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Introduction of CA

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39 views17 pages

Introduction of CA

Uploaded by

Mohsin Islam Rifat
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CSE 4293 – Computer Architecture

Introduction of Computer
Architecture

Nafiz Imtiaz
Lecturer, EEE, AUST
What is computer Architecture?

Computer architecture is a set of rules


and methods that describe the
functionality, organization, and
implementation of computer systems.

Figure: Block diagram of a basic computer


[Ref: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_architecture]

CSE-4293 Computer Architecture @ Nafiz Imtiaz 2


Von Neumann Computer Architecture

3 units
1) Input unit
2) Central Processing Unit
3) Output unit

CSE-4293 Computer Architecture @ Nafiz Imtiaz 3


Input devices Output devices CPU

Computer keyboard Computer monitor ALU


Digital camera Printer Memory Unit
Digital video PC speaker Control Unit
Graphics tablet Projector
Image scanner Sound card
Joystick Video card
Microphone
Mouse
Touchscreen
Light pen

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Discussion between ROM, RAM

Read, Write process, Clock Speed etc

CSE-4293 Computer Architecture @ Nafiz Imtiaz 5


Stalling (page 5)

Computer Top
Level Structure
(single core)

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Computer

■ Central processing unit (CPU): Controls the operation of the computer and

performs its data processing functions (processor).

■ Main memory: Stores data.

■ I/O: Moves data between the computer and its external environment.

■ System Bus (System interconnection): Provides communication among CPU, main memory,

and I/O.

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CPU

■ Control unit: Controls the operation of the CPU and hence the computer.

■ Arithmetic and logic unit (ALU): Performs the computer’s data processing functions.

■ Registers: Provides storage internal to the CPU.

■ Internal Bus (CPU interconnection): Provides communication among the control unit, ALU,

and registers

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Stalling (page 7)

Simplified view of
Multicore Computer

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■ Central processing unit (CPU): Controls the operation of the computer and

performs its data processing functions (processor).

■ Core: An individual processing unit on a processor chip. A core may be equivalent in

functionality to a CPU on a single-CPU system.

■ Processor: The processor is the computer component that interprets and executes

instructions. If a processor contains multiple cores, it is referred to as a multicore

processor.

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Cache Memory (supplementary memory system)

Cache memory temporarily stores frequently used instructions and data for quicker
processing by the CPU of a computer

1) L1 cache: (100kb-4MB){small size, high speed} [ inside a single core]

2) L2 cache: (500kb-32MB) {Medium size, Medium speed} [ inside a single core]

3) L3 cache: (2MB-256MB) {large size, low speed} [ between two separated core]

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Processor (History)

comparison 1st Processor Single core Multicore Processor


(intel 4004) last processor (intel core i7)
(Intel Pentium)

Launch 1971 2003 2009


Technology 10um 90nm 45nm
No. of Transistor 2300 55M 774M
Die size 13mm^2 101mm^2 296mm^2
Speed 108KHz 3.4GHz 3.2-3.6GHz
Biasing Voltage 12V 1.2V 0.7-1.4V
Bit size 4bit 32/64bit 128bit
Cache No 2-level on chip 3-level on/off chip
Core 1 1 4

***A die, in the context of integrated circuits, is a small block of semiconducting material on which a given functional circuit is fabricated

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computer Architecture planning

Technology/Hardware Goals Computer

Logic Gates Performance Desktops


SRAM Reliability Servers
DRAM Cost Mobile Phones
Circuit Techniques Energy Efficiency Super Computers
Packaging Time to market
Magnetic Storage
Flash Memory

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Importance/goal of computer
Architecting

All units of a computer must be designed in


such a way that they can perform at
maximum efficiency

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Computer (History)

Analog (mechanical)

Electromechanical (Digital)

Modern (transistor, Integrated circuit)

Site: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer

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Microprocessor chronology

Site: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microprocessor_chronology

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Thank You

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