1 C2 (d) C1 and C 2 cannot be compared
65. In the circuit given below, the charge in C , on the capacitor having capacity 5 F is
2 F
3 F
e d
5 F
f c
4 F
a + - b
6V
(a) 4.5 (b) 9 (c) 7 (d) 15
66. An infinite number of capacitors, having capacitances 1 F,2 F,4 F,8 F……..are connected in
series. The equivalent capacitance of the system is
(a) infinite (b) 0.25 F (c) 0.5 F (d) 2 F
67. Separation between the plates of a parallel plate capacitor is d and the area if each plate is A . When
a slab of material of dielectric constant K and thickness t d is introduced between the plates, its
capacitance becomes
(a) AA (b) 0A (c) 0A (d) 0A
1 1 1 1
d t 1 d t 1 d t 1 d t 1
K K K K
68. A system of three parallel plates, each of area A, are separated by distances d1 and d2 . The space
between them is filled with dielectrics of permittivity 1 and 2. The permittivity of free space is 0.
The equivalent capacitance of the system is
1 2A 1 2 0A 0A 0A
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 d1 1d 2 1d1 2d 2 1d1 2d 2 1d 2 2 d1
69. The effective capacitance of combination of equal capacitors between points A and B shown in figure
is
c c
cc c
c c B
cc c
c c
C
(a) C (b) 2 C (c) 3 C (d)
2
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70. Consider the arrangement of three plates X,Y , and Z each of the area A and separation d . The
energy stored when the plates are fully charged is
X V
d
Y
d
Z
2
0 AV
2
0 AV 2 0AV 2 3 0 AV 2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2d d d 2d
A B
4 F 4 F 4 F
4 F 2 F 2 F
10V
73. The charge flowing through the cell on closing the key K is equal to
K
C
C
V
CV 3CV CV
(a) (b) 4CV (c) (d)
4 4 3
74. A battery E is connected in series to an ammeter and a voltmeter such that the respective readings are
A and V. Now a resistance is joined in parallel with the voltmeter. Then
(a) A increases, V decreases (b) A decreases, V increases
(c) A and V both decreases (d) A and V both increases
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75. A long conductor of charge q, with charge density is moving with a velocity 2v parallel to its own
axis. The conventional current due to motion of conductor is I. Then
q
(a) I (b) I 2 v (c) I v (d) I 3 v
t
76. An ideal battery is connected to a capacitor through a voltmeter. The reading V of the voltmeter is
plotted against time t. The V-t graph for this is given by
V V
(a) (b)
t t
V V
(c) t
(d)
t
77. In the circuit shown each battery is 5V and has an internal resistance of 0.2 . The reading of the
voltmeter is V. Then V equals
A B
A
(a) the readings of both the ammeter and the voltmeter remain constant
(b) the readings of both the ammeter and the voltmeter increase
(c) the reading of the ammeter remains constant but that of the voltmeter increases
(d) the reading of the ammeter remains constant but that of the voltmeter decreases
79. Two resistances R1 and R 2 are made of different materials. The temperature coefficient of the
material of R1 is and that of material of R 2 is . The resistance of the series combination of R1
R
and R 2 will not charge with temperature if 1 equals
R2
2 2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2
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80. In the circuit shown in figure, with steady current, the potential drop across the capacitor must be
V
V R
2V 2R
V V 2V
(a) V (b) (c) (d)
2 3 3
81. A cell has an emf of 1.5 V. When short circuited, it gives a current of 3 A. The internal resistance of
the cell is
1
(a) 0.5 (b) 2.0 (c) 4.5 (d)
4.5
82. The equivalent resistance between A and B (of the circuit shown) is
7
A
6
3
B
4
a
(a) 4.5 O
x
8 4
A B
2 6
6
4 3 24 17
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3 4 17 24
84. A voltmeter of range 1 V has a resistance of 1000 . To extend the range to 10 V, the additional
series resistance required is
1000
(a) (b) 1000 (c) 9000 (d) 10000
9
85. A primary cell has an emf of 1.5 V. When a 5 resistor is connected across it, the current is 0.2 A.
The internal resistance of the cell is
(a) 0.5 (b) 1.25 (c) 2.5 (d) 3.0
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86. In the circuit shown, the voltmeter has a large resistance. The emf of the cell is E. The reading of the
voltmeter is
6 4
+
- E
4 6
E E E
(a) ZERO (b) (c) (d)
10 5 2
R R
87. A battery of internal resistance 4 is connected to the
network of resistances as shown. In order that the maximum
power can be delivered to the network, the value of R in R 6R R
should be E
R 4R
4
(a) (b) 2 4
9
8
(c) (d) 18
3
88. A block of metal is made in the cuboid form with all edges of unequal length. The shortest length is
one third the longest one. If R max and Rmin are the maximum and minimum resistance between
parallel faces then,
R R R
(a) max 4 (b) max 9 (c) max 3 (d) Data Insufficient
R min R min R min
89. The circuit diagram shown consist of a large number of elements (each element has two resistors R1
1
and R 2 ). The resistances of the resistors in each subsequent element differs by a factor of k
2
from the resistances of the resistors in the previous elements. The equivalent resistance between A
and B shown in figure is
R1 kR 1 k 2 R1 k 3R1 k 4 R1
A
R2 kR 2 k2R 2 k 3R 2 k4R 2
R1 R 2 R1 R 2 6R1R 2
(a) (b)
2 2
2 2
R1 R 2 R 1 R 2 6R 1R 2
(c) (d) None of these
2
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90. In the circuit shown in figure, the current through
3 A 2 B 2
I
9V 8 8 4
2 D 2 C 2
91. In a balanced Wheatstone bridge shown, if the positions of the battery E and the galvanometer G are
interchanged, then G will show zero deflection
R1 R2
R4 R3
R1 R 2
(a) only if (b) only if R1 R 3 and R 2 R 4.
R3 R 4
(c) only if all the resistances are equal. (d) in all cases
92. A cell develops the same power across two resistors r1 and r2 when connected separately. If r is the
internal resistance of the cell then
1 1
(a) r r1r2 (b) r r1r2 (c) r r1r2 (d) r r1 r2
2 2
93. A uniform conductor has its two free ends joined to a cell of emf E and some non zero internal
resistance. Consider a point P right at the middle of the conductor. Let us now move away from the
midpoint of the conductor in the direction of the current and then return to P. During this process we
study the variation of the potential V at every point on the path and then plot it against the distance
covered (x). The curve that best represents the variation of V with x is
v
v
(a) (b)
E
E
x
x
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v v
(c) (d)
<E <E
x x
94. The circuit shown here is used to compare the e.m.f.’s of the cells E1 and E 2 E1 E 2 . When the
galvanometer is connected to E1 , the null point is at C. When the galvanometer is connected to E2 ,
The null point will be
C
A B
E1
E2 G
(a) to the left of C (b) to the right of C (c) at C itself (d) no where on AB
95. In the given circuit, the ammeter A, assumed to have negligible resistance, reads 0.1 A. The value of
R is
12 V R
20
A
50 30
96. A 100 W bulb B1 and two 60 W bulbs B 2 and B3 are connected to a 250 V source as shown in
figure. Now W1 , W2 and W3 are the output powers of the bulbs B1 , B2 and B3 respectively. Then
B1 B2
B3
250 V
(a) W1 W2 W3 (b) W1 W2 > W3 (c) W1 <W2 W3 (d) W1 <W2 <W3
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97. A circuit is connected as shown in the figure with the switch S open. When the switch is closed, the
total amount of charge that flows from Y to X is
3 F 6 F
X
3 Y 6
9V
98. In the circuit shown in figure switch S is thrown to position 1 at t = 0. When the current in the resistor
is 1 A it is then shifted to position 2. The heat generated in the circuit after shifting to position 2 is
10 V
1 5
S
2 25 F
5V
(a) zero (b) 625 J (c) 1250 J (d) none of these
1. A dielectric slab of thickness d is inserted in a parallel plate capacitor whose negative plate is at x = 0
and positive plate is at x =3d. The slab is equidistant from the plates. The capacitor is given some
charge. As x goes from 0 to 3d
(a) the magnitude of the electric field remains the same
(b) the direction of the electric field remains the same
(c) the electric potential increases continuously
(d) the electric potential increases at first, then decreases and again increases.
2. A metal sphere of radius R1 has a charge Q1. It is enclosed by a conducting spherical shell of radius
R2 that has a charge Q2.
R2
R1
Q1
-Q2
Q1 Q2
(a) the potential V1 of the inner surface is k
R1 R2
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Q1 Q 2
(b) the potential V2 of the outer surface is k
R2
1 1
(c) the potential difference V1 V2 is kQ1
R1 R2
(d) if Q1 = 0 then V1 = V2
3. Two concentric shells have radii R and 2R charges qA and qB and potentials 2V and (3/2)V
respectively if potential at infinity is zero. Now shell B is earthed and let charges on them become
q 'A and q 'B . Then
A B
(1) qA / qB 1/ 2
(2) q 'A / q 'B 1/ 2
(3) potential of A after earthing becomes (3/2)V
(4) potential difference between A and B after earthing becomes V/2.
4. Voltmeter and ammeter shown in circuit diagram are ideal, then the correct statements are
5. A thin conducting rod AB is introduced in between the two charges q 1 and q2 as shown in figure. For
this situation mark the correct statement(s)
(A) The total force experienced by q 1 is vector sum of electric force experienced by +q1 due to -q2
and due to induced charges on rod.
(B) The end A will become negatively charged
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(C) The total magnitude of force acting on +q 1 will be greater than as compared to the case without
rod
(D) The total magnitude of force acting on -q 2 will be greater than as compared to the case without
rod
6. A thin metallic spherical shell contains a charge Q over it. A point charge +q is placed inside the shell
at point T separated from the centre by distance a. Another point charge q1 is placed outside the shell
at a distance b from the centre as shown in the adjacent figure. Now select the correct statement(s)
from the following.
(A) Electric field at the centre due to charge over outer surface of the shell is zero.
q1
(B) Electric field at the centre due to charge over outer surface of the shell is
4 o b2
1 q q Q q1
(C) Electric potential at the centre due to all charges in space is
4 o a R R b
1 q Q q1
(D) Electric potential at the centre due to all charges in space is
4 o a R b
7. Electric potential V due to a spherically symmetric charge system varies with distance r as shown in
Q Q
figure Given V= for r ro and V = for r ro which of the following statements are
4 o ro 4 or
true?
8. Two resistances R1 3.0 0.1 and R2 6.0 0.2 are to be joined together.
(A) The maximum resistance obtainable is 9.0 0.3
(B) The maximum resistance obtainable is 9.0 0.2
(C) The minimum resistance obtainable is 2.0 0.3
(D) The minimum resistance obtainable is 2.0 0.07
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9. A resistor and an inductor in series are connected to a battery through a switch. After the switch is
closed (at t = 0)
L
(A) joule heat dissipation in the resistor changes at fastest rate at t ( n 2)
R
(B) when the rate of increase of magnetic energy stored in the coil is at maximum, current in the
V
circuit is
2R
(C) power dissipated in resistor increases continuously but rate of change of power initially increases,
it later reaches a maximum, and beyond a point decreases to zero
V
(D) the fastest increase of current takes place at I=
2R
10. Two bulbs consume same power when operated at 200V and 300V respectively when the bulbs are
connected in series across a D.C source of 500V, then
(A) ratio of potential difference across them is 3/2
(B) ratio of potential difference across them is 4/9
(C) ratio of power consumed across them is 4/9
(D) ratio of power consumed across them is 2/3
11. The adjacent figure shows a resistance network with value of each resistance R. The equivalent
resistance across ‘A and B’, ‘A and C’ and ‘C and B’ are RAB, RAC and RCB respectively then
12. A short electric dipole is placed in the electric field due to a point charge. Then
(A) The dipole must experience a force (B) The dipole may experience a force
(C) The dipole must experience a torque (D) The dipole may experience a torque
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13. In the circuit shown
14. Consider two large, identical, parallel conducting plates have surfaces X and Y, facing each other.
The charge per unit area on X is 1 and charge per unit surface area on Y is 2 . Then,
(a) 1 2 , only if a charge is given to either X or Y
(b) 1 2 0 if equal charges are given to both X and Y
(c) 1 2 if X is given a charge more than that given to Y
(d) 1 2 in all cases
15. X, Y and Z are parallel plates. Y is given some positive charge. Two X Y Z
electrons A and B start with zero initial velocity from X and Z A B
respectively and reach Y in time t and T respectively.
2d d
(a) t = T (b) t 2T
(c) 2t T (d) t = 2T
16. Two charges Q1 and Q 2 are placed at the points A and B having separation r lying inside and
outside the uncharged conducting shell. The force on Q 1 is F and that on Q 2 is f . Then
1 Q1Q2 1 Q1Q 2
(a) F 0 (b) F 2
(c) f (d) f 0
4 0 r 4 0 r2
17. In a parallel plate capacitor, the potential difference between the plates is V. A particle of mass m
and charge Q leaves the negative plate and reaches the positive plate at distance d in time t with a
momentum P . Then
md 2 2md 2
(a) p mQV (b) p 2mQV (c) t (d) t
QV QV
B
18. Two concentric shells A and B have radii R and 2R , charges q A and q B
A
3V
and potentials 2V and respectively. Now, the shell B is earthed and the
2
new charges on them become q 'A and q'B. Then
qA 1
(a)
qB 2
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q 'A
(b) 1
q 'B
3V
(c) Potential difference between A and B after earthling becomes
2
V
(d) Potential difference between A and B after earthling becomes
2
19. A spherical conductor A lies inside a hollow spherical conductor B. Charges Q1 and Q 2 are given
to A and B respectively.
(a) Charge Q1 will appear on the outer surface of A.
(b) Charge Q 2 will appear on the outer surface of B .
(c) Charge Q1 will appear on the inner surface of B.
(d) Charge Q1 Q2 will appear on the outer surface of B.
20. Two identical charges each having a charge Q are fixed at a separation 2 a . A small particle P
having a charge of magnitude q placed midway between them. Now, P is given a displacement
a , such that it undergoes simple harmonic motion. For this, we have the following q,
combinations.
(a) positive , along the line joining the two identical charges.
(b)positive perpendicular to the line joining the two identical charges
(c) negative, perpendicular to the line joining the two identical charges
(d) negative, along the line joining the two identical charges
22. A few electric field lines for a system of two charges Q1 and Q 2
fixed at two different points on the x axis are shown in the figure.
These lines suggest that
(a) Q1 Q 2 (b) Q1 Q 2
(c) at a finite distance to the left of Q1 the electric field is zero
(d) at a finite distance to the right of Q 2 the electric field is zero
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A
23. A particle of mass m and charge q is fastened to one end of a string of E
length l . The other end of the string is fixed to the point O . The whole
system lies on a frictionless horizontal plane. Initially, the mass is at rest
at A . A uniform electric field in the direction shown is then switched
on. Then 60
B
O
2qEl
(a) the speed of the particle when it reaches B is
m
qEl
(b) the speed of the particle when it reaches B is
m
(c) the tension in the string when particles reaches at B is qE
(d) the tension in the string when the particle reaches at B is 2qE
24. Consider an air filled parallel plate capacitor with one plate connected to a spring having a force
constant k and the other plate is held fixed. The system rests on frictionless table top. The plates have
charge density and , area A, charges Q and Q. The electrostatic force due to the electric field
created by the plate b is Fe and the spring gets an extension x . Then
k
ab
Q QE Q2 Q2
(a) Fe (b) x (c) x (d) Fe
2 0 k 2 0 kA 2kA 0
4 C2
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27. In the figure shown, charges on capacitors C1, C2 and C 3 are Q1,Q2 and Q 3 respectively. Then
C2 2 F
C1 4 F
C3 3 F
+ -
9V
C
28. In the diagram shown, we have three large identical, parallel conducting A B
plates A,B and C placed such that the switches S1 and S2 are open initially
and they can be used to earth the plates A and C by just closing them. A d
2d
charge Q is given to the plate B . It is observed that a charge of amount
(a) Q will pass through S1 , when S1 is closed and S2 is open S1 S2
29. In a parallel plate capacitor of plate area A, plate separation d and charge q , the force of attraction
between the plates is F.
