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L7 Architecture of Android

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Tanishka Choudhary
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15 views5 pages

L7 Architecture of Android

Uploaded by

Tanishka Choudhary
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Architecture of Android.

The architecture of Android is designed to provide a robust,


flexible, and secure platform for mobile devices. It consists of
several layers, each serving a specific purpose in the overall
functioning of the system. Here is an overview of the main
components of Android architecture:
1. Linux Kernel
 Base Layer: At the core of the Android architecture is
the Linux kernel, which provides basic system
functionalities such as memory management, process
management, security, networking, and drivers for
hardware abstraction.
 Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL): Interfaces for
hardware-specific components, allowing the Android OS
to be hardware-agnostic.
2. Libraries and Android Runtime
 Native Libraries: Written in C/C++, these libraries
provide a range of functionalities like graphics (OpenGL),
database (SQLite), and web (WebKit).
 Android Runtime (ART): The runtime environment
where Android applications run. It includes core libraries
that provide most of the functionality of Java
programming language. ART replaces the older Dalvik
virtual machine, offering better performance and more
efficient memory management.
3. Application Framework
 Java API Framework: A set of APIs for building Android
applications. This framework provides higher-level
services in the form of Java classes.
 Key Components:
o Activity Manager: Manages the lifecycle and
navigation stack of activities.
o Window Manager: Manages windows and their
interaction.
o Content Providers: Facilitates data sharing
between applications.
o View System: Provides the building blocks for the
UI components.
o Package Manager: Manages application packages
installed on the device.
o Telephony Manager: Manages telephony services.
o Resource Manager: Manages non-code resources
like strings, graphics, and layout files.
4. Applications
 Pre-installed Applications: Basic applications like phone
dialer, contacts, browser, and email client.
 User-installed Applications: Applications downloaded
and installed from Google Play Store or other sources.
Detailed Layer Breakdown:
Linux Kernel
 Driver Layer: Includes drivers for device hardware like
display, camera, Bluetooth, audio, memory, and power
management.
 Security: Provides a set of security features, including
process isolation and permission-based security model.
Libraries
 Surface Manager: Manages access to the display
subsystem and seamlessly composites 2D and 3D
graphic layers.
 Media Framework: Supports playing and recording
various audio, video, and still-image formats.
 Graphics Engines: Includes OpenGL ES and 2D graphics
engines for rendering 3D and 2D graphics.
Android Runtime
 Core Libraries: Java core libraries that provide
functionalities of Java Standard Edition.
 ART/Dalvik VM: Executes bytecode and manages
memory using garbage collection.
Application Framework
 Activity Manager: Handles lifecycle and states of all
activities.
 Fragment Manager: Manages fragments which are
portions of a user interface.
 Location Manager: Provides access to location services.
 Notification Manager: Manages notifications.
 Connectivity Manager: Manages network connections
(Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, mobile networks).
Overall Structure:
 Hardware: Device-specific components and peripherals.
 Linux Kernel: Core operating system functionalities.
 Native Libraries & Runtime: Low-level system libraries
and runtime environment for executing applications.
 Application Framework: High-level services and system
components for building applications.
 Applications: User interface and experience layer,
encompassing both system and user-installed
applications.
This layered architecture allows Android to be both flexible
and modular, enabling developers to create a wide range of
applications and allowing the OS to run on various hardware
configurations.

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