PREHISTORIC PERIOD

The prehistoric period is a time in history when writing did not exist. This
phase covers the human journey from the beginning to the development of
writing. Prehistory has been divided into several periods based on human
development.The prehistoric period is a time in history when writing did not
exist. This phase covers the human journey from the beginning to the
development of writing. Prehistory has been divided into several periods based
on human development.

The prehistoric era began around 2.5 million years ago, with the appearance of
the first humans, known as Homo habilis, during the Paleolithic period. During
this time, humans used simple tools as weapons and for daily life, that made
from stone. The prehistoric period is a time in history when writing did not exist.
This phase covers the human journey from the beginning to the development of
writing. The prehistoric era is also divided into two eras, name the geological era
and the archaeological era. Geological eras its a time division who divides into
smaller time. (kompas.com). Archaelogical eras or historical relics, that divided
into 2 parts is, stone age and metal age. (gramedia.com)

The Archean Eon, also known as the Archean Era, is a geological period that
spanned from approximately 4 billion to 2.5 billion years ago. During this time,
Earth underwent significant transformations that laid the foundation for the
development of life and the environment in the future. This era was marked by
the formation of Earth's crust, the early atmosphere, and the emergence of the
first forms of life, such as simple microorganisms. The Archean Eon is a crucial
period in Earth's early history that continues to influence the planet's conditions
today. Archaic remains are the craton or continental shield rocks, estimated to be
about 3.8 billion years old.

These shields can be found in regions such as the United States, Canada,
Venezuela, and India. During this era, there was no life yet. During the Archean
Eon, around 2.5 billion years ago, Earth was in its early formation stage, with an
unstable surface and extremely hot temperatures. These conditions made
complex life impossible. The Archean Eon is divided into four periods. The first
period represents the early formation of Earth from gas and dust originating from
the Sun. One characteristic of the Archean Eon is the absence of signs of life due
to extremely high temperatures. During this time, Earth was still a hot gas ball,
and the planet was in the process of formation, leading to an unstable
environment.

The Paleozoic Era, meaning "ancient life," started 541 million years ago with the
Cambrian Explosion and ended approximately 251.9 million years ago. This era is
divided into six periods: Cambrian (541-485.4 million years ago), Ordovician
(485.4-443.8 million years ago), Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous, and Permian.
During the Paleozoic Era, Earth experienced a gradual decline in temperatures.
This era saw the emergence of diverse life forms, including microorganisms, fish,
amphibians, reptiles, and other simple, non-bony animals. The Earth’s
environment remained unstable throughout this period, but life began to thrive in
both terrestrial and marine environments.

This era is notably characterized by a dramatic explosion in biodiversity, where a wide array of new
life forms emerged both in the oceans and on land. It witnessed the rise of various species, including
trilobites, mollusks, and the first land plants, marking a significant milestone in the evolution of life
on Earth. The Paleozoic era has left a rich legacy of fossils, including those of marine animals,
arthropods, and reptiles, providing crucial insights into early life on Earth. In addition to these fossils,
significant geological formations from this era, such as the Appalachian Mountain Belt in eastern
North America and the Hercynian Mountains in England, remain visible today. These formations
serve as enduring monuments to the dramatic geological processes that shaped the planet during the
Paleozoic. During the early period when Earth's surface developed a hydrosphere and atmosphere, the
first signs of life began to appear. This era is significant for the emergence of life forms that originated
in water, marking the beginning of biological evolution on the planet. The presence of these vital
layers set the stage for the development of more complex life forms in the future.

The Mesozoic Era, which lasted from around 252 to 65 million years ago, is often known as the "Age
of Reptiles." This era is characterized by the dominance of reptiles, which were the most prominent
and diverse group of animals during this time. Some of the notable reptilian species that thrived in the
Mesozoic include the Iguanodon, a herbivorous dinosaur; Megalosaurus, a large carnivorous dinosaur;
Plesiosaurus, a marine reptile; and the Pseudosuchia, a group that includes the ancestors of modern
crocodiles. The Mesozoic Era is a significant period in Earth's history, marking the rise and eventual
extinction of the dinosaurs, as well as significant changes in the planet's climate, geography, and the
development of early mammals and birds. During the Mesozoic Era, which spanned from
about 252 to 65 million years ago, there was a notable increase in the diversity
of both animal and plant life.

This period witnessed the evolution and proliferation of numerous species,

including various dinosaurs, marine reptiles, and early birds, alongside a rich
variety of plant life.Simultaneously, the Earth's continents began to break apart and drift to their
current positions, leading to significant changes in the planet's geography. This continental drift
contributed to the formation of separate landmasses and altered oceanic and climatic patterns.The
Mesozoic Era came to a dramatic end with the largest mass extinction event in Earth's history. This
extinction event, believed to be caused by a combination of factors such as a massive asteroid impact
and volcanic activity, resulted in the sudden and widespread loss of many species, including the
dinosaurs. This catastrophic event marked the end of the Mesozoic Era and set the stage for the
subsequent rise of mammals and the eventual dominance of the modern world. The Mesozoic Era,
often referred to as the middle ancient period, was marked by the emergence of several significant life
forms. During this time, mammals and amphibians began to appear, alongside the evolution of early
birds, diverse reptiles, and the first flowering plants. This era was crucial for the development of these
groups, which played a foundational role in shaping the evolutionary trajectory of life on Earth.

The Neozoic Era, also known as the Cenozoic Era, Senzoic Era, or Kainozoic Era,
marks a period of significant improvement and stability in Earth's conditions
compared to earlier geological epochs. This era began around 65 million years
ago and is characterized by a more stable climate and environmental conditions,
which allowed for the flourishing and diversification of life forms. This stability led
to the development and evolution of many modern species, including mammals
and birds, and the proliferation of flowering plants. Consequently, the Neozoic
Era is often referred to as the "Age of New Life," reflecting the renewed
opportunities for life to thrive and evolve in this more favorable environment.
The Neozoic era, which occurred around 60 million years ago, was marked by the
emergence of mammals and the extinction of large reptiles. During this time,
Earth's climate began to stabilize. The era is divided into two periods: the
Tertiary and Quaternary. During this period, Earth's conditions became more
favorable, supporting the emergence and evolution of various life forms. Among
these were mammals, including early species of apes and monkeys, which began
to thrive as the environment stabilized and provided the necessary resources for
their development. This era is marked by the emergence of modern humans
(Homo sapiens) and significant climate changes. The Neozoic era, commonly
referred to as the "new life" era, was a time when Earth's conditions significantly
improved. This improvement was largely due to the gradual melting of the ice
that had previously covered much of the planet, leading to a more hospitable
environment for life to flourish.