1 1
(a) F q 2 (b) F d (c) F (d) F
d A
30. Consider a capacitor C that is charged by a battery of emf V to a potential V. The capacitor is then
disconnected from the battery and the connected again with it but now with its polarity reversed.
Then the
(a) work done by the battery is CV 2
(b) total charged that passes through battery is 2CV
(c) initial and final energy of the capacitor is same
(d) work done is by the battery is 2CV 2
32. Two capacitors , C 2 Fand C2 8 F are connected in series across a 300V source. Then
(a) the charges on each capacitor is 4.8 10 4 C (b) the potential difference across C1 is 60V
(c) the potential difference across C 2 is 240V (d) the energy stored in the system is 7.2 10 2 J
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33. A parallel plate capacitor is connected to a battery. The quantities charge, voltage, electric field and
energy associated with this capacitor are given by Q0 , V0 , E 0 and u0 respectively. A dielectric slab
is now introduced to fill the space between the plates with the battery still in connection. The
corresponding quantities now given by Q,V,E n and u are related to the previous ones as
(a) Q Q0 (b) V V0 (c) E E0 (d) u u0
34. In the given circuit, the potential difference across the 7 F capacitor is
6V . Then 12 F
35. In the circuit shown, the battery is ideal and has an emf E = 2 V. The resistance of the coil of the
galvanometer G is 1 . The current that flows through the galvanometer G is I, the potential
difference across the capacitors C1 and C 2 , in steady state is V1 and V2 respectively. Then
8 C2 10 F
G 2
C1 8 F 10
4V
1
(a) I = 0 (b) I A (c) V1 1.6V (d) V2 2.4 V
5
36. A voltmeter and an ammeter having resistance R V and R A respectively are connected in series to an
ideal battery of emf E. The voltmeter reading is V, the ammeter reading is I, the potential difference
across the ammeter is VA and the total resistance of the circuit is R. Which of the following
statements(s) seem to be correct?
V E
(a) V E (b) R V (c) VA E V (d) R A R V
I I
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38. For the circuit shown in the figure
I R1
2k
24 V 6k R2 R L 1.5 k
20 C R
A B
K
5 D 20
(a) R 80
(b) No current flows through K when it is closed
(c) The powers dissipated in R and in the 5 resistor are always equal
(d) The powers dissipated in the two 20 resistors are unequal
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C R
42. In the circuit shown, that contains a capacitor C and a resistor R, the
capacitor C is uncharged initially. When the terminal X is joined to the
terminal Y for a long time, it is observed that a heat H1 is produced in
Y
the resistor. When the terminal X is joined to the terminal Z, again for a
long time, it is observed that a heat H 2 is produced in the resistor. Also, Z
energy supplied by the battery during the process of charging is H. Then X
H
(a) H1 H 2 (b) H1 H2 2H
2
(c) H1 H2 H (d) The maximum energy stored in C at any time is H1
44. A microammeter has a resistance of 100 and a full scale range of 50 A . It can be used as a
voltmeter of as a higher range ammeter provided a resistance is added to it. Pick the correct range and
resistance combination(s).
(a) 50 V range with 10k resistance in series.
(b) 10 V range with 200k resistance in series.
(c) 5 mA range with 1 resistance in parallel.
(d) 10 mA range with 1 resistance in parallel
C R
45. In the circuit shown, when the switch is closed, the capacitor
R
charges with a time constant t1 and when the switch is opened
(after the capacitor has been charged) then the capacitor + -
discharges with a time constant t 2 . Then
t 1 t
(a) 1 (b) t1 t 2 3RC (c) 1 1 (d) t1 t 2 2RC
t2 2 t2
46. A battery of e.m.f. E and internal resistance r is connected to a variable resistor R as shown. Which
one of the following is true?
E r
(a) Potential difference across the terminals of the battery is maximum when R = r
(b) Power delivered to resistor is maximum when R = r
(c) Current in the circuit is maximum when R = r
(d) Current in the circuit is maximum when R >>r
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1. Two identical charged spheres are suspended by strings of equal length. The strings make an angle of
300 with each other. When suspended in a liquid of density 0.8 gm/c.c., the angle remains the same.
What is the dielectric constant of liquid? (Density of material sphere is 1.6 gm/cc.)
2. In the circuit shown in the adjacent diagram initially switch K1 is closed and switch K2 is open. After
long time, K2 is also closed. The current through the cell of emf E immediately after K2 is closed is
XE
. Find X.
11R
3. A battery of e.m.f. 10 V and internal resistance 2 is connected in primary circuit with a 100 cm
long uniform potentiometer wire and a rheostat whose resistance is fixed at 998 . A battery of
unknown e.m.f. E is being balanced on this potentiometer wire and balancing length is found to be 50
cm. When area of cross section of potentiometer wire is doubled, then balancing length is found to be
n
75 cm. Area of cross-section (initially) is 100 cm2. If the e.m.f of the battery E= Volts, Find n.
2
2 F 8 F 4 F
2 F b
2. A parallel plate capacitor is maintained at a certain potential difference. When a 3mm thick slab is
introduced between the plates, in order to maintain the same potential difference, the distance
between the plates is increased by 2.4mm. Find the dielectric constant of the slab.
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3. The emf of a storage battery is 90 V before charging and 100 V after charging. When charging began
the current was 10 A. What is current, in ampere, at the end of charging if the internal resistance of
the storage battery during the whole process of charging may be taken as constant and equal to 2 ?
3 F
3 F
A C
D
6 F
E 10 V
5. The circuit in figure consists of two identical parallel metal plates connected by identical metal
springs to a 100V battery. With the switch open, the plates are uncharged, are separated by a distance
d 8mm and have a capacitance C 2 F . When the switch is closed, the distance between the
plates decreases by a factor of half.
d
k k
S
+ -
V
(a) How much charge, in C , collects on each plate?
(b) What is the spring constant, in Nm 1 , for each spring?
6. Each capacitor in the combination shown in figure has a breakdown voltage of 16V . What is the
breakdown voltage, in V, of the combination?
20 F 20 F
10 F
20 F 20 F
7. Find the potential difference, in volt, between point M and N of the system shown, if the emf is equal
C
to E 110V and the capacitance ratio 2 is 2.
C1
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8. In the circuit of figure, determine the current, in ampere, in each resistor and the voltage across the
200 resistor.
1
9. Two wires of different materials x and y have resistances per unit lengths, 100 km ,
1 o 1 o 1
50 km and temperature coefficients 0.0025 C , 0.00075 C respectively. It is desired
1
to make a coil having 1000
o
resistance and a temperature coefficient of 0.001 C by using
suitable lengths of the two wires in series. Calculate their respective lengths in metre.
CENTERS : MUMBAI /DELHI /AKOLA /LUCKNOW /NASHIK /PUNE /NAGPUR /BOKARO /DUBAI # 128
SINGLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
11. (B) 12. (C) 13. (C) 14. (A) 15. (D)
16. (A) 17. (B) 18. (D) 19. (D) 20. (A)
21. (B) 22. (D) 23. (A) 24. (D) 25. (A)
26. (A) 27. (B) 28. (B) 29. (B) 30. (D)
31. (C) 32. (D) 33. (A) 34. (B) 35. (A)
36. (D) 37. (A) 38. (D) 39. (C) 40. (A)
41. (B) 42. (C) 43. (A) 44. (B) 45. (D)
46. (D) 47. (C) 48. (A) 49. (A) 50. (B)
51. (B) 52. (C) 53. (C) 54. (B) 55. (C)
56. (B) 57. (C) 58. (C) 59. (C) 60. (C)
61. (C) 62. (C) 63. (C) 64. (B) 65. (B)
66. (C) 67. (C) 68. (A) 69. (B) 70. (B)
71. (D) 72. (B) 73. (A) 74. (A) 75. (B)
76. (C) 77. (D) 78. (C) 79. (D) 80. (C)
81. (A) 82. (A) 83. (A) 84. (C) 85. (C)
86. (C) 87. (B) 88. (B) 89. (C) 90. (D)
91. (D) 92. (B) 93. (D) 94. (A) 95. (B)
11. (ACD) 12. (AD) 13. (BCD) 14. (A,C) 15. (D)
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16. (A,C) 17. (B,D) 18. (A,D) 19. (A,C,D) 20. (A,C)
21. (B,C) 22. (A,D) 23. (B,D) 24. (A,B,C) 25. (B,C)
26. (A,D) 27. (A,C,D) 28. (A,B,C) 29. (A,D) 30. (B,C,D)
31. (A,D) 32. (A,D) 33. (A,D) 34. (A,C,D) 35. (B, D)
36. (A, B, C, D) 37. (A, C) 38. (A, D) 39. (C, D) 40. (A, B, C)
46. (B, C)
INTEGER
SUBJECTIVE
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ELECTROSTATICS & CAPACITORS, CURRENT ELECTRICITY
(SOLUTIONS)
1 2
V
q C
2
4 0 RV
2
q 1 1
4 0 R 2R
VR 1 V
2 2R 4
q1 1 1
V0
4 0 r 2R R
q 1 1
4 0 r 2R
4. (1)
Induced charge on inner surface of the hollow sphere will be -2Q therefore charge on the outer
surface of the hollow sphere will be (-Q) – (-2Q) = +Q.
5. (3)
At x1 = +5 m, E = 2x104(8 – 5) = 6x104 V/m
qE 200 10 6 6 104
Initial acceleration, f = 2.4 m/s2
m 5
Equilibrium position is given by qE = 0 or x0 = +8 m (Position of maximum speed)
Force is varying linearly with x therefore motion will be SHM with amplitude x0 – x1 = 8 - 5 = 3 m
The other extreme position will be x2 = x0 + a = 8 + 3 = +11 m
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6. (a)
Imagine ‘q’ to be placed at the centre of a cube of side L then base of the pyramid will become one
q
face of that cube. Therefore, magnetic flux through the base, base
6 0
q
Flux through the pyramid is zero, therefore flux through all the four slanted faces will be
6 0
1 q q
Therefore, flux through a slanted face will be
4 6 0 24 0
7. Q1 CV,Q2 2C 2V 4CV . Since the capacitors are connected in parallel, the common
potential is (because the plates of opposite polarity are connected together)
Q 2 Q1 4CV CV
V' V
C1 C 2 C 2C
C' C1 C2 3C
1 3
Energy stored C ' V '2 CV 2
2 2
8. Field at B
(Q / 2) (Q / 2) Q
2A 0 2A 0 2A 0
q q
+ S +
6 F 3 F
+ +
q + q0 q + q0
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q q0 (q q0 ) (q q 0 )
0
2 10 6 6 10 6 3 10 6
3q 3q0 q q0 2q 2q0 0
q0 = 0
10. (A)
P
P'
PP ' 2r
r
45
C1 a C2 C1C2 a
E 4iˆ 3 y 2 2 ˆj
net will be through shaded area only
net q 0
q
3 O2 2 12 3 12 2 12
0
q 3 0
12. (C)
2 4V
10 V 8V 6 6V
8 2
10 8 4 2
A
i1 i2 i3 i4
O O O O O
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8 2 2 6
r r1 r2 r3 r4
10 8 4 2
1.95 A reading =1.95A
13. (c)
For, z = 0, Ez = 0
dy y
dx 2x dy dx
2
y x
y2 x = constant
14. (a)
Take PQ as the x axis and PA as the y axis. Consider two
elements EF and E’F’ of width d at angular distance at F + A
E ++
angular distance above and below PO, respectively
+
The magnitude of the filed at P due to either element is +
+
1 rd Q r 2 Q + P O
dE 2 2 2
d - dE cos
4 0 r 2 0r - dE sin
Resolving the fields, we find that the components along PO sum E'
- dE sin
up to zero and hence, the resultant field is along PB. dE F' --
B
Therefore, field at P due to pair of elements 2d E sin
2 2 Q Q
E 2d E sin 2 sin d
0 0 2 2 2
2 0r 0r E
15. (d)
dr
E.A 300 units
dA
E E E dr
2 0 2 0
2
F
P
dA 2 0
2
Force P R2 R2
2 0
2
Q 2
R 2
Q 2 20 10 6 9 109
2 4
2000 N
16 R 2 0 32 0R 2 8 1.5 10 2
2
16. (a)
17. (b)
Net flux is due to charge inside S only
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18. (d)
2K
R
K /R K
R
K
K
R
R
Net field at centre = zero
19. (d)
R1 v0/ k R1 v0 / k 2
v0 P
R2 R2
O O
Using nodal at point P
v0 v0 v0 v0
v0 0
k k k2 k 0
R1 R1 R2
2
R1 k 2 2k 1 k 1
R2 k k
20. (a)
B
vB vA E.dL
A
21. (b)
22. (d)
Time const. = 3RC
In steady state, potential drop = v
3
CV t
Q 1 e 3RC
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23. (a)
Initially Finally
2 C 4 C
2V 4V
2 C 4 C
Wbattery 4V 2 4 8 J
2 2
4 2
Energy absorbed by capacitor = 6 J
2 2
Heat produced = 2 J
24. (d)
2R I/2
I RA 3R I/3
6R I/6
I A : I B : I C : ID
I I I
I: : : 6 :1: 2 : 3
6 3 2
25. (a)
A
C 0
; Q CV
x
dQ dC dC dx
i V V
dt dt dt dt
A
i V 0
2
a sin t
x
EAa
Amplitude of current I 0
d02
26. (a)
KP1
Field due to P1 at P2 =
r3
kp1 ˆ 3kp1p 2 ˆ
Force on P2 P2
r r3 r4
27. (b)
A
II
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KQ
Net field due to part I and II at A 2
2R
1 1 4 3
EI E II R
A A
4 0 4R 2 3
R
E II E
A
12 0
PR
EI E
B
12 0
28. (b)
Resistance of 0.6 m of wire 0.6 5
=3
2 3
3 6 10
5 R
5 R 1000 R 995
29. (b)
x v1 x v2 x v3
0
R1 R2 R3
1 1 1 v1 v2 v3
x
R R2 R3 R1 R2 R3
1
v1 v2 v3 1 1 1
x
R1 R2 R3 R1 R2 R3
30. (d)
31. (c)
Net acc of block down the incline is
g a0 3qE 1 3qE
a a g a0 a
2 2m 2 m
qE
m g a 0 cos 30
ma 0 q E sin 30
30
h 1 2
Now at
sin 30 2
qE 8h 2h
2h 14 g a 0 3 t2 t t 2
m qE qE
g a0 3 g a0 3
m m
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32. (d)
The net force F on the particle towards O is the cause of acceleration a .
Y
+Q
F0
L
q
X
O
F 0
L
+Q
F 2F0 cos
2 qQ x Qq x
F 32
4 0 x2 2
x2 2 2 0 x2 2
33. (a)
If charges were placed at all the corners, the field at the centre would be zero. Hence, the field at the
centre due to any one charge is equal(and opposite) to the field due to all the other n 1 charges.
34. (b)
Since the potential function is not defined for an infinite conducting sheet, hence to solve this
problem we either calculate potential difference or use force equations
Electric field due to an infinite dielectric sheet
E1
2 0
Electric field at the axis of a disc of radius R is
x
E2 1
2 0 x2 R 2
The resultant electric field is given by
x
E E1 E 2
2 0 x2 R2
Force on an electron is
ex dv ex
F eE F mv
2 x2 R2 dx 2 x2 R2
0 0
v 0
e x mv 2 e 0
eR
m v dv dx x2 R2 v
0
2 0 3R x2 R2 2 2 0 3R m 0
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35. (a)
rf
Vf Vi log
2 0 ri
52 12 2 13
V log e V loge
2 0 12 22 42 2 0 5
36. (d)
Q 1 1 1 Q 1 1
V0 V0
4 0 r 2R R 4 0 r 2R
37. (a)
Each of the charged sphere will have potential energy due to its own charge or self energy
1 q2
U1
8 0 r
The mutual potential energy stored in one sphere in the elastic field of the other is
q1q 2 1 q2
U2 U2
4 0r12 4 0 R
Therefore the P.E. stored in the system of spheres is
q2 1 1
U 2U1 U 2
4 0 R r
38. (d)
At the surface of the charged sphere, whether it consists of a single piece or two pieces close
together, the electric field strength from Gauss’s Law is
1 Q
E
4 0 R2
Q
The electric charge per unit surface area is
4 R2
1
This electric field exerts a force F E Q on the charge Q A which resides on a surface of
2
1
area A , as illustrated in figure. The reason for the factor of is that the electric field strength is E
2
E
at the outer surface of the sphere and zero inside and hence its average value comes out to be . The
2
force per unit exerted by the charges on the pieces of the sphere is therefore
F Q2
P
A 32 2 0R 4
The required force can be considered to be analogous to the force with which a liquid having a
pressure P would push apart the two pieces of the sphere and this force is also the product of P and
the cross-sectional area of the intersection of the plane and sphere.
CENTERS: MUMBAI /DELHI /AKOLA /LUCKNOW /NASHIK /PUNE /NAGPUR /BOKARO /DUBAI # 139
R
x
So, F pa p x2 F p R2 h2
Hence if follows that the two parts of the sphere can be held together by a force
Q2
F 4
R 2 h2
32 0 R
39. (c)
At any point over the spherical Gaussian surface, net electric field is the vector sum of electric fields
due to q1, q1 and q 2 .
40. (a)
F F
2
2
R2
Electrostatics repulsive force: Fele R2 F Fele
2 0 2 0
41. (b)
Q Mg A 0
qE Mg q Mg q Mg q
0 A 0 Q
42. (c)
Consider an element of length dx , carrying a charge dq at a distance x from O . Then, by definition
dq dx
dq
O
x2 x
dq 0 dx dx
L
O L 2
L3 0L
dq 0
x 2 dx Q 0 Q
O
L O
L 3 3
43. (a)
Since the spring is metallic so the charge distributes equally on P
Q
both the blocks. Hence a charge resides on each block, due
2
to which the blocks will repel each other with a force given by xD l
Q Q
C
1 2 2 O l
F k L L0
4 0 L2 l/ 2
Solving for Q A l B
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Q 2L 4 0k L L0
3L 0
Substituting L , we get Q 3L0 2 0L0
2
44. (b)
The force due to one charge on the charge at P is shown here. When all the forces are taken in to
account, then the sine component cancel each other. So,
Fnet Fy 4Fcos
h Q 1 h
Since, we see that cos Fnet 4
2 2 2
h2 4 0 h2 h2
2 2 2
4Qh
Fnet (UPWARDS)
2 32
2
4 0 h
2
F cos
F
y
F sin
2
x h2
2 x
h
A O
2
For equilibrium of m , this Fnet must balance the weight of the particle mg (downwards)
4Qh
3
mg
2 2
4 0 h2
2
32
2
mg 0 2
Q h
h 2
45. (d)
m 2g 2 q 2E 2
a net
m
T 2 T 2
a net 2 qE
qE
g2
m
mg
46. (d)
Charge on the inner surface will be q and that on the outer surface will be zero so to make electric
field inside the conductor zero and potential of the surface to the zero.
47. (c)
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48. (a)
The motion of the charge will be like projectile with range
R V02 sin 2 R V02
AB 2 So,
2 a sin 2 a
V02
For minimum velocity, sin 2 1 R
a
R
q 4 3
qE 3 0 2 2 10 3 0 10 4 2
where a a 3
2 10 ms
m m 1 10 3 0
1
V0 0.02ms
49. (a)
U P.E and N p E
A
U is MINIMUM when 0 and for 0 N 0 q
50. (b)
q
F B
Electric field at the center due to the charges on opposite corners will
cancel each other. Therefore at the center net electric field will be due
to only that charge which does not has chare on the opposite corner.
1 q 1 q 1 q E C
E net
4 0 x 2 4 0 2a 2 16 0 a 2 q q
q
51. (b) D
In the region I and III net electric field is zero. In the region II net
electric field is
I II III
A B
E II and is uniform
2 0 2 0 0
52. (c)
Initially potential difference between the spheres is VA VB . Since earthing of B will make potential
of B zero but potential difference will not change because potential difference between two
concentric spheres depends only on the charge on the innersphere. Hence
Final Potential Difference Initial Potential Differences
VA' VB' VA VB VA' 0 VA VB VA' VA VB
53. (c)
Q2 Q3
Further , { By induction}
Q 2 2Q 2 Q2 Q2 Q 2 Q3
V V
C 2C 2C 2C
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54. (b)
55. (c)
The capacitance of the capacitor increases initially and then decreases and hence the positive charge
on plate A first increases and then decreases. Due to this the current in the outer circuit first flows
from B to A and then from A to B.
56. (b)
C C Q 2 C2 3Q 2 3C 2
C Q C
E E
E
57. (c)
1 C1C 2 1 C 2 1 2
Loss V1 V2 Loss V1 V2 C V1 V2
2 C1 C 2 2 2 3
58. (c)
During electrostatic equilibrium. Electrostatic attraction between the plates spring force
q2
kx
2 0A
2
CV 4d
k d q CV
2 0A 5
2
0A
V2
4d
2
5 0 AV 4 0 AV 2
0.2 kd k
2 0A 0.256d3 d3
59. (c)
A 1
C AB X
X 1
B
X 1
1 X
X 1
X X2 1 X2 X 1 0
1 5 1 2.236 32
X X X X 1.6 F
2 2 2
60. (c)
The 3 F capacitor has energy 600 J
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1 6
600 10 3 10 6 V02 V0 20 V VAB 3V0 60V
2
This is 60 V has to divide in between 2 F and 6 F in the inverse ratio of their capacitance i.e 3 :1
3
So, V2 F 60V 45V
3 1
61. (c)
62. (c)
On connecting, let V be the common potential. Then, by Law of Conservation of Charge
Qinitial Qfinal
C1V1 C2 V2
C1V1 C2V2 C1V C2V V
C1 C2
If Ei be total initial energy and E r be the total final energy. Then,
Loss Ei Ef
1 1 1 1 C1C2 2
Loss C1V12 C 2 V22 C1 C 2 V 2 Loss V1 V2
2 2 2 2 C1 C 2
We get above result by putting value of V and then solving
63. (c)
C C C
Cp C ......
2 4 8
1
CP C CP 2C 2 F
1
1
2
64. (b)
When we move from left to right the voltage increases and this increase is just within is just within
the capacitors and remains constant in the conducting wires. Also for series combination
1
V
C
C1 C2
65. (b)
Potential difference across the branch de is 6 V
Net capacitance of de branch is 2.1 F
So, q CV
q 2.1 6 C
q 12.6 C
Potential across 3 F capacitance is
12.6
V 4.2volt
3
Potential across 2 and 5 combination in parallel is 6 4.2 1.8 V
So, q' 1.8 5 9 C
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66. (c)
1 1 1 1 1
1 ...... 2 Cs 0.5 F
Cs 2 4 Cs 1
1
2
67. (c)
C 0A C 0A
1 1
d t 1 d t 1
K K
68. (a)
1 2 A
A
d1 d2
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 d1 d2 A 1 2
Cs
Cs C1 C2 Cs 1A 2A Cs A 1 2 2d1 1d 2
d1 d2
69. (b)
C C
A C C B
C C
C C
The figure shows two independent balanced Wheatstone Bridges connected in parallel each having a
capacitance C. so, Cnet CAB 2C
70. (b)
Equivalent capacitance of the circuit
x y
Equivalent
Circuit
x y
V
0A
C 2
d
2
1 1 2 0A 0 AV
Energy stored U CV 2 U V2
2 2 d d
71. (d)
Since both free terminal are earthed, hence they being at same potential can be connected to given
the following equivalent circuit.
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Now, all three being in parallel between A and B, will given net capacitance as 10 F
72. (b)
The equivalent circuit is shown here for convenience
10 V
4 F 2 F
73. (A)
3C
In the circuit C net
4
3CV
When key K was open, charge stored in the capacitor was q initial
4
When key K is closed, capacitor 3C becomes short circuited and hence the new charge on C is
q final CV
So, charge flowing is
+ - + -
3C
V
q qfinal qinitial
3CV CV
q CV
4 4
74. (a)
Whenever a resistance is joined in parallel with the voltmeter, the total resistance of the circuit
decreases so that the current increases and hence ammeter reading also increases. The equivalent
resistance across the voltmeter decreases and hence its reading will decrease.
75. (b)
Convectional current is the current which is developed due to the transportation of charge.
q transported
t 2 v
t
76. (c)
This is basically an RC circuit, being charged from a battery. The resistance (R) of the voltmeter is
the resistance in the circuit. The voltage across R is
V = (Circuit Current )(Resistance) = Reading of the voltmeter (V)
Hence the nature of the V-t curve is the same as that of the I-t curve
77. (d)
78. (c)
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79. (d)
R1 R 2 Constant
R1 R 2 0 R1 R2
R1
R1 T R2 T
R2
80. (c)
In steady state the branch containing the capacitor can be omitted and hence current in the circuit is
2V V
I V R
R 2R 2
1
V
I I V C I
3R
For loop 36543 6 3
- +
VC V 2V I 2R 0
V 5 4
VC V 2V 2R
3R 2V 2R
2V V
VC V
3 3
81. (a)
On short circuiting
E 1.5
I 3 R 0.5
R R
82. (a)
7 and 3 are in parallel; 6 and 4 are in parallel and both in series.
So
7 3 4 6
R eq R eq 2.1 2.4 R eq 4.5
7 3 4 6
83. (a)
A B
6
3
1.6 2.4
A B
A B
6
84. (c)
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85. (c)
1.5 5
0.2 1 0.2 r 1.5 r 2.5
5 r 2
86. (c)
Let E = emf of the cell A
E 4E
VA VB 4 6 4
4 6 10
E 6E D + B
VA VD 6 -
6 4 10
4 6
E
VB VD
5 C
87. (b)
The given circuit is that of a Wheatstone bridge.
R R
R 6R R
E
R 4R
4
C
R 2R
A B
2R 4R
E 4
The circuit is balanced one since,
Resistance across AC resistance across CB
resistance acrossAD resistance across BD
Thus, no current will flow across 6R of the side CD. The given circuit will now be equivalent to
R 2R
2R 4R
E
3R 4
2R
6R
E
E
4
4
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88. (b)
x
Let x , y and be the dimensions of the block.
3
x
x 3 R max
R max R min 9
x xy R min
y
3
89. (c)
When each element of circuit is multiplied by a factor k then equivalent resistance also become k
times.
Let the equivalent resistance between A and B be X.
R1 kR 1 k 2 R1 R1
A A
R2 kR 2 k 2R 2 R2 +
B B
kR 1 k 2R 1 k 3R 1
A
3
k R2 X R1 R2 kX
R2 k 2R 2
B
90. (d)
9
I
1A
9
At A a current of 1 A divides into 0.5 A and 0.5 A.
At B the current of 0.5 A divides into 0.25 A and 0.25 A
91. (d)
In a Wheatstone bridge, the deflection in the galvanometer does not change whenever the battery and
galvanometer are interchanged.
92. (b)
E 2 r1 E 2 r2
2 2
r r1 r r2
r1 r 2 r22 2rr2 r2 r 2 r12 2rr1 r1r 2 r1r22 2rr1r2 r2r12 2rr1r2
r 2 r1 r2 r1r2 r1 r2 r r1r2
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93. (d)
When we move in the direction of the current in a uniform conductor , the potential decreases
linearly. When we pass through the cell, from its negative to its positive terminal, the potential
increase by an amount equal to its potential difference.
This is less than its emf, as there is some potential drop across its internal resistance when the cell is
driving current.
94. (a)
since E l . So, for E1 E2 we have l1 l2 and hence null point will be obtained at shorter length
i.e. to left of C.
95. (b)
Voltage drop across 50 and 30 (n series) is
V ' 80 0.1 8 V
Voltage across 20 branch is also 8 V.
So, current in 20 branch is
8
I2 0.4 A
20
Hence total current in the circuit is 0.5 A.
Also voltage drop across R is 12-8=4 V.
4 Itotal R 4 0.5 R R 8
96. (d)
97. (c)
From Y to X charge flows to plates a and b
q a q b 0, q a q b 27 C
3 F 6 F 9 F 36 F
a b
+ - + - + - + -
18 F 18 F 1A
1A
3 1V 6 3 1V 6
9V 9V
Initial Figure Final Figure
(when switch was open) (when switch is closed)
q 25 5 10 6 C
1 6
Ui 25 10 52
2
Finally
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q 25 5 10 6 C
1 6
Ui 25 10 52
2
Work done by battery in this process will be
q' q 5
W 25 10 10 6
5 = 50 25 10–6J
R2
R1
Q1
-Q2
kQ1 k( Q2 ) Q1 Q2
So V1 K
R1 R2 R1 R2
kQ1 kQ2
V2
R2 R2
1 1
V1 V2 K(Q1 )
R1 R2
If Q1 = 0, V1 = V2.
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3. (1,4)
B
A qA
qB
K
2R
kq A kq B
2 …..(1)
R 2R
kq A kq B 3
……(2)
2R 2R 2
From (1) & (2)
qA 1
qB 2
After earths potential of B becomes zero.
kq A kq B
0 qB qA
2R 2R
qB ' qB ' kq A kq B ' kq A 1
1 VA V
qA ' qA R 2R 2R 2
4. (a, b, d)
Current through 1 0 . Hence a total of 2A current will pass through 2 which further goes
equally in 2 resistances. Voltmeter will measure the p.d. across 2 resistance = 2 2 4V
5. (a, b, c, d)
+
q1 q2
+
6. (b, d)
kq1
Due to outer surface charge; field at centre =
b2
Potential at centre due to all charges in space
K Q q kq kq1 kq
R R b a
7. (a, b, c, d)
E 0 for r r0
KQ
E for r r0
r2
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8. (a, d)
For series R R1 R 2 q dreq dR 1 dR 2 0.3
R 1R 2 18
For parallel R eff 2
R1 R 2 9
dR dR1 dR 2
R 2 R 12 R 2 2
0.1 0.2 0.6
dR 4 0.07
9 36 9
9. (a, b, c)
v Rt
I 1 e L
R
Joule heating = i 2 R
v2 Rt 2
P 1 e L
R
R2
dp L
will be maximum when t ln 2
dt R
dp tR 2tR
k e L e L
dt
dE max v2
(b) vI I 2 R
dt 4R
v
When I
2R
dE max
is maximum
dt
(c)
p
dp/dt
t t
10. (b, c)
500 V
2 2
200 300
R1 R2
P P
v1 R1 4 p1 i 2 R1 R1 4
v2 R2 9 p2 i2R 2 R2 9
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11. (a, c, d)
For R BC
A
R/2
R
B
R/2
R
R eq
2
For R BC
A
R
R
C B R
R
R
VA VD
Hence R AC
For R AC
A
R R
C D
R R
12. (a, d)
Dipole in non-uniform field must experience a force
13. (b, c, d)
Current through NP = 3 Amp
i1 R 2 20
i1 1 2 amp
i 2 R1 10
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VNP 20 volt vMP 0.5 R1
R1 40
7
Total current in the circuit = 3.5
2
40
Total resistance = R
7
7 40 7R
69 R 69 20
2 7 2
7R
49 R 14
2
14. (a,c)
15. (d)
2d qE qV 2d 2md 2
t when a t
a m md qV qV
md
2
t 2d
2 t 2T
T d2
16. (a,c)
17. (b,d)
1
mv 2 QV
2
2QV
p2 v m
QV p 2mQV t v 0 at
2m a Q V
m d
2md 2
t
QV
18. (a,d)
1 qA qB
2V ….(1)
4 0 R 2R
1 qA qB 3
and, V …(2)
4 0 2R 2R 2
qA 1
Solving equations (1) and (2), we get
qB 2
When B is earthed, potential of B becomes zero. So, q 'B q 'A q A {charge on A remains same)
q 'A
1
q 'B
Also after earthling
CENTERS: MUMBAI /DELHI /AKOLA /LUCKNOW /NASHIK /PUNE /NAGPUR /BOKARO /DUBAI # 155
qA 1 1 qA
VA VB
4 0 R 2R 8 0R
1 qA V V
Substituting qB 2qA in equation (1), we get VA VB
4 0 2R 2 2
V
Since B is earthed, so VB 0 and hence VA
2
19. (a,c,d)
20. (a,c)
21. (b,c)
The electron will experience a downward acceleration a , given by
eF 1.6 10 19 2000 eE
a 31
a 3.6 1014 ms 2
m 9 10 m
So, we can consider the electron to be a projectile launched with some initial velocity between the
plates under influence of downward acceleration a.
From the point of launch let us consider the rightward horizontal as the x axis and upward vertical
as y axis, let us calculate the height to which the electron will rise and its horizontal range.
Considering upward vertical motion, we have
1
0 6 10 6 sin 45 t 3.5 1014 t 2 t 2.4 10 8 s
2
Considering motion along x axis, we get
x range 6 106 cos 45 2.4 10 8 x 0.102 m 10.2 cm
T
The vertical displacement in half the total time i.e, at maximum height , we have t
2
The vertical height is given by
1 2
y 6 106 sin 45 1.2 10 8 3.5 1014 1.2 10 8
2
y 0.0509 0.0252 y 0.0257 2.57 cm
So, the electron will not touch the upper plate and will strike the lower plate at the other edge.
22. (a,d)
Q1
Q2
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23. (b,d)
Using Work Energy Therorem, we get
1 qE
mv 2 qE cos 60 v
2 m
At point B, we have
2
mv 2 m qE
T qE T qE 2qE
m
24. (a,b,c)
The spring force F 2 kx ˆi
Similarly, the electrostatic force Fe due to the electric field created by plate b is
Q2 ˆ
Fe QEiˆ Q ˆii
2 0 2A 0
where A is the area of the plate. Notice that charges on plate a cannot exert a force on itself, as
required by Newton’s Third Law. Thus, only the electric field due to plate b is considered. At
equilibrium the two forces cancel and we have
Q
kx Q QE
2A 0
Q2 QE
Which gives x
2kA 0 k
25. (b,c)
26. (a,b,c,d)
27. (a,c,d)
The effective capacitance
4 5 20
C F
9 9
The charge on C1 is given by
20
Q1 CV 9 20 C
9
The charge on C2 is given by
C2 2
Q2 Q1 20 8 C
C 2 C3 5
The charge on C3 is given by
C3 3
Q3 Q1 20 12 C
C 2 C3 5
Q2 Q3 C3 C 2 C3
Since, Q1 Q 2 Q3 Q2 Q2 Q2
C2 C3 C2 C2
C2 2 C3 3
Q2 Q1 20 8 C and Q 3 Q1 20 12 C
C 2 C3 2 3 C 2 C3 2 3
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28. (a,b,c)
When either A or C is earthed (both not earthed together), a parallel plate capacitor is formed with B
, with Q charges on the inner surfaces. The other plate , which is not earthed, plays no role, hence
charge of amount Q flows to the earth. When both are earthed together. A and C effectively
become connected. The plates now form two capacitors in parallel, with capacitances in the ratio
1: 2 , and hence share chare Q in the same ratio.
29. (a,d)
q2
Since, F
2 0A
30. (b,c,d)
31. (a,d)
32. (a,d)
2 8 6
Cs 1.6 F Since Q Cs V 1.6 10 300
2 8
4
4.8 10
Q 4.8 10 4 C V1 240 V
2 10 6
4
4.8 10 Q2 Q2
V2 6
60V U
8 10 2C1 2C2
4 2
4.8 10 1
U 6
U 3.2 2.4 10 2 J U 7.2 10 2 J
2 1.6 10
33. (a,d)
Since battery is still in connection. So,
V V0
Q0 C0 V0 and Q kC0V0
Q kQ0
Since k 1
k 1
1
Also U 0 Q 0 V0 and
2
1
U QV kU 0 Q kQ0 and V V0 Hence U U0
2
34. (a,c,d)
Since same charge flows through 7 F and 3 F (as both are in series), so
Q7 Q3 42 C 7 6 3V3 V3 14V
So, V3.9 20V
Charge on 12 F n capacitor is
7 3
Q12 Q3.9 Q7 Q12 3.9 20 20
7 30
120
Q12 120 C Total charge in the circuit V12 10 V
12
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Voltage across battery is 14 6 10 30 V
35. (b, d)
In steady state, no current passes through the branches containing the capacitors. So,
4 4 1
I A
8 2 10 20 5
8
Loop ABCA 1 1
A A
5 5
C
1 1
8 2 V1 0 C1 8 F 2
5 5
B
10
V1 2V
5
Loop ABDA A
1 1 1
2 10 V2 0 A + C2 10 F
5 5 5 -
V2 2 0.4 2 D
1
V2 2.4 V A
5
10
B
36. (a, b, c, d)
E V A
I I
RA RV
E
RA RV …(1)
I
Since E V IR A E
V E IR A E …(2)
Also, V IR V
V
RV …(3)
I
Potential difference across the ammeter is VA IR A
VA IR A E V …(4)
So, from (1), (2), (3) and (4), we observe all the options to be correct.
37. (a, c)
38. (a, d)
I
6 1.5 6 16 2k R1
R eq 2 2 k
7.5 5 5
V 24 3
I 5 mA 5 7.5 mA 24 V 6k R2 R L 1.5 k
R eq 16 2
For potential difference across R1
V1 7.5 2 15 V
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For potential difference across R2
V2 24 15 9 V
2
V12 V22 15 92 225 6 25
For power PR1 : :
R1 R 2 2 6 2 81 3
V22 92
PR L 54 mW
RL 1.5
If R1 and R2 are interchanged
I
6z k R2
24 V 2k R1 R L 1.5 k
2 1.5 3
R ' R1 || R 2
2 1.5 3.5
R'
VL' 24 V 3V
R2 R '
Now power dissipated in RL is
VL'2 32
P 'L 6 mW
RL 1.5
39. (c, d) R 2 3
In steady state, no current passes through the branch 1
that contains a fully charged capacitor, because a I1 I1
R
fully charged capacitor is a dc blocking element. R
8
R
I
Hence the circuit becomes 7 4
I I I1
For Loop 1284561
6 5
2I1R IR E 0
E
6I1 3I 15 …(1)
For Loop 784567
I I1 R IR E 0
2IR I1R E 0
3I1 6I 15
3I1 15
3I …(2)
2 2
Add (1) and (2), we get
3 15
6 I1 15
2 2
3 12 30 15
I1 15I1 15 I1 1 A
2 2
6 3I 15 3I 9 I 3A
For Loop 23482
CENTERS: MUMBAI /DELHI /AKOLA /LUCKNOW /NASHIK /PUNE /NAGPUR /BOKARO /DUBAI # 160
VC I 3 I1 3 0 VC 9 3 12 V
40. (a, b, c)
As C and D are joined, they must be at the same potential, and may be treated as the same point. This
gives the equivalent resistance as 8 . When we distribute current in the network using symmetry,
20 5
C
A D B
5 20
I1 5 I0 I1
20 C
I0
A I0 2I1
I0 I0 I1 I1 B
5 D 20
VA VD VA VC
I0 2I 0 3I 0
20I1 5 I0 I1 I1 I0 2I1 I0
5 5 5
which is the current flowing from D to C.
41. (a, b, c, d)
42. (a, c, d)
When X is joined to Y for a long time (charging), the energy stored in the
capacitor is equal to the heat produced in R i.e., H1 C R
When X is joined to Z (discharging), the energy stored in C H1
reappears as heat H2 in R. So,
Y
H1 H 2 . Also, we observe that energy supplied by the battery is
H H1 H2 . So, Z
X
OPTIONS (a), (c) and (d) are correct.
43. (c, d)
t/t RC
V V0 1 e
2
21
E E
V0 (as both R and R are in series) V 1 e RC
2 2
44. (b, c)
45. (a, b)
The resistance in the middle plays no part in the charging process of C, as it does not alter either the
potential difference across the RC combination or the current through it.
C discharges through R + R in series.
46. (b, c)
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INTEGER TYPE
1. (2)
1 Fe
b
If angle remains same
2 Apparent weight
Fe initially
weight
Fe
K
mg
2
K 2
2. (3)
After a long time p.d. across capacitor = 2E
When K2 is closed, just after K 2 is closed, capacitor behaves like a source of 2E.
R 2E
2E
2R
E
3R
3E
Hence current through emf E
11R
3. (5)
R
A
10 R
E1
1000 R 2
10 3R
E1
1000 R 42
2
1000 R
2 3
1000 R 4
4000 2R 3000 3R
R 1000
10 5000 5
E1 500
2000 2000 2
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4. (3)
15 V 1
x D
A B
1 5
A
1/2 A
Potential drop across AD = 3 volt
Remaining drop = 12 volt
3
Current in AD
x
3 1
11 x 12
x 2
x 2 19x 66 0
x 2 22x 3x 66 0
x 3
AD 30 cm
AD
3
10
SUBJECTIVE TYPE
1. 3 F
Assume a potential difference across a and b, and notice that the potential difference across the 8 F
capacitor must be zero by symmetry. Then the equivalent capacitance can be determine from the
following circuit,
4 F 4 F
6 F 6 F 3 F
a b a b a
2 F 2 F
2. (5)
If d is the separation between the plates (each of area A0 ) of a parallel plate condenser in air, then its
capacitance in air, then its capacitance C 0A . …..(1)
d
If a slab of thickness t is introduced between the plates with new separation d’, then its new
capacitance,
0A
C' …….(2)
1
d' t 1
K
As Q CV , the charge on the capacitor is same in both cases therefore to maintain the same
potential difference the capacitance C and C’ must be same i.e, from (1) and (2)
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0A 0A 1
= d d' t 1
d 1 K
d' t 1
K
Here, d ' d 2.4 mm d 2.4 10 3 m
t 3mm 3 10 3 m
3 3 1 1
d d 2.4 10 3 10 1 3 1 2.4 K 5
K K
3. (5)
The voltage supplied by the charging plant is here constant which is equal to,
V E1 I1r 90 10 2
V 110 V
Let If be the current at the end of charging process. Then,
V Ef If r
V Ef 110 100
If If 5A
r 2
4. Let the charge on each capacitor be as shown in figure. Applying KVL in the loop (1), traversing
clock-wise
6 F 3 F
+ - B + -
q1 + q1 q3
1 q3 3 F 2
3 F - 6 F
A + - + -
C
q 2 3 D
q 2 q3
E 10 V
q1 q3 q2
0
6 3 3
q1 2q3 2q3 0 ….(1)
For loop (2), traversing clockwise, we have
q1 q3 q 2 q3 q3
0
3 6 3
2q1 5q3 q2 0 ……..(2)
For loop ABCEA, traversing clockwise, we have
q1 q1 q 3
10 0
6 3
3q1 2q3 60 …..(3)
Solving equations (1), (2) and (3), we get
q1 24 C ;
q 2 18 C ;
q3 6 C
Charge on 6 F capacitor is 24 C
Charge on 3 F capacitor is 18 C
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5. (a) 400, (b) 2500
d
With switch closed, distance d ' and capacitance
2
0d 2 0A
C' 2C
d' d
(a) Q C ' V 2 2 10 6 F 100 V 400 C
(b) The force stretching out one spring is
2 2 2
Q2 4C2 V 2C2 V 2C V
F F
2 0a 2 0A 0A d
d
d
d
One string stretches by distance x
4
2
F 2C V
2
4 8C V
2 8 2 10 6 F 100V
1
k k k 2500 Nm
x d d d2 8 10 m 3
2
6. (24)
The given combination of capacitors is equivalent to the circuit diagram shown in the figure
Assume the charge on point A to be Q. Then,
A B C D
40 F 10 F 4 0 F
7. (550)
Let C1 C and C2 2C and the charges on the different capacitors be as shown in figure.
Net charge on isolated system should be zero
M
+ q3 10 EC
-
N
Hence, q1 q 2 q3 0 …..(1)
Applying Loop’s Law in two loops we have,
q 3 q1 q 2 q3
E 0 E 0
2C C 2C 2C
Solving these three equations, we get q3 10EC
q3
VMN 5E VMN 550 V
2C
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8. (1 in 200 , 4 in 70 , 3 in 80 , 8 in 20 )
Name the currents as shown in the figure. Then I1 I 2 I4 I3
Loop abgha 200I1 40 80I2 0
Loop bcfgb 80I2 40 360 20I3 0 Loop cfedc 360 20I3 70I4 80 0
Now, I 4 4 A upward in 70
I2 3A upward in 80
I3 8 A downward in 20
And for the 200 , V IR 1A 200 200 V
9. (6250, 7500)
Let Rx and Ry be the respective resistances at a given temperature. The total resistance after a
charge T becomes
R R x 1 0.0025 T R y 1 0.00075 T …(1)
1
o
As 0.001 C is the temperature coefficient of the combination, we also have
R Rx R y 1 0.001 T …(2)
From equations (1) and (2), we get
R x 1 0.0025 T R y 1 0.00075 T
Rx R y 1 0.001 T
Thus we get
5
Rx Ry …(3)
3
Also, R x R y 1000 …(4)
On solving equations (3)and (4), we get
Rx 625 and Ry 375
The respective lengths are
1
Lx 625 6.25 km 6250 m
100
1
And L y 375 7.5 km 7500 m
50
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MAGNETISM AND MATTER
CONCEPT SUMMARY
1. The science of magnetism is old. It has been known since ancient times that magnetic materials tend
to point in the north-south direction; like magnetic poles repel and unlike ones attract and cutting a
bar magnet in two leads to two smaller magnets. Magnetic poles cannot be isolated.
3. Consider a bar magnet of size l and magnetic moment m, at a distance r from its mid-point, where
r >>l, the magnetic field B due to this bar is,
0m 0m
B 3
(along axis) (along equator)
2 r 4 r3
4. Gauss’s law for magnetism states that the net magnetic flux through any closed surface is zero
B B. S 0
allarea
elements S
5. The earth’s magnetic field resembles that of a (hypothetical) magnetic dipole located at the centre of
the earth. The pole near the geographic north pole of the earth is called the north magnetic pole.
Similarly, the pole near the geographic south pole is called the south magnetic pole. This dipole is
aligned making a small angle with the rotation axis of the earth. The magnitude of the field on the
earth’s surface = 4 10 5 T.
6. Three quantities are needed to specify the magnetic field of the earth on its surface — the horizontal
Component, the magnetic declination, and the magnetic dip. These are known as the elements of the
earths magnetic field.
7. Consider a material placed in an external magnetic field B0. The magnetic intensity is defined as,
B0
H
0
The magnetisation M of the material is its dipole moment per unit volume. The magnetic field B in
the material is, B 0 H M
8. For a linear material M H . So that B H and is called the magnetic susceptibility of the
material. The three quantities, , the relative magnetic permeability r , and the magnetic
permeability are related as follows:
0 r r 1
9. Magnetic materials are broadly classified as: diamagnetic, paramagnetic, and ferromagnetic. For
diamagnetic materials is negative and small and for paramagnetic materials it is positive and
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small. Ferromagnetic materials have large and are characterised by non-linear relation between B
and H. They show the property of hysteresis.
10. Substances, which at room temperature, retain their ferromagnetic property for a long period of time
are called permanent magnets.
2. A straight conductor of length l and carrying a steady current I experiences a force F in a uniform
external magnetic field B.
F=IlxB
the direction of 1 is given by the direction of the current.
3. In a uniform magnetic field B, a charge q executes a circular orbit in a plane normal to B. Its
frequency of uniform circular motion is called the cyclotron frequency and is given by:
qB
vc
2 m
This frequency is independent of the particle’s speed and radius. This fact is exploited in a machine,
the cyclotron, which is used to accelerate charged particles.
4. The Biot-Sauart law asserts that the magnetic field dB due to an element dl carrying a steady current
I at a point P at a distance r from the current element is:
dl r
dB 0
I 3
4 r
To obtain the total field at P, we must integrate this vector expression over the entire length of the
conductor.
5. The magnitude of the magnetic field due to a circular coil of radius R carrying a current I at an axial
distance x from the centre is
IR 2
B 0
3/ 2
2 x2 R 2
I
At the center this reduces to B 0
2R
6. Ampere’s Circuital Law: Let an open surface S be bounded by a loop C. Then the Ampere’s law
states that B.dl 0 I where I refers to the current passing through S. The sign of I is determined
C
from the right-hand rule. We have discussed a simplified form of this law. If B is directed along the
tangent to every point on the perimeter L of a closed curve and is constant in magnitude along
perimeter then.
0I
BL
2 R
Where I e is the net current enclosed by the closed circuit.
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7. The magnitude of the magnetic field at a distance R from a long, straight wire carrying a current I is
m0I
given by: B
2 R
The field lines are circles concentric with the wire.
where n is the number of turns per unit length. For a toroid one obtains,
0 NI
B
2 r
where N is the total number of turns and r is the average radius.
10. A planar loop carrying a current I. having N closely wound turns, and an area A possesses a magnetic
momentum where,
m NIA
and t he direction of m is given by the right-hand thumb rule : curl the palm of your right hand along
the loop with the fingers pointing in the direction of the current. The thumb sticking out gives the
direction of m (and A)
When this loop is placed in a uniform magnetic field B. the force F on it is: F=Q
And the torque on it is,
m B
In a moving coil galvanometer, this torque is balanced by a counter-torque due to a spring, yielding
NI AB
where is the equilibrium deflection and the torsion constant of the spring.
11. An electron moving around the central nucleus has a magnetic moment p, given by:
e
1 l
2m
where l is the magnitude of the angular momentum of the circulating electron about the central
nucleus. The smallest value of 1 is called the Bohr magneton B and it is B 9.27 10 24 J / T
12. A moving coil galvanometer can be converted into a ammeter by introducing a shunt resistance rs , of
small value in parallel. It can be converted into a voltmeter by introducing a resistance of a large
value in series.
FORMULLA SUMMARY
Biot –Savart’s Law:
Field due to an infinitesimal current carrying element,
o id r
dB 3
4 r X
0 i
(1) B sin sin i
4 x
, 90 0
For an infinite long wire ,i.e. , 0i
B
2 x x
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i
(2) Circular arc
0i
B R
4 R
0 NiR 2
(3) B 3/ 2
along axis
2 R2 Z2 i
Z
N: no of turns B
i
(4) Long Solenoid
B 0 ni, at all points within the solenoid
B=0 out side.
(a) Direction : Curl fingers of right hand in direction of i, Thumb points in the direction of field
(b) n : turns per unit length A
General Formula :
0 ni
B at po int A (cos l cos 2 ) 1 2
2
(5) Toroid
0 Ni
B r dis tan ce from the center
2 r
force per unit length between two long straight parallel wires carrying currents i1 and i2
i i
F= 0 1 2
2 d
Induction in groups
LL
(a) series L = L1 + L2 (b) parallel L= 1 2
L1 L2
(6)Infinite sheet:
K
B 0 at all points
2
K: current per unit length
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Ampere’s Law :
B.d i
0 enc
L
X
Lorentz force
F q E q ( V B)
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(ii) V perpendicular to B circle in a plane perpendicular to B, of radius,
mv qB
r ,
qB m
Note :
For electromagnetic waves,
(i) E 0 B 0 c
1
(ii) c2
0 0
CONCEPT SUMMARY
1. The magnetic flux through a surface of area A placed in a uniform magnetic field B is defined as,
B B.A BA cos
where is the angle between B and A.
2. Faraday’s laws of induction imply that the emf induced in a coil of N turns is directly related to the
rate of change of flux through it,
d B
N
dt
Here B is the flux linked with one turn of the coil. If the circuit is closed, a current 1= /R is set
up in it. where R is the resistance of the circuit.
3. Lenz’s law states that the polarity of the induced emf is such that it tends to produce a current which
opposes the change in magnetic flux that produces it. The negative sign in the expression for
Faraday’s law indicates this fact.
4. When a metal rod of length l is placed normal to a uniform magnetic field B and moved with a
velocity v perpendicular to the field, the induced emf (called motional emf) across its ends is
Blv
5. Changing magnetic fields can set up current loops in nearby metal (any conductor) bodies. They
dissipate electrical energy as heat. Such currents are called eddy currents.
7. A changing current in a coil (coil 2) can induce an emf in a nearby coil (coil 1). This relation is given
dI
by, 1 M12 2
dt
The quantity M12 is called mutual inductance of coil 1 with respect to coil 2. One can similarly
define M. There exists a general equality. M12 M 21
8. When a current in a coil changes, it induces a back emf in the same coil. The self-induced emf is
given by,
dI
L
dt
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L is the self-inductance of the coil. It is a measure of the inertia of the coil against the change of
current through it.
9. The self-inductance of a long solenoid, the core of which consists of a magnetic material of
permeability 1 , is given by
L r 0
n2A l
where A is the area of cross-section of the solenoid, l its length and n the number of turns per unit
length.
FORMULA SUMMARY
d
E ind = N B , B B .dA
dt
EMF can be induced by
(1) varying magnetic field
(2) varying area
(3) varying angle between B & A
Motional emf = - B Vd v B .d
For a rod moving perpendicular to its length (fig 1) E = BV
B v
Motional emf in arbitrarily shaped wire acb is same as that in straight wire
ab E = Bv
Bw 2
In a rotating bar ,
2
Motional emf is the preferred approach when a conductor moves in a magnetic field But, if
d
conductor is stationary ,use e
dt
N di
L= and = - N L
I dt
For a solenoid
L = 0 n2 Sl = 0 nNS
S : area of C.S.
N : total turns
l : Length
n : turns per unit length
N N1 1
M12 = M 21 = 2 2
I1 I2
where 2 : flux in 2 due to current in 1
di
2 M N2
dt
RC CIRCUITS
Charging : V = iR +Q/C
q=q0 (1-e-t/Rc)
i = i0 e-t/RC
Discharging: q = q 0 e-t/Rc
i = i0 e-t/RC
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LR CIRCUITS
Rzz L
di
V = Ir + L
dt
–tR/L
i= i0 (1-e ) growth of current
i = io e-tR/L : decay of current
Li 2
Energy stored in inductor = Lidi + –
2
B2 V
Energy density =
2 0
LC CIRCUITS
1
q= q0 cos t , =
L eq C eq
While applying KVL across, inductor, remember that an inductor opposes the change in the current
flowing through it
i L
VA VB
di
Then, VA-VB = L
dt
E R L
3R
To find time constant , short the battery and find Req about L, Req =
2
L 2L
=
R eq 3R
E
at steady state find current through inductor, i0 =
3R
iL = i0 ( 1 – e-t/ )
use similar method for complex RC circuits.
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ALTERNATING CURRENT
CONCEPT SUMMARY
1. An alternating voltage v vm sin t applied to a resistor R drives a current i = i m sin t in the
vm
resistor i m . The current is in phase with the applied voltage.
R
2. For an alternating current i i m sin t passing through a resistor R. the average power loss P
(averaged over a cycle) due to joule heating is 1/ 2 t 2m R . To express it in the same form as the dc
power P I 2 R , a special value of current is used. It is called root mean square (rms) current and is
donoted by I:
im
I 0.707i m
2
Similarly, the rms voltage Is defined by
vm
V 0.707 vm
2
We have P IV I 2 R
5. For a series RLC circuit driven by voltage v v m sin t , the current is given by i i m sin t
vm 1 XC XL
where i m and tan
R2 XC XL
2
R
2
Z R2 XC XL is called the impedance of the circuit.
The average power loss over a complete cycle is given by
P V I cos
The term cos is called the power factor.
6. In a purely Inductive or capacitive circuit, cos 0 and no power is dissipated even though a current
is flowing in the circuit. In such cases, current is referred to as a wattless current.
7. The phase relationship between current and voltage in an ac circuit can be shown conveniently by
representing voltage and current by rotating vectors called phasors. A phasor is a vector which
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rotates about the origin with angular speed . The magnitude of a phasor represents the amplitude or
peak value of the quantity (voltage or current) represented by the phasor.
The analysis of an ac circuit is facilitated by the use of a phasor diagram.
8. An interesting characteristic of a series RLC circuit is the phenomenon of resonance. The circuit
exhibits resonance, i.e., the amplitude of the current is maximum at the resonant frequency.
1 L 1
0 . The quality factor Q defined by Q 0
is an indicator of the sharpness of the
LC R 0
CR
resonance. the higher value of Q indicating sharper peak in the current.
9. A circuit containing an Inductor L and a capacitor C (initially charged) with no ac source and no
resistors exhibits free oscillations. The charge q of the capacitor satisfies the equation of simple
harmonic motion:
d 2q 1
q 0
dt 2 LC
1
and therefore, the frequency of free oscillation is 0 . The energy in the system oscillates
LC
between the capacitor and the t Inductor but their sum or the total energy is constant in time.
10. A transformer consists of an iron core on which are bound a primary coil of N P turns and a
secondary coil of Ns turns. If the primary coil is connected to an ac source, the primary and
secondary voltages are related by
Ns
Vs VP
Np
and the currents are related by
Np
Is Ip
Ns
If the secondary coil has a greater number of turns than the primary, the voltage is stepped-up
Vs Vp . This type of arrangement is called a step-up transformer. If the secondary coil has turns
less than the primary, we have a step-down transformer.
FORMULA SUMMARY
T
V0 cos wt.dt
0 2V0
(1) Vavg = T
0.637 V0
dt
0
1/ 2
T
2 2
V cos wt.dt
0
0 V0
VRMS = T
0.707 V0
2
dt
0
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VRMS
1.11
Vavg
1
(2) Xc = , XL wL , X R R
wc
(3) z= X r2 (Xc X L )2
i = i0 sin wt
Xc X L
phase difference = tan –1
XR
XL Xc
(5) Quality Factor Q =
R R
Note :
Current /Voltage mentioned are always to be taken as RMS values, unless otherwise specified.
Combinations of inductors :
Series : L eq Li
i
1 1
Parallel :
L eq i Li
Note :
Phasors
(1) Decide the common parameter ( V or I )
Series I Parallel V
(2) Draw the phasor representing the other parameter.
E leads I in L , I leads E in C
ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES
CONCEPT SUMMARY
1. Maxwell found an inconsistency in the Ampere’s law and suggested the existence of an additional
current, called displacement current, to remove this inconsistency. This displacement current is due
to time-varying electric field and is given by
d E
id 0
dt
and acts as a source of magnetic field in exactly the same way as conduction current.
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2. An accelerating charge produces electromagnetic waves. An electric charge oscillating harmonically
with frequency v, produces electromagnetic waves of the same frequency v. An electric dipole is a
basic source of electromagnetic waves.
3. Electromagnetic waves with wavelength of the order of a few metres were first produced and
detected in the laboratory by Hertz in 1887. He thus verified a basic prediction of Maxwell’s
equations.
4. Electric and magnetic fields oscillate sinusoidally in space and time in an electromagnetic wave. The
oscillating electric and magnetic fields, E and B are perpendicular to each other, and to the direction
of propagation of the electromagnetic wave. For a wave of frequency v, wavelength , propagating
along z-direction, we have
E E x t E 0 sin kz t
z z t
E 0 sin 2 vt E 0 sin 2
T
B By t B0 sin kz t
z z t
B0 sin 2 vt B0 sin 2
T
They are related by E 0 / B0 c.
5. The speed c of electromagnetic wave in vacuum is related to 0 and 0 (the free space permeability
and permittivity constants) as follows:
c 1/ 0 0 . The value of c equals the speed of light obtained from optical measurements. Light is
an electromagnetic wave: c is, therefore. also the speed of light, Electromagnetic waves other than
light also have the same velocity c in The speed of light, or of electromagnetic waves in a material
medium is free space.
The speed of light, or of electromagnetic waves in a material medium is given by v 1/ where
is the permeability of the medium and c its permittivity.
6. Electromagnetic waves carry energy as they travel through space and this energy is shared equally by
the electric and magnetic fields.
Electromagnetic waves transport momentum as well. When these waves stikes a surface. If total
energy transferred to a surface in time t is U, total momentum delivered to this surface is p U / c .
7. The spectrum of electromagnetic waves stretches. In principle, over an infinite range of wavelengths.
Different regions are known by different regions are known by different names: -rays, X-rays,
ultraviolet rays. visible rays, infrared rays, microwaves and radio waves in order of increasing
o
wavelength from 10 2 A or 10-12 m to 106 m.
They interact with matter via their electric and magnetic fields which set in oscillation charges
present in all matter. The detailed interaction and so the mechanism of absorption, scattering. etc.,
depend on the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave, and the nature of the atoms and molecules in
the medium.
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10 2 10
In 2In
9 10 9
In
9
N N
S S
N N
S S
5. A particle of charge q and mass m starts moving from the origin under the action of an electric field
5
E = E0 iˆ and B =B0 iˆ with a velocity v = v0 ĵ . The speed of the particle will become v0 after a
2
time
m v0 mv0 3 m v0 m v0
(a) (b) (c) (d)
q E0 2q E0 2q E0 4q E0
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6. A conducting slider of mass m is free to slide on a U-shaped frame. Electrical resistance of the frame
is constant and there exists a uniform magnetic field B perpendicular to the plane of the frame. The
slider is given an initial velocity v0 along arms of the frame. Select the wrong statement
7. The magnetic field due to a current carrying loop of radius 3cm at a point on its axis at a distance
4cm from the center is 54 T . What will be its value at the centre of the loop?
(a) 250 T (b) 150 T (c) 125 T (d) 75 T
8. A rectangular loop has a sliding connector PQ of length l and resistance R and it is moving with a
speed as shown in figure. The set-up is placed in a uniform magnetic field going into the plane of
the paper. The three currents I1 , I 2 and I are
P I
R R R
I I2
I1 Q
Bl 2Bl Bl 2Bl
(a) I1 I2 ,I (b) I1 I2 ,I
R R 3R 3R
Bl Bl Bl
(c) I1 I2 I (d) I1 I2 ,I
R 6R 3R
a a
9. Co-ordinates of four corners of a square loop are A (0, 0, 0), B (0, 0, a), C , , a and
2 2
a a
D , , 0 . A current I is flowing in the loop in ABCDA direction. The magnetic moment of
2 2
the loop will be
a2 ˆ a2 ˆ a2 ˆ a2 ˆ
(a) j k I (b) i j I
2 2 2 2
a2 ˆ a2 ˆ a2 ˆ a2 ˆ
(c) i j I (d) i j I
2 2 2 2
CENTERS: MUMBAI /DELHI /AKOLA /LUCKNOW /NASHIK /PUNE /NAGPUR /BOKARO /DUBAI # 181
10. The current i in an induction coil varies with time t according to the graph shown in the figure.
Which of the following graphs shows the induced emf (E) in the coil with time
i
O t
E E
(a) (b)
O O t
t
E
E
(c) (d)
O
t O
t
11. A wire carrying a current i from O to A is placed inside a uniform magnetic field B B0 kˆ . The
shape of the wire is parabolic and has equation and has equation Y 2x x 2 . The force on the wire
will be
Y
x x x x x
x x x xB x
x x x x x
i
x i
x x x x
O A
X
x x x x x
z
(a) F 2B0i , upwards (b) F 2B0i , downwards
(c) F 4B0i , upwards (d) F 4B0i , downwards
12. A resistor of resistance R, an inductor of inductance L and a capacitor of capacitance C are connected
in series and the combination is connected to a battery of emf as shown. At t = 0, the switch S is
closed. Let, after a very long time, the thermal energy developed in circuit be Q, energy stored in
circuit be U and energy supplied by battery be E. Then
C
R L
S
(a) Q : U : E 1:1: 2 (b) Q : U : E 1: 3 : 4 (c) Q : U : E 3 :1: 4 (d) Q : U : E 1: 2 : 3
CENTERS: MUMBAI /DELHI /AKOLA /LUCKNOW /NASHIK /PUNE /NAGPUR /BOKARO /DUBAI # 182
13. In the circuit shown switch is connected to 1 for a very long time. At a particular instant t = 0, switch
L
is shifted to 2, the current in the circuit after a time gap of is
R
2 L
2L R
E
3 3
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 Re R Re R
14. The region between x = 0 and x = L is filled with uniform magnetic field B0 k̂ . A particle of mass
m positive charge q and velocity v0 î travels along x-axis and enters the region of the magnetic field
at origin. (Neglect gravity). If the particle emerges from the region of magnetic field with its velocity
at an angle 30 to its initial. If the magnetic field is reduced to half of the initial value then the angle
of emergence will become
(a) sin-1(1/4) (b) 60 (c) 90 (d) sin-1(1/2)
15. A large plate with uniform surface charge density is moving with constant speed v as shown in the
figure. The magnetic field at a small distance from plate is
v
(a) 0 v parallel to plate (b) 0
parallel to plate
2
v
(c) 0 v normal to plate (d) 0
normal to plate
2
16. A spatially uniform magnetic field B exists in the circular region S and this field is decreasing in
magnitude with time at a constant rate. The wooden ring C1 (inner) and the conducting ring C2
(outer) are concentric with the magnetic field. The magnetic field is
perpendicular to the plane of the figure. Then
(a) there is no induced electric field in C1.
(b) there is an induced electric field in C1 and its magnitude is greater than the C 1
C
magnitude of the induced electric field in C2. 2
(c) there is an induced electric field in C2 and its magnitude is greater than the
induced electric field in C1.
(d) there is no induced electric field in C1.
CENTERS: MUMBAI /DELHI /AKOLA /LUCKNOW /NASHIK /PUNE /NAGPUR /BOKARO /DUBAI # 183
17. The circuit shown in the figure is allowed to reach steady state and L
then a soft iron core is inserted in the coil such that the coefficient of
self-inductance changes from L to nL. The current in the circuit at the R
time of complete insertion is +
(a) E / R (b) E/nR
(c) nE / R (d) Zero
18. A long straight wire is carrying current I1 in +z direction. The x y plane contains a closed circular
loop carrying current I2 and not encircling the straight wire. The force on the loop will be
(a) 0 I1I2 2 (b) 0 I1I 2 4
(c) Zero
(d) depends on the distance of the centre of the loop from the wire
19. A uniform electric field in the y direction and uniform magnetic field in the x direction exists in
free space. A particle of mass and carrying charge is projected from the origin withspeed along
the x – axis. The speed of particle as a function of its y co-ordinate will be
(a) V02 2q Ey m (b) V02 qEy m
20. In a moving coil galvanometer the number of turns N = 24, area of the coil A 2 10 3 m 2 and the
magnetic field strength B = 0.2 T. To increase its current sensitivity by 25% we
(a) Increase B to 0.3 T (b) Decrease A to 1.5 10 3 m 2
(c) Increase N to 30 (d) None of the above.
21. Two strong bar magnets A and B are placed on a horizontal table such that the axis of B intersects A
at mid-point as shown in figure. B is fixed while A is free to move. There are no magnetic fields
except those due to A and B. Then A will
(a) rotate but not move towards or away from B
(b) rotate and move towards B
(c) move towards B and not rotate
(d) rotate and move away from B
22. A wire is placed between the poles of two fixed bar magnets as shown. A small current in the wire is
into the plane of the paper. The direction of the magnetic force on the wire is
CENTERS: MUMBAI /DELHI /AKOLA /LUCKNOW /NASHIK /PUNE /NAGPUR /BOKARO /DUBAI # 184
23. A massless charged particle is at rest in a uniform magnetic field B
which is directed as shown in the figure. A man moving with a
speed v observes the charged particle to move w.r.t him in a straight
horizontal line with the same speed v. What is the electric field
observed by the man in the region?
(a) vB upwards (b) vB downwards
(c) Zero (d) vB towards left
24. The speed of a charged particle moving in space increases. Which of the following statements is
correct?
(a) A conservative electric field must be present at the location of particle
(b) A non-uniform magnetic field constant with time must be present at the location of particle
(c) If conservative electric field is not present then a time varying magnetic field must be present at
the location of particle
(d) None of these
25. A long hollow tube is carrying an electric current along its length distributed uniformly on its
circumference. The magnetic field
(a) increases linearly from the axis to the surface
(b) is constant inside the tube
(c) is zero only on the axis
(d)is zero just out-side the tube
26. A current carrying rod AB is placed perpendicular to an infinitely long current carrying wire as
shown in the figure. The point at which the conductor should be hinged so that it will not rotate is
(a) C
(b) Somewhere between B and C
(c) A
(d) Somewhere between A and C
27. Two observers moving with different velocities see that a point charge produces same magnetic field
at some point A in space. If r is the position vector of point A relative to the point charge then
(a) Their relative velocity must be parallel to r
(b) Their velocities must be parallel to r
(c) Their relative velocity must be perpendicular to r
(d) Their velocities must be perpendicular to r
28. There exists a uniform magnetic and electric field of magnitude 1 T and 1 V/m respectively along
positive y-axis. A charged particle of mass 1 kg and of charge 1 C is having velocity 1 m/s along the
positive x-axis. At t = 0 it is at origin. Then the approximate co-ordinates of the particle at time
seconds willbe
(a) (0,10,2) (b) (0,-5,-2) (c) (0,5,-2) (d) (0,5,2)
CENTERS: MUMBAI /DELHI /AKOLA /LUCKNOW /NASHIK /PUNE /NAGPUR /BOKARO /DUBAI # 185
29. When the current in a certain inductor coil is 5 A and is increasing at the rate of 10A/s, the potential
difference across the coil is 140 V. When the current is 5 A and decreasing at the rate of10 A/s, the
potential difference is 60 V. The self-inductance of the coil is
(a) 2 H (b) 8 H (c) 4 H (d) 12 H
30. The secondary coil of an ideal step down transformer is delivering 500 watt power at 12.5 A. If the
ratio of turns in the primary to the secondary is 5 : 1, then the current flowing in the primary coil will
be
(a) 5 A (b) 12.5 A (c) 0.4 A (d) 2.5 A
32. A particle of specific charge is released from origin with a velocity 0 î in a uniform magnetic
field B B0kˆ . If the particle passes through the point 0, y,0 , then, y equals
0 2 0 2 0
(a) - (b) (c) 0 (d)
B0 B0 B0 B0
33. A particle of mass m and charge q is projected towards negative x axis with speed from a
point d,0,0 in a region of space where a uniform magnetic field B B0ˆj exists. The maximum
value of for which the particle does not hit the y z plane is 0.Then 0 equals
qB qBd qBd 2qB
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2md 2m m md
34. A current carrying square loop is placed near an infinitely long current carrying wire. The torque
acting on the loop is equals
a
0 I1I 2 a 0 I1I2a 0 I1I 2 a
(a) Zero (b) (c) (d) log e 2
2 2 2 2
35. A battery is connected between two points A and D on the circumference of a uniform conducting
ring of radius r and resistance R . One of the arcs AD of the ring subtends an angle at the centre.
The value of the magnetic induction at the centre due to current in the ring is
(a) proportional to 180 (b) inversely proportional to r
CENTERS: MUMBAI /DELHI /AKOLA /LUCKNOW /NASHIK /PUNE /NAGPUR /BOKARO /DUBAI # 186
36. A thin flexible wire of length L is connected to two adjacent fixed points carries a current I in the
clockwise direction, as shown in the figure. When system is put in a uniform magnetic field of
strength B going into the plane of paper, the wire takes the shape of a circle. The tension in the wire
is
X X X X X
X X X X X
X X X X X
X X X X X
37. Consider a wireframe shown in figure. Equal currents I flow through all the three branches of the
wire frame. The frame is a combination of two semicircles ACD and CDE of radius a. It is placed in
uniform magnetic field B acting perpendicular to the plane of frame. The magnitude of magnetic
force acting on the frame is
A
C D
38. A current I flows along the length of an infinitely long straight, thin-walled pipe. Then
(a) the magnetic field at all points inside the pipe is the same, but not zero
(b) the magnetic field at any point inside the pipe is zero
(c) the magnetic field is zero only on the axis of the pipe
(d) the magnetic field is different at different points inside the pipe
39. The pressure experienced by the lateral surface of a long straight solenoid having n turns per unit
length carrying a current I through it is P. then
2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 I 0n I 0 I
(a) P 0 I (b) P 0
(c) P (d) P
2 3 4
40. A straight conductor of mass m and carrying a current I is hinged at one end B
and placed in a plane perpendicular to the magnetic field of intensity B as
shown in the figure. At any moment if the conductor is let free, then the
angular acceleration of the conductor will be (neglect gravity)
IB 2 IB 3IB IB
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2m m 2m 3m L
CENTERS: MUMBAI /DELHI /AKOLA /LUCKNOW /NASHIK /PUNE /NAGPUR /BOKARO /DUBAI # 187
41. A conducting rod of length and mass m is moving down a smooth inclined plane of inclination
A
E
60
O B
with constant velocity . A current I is flowing in the conductor in a direction perpendicular to paper
inwards and a vertically upward magnetic field B exists in space. Then
I
mg mg cos mg
(a) s (b) B sin (c) B (d) B
Il II I sin
y
42. Figure shows square current carrying loop ABCD of side 2m and B
C
current I 0.5A . The magnetic movement M of the loop is
(a) ˆj kˆ Am 2 (b) 3iˆ kˆ Am2 1.05A
A
x
(c) ˆi 3kˆ Am 2 (d) ˆi kˆ Am 2
30
D
z
Y
44. A conductor PQ of length L, carries a current I. PQ is placed I
P Q
perpendicular to a long straight conductor XY carrying a current i as
shown. The force acting on PQ is F.
i L L
(a) F 0 Ii 0 Ii 2
ln 2 ; upwards (b) F ln 2; downwards
2 2
(c) F 0 Ii 0 Ii
ln 3; upwards (d) F ln 3; downwards X
2 2
CENTERS: MUMBAI /DELHI /AKOLA /LUCKNOW /NASHIK /PUNE /NAGPUR /BOKARO /DUBAI # 188
46. The figure shows certain wire segments joined together to form a
x c x x x d x
coplanar loop. The loop is placed in a perpendicular magnetic field in
x a x b x
the direction going into the plane of the figure. The magnitude of the
x x x x
field increases with time. I1 and I 2 are the currents in the segments ab x
x x
and cd. Then, x x x
(a) I1 > I 2 x x x x x
(b) I1 < I 2 x x x x x
47. A coil of inductance 8.4 mH and resistance 6 is connected to a 12 V battery. The current in the
coil is 1 A at approximately the time
(a) 500 s (b) 20 ms (c) 35 ms (d) 1 ms
x x x x
48. A circular conducting loop of radius R and resistance per unit length
is placed in a magnetic field decreasing at a constant rate . Two points x x x x
lying at the diametric ends are connected through a wire PQ. If I be the P Q
current in PQ then x x x
x
R R
(a) I from P to Q (b) I from Q to P
2 2 x x x x
2R
(c) I from P to Q (d) I = 0
49. A uniform but time-varying magnetic field B(t) exists in a circular region B(t)
x x P
of radius a and is directed into the plane of the paper, as shown. The x
magnitude of the induced electric field at point P at a distance r from the x x x x x r
centre of the circular region x x a x x
1 x x x x x
(a) is ZERO (b) decreasing as
r x x x
1
(c) increases as r (d) decreasing as 2
r
dB
50. The magnetic flux density B is changing in magnitude at a constant rate . A given mass m of
dt
copper, drawn into a wire of radius a and formed into a circular loop of radius r is placed
perpendicular to the field B. the induced current in the loop is i. The resistivity of copper is and
density is d.
m dB m dB m dB m dB
(a) i (b) i 2
(c) i (d) i
4 d dt 4 a r dt 4 ad dt 2 d dt
51. A circular loop of radius a is placed in the same plane as a long straight wire
carrying a current I. The centre of the loop is at a distance r from the wire where r >>
a. The loop is moved away from the wire with a constant velocity v. The induced
emf in the loop is a
2 2 3
0 Iv 0 Ia v 0 Ia v 0 Ia v
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 2 r2 2r 2 2r 3
CENTERS: MUMBAI /DELHI /AKOLA /LUCKNOW /NASHIK /PUNE /NAGPUR /BOKARO /DUBAI # 189
52. The power factor of the circuit shown in the figure is
R 20 XC 20 XL 100
220 V, 50 Hz 40
(a) 0.2 (b) 0.4 (c) 0.6 (d) 0.8
53. An equilateral triangular loop ADC of side length 2a, having resistance R is pulled with a constant
velocity v out of a uniform magnetic field directed into the paper. At time t = 0, side DC of the loop
is at edge of the magnetic field. The induced current (I) versus time (t) graph will be as
v
x C x x D x
x x x x
x x x x
A
x x x
I x
(a) t (b)
t
I I
(c) (d)
t t
CENTERS: MUMBAI /DELHI /AKOLA /LUCKNOW /NASHIK /PUNE /NAGPUR /BOKARO /DUBAI # 190
55. The equivalent inductance of the network shown here is
4H 2H
5H 3H 1H
57. A steady potential difference of 10 V produces heat at a rate x in a resistor. The peak value of the
x
alternating voltage which will produce heat at a rate in the same resistor is
2
(a) 5 V (b) 5 2 V (c) 10 V (d) 10 2v
58. The rate of heat production in a resistor due to an alternating current of rms value 10 A is same as
that due to a direct current of
10
(a) 10 A (b) A (c) 10 2 A (d) 5 A
2
59. Consider a series LR combination connected to a battery of constant emf E and switch S in series.
The switch S is closed at time t = 0. If denotes the induced emf across inductor and I the current in
the circuit at any time t. the graph showing the variation of with I is
(a) (b)
I
I
(c) (d)
I I
CENTERS: MUMBAI /DELHI /AKOLA /LUCKNOW /NASHIK /PUNE /NAGPUR /BOKARO /DUBAI # 191
1
60. A conducting rod XY of length L = 0.5 m is moving with a uniform speed v 4 ms in a uniform
magnetic field B = 2T directed into the paper. A capacitor of capacity C = 5 F is connected as
shown in figure. Then
x x x X x x
x1 x x x x
v
2 x
x x x x
x x x Y x x
61. In the circuit shown, A is joined to B for a long time, and A is joined to C. the 2L
A C
total heat produced in R is B
LE 2 LE 2 LE2 LE 2 +
(a) (b) (c) (d)
R2 2R 2 4R 2 8R 2 E 2R
Y
62. A coil carrying a steady current is short-circuited. The current in it decreases times t 0 . The time
constant of the circuit is .
t0 t0 t0
(a) t 0 ln (b) (c) (d)
ln 1
64. A metal disc of radius a rotates with a constant angular velocity about its axis. Assuming, m and e
to be the mass and charge of electron, the potential difference between the centre and the rim of the
disc is
1 m 2a 2 m 2 2
a 2m 2a 2 4m 2 a 2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 e e e e
1. Two particles having the same specific charges (q/m) enter a uniform magnetic field with the same
speed but at angles of 30 0 and 600 with the field. Let a, b and c be the ratios of their pitches and radii
and periods of their helical paths respectively, then
(a) abc = 1 (b) a b 2 c (c) a 2 c (d) ab c
2. The magnetic field perpendicular to the plane of conducting ring of radius r changes at the rate
dB
. Then
dt
(a) Emf induced in the ring is r 2
(b) Emf induced in the ring is 2 r
(c) the potential difference between diametrically opposite points on the ring is half of induced emf
(d) all points on the ring are at same potential
V 400sin t
(a) current will lead the voltage
(b) rms value of current is 20 A
1
(c) power factor of the circuit is
2
(d) rms voltage drop across resistance is 200 V
4. Two long parallel conducting rails of zero resistance separated by a distance L are joined to a cell of
emf E at one end. An external uniform magnetic field B is applied normal to the plane and into the
plane of the rails as shown in the figure. A conducting bar of mass m and resistance R is placed
across the rails. The bar can slide freely parallel to itself always remaining perpendicular to the rails.
+ B
L
E
E
(a) If at t = 0 velocity is zero then the terminal velocity (vT ) of the bar is
BL
(b) Current flowing through resistance at terminal velocity is zero
(c) The energy supplied by cell at any instant is partly dissipated as joule heating in the circuit and
the rest is used up in moving the bar.
(d) The speed of the bar decreases exponentially with a time constant of m R / L2 B2.
CENTERS: MUMBAI /DELHI /AKOLA /LUCKNOW /NASHIK /PUNE /NAGPUR /BOKARO /DUBAI # 193
5. Two concentric circular coils of radii R and r R carry currents of I1 and I2 I 1
respectively. When the smaller coil, of mass m , is rotated slightly about one of its
I2
diameter, it starts oscillating. If T is the period of oscillation, then
1 1
(a) T (b) T r 0 (c) T (d) T R
I1I2 m
6. Two long thin parallel conductors of mass density m1 and m 2 carry currents I1 and I 2
respectively. They are placed at a distance d . The force acting on a unit length of the first conductor
is F . Assuming second conductor to be fixed
(a) F I1I2 and attractive for I1 and I 2 flowing in the same direction
(b) F I1I2 and repulsive for I1 and I2 flowing in the opposite direction
1
(c) F
d
0 I1I 2
(d) The first conductor moves towards/ away from the second with an acceleration a
2 m1d
8. A proton, moving with velocity ,enters a region of uniform E & B such that , E & B are
mutually perpendicular the proton is deflected along positive x axis when either of the fields or
both are switched on simultaneously. Which of the following supports the argument given above?
(a) B may be along negative y axis (b) B may be along positive z axis
(c) E is along positive x axis (d) may be along positive y axis
direction
(d) 2BIa if B is in the x direction
CENTERS: MUMBAI /DELHI /AKOLA /LUCKNOW /NASHIK /PUNE /NAGPUR /BOKARO /DUBAI # 194
10. For the situation shown, the correct statement (s) is/are
0 I1I 2 I3 1 1 M P
(a) The net force on the long straight wire is F and
2 a a b
is repulsive I1 I 2 L
(b) The loop will be compressed
(c) No torque will be acting on the loop as the force experienced by the N O
wires of the loop lie in the plane of the loop. a
(d) No torque will be acting on the loop as the forces experienced by the b
wires of the loop are normal to the plane of the loop.
11. In a region having a uniform field B B0ˆj , a proton is fired from origin with velocity ˆ
0j 0k .
ˆ
The subsequent motion of the proton has the best description give by the following statement(s).
(a) Its x and z co-ordinates cannot be zero at the same time
(b) If y co-ordinate will be proportional to its time of flight
(c) Its x co-ordinates can never be negative
(d) Its x co- ordinate can never be positive
12. Non-zero uniform electric field and magnetic field coexist in a region of space. The path of a charged
particle in this region.
(a) may be a circle (b) cannot be a circle
(c) may be a helix (d) may be a straight line
13. A charged particle having mass m, charge q is moving with velocity ˆi ˆj in a magnetic field
B ˆi ˆj and experiences a force F . Which one of the following statement(s) is./are correct?
2 2
(a) F 0 for (b) F for
(c) F acts along z axis for (d) F acts along y axis for
14. Two infinite plates carry j ampere of current out of the pager per unit width of the plate as shown.
BP and B Q represent magnitude of field at point P and Q respectively.
(a) BP 0 (b) BP ˆ ˆ
0j (c) BQ 0 (d) BQ 0j
15. A rectangular coil C having N turns, length 2l, width l and resistance per unit length is placed in a
uniform magnetic field of magnitude B. The plane of the coil is initially perpendicular to B. When
the coil is rotated by an angle about the axis XY, a charge Q flows through it
NBl 2NBl
(a) Q , for (b) Q , for
3 2 3
2NBl 3 NBl
(c) Q , for (d) Q , for 2
2 6
CENTERS: MUMBAI /DELHI /AKOLA /LUCKNOW /NASHIK /PUNE /NAGPUR /BOKARO /DUBAI # 195
16. A conducting rod of mass m, length l, free to rotate in a vertical plane, is
hinged at point O. There exists a uniform magnetic field B in
horizontal direction. The rod is released form the position shown. The
potential difference between the two ends of the rod, when it reaches a x B
position at an angle below the initial position, is proportional to
(a) sin (b) l 2 (c) B (d) l 3/2
17. A magnetic field B exists perpendicular to the plane of the paper in a cylindrical volume of radius R.
dB
If it is increasing at the rate , then electric field at a distance r from its centre is
dt
r dB r dB
(a) E for r R (b) E for r R
2 dt 4 dt
R 2 dB r 2 dB
(c) E for r R (d) E for r R
2r dt 2R dt
19. In the circuit shown if VR and A be the readings of the voltmeter and ammeter, then
R 100
VL VC V
A 100 V 100 V
200 V, 50 Hz
20. In the circuit shown in figure. The steady state currents I1 and I 2 in the coils after the switch S is
closed are given by I1 L1
I2 L2
E R S
EL2 EL1
(a) I1 (b) I1
R L1 L2 R L1 L2
EL2 EL1
(c) I2 (d) I2
R L1L 2 R L1 L2
CENTERS: MUMBAI /DELHI /AKOLA /LUCKNOW /NASHIK /PUNE /NAGPUR /BOKARO /DUBAI # 196
21. A conducting circular loop of radius a, resistance R, having resistance per unit length is kept on ao
horizontal plane. A vertical time varying magnetic field horizontal plane. A vertical time varying
dq
magnetic field B = 2t is switched on at time t = 0. If P is the power generated in the coil, is the
dt
rate of flow of charge from any section of the coil, Q is the total charge passing through coil from
t = 0 to t = 3 s and be the emf induced in the coil. Then
dq a 6 a2 4 2a 4
(a) 2 a2 (b) (c) Q (d) P
dt R R
C
22. Consider three LC circuits, first with capacitance C, inductance L, second with capacitance ,
2
L
inductance 2L and third with capacitance 2C, inductance . All the three capacitors are charged to
2
the same potential V and then made to oscillate. The respective frequencies of the circuits are f 1 , f 2
and f 3 . Also the currents in the circuits have respective maximum values I1 , I 2 and I 3 . Then
f3
(a) f1 f2 f3 (b) f1 f2 (c) I1 I2 < I3 (d) I 2 I1 I3
2
P Q
23. In the arrangement shown, an aluminium ring Q faces an
electromagnet P. the current I through P can be altered using a variable
resistor. Then
(a) P repels Q, when I increases (b) P attracts Q, when I increases I
(c) P repels Q, when I decreases (d) P attracts Q, when I decreases +
24. Which of the following statements(s) is/are correct regarding the nature of induced electric field
produced regarding the nature of induced electric field produced by a changing magnetic field?
(a) The lines of this field are closed curves
(b) It is non-electrostatic in nature
(c) A corresponding potential can be associated with this induced electric field
(d) It is non-conservative in nature
CENTERS: MUMBAI /DELHI /AKOLA /LUCKNOW /NASHIK /PUNE /NAGPUR /BOKARO /DUBAI # 197
16. (b) 17. (b) 18. (c) 19. (a) 20. (c)
21. (b) 22. (d) 23. (a) 24. (d) 25. (b)
26. (d) 27. (a) 28. (d) 29. (c) 30. (d)
31. (c) 32. (d) 33. (c) 34. (a) 35. (d)
36. (c) 37. (a) 38. (b) 39. (b) 40. (c)
41. (b) 42. (c) 43. (b) 44. (c) 45. (b)
46. (d) 47. (d) 48. (d) 49. (b) 50. (a)
51. (c) 52. (c) 53. (c) 54. (d) 55. (a)
56. (d) 57. (c) 58. (a) 59. (b) 60. (d)
61. (c) 62. (c) 63. (d) 64. (a) 65. (a)
66. (b)
5. (a,b,d)
11. (b,d) 12. (b,c,d) 13. (a,b,c) 14. (a,d) 15. (a,b)
16. (a,c,d) 17. (a,c) 18. (b,c,d) 19. (c,d) 20. (a,d)
21. (a,b,c,d) 22. (a,d) 23. (a,d) 24. (a,b,d) 25. (a,c,d)
CENTERS: MUMBAI /DELHI /AKOLA /LUCKNOW /NASHIK /PUNE /NAGPUR /BOKARO /DUBAI # 198
P – IX SOLUTION
2
L
10
ln
9
V V
tan 39 tan
H H cos 30
tan 300
tan
cos30
390
5. (b)
5v0 2 v
Only vx will change because E is along X-axis. vx2 + v02 = orvx = 0
4 2
v0 qE mv0
v = u + at or =0+ t or t =
2 m 2qE
6. (b)
BLv BIL B 2 L2 v
I= and retardation, a
R m mR
2 2 2 2
dv B L v B Ls mv0 R
v v v0 or v 0 s (Finite)
ds mR mR B 2 L2
2 2
B Lt
dv B 2 L2v
v v0e mR or v 0 t (Infinite)
dt mR
Slider will come to rest when its KE is completely converted into heat.
7. Magnetic field at a distance x from the center of the coil of radius R and carrying a current I is
2
0 IR
B 32
(1)
2 R2 x2
Magnetic field at the center of the coil is x 0
I 0
B0 (2)
2R
Dividing (1) by (1) we get
32
B0 R 2 x2
B R3
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8. When a wire of length l moves with a velocity perpendicular to a magnetic field B, and emf
E Bl is induced between its ends. Hence the equivalent circuit is as shown in figure. From
Kirchhoff’s junction rule
I1 I2 I
Applying Kirchhoff’s loop rule to loops abefa and bcdeb we have
E IR I1R 0 (1)
And I2 R IR E 0 (2)
Adding (1) and (2), we get I1 I2
Subtracting (1) and (2), we get
2E 2IR I1 I 2 R 0
2E 2IR IR 0
2E 2Bl
I
3R 3R
I Bl
I1 I 2
2 3R
CENTERS: MUMBAI /DELHI /AKOLA /LUCKNOW /NASHIK /PUNE /NAGPUR /BOKARO /DUBAI # 200
Ldi
10. Induced emf i
dt
t
e
11. (a)
y 2x x 2 0 x 0,2
l eq= 2 ˆi ,B B 0 kˆ
F il B
2 B 0 ˆi , upward ĵ
12. (a)
Ldr q
Q : U : E 1:1: 2 5R 0
dt C
di Ld 2 r i LCd 2 dr
R 0 RC i 0
dt dt 2 C dt 2 dt
2 2
RC RC 42C t RC RC 42C
i c, e C 2e t
2LC 2LC
At t ,i 0
Ldi
or since max. value of there cannot be back current in circuit i.e., I at , will be zero.
dt
q2
Therefore at t capacitor has energy stored , inductor energy O.
2C
q2
Energy lost in Resistance q q 2.
2c
13. (d)
Current will be r
14. (a)
mv R1 B2 1
R= ;
qB R2 B1 2
R1 R1
R2 sin = R1 sin 300 sin sin 300
R2 2 R2
1
sin
4
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15. (b)
dx
Current flowing per unit length = = v
dt
v
By Ampere’s law B + B = 0 v B= 0
16. (b)
dB
2
E.d R2
dt
B t
db
E2 r R2
dt
d
2
R dB R
E
2r dt r E
1
E
r
E C1 E C2
17. (b)
An inductor tries to keep the flux constant
E
L i nL
R
E
i
nR
18. (c)
BQ
I2
I1 B
r
I2
P
The force at P is outward and the force at Q is inward. So net force on the entire loop is zero.
19. (a)
WB 0 WE q Ey
2 2
mv mv 0
qEy
2 2
2qEy
V V02
m
20. (c)
K BINA
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BNA
S current sensitivity
I K
S B S N S A
, ,
S B S N S A
So if the current sensitivity is increased by 25% then we have increase B,N or A by the same amount
25%
N should be increased to 30
30 24
100 25%
24
21. (b)
N
F
N S A
B
S
F
The initial torque will bring N closes towards S , and hence the magnet A will get attracted towards
magnet B.
22. (d)
F i B
Towards left
N
B i
23. (a)
FB qBV Down FE qE UP
If the particle travels without deviation , then q E qVB
E V B(upwards)
v q
24. (d)
The point where the particle is located an electric field can be produced by a time varying magnetic
field present at some other point
r
B t
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25. (b)
Cross-section
of the tube
For such a symmetric configuration , the field is zero, every where inside the tube. Hence constant
26. (d)
Force
A C B
Since the point of application of magnetic force will be between A and C. Hence the rod should be
hinged between A and C.
27. (a)
V1 Velocity of 1st observer
V2 Velocity of 2nd observer
VC Velocity of change
0 2V r
B 3
4 r
VC V1 r VC V2 r
V1 V 2 r 0
Hence there relative velocity must be parallel to r .
28. (d)
The motion of the particle will be helical with increasing pitch.
2 m 2 1
T 2 sec
qB 1 1
In seconds it will cover half the circle
x
1m s
z y
P1` P2 P3
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mv
r
qB x
1
r 1m
1 1
z 2m x 0 t
1 qE 2 y
y Z 2r
2 m t 0
11 1 2
2 1
2
y 5m 0,5, 2
2
29. (c) R L
140 5R 10L A B
5A
60 5R 10L di di
10 L
dt dt
80 20L
L 4H
30. (d)
p 5
s 1
ip p is s 500
is s 1
ip 12.5
p 5
ip 2.5 A
31. (c)
Since F BI
2
F MLT
MT 2 A 1
1 AL
Since BA MT 2 A 2L2
ML2 T 2 A 1
32. (d)
z
x
V0
y
Fm (0,y,0)
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2mv0 2V0
y 2r
qB0 B0
q
where the specific charge equals
m
33. (c)
Since the magnetic field is uniform and the particle is projected in a direction perpendicular to the
filed hence, it will describe a circular path. The particle will not hit the y z plane only if the radius
of the circle happens to be smaller than d . For the maximum value of v the radius is just equal to d.
mv0
So, r d
qB
qBd
v
m
34. (a)
Forces acting on the loop, due to I1 act in the plane of the loop and hence give zero torque
35. (d)
For a current flowing into a circular arc, the magnetic induction at the centre is
0I
B
4 r I 2
B I
In the given problem, the total current is divided into two arcs C
O
1 1 A
I 0
36. (c)
d
2T sin Id B
2
d BIL
2T IRd B T BIR
2 2
37. (a)
FCAD FCED BI eff BI 2a
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Net force on the frame is F 3FCD F 6Bla
38. (b)
Using Ampere’s Circuital Law over a circular loop of any radius less than the radius of the pipe, we
can see that net current inside the loop is zero. Hence, magnetic field at every point inside the loop
will be zero.
39. (b)
Since B 0 nI
Also, we know that the magnetic energy density equals pressure
So,
2 2 2
B2 0 nI 0n I
P
2 0 2 0 2
40. (c)
The force acting one elementary portion of the current carrying conductor is given as
dF I dx b sin 90o dF BIdx
The torque applied by dF about O d xdF
The total torque about O is given by
dt x BIdx
L
IBL2 dF
IB xdx
0
2
O
The angular acceleration x
dx
Moment of Intertia 1
mL2
or Rod about O 3
BIL2
2 3IB
2
mL 2m
3
41. (b)
Magnetic force Fm BI acts in the direction shown in figure
BI
v=constant
Since the rod moves downwards with constant velocity, hence the net force on it is zero.
CENTERS: MUMBAI /DELHI /AKOLA /LUCKNOW /NASHIK /PUNE /NAGPUR /BOKARO /DUBAI # 207
mI cos
N
BI
B I sin
mg sin
m g co s
mg
Fm cos mg sin BI cos mg sin
mg
B tan
I
42. (c)
DA 2 cos 30 ˆi 2sin 30 kˆ 3iˆ kˆ and AB 2 j
1
Since, M I DA AB M 3iˆ kˆ 2ˆj
2
M 3kˆ iˆ M ˆi 3kˆ Am 2
43. (b)
Since rA rB
mv
mA v A mB v B r
qB
44. (c)
Consider an element of length dx at a distance x for the wire
Field at the elements is B 0I
2 x
If dF is the force experienced by the element then
dF BIdx
dF is the force experienced by the element then
dF BI dx
3L 2
0iIU dx 0iI dx 0iI 3L 2
dF F F nx L 2
2 x 2 L2
x 2
0 II 3L 3L L 0iI
F n n n F n3
2 2 2 2 2
45. (b)
The net electric field
E E1 E 2
E
2 0 2 0 0
The net force acting on the electron is zero because it moves with constant velocity, due to its motion
on straight line
Fnet Fe Fm 0 Fe F m
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E
eE evB v
B 0B
0 B
The time of motion inside the capacitor is t
v
46. (d)
Since magnetic field increases with time
So induced net flux should be outward i.e, current will flow from a to b.
x c x I2 x x d x
x a x b x
x x I1 x x
x
x x
x x x
x x x x x
x x x x x
47. (d)
Rt
I I0 1 e L , where
12
I0 A 2A
6
6t 6t
3 1 8.4 10 3
1 2 1 e 8.4 10 e n2
2
48. (d)
Since the inward field is decreasing at a constant rate, so the induced current
must be set up in the loop so that if does not allow the inward field to decrease.
Hence the induced current must set up an outward field. So, the induced P Q
current must flow in the loop in the Counter Clockwise sense. Due to this fact
no current flows through the branch PQ.
49. (b)
d
E.dr
dt
dB 1 a 2 dB m dB
2 E a2 E
dt 2 r dt 4 d dt
50. (a)
d
{in magnitude}
dt
1 d A dB
i BA
R R dt R dt
CENTERS: MUMBAI /DELHI /AKOLA /LUCKNOW /NASHIK /PUNE /NAGPUR /BOKARO /DUBAI # 209
where A r2 area of loop of radius r and R = resistance of the loop of length 2 r and area of
cross-section a 2
2 r
R 2
a a2
Further mass of wire is m a2 2 r d
a2 r 2 dB a2 2 r dB
i i
2 r dt 4 dt
m dB
.
4 d dt
51. (c)
Flux linked with the loop, when it is at a distance r from the wire is
0I
BA cos 0 a2
2 r
2 2
0 Ia d 0 Ia d 1
Since r
2r dt 2 dt
2 2
0 Ia dr 0Ia dr
2 2
v v
2r dt 2r dt
52. (c)
R
Power factor is cos , where
Z
2
Z2 XL XC R2
2 2 2 2
Z 100 20 40 20 Z2 80 60
40 20
Z 100 So, cos 0.6
100
53. (c) vt vt
B dA 3
I 3
R R dt
vt N M
DN CM D C
3 VT
At time t , area of the triangle APQ, as a function of t is P
Q X
X X X X X
X X X X X X
X X X X
X A X
Ar APQ Ar ACD Ar of Trap PQDC
1 2vt v2t2
A 3a 2 2a 2a vt A 3a 2 2avt
2 3 3
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dA 2v 2 t B 2v2 t 2VB vt
2av I 2av I a
dt 3 R 3 R 3
2Bva 2Bv2
I t Which happens to be a straight line with negative slope. So, the I t
R 3R
graph is best represented by C .
54. (d)
The equivalent circuit for this set up is
I
Blv
6 3
2
F BI B
R
B v B2 2 v
F B , (opposite to v)
R R
2 2
6 3 2 2 4
where R 2 4 F 32 N
6 3 2
55. (a)
5.5 5
Leq 2.619 H
5.5 5
56. (d)
Since B v
So, if Q is the charge across the capacitor, then current in the branch containing the capacitor is
dQ
I , where Q C B Cv
dt
dv
I B C
dt
dv
Since 0 { v constant} So, I 0
dt
57. (c)
2
10
x (for steady voltage)
R
x E2
(for alternating voltage)
2 2R
E 10 V
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58. (a)
For ac of rms value 10 A
Pac I2v R ……(1)
For dc of value 1
Pdc I2 R …..(2)
Equating (1) and (2), we get
I I v 10A
59. (b)
dI
E L IR
dt
E IR E R
So, the graph of vs I is a straight line with negative slope.
60. (d)
Since, the motional emf, , is
B v
2 0.5 4 4V
Since Q C
Q 4 5 20 C
The equivalent circuit for the arrangement is
x x x X x x
x1 x x x x 1
v C B v
2 2
x x x x x
x x x Y x x
So, q1 20 C and q2 20 C
61. (c)
E
I0 Peak value
2R
1 2
Total heat produced across R is H LI0
2
1 E2
H 2L
2 4R 2
LE 2
H
4R 2
62. (c)
I0
I at t t0
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t0
Since , I I0 e
1
e t0 et 0 t0 loge
t0
loge
63. (d)
For emit to be induced , v and B can never be coplanar.
64. (a)
Let the field be E at a distance x from the centre of the disc Then
2
eE mx
m 2
E x
e
a a
m 2 m 2 2
a
Since V Edx x dx
0
e 0
2e
65. (a)
R eq Ceq 5 1 5s
66. (b)
Vrms
Irms
1
R2 2 2
C
when increases , Irms increases so the bulb glows brighter.
2. (a,c)
d dB
E.M.F. A r2
dt dt
p.d. b diametrically opposite ends
R
V ir
R 2 2
3. (a,b,c,d)
L.C.R. circuit
XC 20 , R 10 , X L 10
XC X2 current leads voltage
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xC
20 10
10 R
xL
v rms 400 / 2
b rms
2 10 2
10
cos 1/ 2
10 2
Vrms across R 20 10
200
4. (a,b,c,d)
E BlvT
At terminal speed Fext = Findnced ; Bl Bl
R R
E
vT also inet = zero
BL
mdv E Blv
at time t ; Bl
dt R R
dv B l v EBl dv B 2l 2
2 2
BlE
; v
dt mR mR dt mR mR
5. (a,b,d)
Restoring torque MB sin
0 I1
r 2 I2 for small ,sin
2R
1 2 0 I1I2r 2 0I1I2
mr 0
2 2R mR
..
2
Comparing with standard equation of SHM i.e, 0 , we get
0 I1I 2
mR
mR 1
T 2 T ,T m, T R
0 I1I 2 I1I2
and is independent of r. so, (A), (B) and (D) are correct
6. (a,b,c,d)
7. (b,c)
v B
Therefore path f the particle is a circle. In magnetic field speed of particle remains constant.
v0
Therefore , distance moved by the particle in time t is v0 t or
B0 B0
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°
v 0 sin 60
v0
60
°
v 0 cos 60
ˆ
v0i
2 m 2
Since T
qB0 B0
T v0
t v v0 cos 60 iˆ sin 60 ˆj v i 3 ˆj
3 B0 6 2
Please note that since the magnitude of velocity remains same in the magnetic field. This is true but
will not help us to conclude whether (d) is correct or false.
8. (b,c,d)
Since, F q E v B
So for the proton to suffer deflection along x axis, the force acting on it must be along x axis.
For that to happen, we must/ may have
Case I: E along x axis ( B is switched off)
Case II: v along y axis and B along z axis, so that v B is along x axis ( E switched off)
Case III: E along x axis, B along y axis v v ˆj v kˆ v B is along x axis
y z
9. (a,c)
To find the Ampere force on a conductor of any shape just replaced the conductor by an imaginary
straight conductor joining the two ends of the given conductor having effective length eff .
10. (a,b,c)
11. (b,d) y
The velocity of proton makes an angle of 45 with the direction of magnetic
field. Therefore, path of the proton is a helix. The plane of the circle of this
helix is the plane formed by negative x and positive formed by negative x x
and positive z axis. Therefore, x coordinate can never be positive.
Further , x and z co-ordinates will become zero simultaneously after every
pitch and y coordinate of proton at any time t is
y v0 t y t
12. (b,c,d)
13. (a,b,c)
When then v B
F 0
So option (a) is correct
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ˆi ˆj kˆ
Since, F q v B q 0
0
F q 2 2
kˆ
2 2
F
So OPTION is also correct
Also, from (1) , we get OPTION (C) to the correct.
14. (a,d)
Consider only one plate as shown in figure. The field on both sides of plate is shown in figure
The field on both sides of plate is shown in figure. Applying Ampere’s Circuital Law to the contour
C, we get L
B
B
C
2BL 0j
0 jL B
2
Superimposing , the field due to two plates we get at P both fields cancel each other and at Q, they
add to give BQ 0j
15. (a,b)
1
Q
R
2
i NBA cos 0 NBA 2NB
2
Qf NBA cos 2NB cos
2
2NB
R 2 2 6 Q 1 cos
6
NB 2NB NB
For 90 , Q For 180 , Q For 270 , Q
3 3 3
NB
For 360 , Q
3
l l
16. (a,c,d) 2 2
By Law of Conservation of Energy
Loss inGravitational Gain in Roational
l
Potential Energy Kinetic Energy sin
2
1 2
mg sin I
2 2
1 m 2
mg
2 2 3
3g sin
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Further
1 2
B
2
1 3
B 3g sin 2 1 2
B 3g sin 2 B
2 2
32
sin
17. (a,c)
d
E.d
dt
Inside r R
d 1 dB
E 2 r B r2 E r
dt 2 dt
Outside r R
dB 1 R 2 dB
E 2 r R2 E
dt 2 r dt
18. (b,c,d)
Using Fleming’s Right Hand Rule, we get
1 2 9
1 V0 Vp B 3 B 2
2 2
1 2
P Q
O
1 2 25 2
2 V0 V0 B 5 B
2 2
2
2 1 V0 V0 V0 Vp 2 1 Vp VQ 8B
19. (c,d)
Since VLL VC V VL2 VR2 VR
V VR 200
So, I 2A
R R 100
20. (a,d)
dI dI2
L1 1 L2
dt dt
L1I1 L2I 2
I1 L2
……(1)
I2 L1
Steady state current passing through the resistor is
E
I I1 I 2
R
L1 E EL2 EL1
I1 I1 I1 and I2
L2 R R L1 L2 R L1 L 2
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21. (a,b,c,d)
dB
A a2 2 2 a2
dt
dq 2 a2 2 a2 a a 6 a2
Since I Q It 3
dt R R 2 a R
2
2 a2 2 a2 4 2a 4
P I R 2
R R
R R
So, all the OPTIONS A,B,C and D are correct
22. (a,d)
1
f
2 LC
1
F1 F2 F3 t1 t 2 t 3 f1 f2 f3
2 LC
Also, we have, from Law of Conservation of Energy
1 2 1
LI max CV 2
2 2
C C1 C
Imax V
L L1 L
C2 1 C C3 C
and 2 I2 I1 I3
L2 2 L L3 L
23. (a,d)
When I increases, field associated with P increases. So Q lies in a field that increases or we can say
that apparently Q moves closer to P. hence P and Q must repel each other. Similarly I decreases ,
then O attracts Q.
24. (a,b,d)
25. (a,c,d)
1 2 1 C
LI max CV02 Imax V0
2 2 L
Also, we know that for this series LC circuit,
q q0 cos t and V V0 cos t q CV
2 1
where
T LC
So, potential across the capacitor becomes zero when t
2
2 T 2 LC
t t LC
T 2 4 4 2
Since at this moment t LC , energy across the capacitor is zero, so energy across the inductor is
2
1 2 1
maximum and has a value LI max CV02
2 2
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